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While the current tools to assess canine postoperative pain using physiological and behavioural parameters are reliable, an objective method such as the parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) index could improve postoperative care. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of the PTA index in assessing postoperative analgaesia.

Abstract BackgroundThe European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI) has promoted the importance of parental involvement in the care of children. ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine how the time required by parents to achieve autonomy in the care of their very low–birth weight newborn infants was modified during the implementation of a training program. MethodsThis was an observational prospective study in the context of a quality improvement initiative. The Cuídame (meaning “Take Care of Me” in English) program was aimed at achieving parental autonomy. It was implemented over 2 periods: period 1, from September 1, 2020, to June 15, 2021; and period 2, from July 15, 2021, to May 31, 2022. The days required by parents to achieve autonomy in several areas of care were collected from the electronic health system. ResultsA total of 54 and 43 families with newborn infants were recruited in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Less time was required to acheive autonomy in period 2 for participation in clinical rounds (median 10.5, IQR 5‐20 vs 7, IQR 4‐10.5 d; PPPPPP ConclusionsParents required less time to achieve autonomy for participation in clinical rounds, feeding, and observation of neurobehavior during the implementation of the training program. Nevertheless, they required more time to achieve autonomy for kangaroo mother care, diaper change, and infection prevention.

The aim of this paper is to propose a workflow for the real-time visualization of virtual environments that supports diagnostic tasks in heritage buildings. The approach integrates data from terrestrial laser scanning (3D point clouds and meshes), along with panoramic and thermal images, into a unified virtual model. Additionally, the methodology incorporates several post-processing stages designed to enhance the user experience in visualizing both the building and its associated damage. The methodology was tested on the Medieval Templar Church of Vera Cruz in Segovia, utilizing a combination of visible and infrared data, along with manually prepared damage maps. The project results demonstrate that the use of a hybrid digital model—combining 3D point clouds, polygonal meshes, and panoramic images—is highly effective for real-time rendering, providing detailed visualization while maintaining adaptability for mobile devices with limited computational power.

Introduction: Parental satisfaction is rarely measured in the neonatal intensive care unit due to a lack of specific assessment tools. The Empowerment of Parents in The Intensive Care-Neonatology (EMPATHIC-N) questionnaire is an instrument to assess satisfaction in relation to family-centred care that has been validated in several countries, but not Spain. Objectives: To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the EMPATHIC-N to Spanish followed by its validation for the purpose of assessing satisfaction in parents with children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Material and methods: The questionnaire first underwent forward and backward translation and transcultural adaptation by a panel of experts through a standardized process based on the Delphi method, followed by a pilot study in 8 parents and then a cross-sectional study in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital to assess the reliability and converging validity of the Spanish version. Results: The study proved the comprehensibility, validity, feasibility, applicability and usefulness of the Spanish version of the EMPATHIC-N in the field of paediatric health after being evaluated by 19 professionals and 60 parents. The content validity was found to be excellent (0.93). The reliability and convergent validity of the Spanish version of the EMPHATIC-N was analysed in a sample of 65 completed questionnaires. The Cronbach α for each domain was greater than 0.7, indicating a high internal consistency. We assessed validity by analysing the correlation of the 5 domains with the with the 4 general satisfaction items. The validity was found to be adequate (rs, 0.4−0.76; P

The cultural heritage associated with rural systems is extremely valuable and is a sign of identity for cultures that are disappearing or undergoing transformation. This paper explains and illustrates the series of procedures that have been carried out to document and subsequently virtualise the ethnological site of the “El Plantío” underground wine cellars in Atauta. The ensembles of underground wine cellars are located immediately outside the village of Atauta, from which they are separated by the stream of Arroyo de la Laguna or Golbán, thus giving rise to two environments that are characterised by the perfect interrelation between their natural and architectural heritage. The visual and scenic relations between both these elements make this area a prime example of a cultural heritage that is associated with wine production systems. This documentation was obtained through a combination of different geomatic techniques. The results are organised on a web platform to enable their digital visualisation (2D/3D). This platform provides a virtual environment such that users can understand these underground heritage assets in an integrated way together with the immaterial cultural heritage and the cultural landscape—all of which converge on this ethnological site. The project offers different types of audiences, both real and virtual, access to all of the documentation.

