Search

Surgical menopause causes a sharp drop in estrogen levels in middle‐aged women, thus preventing the gradual physiological adaptation that is characteristic of the perimenopause. Previous studies suggest that surgical menopause might increase the risk of dementia later in life. In addition, the transition to motherhood entails long‐lasting endocrine and neuronal adaptations. We compared differences in whole‐brain cortical volume between women who reached menopause by surgery and a group of women who reached spontaneous non‐surgical menopause and determined whether these cortical differences were influenced by previous childbearing. Using surface‐based neuroimaging techniques, we investigated cortical volume differences in 201 middle‐aged women (134 women who experienced non‐surgical menopause, 78 of whom were parous women; and 67 women who experienced surgical menopause, 39 of whom were parous women). We found significant atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions in women who experienced surgical menopause. Nulliparous women with surgical menopause showed significant lower cortical volume in the left temporal gyrus extending to the medial temporal lobe cortex, as well as in the precuneus bilaterally compared to parous women with surgical menopause; whereas our results revealed no significant differences between parous women with surgical menopause and both parous and nulliparous women who reached a non‐surgical menopause. Furthermore, in the surgical menopause group, we found a negative correlation between cortical volume and age at first pregnancy in the temporal lobe. Our study suggests that the long‐term brain remodeling of parity may mitigate the neural impact of the sudden drop in estrogen levels that characterizes surgical menopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Liquid to solid phase transition of biodiesel was detected via vibrating tube densimeter technique for the first time. • The established procedure for solidification detection could be extended for other amorphous materials. • Solidification of biodiesel was detected by upwards pressurization. • Liquid densities for waste beef tallow FAMEs, FAEEs and FABEs are reported from 286 to 393 K, and pressures up to 137 MPa. • FAMEs had the highest density, while the lowest density was observed for FABEs. Phase behavior and thermophysical properties of biodiesel at high pressure and high temperature are limited in the literature. These are useful to develop models and to understand their behavior having in mind the use of biodiesel in engines. Liquid to solid phase transitions, by using a vibrating tube densimeter, along with densities of three beef tallow fatty acid alkyl esters were studied in this work. Measurements of the oscillating period for each biofuel were carried out in a modular array constituted by two vibrating tube densimeters coupled in series and connected to a single loading cell. The oscillating period was converted to density by the forced path mechanical calibration (FPMC) method. Experimental liquid density sets for three beef tallow biodiesel samples based on fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs) are reported for the first time for pressures up to 137 MPa. These biofuels, named fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and fatty acid butyl esters (FABEs), were measured in the temperature range of 286–393 K. The detection procedure for the beginning of the high-pressure solidification was focused on the beef tallow FABEs sample based upon its lower cloud point (CP FABEs = 281.15 K) in comparison with the reported property for the other esters (CP FAEEs = 289.15 K, CP FAMEs = 291 K) with the same feedstock; therefore, the conditions for the metastable liquid to solid phase transition associated to the effect of high pressure was detailed for waste beef tallow butyl ester biodiesel by performing step-by-step compressions in the interval of 286.20–298.13 K and with the help of the vibrating tube densimeters. FABEs had the lower density in contrast with FAEEs and FAMEs, this one being the denser biofuel. Modeling of liquid density data was performed by the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) Equation of State and the Tammann-Tait equation with maximum absolute average deviations of 0.15 % and 0.05 %, respectively. Both models were applied for correlating the thermodynamic derived properties of the fluid phase: isobaric thermal expansivity and isothermal compressibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SPG4 is a subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), an upper motor neuron disorder characterized by axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts and the fasciculus gracilis. The few neuroimaging studies that have focused on the spinal cord in HSP are based mainly on the analysis of structural characteristics. Methods: We assessed diffusion-related characteristics of the spinal cord using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as well as structural and shape-related properties in 12 SPG4 patients and 14 controls. We used linear mixed effects models up to T3 in order to analyze the global effects of 'group' and 'clinical data' on structural and diffusion data. For DTI, we carried out a region of interest (ROI) analysis in native space for the