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3. Bloodstream infections: trends and evolution of incidence and etiology in a 12-year period (2010–2021).

Author

Alonso-Menchén, David, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Alcalá, Luis, Soriano-Martín, Ana, Cercenado, Emilia, Burillo, Almudena, Serrano-Lobo, Julia, Pérez-Latorre, Leire, Muñoz, Patricia, and Bouza, Emilio

Subjects
*KLEBSIELLA infections, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *CATHETER-related infections, *COVID-19 pandemic, *DRUG resistance in microorganisms
Abstract

Introduction: The epidemiological evolution of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the last decade is not clearly defined. Our aim was to analyze the changes in the workload in our institution and to describe the evolution of the incidence and etiology of BSIs in a 12-year period, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All blood cultures received in the laboratory of a tertiary general hospital between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed. Bloodstream infection episodes refer to each episode of bacteremia or fungemia in each patient. Incidence rates per 1000 admissions and per 100,000 population were calculated. Results: No significant changes in the incidence of BSI episodes/1000 admissions were observed (mean, 31.1), while estimated population-based incidences showed declining trends (mean, 182.8/100,000 inhabitants). There was a slight increase in BSI episodes per 1000 admissions caused by Gram-negatives (mean, 16.6/1000 admissions) and E. coli was the most frequent pathogen (mean, 8.5/1000 admissions). There was no significant rise in episodes caused by ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae, with a decline in those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. A spike in BSI episodes, fungal BSIs and catheter-related infections was detected in 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions: No clear increase in the incidence of BSI episodes was detected in our center over this period. Gram-negatives are the most frequent etiology, with no clear rise in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. The COVID-19 pandemic accounted for a small increase in BSI episodes in 2020, probably related to the increase of catheter-related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Comparative study of the etiology of nosocomial bacteremic pneumonia in ventilated and non-ventilated patients: a 10-year experience in an institution

Author

Bouza, Emilio, primary, Guillen-Zabala, Helmuth, additional, Rojas, Adriana, additional, Cañada, Gabriela, additional, Cercenado, Emilia, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Díez, Cristina, additional, Puente, Luis, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, and Galar, Alicia, additional

Published
2023
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7. Significant increase of CTX-M-15-ST131 and emergence of CTX-M-27-ST131 Escherichia coli high-risk clones causing healthcare-associated bacteraemia of urinary origin in Spain (ITUBRAS-2 project)

Author

Becerra-Aparicio, Federico, primary, Gómez-Zorrilla, Silvia, additional, Hernández-García, Marta, additional, Gijón, Desiré, additional, Siverio, Ana, additional, Berbel, Dàmaris, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Cercenado, Emilia, additional, Rivera, Alba, additional, de Malet, Ana, additional, Xercavins, Mariona, additional, Ruiz de Gopegui, Enrique, additional, Canoura-Fernández, Luis, additional, Martínez, José Antonio, additional, Seral, Cristina, additional, Del Pozo, José Luis, additional, Cotarelo, Manuel, additional, Díaz-Regañón, Jazmín, additional, Cantón, Rafael, additional, Oliver, Antonio, additional, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, additional, and Ruiz-Garbajosa, Patricia, additional

Published
2023
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9. The Gastrointestinal Tract Is Pinpointed as a Reservoir of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis Genotypes Found in Blood and Intra-Abdominal Samples

Author

Mesquida, Aina, primary, Machado, Marina, additional, Dávila-Cherres, Lorena, additional, Vicente, Teresa, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Alcalá, Luis, additional, Reigadas, Elena, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Guinea, Jesús, additional, and Escribano, Pilar, additional

Published
2023
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10. Non-Candida isolates from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples: data derived from a multicentre prospective study conducted in Madrid