Esta presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo conocer la relación entre las variables de personalidad y las conductas de riesgo en deportes extremos de montaña. En primer lugar, se empleó el sistema de preguntas “PICO” (problema, intervención, comparación y resultados) para llevar a cabo las búsquedas en las distintas bases de datos: PsycInfo, P&BSC, PubMed, Frontiers in Psychology, entre otros. Se extrajeron un total de 892 artículos de los que finalmente, a través del sistema de selección de criterios, se seleccionaron un total de diez artículos. Se concluye que los principales resultados indican que la combinación de las variables de personalidad es lo que determina que una persona se exponga en mayor o menor medida al riesgo cuando realiza uno de estos deportes, siendo las más relevantes la autoeficacia, estabilidad emocional, la impulsividad, extraversión y la escrupulosidad. Además, a mayor edad, mayor experiencia y nivel competitivo, modulan la expresión de dichas variables y, por consiguiente, la exposición al riesgo. No se observan diferencias significativas en cuanto al género.

The VETTONIA project aims to disseminate the rich heritage from the Iron Age of the western Iberian Peninsula and the archaeological investigations carried out on this topic in recent years. The project utilizes new technologies such as virtual tours, 3D models, and impressions to create interactive and stimulating ways to access the results of the most recent archaeological research. Using these resources, lectures and seminars are being given in various forums with diverse types of audiences to present the virtual tours and the rest of the dissemination initiatives. In addition, the project presents its different initiatives during the annual archaeological interventions developed in the oppidum of Ulaca (Solosancho, Ávila, Spain), with good reception by the attending public. The VETTONIA project represents a pioneering dissemination experience that takes advantage of the educational opportunities offered by new technologies. In the future, tools such as virtual tours to archaeological sites may prove essential in classroom teaching at different levels and could promote sustainable tourism in fragile natural environments such as those that constitute the major settlements of the Late Iron Age (ca. 400–50 BC).

This paper aims at evaluating the possibility of using wearable mobile mapping solutions as a tool for detecting deflections in timber floors. These construction systems are prone to present this type of damage due to the mechanical properties of the wood (relatively low flexural stiffness and creep behaviour). During this study we have evaluated the chance of introducing an additional stage to the general workflow. This stage is devoted to reduce the noise of the 3D point cloud by using the Statistical Outlier Removal filter in combination with a noise-reduction filter such as the Anisotropic filter, the PointCleannet or the Scored-based denoised networks (Deep Learning methods). According with our results, the use of this strategies improves the quality of the 3D point cloud form a qualitative and quantitative point of view. However, these improvements seem to be not sufficient for using this product as a universal source of information for deflection analysis. In this sense, and according with the sensor and study case exploited, this type of point clouds could be used in floors with 5-8-meter length and a relative deflection of about L/200 or higher.

Suppressing cellular signal transducers of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a common strategy that viruses use to establish infections, yet the detailed mechanism remains elusive, owing to a lack of structural information about the viral-cellular complex involved. Here, we report the cryo-EM and crystal structures of human STAT2 (hSTAT2) in complex with the non-structural protein 5 (NS5) of Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), revealing two-pronged interactions between NS5 and hSTAT2. First, the NS5 methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains form a conserved interdomain cleft harboring the coiled-coil domain of hSTAT2, thus preventing association of hSTAT2 with interferon regulatory factor 9. Second, the NS5 RdRP domain also binds the amino-terminal domain of hSTAT2. Disruption of these ZIKV NS5-hSTAT2 interactions compromised NS5-mediated hSTAT2 degradation and interferon suppression, and viral infection under interferon-competent conditions. Taken together, these results clarify the mechanism underlying the functional antagonism of STAT2 by both ZIKV and DENV.