whole spinal cord, the anterior and lateral funiculi, and the dorsal columns. We also performed a voxelwise analysis of the spinal cord to study local diffusion-related changes. Results: A reduced cross-sectional area was observed in the cervical region of SPG4 patients, with significant anteroposterior flattening. DTI analyses revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased radial diffusivity at all the cervical and thoracic levels, particularly in the lateral funiculi and dorsal columns. The FA changes in SPG4 patients were significantly related to disease severity, measured as the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale score. Conclusions: Our results in SPG4 indicate tract-specific axonal damage at the level of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. This finding is correlated with the degree of motor disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: SPG4 is an autosomal dominant pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in the SPAST gene. HSP is considered an upper motor neuron disorder characterized by progressive retrograde degeneration, or "dying-back" phenomenon, of the corticospinal tract's longest axons. Neuroimaging studies mainly focus on white matter changes and, although previous studies reported cortical thinning in complicated HSP forms, cortical changes remain unclear in SPG4 patients. This work aimed to compare changes in white matter microstructure and cortical thickness between 12 SPG4 patients and 22 healthy age-matched controls. We also explore whether white matter alterations are related to cortical thickness and their correlation with clinical symptoms. Methods: we used fixel-based analysis, an advanced diffusion-weighted imaging technique, and probabilistic tractography of the corticospinal tracts. We also analyzed cortical morphometry using whole-brain surface-based and atlas-based methods in sensorimotor areas. Results: SPG4 patients showed bilateral involvement in the corticospinal tracts; this was more intense in the distal portion than in the upper segments and was associated with the degree of clinical impairment. We found a significant correlation between disease severity and fiber density and cross-section of the corticospinal tracts. Furthermore, corticospinal tract changes were significantly correlated with bilateral cortical thinning in the precentral gyrus in SPG4 patients. Conclusions: Our data point to axonal damage of the corticospinal motor neurons in SPG4 patients might be related to cortical thinning in motor regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPG4 is an autosomal dominant pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in the SPAST gene. HSP is considered an upper motor neuron disorder characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs caused by degeneration of the corticospinal tract. In other neurodegenerative motor disorders, the thalamus and basal ganglia are affected, with a considerable impact on disease progression. However, only a few works have studied these brain structures in HSP, mainly in complex forms of this disease. Our research aims to detect potential alterations in the volume and shape of the thalamus and various basal ganglia structures by comparing 12 patients with pure HSP and 18 healthy controls. We used two neuroimaging procedures: automated segmentation of the subcortical structures (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen) in native space and shape analysis of the structures. We found a significant reduction in thalamic volume bilaterally, as well as an inward deformation, mainly in the sensory-motor thalamic regions in patients with pure HSP and a mutation in SPG4. We also observed a significant negative correlation between the shape of the thalamus and clinical scores (the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale score and disease duration). Moreover, we found a 'Group × Age' interaction that was closely related to the severity of the disease. No differences in volume or in shape were found in the remaining subcortical structures studied. Our results suggest that changes in structure of the thalamus could be an imaging biomarker of disease progression in pHSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the current study were (a) to analyze the characteristics of acceleration efforts using individual relative thresholds according to the initial speed during official matches in elite young soccer players according to player position and (b) to compare the differences between absolute and relative thresholds in assessing high-intensity acceleration. Player acceleration profiles were assessed using an individual relative threshold based on their acceleration capacity at different initial speeds (standing, 6, 10.8, and 15 km⋅h-1), and the number of accelerations (>75% of the maximal acceleration) performed during soccer matches was divided into 3 categories attending to the initial speed. (S1 = 0-7km⋅h-1; S2 = 7.1-14km⋅h-1; and S3 = >14.1 km⋅h-1). Within-group analyses showed that the number of accelerations performed in each category was higher when the effort started from a static or walking position than at moderate- or high-intensity running (S1 > S2 > S3; very likely to almost certain). Between-group analyses revealed substantial differences between some