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, primary, Gómez, Ana, additional, Machado, Marina, additional, Alcalá, Luis, additional, Reigadas, Elena, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Pérez-Ayala, Ana, additional, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa, Elia, additional, González-Romo, Fernando, additional, Cuétara, María Soledad, additional, García-Esteban, Coral, additional, Quiles-Melero, Inmaculada, additional, Zurita, Nelly Daniela, additional, Muñoz-Algarra, María, additional, Durán-Valle, María Teresa, additional, Sánchez-García, Aída, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Escribano, Pilar, additional, and Guinea, Jesús, additional

Published
2023
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11. Clinical impact of time to results from the microbiology laboratory in bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (TIME-CPE STUDY)

Author

De La Villa, Sofía, primary, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Sánchez-Martínez, Celia, additional, Cercenado, Emilia, additional, Padilla, Belén, additional, Álvarez-Uría, Ana, additional, Aguilera-Alonso, David, additional, Bermejo, Esther, additional, Ramos, Rafael, additional, Alcalá, Luis, additional, Marín, Mercedes, additional, Valerio, Maricela, additional, Urbina, Luciana, additional, and Muñoz, Patricia, additional

Published
2023
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12. Emprendimiento, otra manera de visualizar el futuro laboral desde la Formación Profesional

Author

Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, and Lopez Vidal, Feliu

Subjects
pedagogical methodologies, education, teachers, aprenentatge actiu, entrepreneurial skills, business development, Entrepreneurship--Study and teaching), entrepreneurship, Emprenedoria--Ensenyament, innovation, Ensenyament i aprenentatge::Formació professional [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Emprenedoria, active learning, metodologies pedagògiques, creativitat, teaching guide, professional training, desenvolupament empresarial, innovació, formació professional, docents, guia d'ensenyament, educació, habilitats emprenedores, creativity
Abstract

El emprendimiento ha ganado gran interés en la educación y la sociedad debido a su capacidad para fomentar la creatividad, la innovación y el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Además, puede contribuir al desarrollo económico y social al generar empleo y mejorar la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, muchos profesores enfrentan dificultades para enseñarlo debido a la falta de conocimientos y recursos específicos. Por lo tanto, se necesita una guía de enseñanza del emprendimiento para proporcionar a los profesores las herramientas necesarias. Esta guía tiene como objetivo integrar el emprendimiento en los planes de estudio y ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar habilidades emprendedoras. No solo beneficiará a los profesores en su enseñanza, sino que también impactará positivamente a los estudiantes, brindándoles conocimientos y habilidades relevantes para su futuro profesional y personal. Además, promoverá la cultura emprendedora y motivará a los estudiantes a convertirse en empresarios exitosos, lo cual tendrá un impacto en el desarrollo económico y social del país. En resumen, la guía de enseñanza del emprendimiento para profesores es una valiosa herramienta que mejora la educación y tiene un impacto positivo en la sociedad en general.

Published
2023

13. Emprendimiento, otra manera de visualizar el futuro laboral desde la Formación Profesional

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Lopez Vidal, Feliu, Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Lopez Vidal, Feliu, and Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos

Abstract

El emprendimiento ha ganado gran interés en la educación y la sociedad debido a su capacidad para fomentar la creatividad, la innovación y el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Además, puede contribuir al desarrollo económico y social al generar empleo y mejorar la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, muchos profesores enfrentan dificultades para enseñarlo debido a la falta de conocimientos y recursos específicos. Por lo tanto, se necesita una guía de enseñanza del emprendimiento para proporcionar a los profesores las herramientas necesarias. Esta guía tiene como objetivo integrar el emprendimiento en los planes de estudio y ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar habilidades emprendedoras. No solo beneficiará a los profesores en su enseñanza, sino que también impactará positivamente a los estudiantes, brindándoles conocimientos y habilidades relevantes para su futuro profesional y personal. Además, promoverá la cultura emprendedora y motivará a los estudiantes a convertirse en empresarios exitosos, lo cual tendrá un impacto en el desarrollo económico y social del país. En resumen, la guía de enseñanza del emprendimiento para profesores es una valiosa herramienta que mejora la educación y tiene un impacto positivo en la sociedad en general.