The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar radiation model that allows us to estimate direct, diffuse, and reflected irradiance for clear sky conditions. The model includes the adaptation of the mesh to complex orography and albedo, and considers the shadows cast by the terrain and buildings. The surface mesh generation is based on surface refinement, smoothing and parameterization techniques and allows the generation of high-quality adapted meshes with a reasonable number of elements. Another key aspect of the paper is the generation of a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This high-resolution DEM is constructed from LiDAR data, and its resolution is two times more accurate than the publicly available DEMs. The validation process uses direct and global solar irradiance data obtained from pyranometers at the University of Salamanca located in an urban area affected by systematic shading from nearby buildings. This work provides an efficient protocol for studying solar resources, with particular emphasis on areas of complex orography and dense buildings where shadows can potentially make solar energy production facilities less efficient.

The presence of shadows is one of the main disadvantages of photovoltaic solar panel installations in urban environments. This article analyses their effect on solar installations performed on urban elements where the use of solar energy can be considered novel: bus shelters. For this purpose, the PVGIS tool is used in combination with a new methodology for the extraction of the shadow horizon profile from LiDAR point clouds. The results show a 29.90% and 37% reduction of calculated solar radiation using horizon profiles derived from LiDAR point clouds of 0.5 pts/m2 and 1 pt/m2, respectively, versus no horizon profile. By taking shading into account, thanks to this study it is possible to make a more realistic prediction of the use of the electrical energy generated by the sun to cover urban energy consumption in bus shelters. Results show that the energy surplus produced overall allows these elements to be converted into charging points for light electric vehicles, allowing up to 35 units per day/bus shelter to be charged. The use of bus shelters as a place to generate clean energy through solar energy and charge light vehicles makes it possible to move towards sustainable and environmentally friendly cities.

Viral infection perturbs host cells and can be used to uncover regulatory mechanisms controlling cellular responses and susceptibility to infections. Using cell biological, biochemical, and genetic tools, we reveal that influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces global transcriptional defects at the 3' ends of active host genes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) run-through into extragenic regions. Deregulated RNAPII leads to expression of aberrant RNAs (3' extensions and host-gene fusions) that ultimately cause global transcriptional downregulation of physiological transcripts, an effect influencing antiviral response and virulence. This phenomenon occurs with multiple strains of IAV, is dependent on influenza NS1 protein, and can be modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NS1 expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain. Our data identify a strategy used by IAV to suppress host gene expression and indicate that polymorphisms in IDRs of viral proteins can affect the outcome of an infection.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La covid-19 afecta principalmente al aparato respiratorio, sin embargo, también se ha descrito afectación tanto directa como indirecta en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, lo cual ocasiona una gran variedad de manifestaciones neurológicas, siendo la encefalopatía una de las más frecuentemente observadas. OBJETIVO: Se busca mostrar la utilidad del video-electroencefalograma (vEEG) en el diagnóstico de encefalopatía en pacientes ingresados por covid-19, así como su valor para determinar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo con 76 vEEG de 41 pacientes con covid-19 confirmada. Los estudios se han realizado entre los meses de marzo del 2020 y junio del 2021. Se estudió la gravedad de la enfermedad, así como sus características clínicas y neurológicas, el tratamiento farmacológico y los hallazgos electroencefalográficos según el grado de disfunción de la encefalopatía que desarrollaron estos pacientes. RESULTADOS: De los 41 pacientes, 12 (29 %) presentaron signos electroencefalográficos de disfunción cerebral leve, 15 (37 %) disfunción cerebral moderada y 14 (34 %) disfunción cerebral severa, los cuales se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: En los 76 vEEG realizados a los 41 pacientes ingresados con encefalopatías asociadas con infección por covid-19, no se observó un patrón distinto a los descritos en encefalopatías de otras etiologías. El vEEG fue útil para confirmar la sospecha clínica de una disfunción cerebral en pacientes con encefalopatías asociadas con infección por covid-19 y para asignarle un grado de severidad, confirmando su beneficio como biomarcador diagnóstico y pronóstico.