playing positions according to initial speed. In S1 and S3, central defenders had the lowest number of accelerations (likely to almost certain), whereas midfielders had the greatest number of high-intensity accelerations in S1 and S2. There were also substantial differences between the other playing positions (possibly to almost certain). Regarding relative and absolute thresholds (>3 m⋅s-2), the results showed that absolute threshold overestimated the number of high-intensity accelerations compared with the individual relative threshold in S1 and underestimated the results in S2 and S3 (almost certain). The use of an individual relative threshold to measure acceleration demands allows to distinguish between the numbers of accelerations in function of the initial speed and playing positions. In addition, the absolute acceleration threshold could overestimate or underestimate the acceleration demands in young soccer players as a function of the initial speed. Then, the absolute acceleration thresholds should be taken with caution in the assessment of acceleration activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the clinical characteristics and significance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Mexico. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a retrospective revision and analysis of the clinical cases of Mexican patients with CJD available in the literature. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases for studies in English and Spanish conducted in Mexico over the period of 1990-2020 that involved Mexican patients with any of the clinical forms of CJD. Clinical variables were extracted from the selected studies that met eligibility criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. Results: A total of seven studies were included in the analysis. From these, 29 cases were revised, and their clinical characteristics analyzed. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years (range 23-75 years). CJD was more frequent among females than male patients (male:female ratio 1:1.41). Most patients resided in Mexico City and the State of Mexico, and 93% attended public hospitals. The most frequent form of CJD was sporadic, with only two probable cases of familiar disease. The most common clinical symptoms observed in order or frequency were rapidly progressive dementia (68.9%), cerebellar signs (51.7%), neuropsychiatric symptoms (51.7%), akinetic mutism (51.7%), myoclonus (44,8%), extrapyramidal signs (44.8%), visual disturbances (41.3%), pyramidal signs (31%), and sleep disorders (17.2%). Only 20% of the cases were confirmed by histopathological analysis of brain biopsy or autopsy specimens. Conclusions: Our study provides an overview of the main clinical characteristics of CJD in Mexican patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree-stem volumes constitute critical measurements for forest management. We propose a general two-criterion procedure for choosing the most reliable and robust volume equation(s), among a set of them previously fitted in a forest. Also, the proposal can be used as an additional criterion when fitting new equations to a single sample. Through simulated volumes, we considered how well a model estimates the volume generated by itself (the more accurate estimation, the better) and measured a model's variability of the mean errors when it estimates volumes rebuilt by other models (the lower variability, the better). The procedure is exemplified with volume equations of Pinus patula in the Forestry Management Unit 1302 in Hidalgo, Mexico. In the example, we found that a linearized form of the combined-variable equation results reliable and robust. This selection coincided with the one made with data of a recent 150 trees sample (validation), where the rebuilt-estimated mean volume differs 0.034 m3 from the observed mean volume; it represents around US$2.6. Therefore, it is shown that simulation becomes an effective tool to identify equations that do not reproduce the volume of trees well in the current forest and helps to choose reliable and robust equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyse the credibility of the content of the message and that of news stories about environmental problems, comparing the cases of Argentina and Spain. Its novel contribution is that it also analyses credibility according to the generation to which the informant belongs. In Argentina, information was compiled by means of an online survey (NArgentina = 450), whereas in Spain the same survey was conducted by interviewers (NSpain = 493). Low levels of credibility were found for the contents of messages about environmental problems and also for the news stories and narratives generated around them. Significant differences were noted between Argentina and Spain in relation to the credibility of the content of the message (which is greater in Argentina) but not in the credibility of news stories about environmental problems. In contrast to expectations, no generational differences were found in the two countries with regard to either type of credibility. This paper discusses the implications of the lack of generational segmentation as well as the low levels of credibility detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulosic henequen fibers were subjected to steam explosion