Published
2023

15. Clinical impact of time to results from the microbiology laboratory in bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (TIME-CPE STUDY).

Author

Villa, Sofía De La, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Sánchez-Martínez, Celia, Cercenado, Emilia, Padilla, Belén, Álvarez-Uría, Ana, Aguilera-Alonso, David, Bermejo, Esther, Ramos, Rafael, Alcalá, Luis, Marín, Mercedes, Valerio, Maricela, Urbina, Luciana, and Muñoz, Patricia

Subjects
*DIAGNOSTIC microbiology, *MICROBIOLOGY, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *BACTEREMIA, *DIAGNOSIS methods
Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the impact of time to results (TTR) on the outcome of patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (CPE-BSI). Methods Times-series study conducted from January 2014 to December 2021, selecting patients with first CPE-BSI episodes. Periods of intervention were defined according to implementation of diagnostic bundle tests in the microbiology laboratory: pre-intervention (January 2014–December 2017) and post-intervention (January 2018–December 2021). TTR was defined as time elapsed from positivity time of the blood culture bottles to physicians' notification of CPE-BSI episodes, and was evaluated in patients who received inappropriate empirical and switched to appropriate targeted treatment (switch group). Analysis of a composite unfavourable outcome (mortality at Day 30 and/or persistent and/or recurrent bacteraemia) was performed for the total episodes and in the switch group. Results One hundred and nine episodes were analysed: 66 pre-intervention and 43 post-intervention. Compared with pre-intervention, patients in the post-intervention period were younger (68 versus 63 years, P = 0.04), had INCREMENT score > 7 (31.8% versus 53.5%, P  = 0.02) and unfavourable outcome (37.9% versus 20.9%, P  = 0.04). Proportion of TTR > 30 h was more frequent pre-intervention than post-intervention (61.7% versus 35.5%, P  = 0.02). In multivariate analysis of the 109 episodes, source other than urinary or biliary (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.11–6.86) was associated with unfavourable outcome, while targeted appropriate treatment trended to being protective (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–1.00). Considering the switch group (n  = 78), source other than urinary or biliary (OR 14.9, 95% CI 3.25–69.05) and TTR > 30 h (OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.29–17.22) were associated with unfavourable outcome. Conclusions Decreased TTR in the post-intervention period was associated with the outcome in patients with CPE-BSI episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Abiotrophia spp. and Granulicatella spp. Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Perspective

Author

Estévez, Agustín, primary, Marín, Mercedes, primary, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, primary, Machado, Marina, primary, Alcalá, Luís, primary, Pinilla, Blanca, primary, Delgado, Antonia, primary, González-Ramallo, Víctor, primary, Pedraz, Álvaro, primary, Martínez-Sellés, Manuel, primary, Bouza, Emilio, primary, Valerio, Maricela, primary, and Muñoz, Patricia, primary

Published
2022
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17. Evidence of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida parapsilosis Genotypes Spreading across Hospitals Located in Madrid, Spain and Harboring the Y132F ERG11p Substitution

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, primary, Gómez, Ana, additional, Alcalá, Luis, additional, Reigadas, Elena, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Pérez-Ayala, Ana, additional, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa, Elia, additional, González-Romo, Fernando, additional, Merino-Amador, Paloma, additional, Cuétara, María Soledad, additional, García-Esteban, Coral, additional, Quiles-Melero, Inmaculada, additional, Zurita, Nelly Daniela, additional, Muñoz-Algarra, María, additional, Sánchez-Romero, Isabel, additional, Durán-Valle, María Teresa, additional, Sánchez-García, Aída, additional, Alcoceba, Eva, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Escribano, Pilar, additional, and Guinea, Jesús, additional

Published
2022
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21. Incidence of Candidemia Is Higher in COVID-19 versus Non-COVID-19 Patients, but Not Driven by Intrahospital Transmission