The orography of the terrain is a key factor for the electrification of vehicles, especially regarding public transport and electric buses. This work deals with the analysis of the use of mobile laser scanning, both terrestrial and aerial, for the evaluation of the orography of urban areas. First, the minimum point density required is evaluated to estimate the slope. The results show that point densities of 1 point/m2, measured with aerial laser scanning, are adequate for the task. Based on this, the design of a route for public transport is presented including the requirements concerning key transit points, maximum slope, and others. Based on the proposed route design, the transformation to an electrified route is analyzed from an economic and environmental point of view. The results show that the implementation of electric buses vs. diesel buses in cities with steep slopes (up to 7%) reduces greenhouse gas emissions (32.59%) as well as economic costs (18.10%).

The impacts of morphine and dexmedetomidine on the MAC of isoflurane were studied in rats constantly medicated with the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2. Methods: Prior to the administration of morphine, the MAC was measured in both untreated rats (MAC (ISO)) and those treated with a cannabinoid (MAC (ISO + CANN)). The effects of morphine (MAC (ISO + MOR)) and dexmedetomidine (MAC (ISO + DEX)) on untreated rats and rats treated for 21 days with the cannabinoids (MAC (ISO + CANN + MOR)) and (MAC (ISO + CANN + DEX) were also studied. Results: MAC (ISO) was 1.32 ± 0.06, and MAC (ISO + CANN) was 1.69 ± 0.09. MAC (ISO + MOR) was 0.97 ± 0.02 (26% less than MAC (ISO)). MAC (ISO + CANN + MOR) was 1.55 ± 0.08 (8% less than MAC (ISO + CANN)), MAC (ISO + DEX) was 0.68 ± 0.10 (48% less than MAC (ISO)), and MAC (ISO + CANN + DEX) was 0.67 ± 0.08 (60% less than MAC (ISO + CANN)). Conclusions: Medication with a cannabinoid for 21 days augmented the MAC of isoflurane. The sparing effect of morphine on isoflurane is lower in rats constantly medicated with a cannabinoid. The sparing effect of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane is greater in rats repeatedly medicated with a cannabinoid.

Stability of masonry constructions is highly conditioned by the geometric disposition of its elements due to its low tensile strength and great compressive mechanical properties. Under this framework, this paper attempts to evaluate the suitability of a wearable mobile mapping solution, equipped in a backpack and based on the well-known simultaneous location and mapping paradigm, for the structural diagnosis of historical constructions. To evaluate the suitability of this device, the structural analysis obtained is compared with a high precision terrestrial laser scanner, which is considered as ground truth. The Romanesque church of San Pedro (Becerril del Carpio, Spain) was selected as a study case. This construction, initially conceived in the XIIIth century, has experimented in the past a soil settlement promoting the leaning of the north wall, several plastic hinges in its barrel vault and a visible geometrical deformation. The comparison of both techniques was carried out at different levels: i) an evaluation of the time needed to obtain the point cloud of the church; ii) an accuracy assessment based on the comparison of a terrestrial network using artificial spheres as checkpoints and; iii) an evaluation of the discrepancies, in terms of safety factor and collapse topology, found during the advance numerical evaluation of the barrel vault by means of the finite element method. This comparison places this wearable mobile mapping solution as an interesting tool for the creation of advanced numerical simulations to evaluate the structural stability of historical constructions.

This review examines the available data regarding the positive effects of microencapsulated essential oils (EOs) on the nutrition, metabolism, and possibly the methane emission of horses. A literature review was conducted on the effect of microencapsulated (EOs) on the health of horses. The information comprises articles published in recent years in indexed journals. The results indicate that mixtures of microencapsulated EOs may be beneficial to equine health due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, as well as their effects on enteric methane production, nutrient absorption, and immune system enhancement. Moreover, encapsulation stabilizes substances such as EOs in small doses, primarily by combining them with other ingredients.