and impregnated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve fiber-matrix compatibility in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Through Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was shown that the hydroxyl, methyl, and ether functional groups were increased after the steam explosion treatment. Changes in the cellulose morphology caused by the steam explosion and impregnation with PEG were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Good adhesion of the treated cellulose and the PLA matrix was observed through improvement of the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA composite. The PEG impregnated into the fiber plasticized the PLA matrix and reduced the Tg from 59 °C to 52 °C. The increase in crystallinity confirmed the cellulose fibers induced nucleation of the PLA, which resulted in greater rigidity of the PLA composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigid adherence to traditional male norms has been found to be associated with many health outcomes. This special issue aims to bring together biomedical and psychological researchers as a means to generate interest in integrating scientific approaches so as to advance the health of men and boys. In this guest editorial, the authors first provide a brief review of some key biological factors that contribute to sex differences in health. The editorial then introduces the ten articles included in this special issue, which focus on paternal influence on health-related behaviors; cancer; reproductive and sexual health; eating disorders; and health-related beliefs. Ultimately, by continuing to work across disciplines, those interested in the psychological study of men and masculinities can assist biomedical researchers in promoting better health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 250 small mammal remains from Unit Xb of El Salt Middle Palaeolithic site have been studied in order to reconstruct the palaeoecological conditions during a phase of Neanderthal occupation in this locality at 52.3 ± 4.6 ka. A total of 7rodents ( Microtus arvalis , M. agrestis , M. ( Terricola ) duodecimcostatus , Microtus ( Iberomys ) cabrerae , Arvicola sapidus , Eliomys quercinus and Apodemus sylvaticus ), 4 insectivores ( Erinaceus cf. europaeus , Crocidura sp., Sorex sp. and Talpidae indet.) and 1 lagomorph ( Oryctolagus cf. cuniculus ) have been identified. Applying the Mutual Ecogeographic Range and Habitat Weighting methods, Unit Xb may correspond to a relatively cold (−3.3 °C in comparison with present values) and slightly more humid (+113.3 mm in comparison with present values) period. The environment was mainly composed of open woodlands (58%) followed by dry (20%) and humid (14%) meadows. These results suggest that supramediterranean conditions were present in the surroundings of the site at 52.3 ± 4.6 ka instead of mesomediterranean conditions present today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The private sphere is being influenced by fantasies and expectations constructed through cultural commodities. From different perspectives, Jameson and Castells have seen that the growing fusion of economic and cultural spheres of postmodern globalization point not just merely to a geographical expansion, but also to a simultaneous transformation of everyday life. This everyday life is often portrayed by mass media as a permanent representation of the market. This phenomenon pervades recent decades of Spanish society, in which a naturalization of consumerism is tightly linked to a culture of image production. These novels realize a parody of the way the everyday life of individuals affected by the financial crisis is interconnected with the utopian projections of an imaginary connectivity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new integration method is presented for the extraction of the parameters of a single exponential diode model with series resistance from the measured forward I-V characteristics. The extraction is performed using auxiliary functions based on the integration of the data which allow to isolate the effects of each of the model parameters. A differentiation method is also presented for data with low level of experimental noise. Measured and simulated data are used to verify the applicability of both proposed method. Physical insight about the validity of the model is also obtained by using the proposed graphical determinations of the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To compare the immediate implant success rates between sites with chronic apical lesions and healthy sites in the same patients 1 year postdelayed loading. Materials and Methods One hundred sixty-eight immediate implants were placed in sixty patients at upper incisor, canine, and premolar sites. A split-mouth design was used, placing a minimum of two implants, one in a fresh socket associated with chronic periapical disease, the average lesion size was larger than 4 mm and less than 8 mm (test group), and the other(s) in a healthy fresh socket (control group). Implant survival rate at 1 year postloading delayed was compared between the groups. Results The implant survival rate was 98.2% for the total sample ( n = 168); out of the three implants lost, two were from the test group, and one was from the control group (in the same patient as one of the former). Among the surviving implants, five were also considered failures due to excessive bone loss ( n = 3) and also because of the recurrence of the periapical lesions ( n = 2). Survival rates were significantly lower in the test than control sites at 12 months postloading. Conclusions Implant survival rates were significantly lower after the immediate implantation in postextraction sockets associated with chronic periapical disease (90.8%) than in healthy postextraction sockets (98.