Author

Machado, Marina, Estévez, Agustín, Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, Escribano, Pilar, Alonso Fernández, Roberto, Valerio, Maricela, Padilla, Belén, Bouza, Emilio, Muñoz, Patricia, Machado, Marina, Estévez, Agustín, Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, Escribano, Pilar, Alonso Fernández, Roberto, Valerio, Maricela, Padilla, Belén, Bouza, Emilio, and Muñoz, Patricia

Abstract

There is scarce information on the actual incidence of candidemia in COVID-19 patients. In addition, comparative studies of candidemia episodes in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients are heterogeneous. Here, we assessed the real incidence, epidemiology, and etiology of candidemia in COVID-19 patients, and compared them with those without COVID-19 (2020 vs. 2019 and 2020, respectively). We also genotyped all C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis isolates (n = 88), causing candidemia in both groups, providing for the first time a genotypic characterization of isolates gathered in patients with either COVID-19 or non-COVID-19. Incidence of candidemia was higher in patients with COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 (4.73 vs. 0.85 per 1000 admissions; 3.22 vs. 1.14 per 10,000 days of stay). No substantial intergroup differences were found, including mortality. Genotyping proved the presence of a low number of patients involved in clusters, allowing us to rule out rampant patient-to-patient Candida transmission. The four patients, involved in two clusters, had catheter-related candidemia diagnosed in the first COVID-19 wave, which demonstrates breaches in catheter management policies occurring in such an overwhelming situation. In conclusion, the incidence of candidemia in patients with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in those without COVID-19. However, genotyping shows that this increase is not due to uncontrolled intrahospital transmission., Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/FEDER, Miguel Servet contract, Depto. de Medicina, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Published
2022

26. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Identifies the Abdominal Cavity as a Source of Candida glabrata-Resistant Isolates

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, primary, Mesquida, Aina, additional, Gómez, Ana, additional, Machado, Marina, additional, Martín-Rabadán, Pablo, additional, Alcalá, Luis, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Reigadas, Elena, additional, Vicente, Teresa, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Escribano, Pilar, additional, and Guinea, Jesús, additional

Published
2021
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28. Antifungal resistance in Candida spp within the intra-abdominal cavity: study of resistance acquisition in patients with serial isolates

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, Mesquida, Aina, Gómez, Ana, Machado, Marina, Alcalá, Luis, Reigadas, Elena, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Muñoz, Patricia, Escribano, Pilar, Guinea, Jesús, Pérez-Ayala, Ana, Muñoz, Rosaura Pérez, González, María del Carmen Vera, Gómez-García De La Pedrosa, Elia, Romo, Fernando González, Merino-Amador, Paloma, Cuétara, María Soledad, Muñoz Clemente, Oscar Manuel, Berenguer, Víctor Antón, Sánchez-García, Aída, García-Esteban, Coral, Lobato, Oscar Cuevas, Bernal, Guadalupe, Zurita, Nelly, Cobos, Ainhoa Gutiérrez, Muñoz-Algarra, María, Romero, Isabel Sánchez, Quiles-Melero, Inmaculada, San Juan Delgado, Florinda, Durán-Valle, María Teresa, Romero, Yolanda Gil, Fraile Torres, Arturo Manuel, Martínez-Quintero, Gabriela Andrea, Gómez-García de la Pedrosa, Elia, González-Romo, Fernando, Merino, Paloma, and Zurita, Nelly Daniela

Published
2023
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33. A Large Multicenter Prospective Study of Community-Onset Healthcare Associated Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections in the Era of Multidrug Resistance: Even Worse than Hospital Acquired Infections?