As stated the Nara Document on Authenticity and the last Restoration Charter, valorisation of Cultural Heritage sites requires to understand its tangible and intangible values. These values need to be considered as variables that change along the time and space, and they are the result of the interaction between the cultural heritage assets with its history (civilization, societies, etc.). Under this basis, the research project SmartWall attempts to develop a new platform for the valorisation of the Medieval Wall of Ávila, and thus the transmission of its tangible and intangible values to the society. To this end, SmartWall uses an efficient combination between 360 images, 3D/4D models and a geospatial database. This combination provides the following capabilities: i) upgrading the information in real-time, adding, modifying or deleting any type of document; ii) filtering the information in accordance with specific criteria and; iii) managing the information according with different profiles of the user (e.g. expert user, students and tourists). All this information is boosted with a direct link to a 4D model of the Wall, which allows analysing any aspect of the Wall through time. The development and validation of the SmartWall platform was performed in the Alcázar Gate, one of the most emblematic parts of the Medieval Wall of Avila.

This paper presents the results of a complex three-dimensional reconstruction of the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Ávila, Spain) as an example of a successful process of verticalization from point clouds to a comprehensive computer-aided design (CAD) model. The reconstruction was carried out using the novel and advanced wearable mobile mapping system ZEB-REVO in combination with a lifting pole, in order to cover the whole geometry of the temple and, also, to model the different constructive elements. To this end, a set of good practices was followed, which allowed for passing from reality to the CAD model, such as the use of closed loops or even the use of different parametric and non-parametric strategies to capture the real geometry of the elements. As a result, this paper outlines the main guidelines for passing from point clouds to comprehensive CAD models, the former being useful for the application of smart preventive conservation processes, heritage building information models or even advanced numerical simulations.

Summary: The Toll/IL-1R-domain-containing adaptor protein SARM1 is expressed primarily in the brain, where it mediates axonal degeneration. Roles for SARM1 in TLR signaling, viral infection, inflammasome activation, and chemokine and Xaf1 expression have also been described. Much of the evidence for SARM1 function relies on SARM1-deficient mice generated in 129 ESCs and backcrossed to B6. The Sarm1 gene lies in a gene-rich region encompassing Xaf1 and chemokine loci, which remain 129 in sequence. We therefore generated additional knockout strains on the B6 background, confirming the role of SARM1 in axonal degeneration and WNV infection, but not in VSV or LACV infection, or in chemokine or Xaf1 expression. Sequence variation in proapoptotic Xaf1 between B6 and 129 results in coding changes and distinct splice variants, which may account for phenotypes previously attributed to SARM1. Reevaluation of phenotypes in these strains will be critical for understanding the function of SARM1. : Existing C57BL/6J Sarm1−/− mouse lines were made on the 129 background, and genes surrounding the knockout locus remain 129 in sequence. Uccellini et al. show that CRISPR mouse lines retain decreased axonal degeneration and increased WNV susceptibility, but not VSV or LACV viral phenotypes or chemokine or Xaf1 expression phenotypes. Keywords: SARM1, TLR signaling, viral infection, chemokines, Xaf1, Wallerian degeneration

The integration of the fourth dimension into the geospatial data allows to generate a diachronic model of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets, namely, a set of 3D models to represent it in various historical phases. This kind of reconstruction pursues a better understanding of the CH site/scenario, enriching the historical hypotheses as well as contributing to the conservation and decisionmaking process. Although the new geotechnologies have reduced the amount of fieldwork, the generation of 4D model implies the interpretation of heterogeneous historical information sources and their integration. However, this situation could reach a critical point when the study elements are no longer present. Their reconstruction will allow the digital preservation and maintenance of our culture. The main challenge is to harmonize the different historical and archaeological data sources available in relation with the current remains, to recover the lost CH assets with a high degree of reliability. This manuscript aims to examine the study case of a diachronic reconstruction by means of the use of the geotechnology Mobile Laser System (MLS) and reverse engineering techniques for a lost urban CH element, the citadel or Alcázar Gate of Ávila. Within this aim, the derived product is evaluated in terms of the achieved accuracy to assess its suitability on the basis of constructive interpretations required to integrate the historical sources in relation to current remains and the surrounding.

Review: Había mucha neblina o humo o no sé qué, by Cristina Rivera Garza.