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. In addition to known cardiac dysfunction, non-cardiac comorbidity, frailty and disability are independent risk factors of mortality, morbidity, cognitive and functional decline, and risk of institutionalization. Frailty, a treatable and potential reversible syndrome very common in older patients with AHF, increases the risk of disability and other adverse health outcomes. This position paper highlights the need to identify frailty in order to improve prognosis, the risk–benefits of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and the definition of older-person-centered and integrated care plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to report an experimental procedure for measuring solid-liquid-gas phase equilibrium behavior for binary systems constituted by carbon dioxide + solute. Our proposed measuring procedure depends on solid formation detection from fluid phases by a pressure change. The experimental apparatus uses a stainless steel cell where windows are not required. The mixture is slowly cooled while temperature and pressure are decreasing at isochoric conditions. Therefore, the solid-liquid-gas phase equilibrium data are considered when pressure exhibits an abrupt increase while temperature is still decreasing. The studied solutes are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. Besides, additional solid-liquid-gas equilibrium data are included for the same systems using an apparatus recently reported by our working group which is based on the enhanced first freezing point technique. Experimental results are represented using the Peng-Robinson equation of state coupled to the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules with two adjustable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Math-gifted subjects are characterized by above-age performance in intelligence tests, exceptional creativity, and high task commitment. Neuroimaging studies reveal enhanced functional brain organization and white matter microstructure in the frontoparietal executive network of math-gifted individuals. However, the cortical morphometry of these subjects remains largely unknown. The main goal of this study was to compare the cortical morphometry of math-gifted adolescents with that of an age- and IQ-matched control group. We used surface-based methods to perform a vertex-wise analysis of cortical thickness and surface area. Our results show that math-gifted adolescents present a thinner cortex and a larger surface area in key regions of the frontoparietal and default mode networks, which are involved in executive processing and creative thinking, respectively. The combination of reduced cortical thickness and larger surface area suggests above-age neural maturation of these networks in math-gifted individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1893-1902, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender stereotypes adversely affect gay men's lives. Although research has linked the degree to which gay men are conscious of masculine stereotypes with symptoms of psychological distress, it is unclear whether different groups of gay men are equally conscious of gender stereotypes. Thus, we compared responses to an online survey between a closely matched group of Latino (n = 54) and White (non-Latino, n = 54) gay men who were U.S. citizens and resided in the U.S. We predicted that Latino men would score higher on questions related to (a) the importance of masculinity, (b) the importance of not being noticeably gay, (c) how conscious they were of their own masculine behavior, (d) negative attitudes toward effeminate gay men, and (e) dimensions related to a gay identity. Results showed that masculinity was equally important to both groups, but Latino men reported it was more important that they and their same-sex partners not be noticeably gay (Cohen's d = 0.40 and 0.62, respectively). Furthermore, both groups expressed an equal degree of negative attitude toward effeminate gay men, but the Latino men were more conscious about their own masculine behavior (d = 0.50). Finally, different dimensions of their gay identity were salient for each group where Latino men were more concerned with keeping their sexual orientation private (d = 0.54) and wanting to be accepted by others (d = 0.57), whereas the White men had more difficulty with their coming-out process (d = 0.40). Further research should consider how one's ethnicity is related to gender stereotypes and well-being among gay men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foamed linear medium density polyethylene parts were prepared by rotational molding in biaxial mode, using different amounts of chemical-blowing agent (azodicarbonamide). Morphological and mechanical properties are presented