Author

Gómez-Zorrilla, Silvia, Becerra-Aparicio, Federico, López Montesinos, Inmaculada, Ruiz de Gopegui, Enrique, Grau, Inmaculada, Pintado, Vicente, Padilla, Belén, Benito, Natividad, Boix-Palop, Lucía, Fariñas, Maria Carmen, Peñaranda, María, Gamallo, Maria Rocío, Martinez, Jose Antonio, Morte-Romea, Elena, Del Pozo, Jose Luis, Durán-Jordá, Xavier, Díaz-Regañón, Jazmin, López-Mendoza, Diego, Cantón, Rafael, Oliver, Antonio, Ruiz-Garbajosa, Patricia, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Siverio, Ana, Gijón, Desiré, Merino, Irene, López-Causapé, Carla, Sabé, Nuria, Shaw, Evelyn, Berbel, Dámaris, Tubau Quintano, Fe, Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Cercenado, Emilia, Sendra, Elena, Rubio, Verónica, Rivera, Alba, Calvo, Esther, Badía, Cristina, Xercavins, Mariona, de Malet, Ana, Canoura-Fernández, Luis, Salvo, Soledad, Paño-Pardo, Jose Ramón, Carmona-Torre, Francisco, and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Hospital-acquired infections, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Proportional hazards model, Urinary system, Antibiotics, Logistic regression, medicine.disease, Urinary tract infections, Multiple drug resistance, Infectious Diseases, Multidrug resistant, Bacteremia, Internal medicine, Medicine, Bloodstream infections, business, Prospective cohort study, Community-onset healthcare-associated infections, Cohort study, Original Research
Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare-associated (HCA) infections represent a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to compare community-onset healthcare associated (CO-HCA) bacteremic urinary tract infections (BUTI) and hospital-acquired (HA)-BUTI with special focus on multidrug resistances (MDR) and outcomes. Methods: ITUBRAS-project is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with HCA-BUTI. All consecutive hospitalized adult patients with CO-HCA-BUTI or HA-BUTI episode were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: patients \ 18 years old, non-hospitalized patients, bacteremia from another source or primary bacteremia, non-healthcare related infections and infections caused by unusual pathogens of the urinary tract. Th main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality with day 1 as the first day of positive blood culture. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with clinical cure at hospital discharge and with receiving inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment. Cox regression was used to evaluate 30-day all-cause mortality. Results: Four hundred forty-three episodes were included, 223 CO-HCA-BUTI. Patients with CO-HCA-BUTI were older (p \ 0.001) and had more underlying diseases (p = 0.029) than those with HA-BUTI. The severity of the acute illness (Pitt score) was also higher in CO-HCABUTI (p = 0.026). Overall, a very high rate of MDR profiles (271/443, 61.2%) was observed, with no statistical differences between groups. In multivariable analysis, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with MDR profile (aOR 3.35; 95% CI 1.77?6.35), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.27?6.44) and Charlson index (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01?1.23). Mortality was not associated with the site of acquisition of the infection or the presence of MDR profile. However, in the logistic regression analyses patients with CO-HCA-BUTI (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40?0.93) were less likely to present clinical cure. Conclusion: The rate of MDR infections was worryingly high in our study. No differences in MDR rates were found between CO-HCA-BUTI and HA-BUTI, in the probability of receiving inappropriate empirical treatment or in 30-day mortality. However, CO-HCA-BUTIs were associated with worse clinical cure. Funding. This study and the journal’s Rapid Service Fee are sponsored and funded by MSD Spain. The study was also supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0004, RD16/ 0016/0005, RD16/0016/0007, RD16/0016/0010, RD16/0016/0011 and RD16/0016/0015), co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ (ERDF), Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020.

Published
2021

35. Blood and intra-abdominal Candida spp. from a multicentre study conducted in Madrid using EUCAST: emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis, low echinocandin resistance and absence of Candida auris.

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, Gómez, Ana, Machado, Marina, Alcalá, Luis, Reigadas, Elena, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Pérez-Ayala, Ana, Pedrosa, Elia Gómez-García De La, González-Romo, Fernando, Cuétara, María Soledad, García-Esteban, Coral, Quiles-Melero, Inmaculada, Zurita, Nelly Daniela, Muñoz-Algarra, María, Durán-Valle, María Teresa, Sánchez-García, Aída, Muñoz, Patricia, Escribano, Pilar, Guinea, Jesús, and Group, the CANDIMAD Study