This paper sums up the main contribution derived from the thesis entitled "Multispectral imaging for the analysis of materials and pathologies in civil engineering, constructions and natural spaces" awarded by CIPA-ICOMOS for its connection with the preservation of Cultural Heritage. This thesis is framed within close-range remote sensing approaches by the fusion of sensors operating in the optical domain (visible to shortwave infrared spectrum). In the field of heritage preservation, multispectral imaging is a suitable technique due to its non-destructive nature and its versatility. It combines imaging and spectroscopy to analyse materials and land covers and enables the use of a variety of different geomatic sensors for this purpose. These sensors collect both spatial and spectral information for a given scenario and a specific spectral range, so that, their smaller storage units save the spectral properties of the radiation reflected by the surface of interest. The main goal of this research work is to characterise different construction materials as well as the main pathologies of Cultural Heritage elements by combining active and passive sensors recording data in different ranges. Conclusions about the suitability of each type of sensor and spectral range are drawn in relation to each particular case study and damage. It should be emphasised that results are not limited to images, since 3D intensity data from laser scanners can be integrated with 2D data from passive sensors obtaining high quality products due to the added value that metric brings to multispectral images.

La generalització dels mitjans massius i tecnològics ha ocasionat una transformació notòria en la societat, en la cultura i, per tant, en l'epistemologia. De la mateixa manera, l'esfera artística afronta aquestes variacions, no només en la seva naturalesa, sinó també en les seves tècniques d'elaboració. Aquest assaig proposa analitzar com el programari està actuant en les escriptures, de la mateixa manera que afecta les relacions amb els objectes a l’espai virtual. Per a això proposo el concepte 'escriptures del programari' per a examinar aquestes escriptures com una resposta política. Concretament investigaré sobre el glitch –un efecte inesperat en els videojocs a causa d'un problema en el codi– en certs casos de la literatura contemporània en espanyol.

The convergence between new technologies and creation methods has provided the emergence of textualities linked to the reading on the screen and the digital environment. For their part, Robert Fitterman and Vanessa Place point out that these formats have contributed to the impulse of conceptual writings, not only in an aesthetic sense, but also as a reply against the institutional and political control. Likewise, software, as a materiality, not as a simple tool, builds allegoric writing forms, where its own action dynamics and protocols are at the service of concepts. In this paper, we analyse these types of post-conceptual writings produced in the Spanish letters, as well as the use of creative strategies and programmes that show a new logic in the publication and circulation of the art object. Finally, we will focus our interest in the Mexican environment for its inherent aesthetic assertion to the critical proposal of the system.

The RNA helicase LGP2 (Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2) is a non-signaling member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), whose pivotal role on innate immune responses against RNA viruses is being increasingly uncovered. LGP2 is known to work in synergy with melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) to promote the antiviral response induced by picornavirus infection. Here, we describe the activity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Leader protease (Lpro) targeting LGP2 for cleavage. When LGP2 and Lpro were co-expressed, cleavage products were observed in an Lpro dose-dependent manner while co-expression with a catalytically inactive Lpro mutant had no effect on LGP2 levels or pattern. We further show that Lpro localizes and immunoprecipitates with LGP2 in transfected cells supporting their interaction within the cytoplasm. Evidence of LGP2 proteolysis was also detected during FMDV infection. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of LGP2 overexpression on FMDV growth observed was reverted when Lpro was co-expressed, concomitant with lower levels of IFN-β mRNA and antiviral activity in those cells. The Lpro target site in LGP2 was identified as an RGRAR sequence in a conserved helicase motif whose replacement to EGEAE abrogated LGP2 cleavage by Lpro. Taken together, these data suggest that LGP2 cleavage by the Leader protease of aphthoviruses may represent a novel antagonistic mechanism for immune evasion.

Reseña del libro El cristal se venga: textos, artículos e iluminaciones de José Luis Brea, de José Luis Brea (edición de María Virginia Jaua)

Accurate studies of cultural heritage structures usually require the application of combined techniques to understand its structural behaviour. It is in this context, where the article present a set of procedures based on the dual combination of photogrammetric methodologies (image-based modelling and digital image correlation) and the finite element method to understand the structural behaviour of these structures. Through the interpretation of the different obtained products, by the defined approach, it is possible to estimate and evaluate the causes of the structural damage that the analysed infrastructure can suffer and also design subsequent restoration mechanisms, always from a perspective of minimal intrusion to the structure. This case of study aims to validate the methodology presented, using as an example a case of vernacular architecture (a dome) in Sejas de Aliste (Zamora, Spain).