Abstract

Objectives: We prospectively monitored the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples in patients admitted to hospitals in the Madrid area.Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, we prospectively collected incident isolates [one per species, patient and compartment (blood cultures versus intra-abdominal samples)] from patients admitted to any of 16 hospitals located in Madrid. We studied the antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, triazoles, micafungin, anidulafungin and ibrexafungerp following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 procedure.Results: A total of 2107 Candida spp. isolates (1895 patients) from blood cultures (51.7%) and intra-abdominal samples were collected. Candida albicans, the Candida glabrata complex, the Candida parapsilosis complex, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei accounted for 96.9% of the isolates; in contrast, Candida auris was undetected. Fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was higher in blood cultures than in intra-abdominal samples (9.1% versus 8.2%; P > 0.05), especially for the C. parapsilosis complex (16.6% versus 3.6%, P < 0.05), whereas echinocandin resistance tended to be lower in blood cultures (0.5% versus 1.0%; P > 0.05). Resistance rates have risen, particularly for fluconazole in blood culture isolates, which increased sharply in 2021. Ibrexafungerp showed in vitro activity against most isolates. Species distributions and resistance rates varied among hospitals.Conclusions: Whereas no C. auris isolates were detected, fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates have been spreading across the region and this has pulled up the rate of fluconazole resistance. In contrast, the rate of echinocandin resistance continues to be low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. Ausencia de relación entre el genotipo y la virulencia en especies de Candida

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, García-Rodríguez, Julio, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez García, Parisi, Gabriella, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Muñoz, Patricia, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, Escribano, Pilar, Díaz-García, Judith, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, García-Rodríguez, Julio, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez García, Parisi, Gabriella, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Muñoz, Patricia, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, and Escribano, Pilar

Abstract

Background: The virulence of isolates among different Candida species causing candidemia may play a role in the prognosis of the patients. Furthermore, the potential relationship between genotype and virulence is still unclear and need to be further studied. Aims: We aim to assess the relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida species using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model. Methods: One hundred and ninety-four isolates from 68 clusters (Candida albicans, 114/41; Candida parapsilosis, 74/24; Candida tropicalis, 6/3) were compared against the same number of each species singleton genotypes in terms of survival of G. mellonella larvae. Results: The median of survival and the IQR ranges of clusters and singleton were as follows: C. albicans (2 days, IQR 1.5–2 vs. 2 days, IQR 1–2.25), C. parapsilosis (2 days, IQR 1.5–2.6 vs. 2 days, IQR 2–3.3), and C. tropicalis (1 day, IQR 1–3.5 vs. 2 days, IQR 2–3.5; p < 0.05). High intra-cluster variability in terms of median of survival was found regardless the species. Conclusions: No relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida was observed with the G. mellonella model.

Published
2021

37. Análisis de la transición laboral de oficiales de la marina mercante a tierra

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria Nàutiques, León Árias, Alejandro, Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria Nàutiques, León Árias, Alejandro, and Sánchez Carrillo, Carlos

Abstract

El trabajo es un análisis de las condiciones a las cuales tiene que hacer frente un oficial de la marina mercante a la hore de reorientar su vida laboral al volver a tierra y dejar atrás su trabajo como oficial de puente o máquinas. describe qué fortalezas posee para hacer el cambio y cuales son sus debilidades y que competencias tienen que desarrollar para poder realizar un cambio laboral satisfactorio.

Published
2021

39. Lack of relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida species

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, primary, Arendrup, Maiken C., additional, Cantón, Rafael, additional, García-Rodríguez, Julio, additional, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez García, additional, Parisi, Gabriella, additional, Pemán, Javier, additional, Posteraro, Brunella, additional, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, additional, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, additional, Colombo, Arnaldo L., additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Guinea, Jesús, additional, and Escribano, Pilar, additional

Published
2021
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40. Genotyping Reveals High Clonal Diversity and Widespread Genotypes of Candida Causing Candidemia at Distant Geographical Areas

Author

Guinea, Jesús, primary, Arendrup, Maiken C., additional, Cantón, Rafael, additional, Cantón, Emilia, additional, García-Rodríguez, Julio, additional, Gómez, Ana, additional, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez G., additional, Hare, Rasmus K., additional, Orden, Beatriz, additional, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, additional, Pemán, Javier, additional, Posteraro, Brunella, additional, Ruiz-Gaitán, Alba, additional, Parisi, Gabriella, additional, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, additional, Colombo, Arnaldo L., additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Reigadas, Elena, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, and Escribano, Pilar, additional

Published
2020
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43. Genotyping Reveals High Clonal Diversity and Widespread Genotypes of Candida Causing Candidemia at Distant Geographical Areas

Author

Guinea, Jesús, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, Cantón, Emilia, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Gómez, Ana, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez G., Hare, Rasmus K., Orden, Beatriz, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Ruiz-Gaitán, Alba, Parisi, Gabriella, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Reigadas, Elena, Muñoz, Patricia, Escribano, Pilar, Guinea, Jesús, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, Cantón, Emilia, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Gómez, Ana, de la Pedrosa, Elia Gómez G., Hare, Rasmus K., Orden, Beatriz, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Ruiz-Gaitán, Alba, Parisi, Gabriella, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Reigadas, Elena, Muñoz, Patricia, and Escribano, Pilar

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to gain further insight on Candida genotype distribution and percentage of clustered isolates between hospitals and to identify potential clusters involving different hospitals and cities. We aim to genotype Candida spp. isolates causing candidemia in patients admitted to 16 hospitals in Spain, Italy, Denmark, and Brazil. Eight hundred and eighty-four isolates (Candida albicans, n = 534; C. parapsilosis, n = 282; and C. tropicalis, n = 68) were genotyped using species-specific microsatellite markers. CDC3, EF3, HIS3, CAI, CAIII, and CAVI were used for C. albicans, Ctrm1, Ctrm10, Ctrm12, Ctrm21, Ctrm24, and Ctrm28 for C. tropicalis, and CP1, CP4a, CP6, and B for C. parapsilosis. Genotypes were classified as singletons (genotype only found once) or clusters (same genotype infecting two or more patients). Clusters were defined as intra-hospital (involving patients admitted to a single hospital), intra-ward (involving patients admitted to the same hospital ward) or widespread (involving patients admitted to different hospitals). The percentage of clusters and the proportion of patients involved in clusters among species, genotypic diversity and distribution of genetic diversity were assessed. Seven hundred and twenty-three genotypes were detected, 78 (11%) being clusters, most of which (57.7%; n = 45/78) were intra-hospital clusters including intra-ward ones (42.2%; n = 19/45). The proportion of clusters was not statistically different between species, but the percentage of patients in clusters varied among hospitals. A number of genotypes (7.2%; 52/723) were widespread (found at different hospitals), comprising 66.7% (52/78) of clusters, and involved patients at hospitals in the same city (n = 21) or in different cities (n = 31). Only one C. parapsilosis cluster was a widespread genotype found in all four countries. Around 11% of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis isolates causing candidemia are clusters that may result from patient-to

Published
2020

44. Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypes†

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Gómez, Ana, Gómez, Elia, Orden, Beatriz, Parisi, Gabriella, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Muñoz, Patricia, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, Escribano, Pilar, Díaz-García, Judith, Arendrup, Maiken C., Cantón, Rafael, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Gómez, Ana, Gómez, Elia, Orden, Beatriz, Parisi, Gabriella, Pemán, Javier, Posteraro, Brunella, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, Colombo, Arnaldo L., Muñoz, Patricia, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Guinea, Jesús, and Escribano, Pilar