Review of the book "Narrativas del simulacro: videocultura, tecnología y literatura en Argentina y Uruguay" written by Jesús Montoya.

A single creative galaxy approaches and combines both messages and contents coming from all fields and disciplines. Transmedia storytelling joins this procedual universe and presents strategies linked with technoligical and brain structures. This text goes into detail about its deterritorialized essence from the analysis of the works Alba Cromm, by Vicente Luis Mora, and La muerte me da, by Cristina Rivera Garza.

Review of the book "Librerías" written by Jorge Carrión.

Cultural heritage (CH) documentation is essential for the study and promotion of CH assets/sites, and provides a way of transmitting knowledge about heritage to future generations. The integration of the fourth dimension into geospatial datasets enables generating a diachronic model of CH elements, namely, a set of three-dimensional (3D) models to represent their evolution in various historical phases. The enhanced four-dimensional (4D) modeling (3D plus time) pursues a better understanding of the CH scenario, enriching historical hypotheses as well as contributing to the conservation and decision-making process. Although new geomatic techniques have reduced the amount of fieldwork, when put together, the geometric and temporal dimensions imply the interpretation of heterogeneous historical information sources and their integration. However, this situation could reach a critical point when the study elements are no longer present. The main challenge is to harmonize the different historical and archaeological data sources that are available with the current remains in order to graphically rebuild and model the lost CH assets with a high degree of reliability. Moreover, 4D web visualization is a great way to disclose the CH information and cultural identity. Additionally, it will serve as a basis to perform simulations of possible future risks or changes that can happen during planned or hypothetical restoration processes. This paper aims to examine the study case of a diachronic reconstruction by means of a mobile laser system (MLS) and reverse modeling techniques for a lost urban CH element: the citadel or Alcázar gate of Ávila. Within this aim, the final model is evaluated in terms of the consistency of the historical sources to assess its suitability considering the constructive interpretations that are required to integrate heterogenous data sources. Moreover, geometric modeling is evaluated regarding the current remains and its surroundings. Finally, a web 4D viewer is presented for its dissemination and publicity. This paper is an extended and improved version of our paper that was published in the 2018 ISPRS Technical Commission II Symposium, Riva del Garda, Italy, 3–7 June 2018.

This paper analyzes the structure of the data collected in the population dependent or receives its revenues in the use of animal-drawn vehicle, to extract an economic model for the development of this activity (which is currently done with these vehicles and is unbusinesslike) introducing formal parameters, as well as replacement of the vehicle analyzes the development of this activity in this population.

Review of the book "Literatura más allá de la nación" written by Francisca Noguerol (et al.).

Type I interferon (IFN) stimulates expression and conjugation of the ubiquitin-like modifier IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), thereby restricting replication of a wide variety of viruses. Conjugation of ISG15 is critical for its antiviral activity in mice. HECT domain and RCC1-like domain containing protein 5 (HerC5) mediates global ISGylation in human cells, whereas its closest relative, HerC6, does not. So far, the requirement of HerC5 for ISG15-mediated antiviral activity has remained unclear. One of the main obstacles to address this issue has been that no HerC5 homologue exists in mice, hampering the generation of a good knock-out model. However, mice do express a homologue of HerC6 that, in contrast to human HerC6, can mediate ISGylation.Here we report that the mouse HerC6 N-terminal RCC1-like domain (RLD) allows ISG15 conjugation when replacing the corresponding domain in the human HerC6 homologue. In addition, sequences in the C-terminal HECT domain of mouse HerC6 also appear to facilitate efficient ISGylation. Mouse HerC6 paralleled human HerC5 in localization and IFN-inducibility. Moreover, HerC6 knock-down in mouse cells abolished global ISGylation, whereas its over expression enhanced the IFNβ promoter and conferred antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Together these data indicate that HerC6 is likely the functional counterpart of human HerC5 in mouse cells, suggesting that HerC6(-/-) mice may provide a feasible model to study the role of human HerC5 in antiviral responses.