Abstract

The capacity of Candida spp. to form biofilms allows them to attach either to living or inert surfaces, promoting their persistence in hospital environments. In a previous study, we reported strain-to-strain variations in Candida spp. biofilm development, suggesting that some genotypes may be greater biofilm formers than others. In this study, we hypothesize that isolates pertaining to clusters may be found more frequently in the environment due to their ability to form biofilms compared to singleton genotypes. Two hundred and thirty-nine Candida spp. isolates (78 clusters) from candidemia patients admitted to 16 hospitals located in different cities and countries-and the same number of singleton genotypes used as controls-were tested in terms of biofilm formation using the crystal violet and the XTT reduction assays. Candida albicans clusters showed higher biofilm formation in comparison to singleton genotypes (P < .01). The biofilms formed by intra-hospital C. albicans clusters showed higher metabolic activity (P < .05). Furthermore, marked variability was found among species and type of cluster. We observed that the higher the number of isolates, the higher the variability of biofilm production by isolates within the cluster, suggesting that the production of biofilm by isolates of the same genotype is quite diverse and does not depend on the type of cluster studied. In conclusion, candidemia Candida spp. clusters-particularly in the case of C. albicans-show significantly more biomass production and metabolic activity than singleton genotypes.

Published
2020

45. Whole genome sequencing confirms Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis microsatellite sporadic and persistent clones causing outbreaks of candidemia in neonates.

Author

Guinea, Jesús, Mezquita, Sergio, Gómez, Ana, Padilla, Belén, Zamora, Elena, Sánchez-Luna, Manuel, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, Muñoz, Patricia, and Escribano, Pilar

Abstract

Whole genome sequencing has been extensively used to describe infection outbreaks, although with limited application on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. We retrospectively studied all patients admitted to the neonatal care unit diagnosed with candidemia caused by C. albicans (n = 46) or C. parapsilosis (n = 31) between 2007 and 2010 (Period 1) and 2011 and 2014 (Period 2). All isolates were genotyped by microsatellite markers. A cluster was defined as a group of ≥ 2 patients infected by strains with identical genotypes. For the validation of microsatellite markers and outbreak investigation, phylogenetic analyses and whole genome pairwise strain comparisons were performed. The number of episodes was significantly higher in Period 1 than in Period 2 (51 vs 32; P  = 0.003); the reduction in the number of cases coincided with the educational campaign for catheter care implementation in 2011. Overall, eight genotypes were clusters involving 29 patients. All C. albicans (n = 5) and C. parapsilosis (n = 3) clusters were found during Period 1 before the educational campaign. No statistically significant differences were found between the percentage of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis clusters, but the percentage of patients associated to the clusters was significantly higher for C. parapsilosis clusters in comparison to C. albicans clusters (52 vs 28.2%; P  = 0.03). Whole genome sequencing confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters with high bootstrap values. Whole genome sequences confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters, corroborating the presence of outbreaks. Persistent or sporadic Candida clusters causing candidemia in neonates disappeared after the implementation of catheter care educational campaigns. Lay summary We retrospectively studied all patients admitted to the neonatal care unit diagnosed with candidemia caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis. Reliable whole genome sequences confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters, corroborating the presence of outbreaks before educational campaigns for catheter care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypes†

Author

Díaz-García, Judith, primary, Arendrup, Maiken C, additional, Cantón, Rafael, additional, García-Rodríguez, Julio, additional, Gómez, Ana, additional, Gómez, Elia, additional, Orden, Beatriz, additional, Parisi, Gabriella, additional, Pemán, Javier, additional, Posteraro, Brunella, additional, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, additional, Da Matta, Daniel Archimedes, additional, Colombo, Arnaldo L, additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, additional, Guinea, Jesús, additional, and Escribano, Pilar, additional

Published
2020
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50. Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value of Persistently Negative (1,3)-β-D-Glucan in Adults With Candidemia: A 5-year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital

Author

Agnelli, Caroline, primary, Bouza, Emilio, primary, del Carmen Martínez-Jiménez, María, primary, Navarro, Raquel, primary, Valerio, Maricela, primary, Machado, Marina, primary, Guinea, Jesús, primary, Sánchez-Carrillo, Carlos, primary, Alonso, Roberto, primary, and Muñoz, Patricia, primary

Published
2019
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