The objective of the study was to conduct a review of the pharmacological regulation and pharmacokinetic parameters of firocoxib when administered orally or intravenously in horses. A search for literature was done in SCOPUS and PubMed for studies that had to evaluate the pharmacological regulation as well as the pharmacokinetic parameters of firocoxib when administered in horses. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretics, and antiendotoxic effects. The newly developed is selective to COX2 characterized by less adverse effects in veterinary patients when administered at the recommended doses and do not exceed the established prescribed time. Firocoxib is authorized by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pain in horses, whereas for humans, there is still no approval. Controversy has arisen because the administration of the same pharmaceutical presentation in horses and dogs has pharmacokinetic differences between animal species. However, special attention must be paid to pharmacokinetic differences between species like in horses and dogs. In the case of the horse, the dosage is 0.1 mg/kg in single dose or up to 14 days in oral paste formulation and can keep maintained on the same concentration for a period of 7–14 days in oral tablet formulation. Thorough knowledge of pharmacological regulations and pharmacokinetic parameters, it allows the posology and effective application of firocoxib in pathologies associated with chronic pain, avoiding the indiscriminate use by owners and in some cases veterinarians, thus reducing the negative impacts on horse's health. • Drugs play an important role in control and use in horses. • New generation of selective COX-2 NSAIDs has brought benefits. • Firocoxib accepted in veterinary practice because of the pharmacokinetic properties. • NSAIDs have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretics, and antiendotoxic effects. • Firocoxib associated with chronic pain, avoiding the indiscriminate in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laparotomy surgical procedure allows for the identification and correction of intestinal lesions associated with acute abdomen in horses. The clinician relies on various laparotomy techniques to diagnose and treat this syndrome, and to date, the postsurgical effects of these techniques have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of jejunal manipulation during three laparotomy techniques through physical and clinical parameters and echography. Fifteen healthy horses were randomly assigned to three groups: animals in G 1 (n = 5) were subjected to an exploratory laparotomy, animals in G 2 (n = 5) to a laparotomy with an enterotomy, and animals in G 3 (n = 5) to a laparotomy with an enterectomy. Degree of pain, jejunal wall thickness, and clinical parameters were evaluated before and after surgery. Horses in G 3 had higher heart rates, respiratory frequency, degree of pain, and jejunal wall thickness compared with G 1 . Clinical variables during the postsurgical period were compared among the laparotomy techniques, and higher values of erythrocytes, leucocytes, neutrophils, and proteins were found in horses belonging to G 3 compared to those in G 1 . Intestinal manipulation during the surgical procedure altered the physical and clinical parameters, as well as the results of the echography evaluation, with more significant effects from laparotomy with enterectomy. In the postsurgical period, the heart rate of horses in G 3 was higher ( P = .02) than the values obtained in G 1 and G 2 . Upon the evaluation of degree of pain, statistically significant differences ( P = .04) were identified between horses in G 1 versus G 3. G 3 animals presented a higher degree of pain. Regarding the erythrocytes (L/L), higher values were measured in G 3 ( P = .001) in comparison with G 1 and G 2 . These results suggest that meticulous tissue handling is essential to minimize intestinal trauma and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to review the safety of the detomidine (DET) in horses and the effects of yohimbine (YOH) over pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and behavioral parameters in horses sedated with DET. A literature search was made on PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, United States National Library, Bethesda, MD) and SCOPUS (Elsevier Research Intelligence) for studies that had evaluated the effects of DET or YOH on clinics pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters in horses plus experimental studies with the effect of YOH on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and behavioral parameters in horses sedated with DET. Additionally, information was obtained from studies where DET or YOH was administered alone or in their combination in treatment of horses. Three investigations described the pharmacokinetics or physiologic effects of YOH when administered after DET to reverse the behavioral and physiologic effects of DET. The studies with DET showed that it was more absorbed when administered intramuscular than when administered sublingual. In those studies, they noted important implications, both from therapeutics and regulatory prospective. They demonstrated intravenously administered DET is effective in sedation with effects on cardiovascular effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]