and discussed in terms of foam density, cell density, average cell diameter, and open cell content. Internal air temperature of the mold was measured as a function of time. Significant differences were observed between unfoamed and foamed parts. The use of an exothermic chemical-blowing agent increased the peak internal air temperature and part cooling was slower due to the presence of gas bubbles acting as insulating material. The most important changes were observed for foam density: adding 1 phr of azodicarbonamide the density decreased from 0.931 g/cm3 (0 phr azodicarbonamide) to 0.295 g/cm3. Finally, the mechanical properties were highly influenced by azodicarbonamide content. Tensile and impact properties were correlated with part density using a simple power–law equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an enhanced method for solid–liquid–gas (SLG) phase equilibrium measurements in binary systems. The method is mainly based on the observation of the first freezing point. It consists of the formation of first solids from fluid phase(s) by means of slow temperature decreases. In this work, additionally to the observation of the appearance of first solids, SLG equilibrium measurements were confirmed through a pressure change when the solids were formed while temperature was still decreasing at constant volume. A data acquisition system was built to allow registration of both temperature and pressure in the static-view cell in real time. The three-phase SLG equilibria for the well-studied carbon dioxide + naphthalene system were determined in order to validate our methodology. SLG equilibria were also measured for the binary systems constituted by carbon dioxide + hexadecanoic acid, octacosane, triacontane, or dotriacontane. The experiments were performed at pressures up to 39 MPa and temperatures below the melting point of the pure solute. The reported uncertainties in temperature and pressure are ±0.02 K and ±0.02 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a unified look at MOSFET model parameter extraction methods that rely on the application of successive differential and integral operators, their ratios, and various other combinations thereof. Some of the most representative extraction procedures are assessed by comparatively examining their ability to extract basic model parameters from synthetic MOSFET transfer characteristics, generated by an ad hoc minimalist four-parameter model. The model used, comprised of a single polylogarithm function of gate voltage, approximately describes in a very concise manner the essential features of MOSFET drain current continuously from depletion to strong inversion. The exponential-like low voltage and monomial-like high voltage asymptotes of this simple model are conveniently used to analyze and compare the different extraction schemes that are founded on successive differentiation or integration. In addition to providing a combined view useful for comparative methodological appraisal, the present unified analysis facilitates visualizing and exploring other potentially promising extraction strategies beyond the straightforward use of successive differential and integral operators and their ratios. We include examples of parameter extraction from measured transfer characteristics of real experimental MOSFETs to comparatively illustrate the actual numerical implementation of typical successive differential and integral operator-based procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the novelsMuertes paralelasandAyer no másas representatives of two clearly defined perspectives within the Spanish twenty-first century narrative production on unearthing the past of Francoism. The symbolic construction of unearthing permits an investigation of the remnants of a neo-Francoist vision of the legacy of the civil war, while opening the view of a political feeling by which personal memory inserts itself most profoundly as a commitment to a more comprehensive and lasting closure of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recent functional neuroimaging studies have shown differences in brain activation between mathematically gifted adolescents and controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mathematical giftedness, intelligent quotient (IQ), and the microstructure of white matter tracts in a sample composed of math-gifted adolescents and aged-matched controls. Math-gifted subjects were selected through a national program based on detecting enhanced visuospatial abilities and creative thinking. We used diffusion tensor imaging to assess white matter microstructure in neuroanatomical connectivity. The processing included voxel-wise and region of interest-based analyses of the fractional anisotropy (FA), a parameter which is purportedly related to white matter microstructure. In a whole-sample analysis, IQ showed a significant positive correlation with FA, mainly in the corpus callosum, supporting the idea that efficient information transfer between hemispheres is crucial for higher intellectual capabilities. In addition, math-gifted adolescents showed increased FA (adjusted for IQ) in white matter tracts connecting frontal lobes with basal ganglia and parietal regions. The enhanced anatomical connectivity observed in the forceps minor and splenium may underlie the greater fluid reasoning, visuospatial working memory, and creative capabilities of these children. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2619-2631, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Standard threshold voltage extraction methods are shown to be unreliable for TFETs. [•] Two alternative methods based on differentiation and integration are proposed. [•] Both methods were successfully tested on experimental Fin-type TFETs. [•] The integration based method is recommended to reduce measurement noise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Many real diodes need to be modeled by two or more ideal diodes in parallel. [•] For this case, the voltage cannot be expressed rigorously as an explicit function of the current. [•] We propose a simple approximate solution for the voltage as an explicit function of the current. [•] This approximate solution is more computationally efficient than rigorous iterative solutions. [•] This solution makes direct analytic differentiation and integration possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-S), originally developed by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven. To date, it is the only available instrument that permits a conceptually pure quantification of cognitive strategies of emotional regulation. A sample of 615 students (25% men; 75% women) completed the CERQ-S. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that, as in the original version, a nine-factor model also explained the data collected with the Spanish version. However, an alternative model that integrates the nine dimensions in two second-order factors shows appropriate global fit indices and has interesting implications. Likewise, the results of the present study are comparable with those obtained in previous work with measures of depression, anxiety, and anger, and increase support for the validity of this instrument for assessing normalized affective states. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This article presents an up-to-date review of the several extraction methods commonly used to determine the value of the threshold voltage of MOSFETs. It includes the different methods that extract this quantity from the drain current versus gate voltage transfer characteristics measured under linear operation conditions for crystalline and non-crystalline MOSFETs. The various methods presented for the linear region are adapted to the saturation region and tested as a function of drain voltage whenever possible. The implementation of the extraction methods is discussed and tested by applying them to real state-of-the-art devices in order to compare their performance. The validity of the different methods with respect to the presence of parasitic series resistance is also evaluated using 2-D simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We propose here a simple approximate, yet accurate, formula to easily calculate the maximum magnitude of the electric potential at the channel width’s midpoint of symmetric Double Gate (DG) MOSFETs with any arbitrary body doping concentration. According to it this maximum magnitude depends only on the body’s thickness and doping concentration, apart from its usual dependence on quasi-Fermi level splitting. The new formula allows to easily determine the critical body thickness value above which any arbitrarily doped symmetric DG MOSFET can be satisfactorily modeled using a conventional bulk MOSFET model. This critical value depends only on body doping concentration, The proposed approximate formula also constitutes a useful means to quickly calculate initial values in iterative numerical calculations of doped symmetric DG MOSFET models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present work provides for the first time a detailed description of teeth attributable to metatherians in the Miocene fossil record of Spain, and justifies their generic and specific ascription. The fossil elements found correspond to Amphiperatherium frequens, the last herpetotheriid that inhabited Europe. This is so far the southernmost occurrence of this species, thus showing that its geographic range extended further southward than previously thought. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We describe a new species of Vasseuromys from the locality of Pico del Fraile 2 (PF2) in the Ebro Basin of northeastern Spain, which has yielded a fauna comprising several rodents and insectivores (Eumyarion cf. weinfurteri, Megacricetodon cf. primitivus, Democricetodon aff. hispanicus, Spermophilinus cf. besana, Microdyromys cf. legidensis, Galerix sp., and Lagomorpha indet.) indicative of Aragonian zones C or D. Vasseuromys cristinae sp. nov. differs from other Vasseuromys species in the constant presence of four extra ridges on the lower molars, one of them being connected to the posterolophid in the posterior valley, as well as three extra ridges on the upper molars, with none of them located outside the trigone. Morphological comparisons of this new taxon to other Vasseuromys species from the western Mediterranean area allow the reconstruction of their phylogenetic interrelationships during the Early and Middle Miocene of Europe, suggesting that V. cristinae sp. nov. is a descendant of V. autolensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that analyzes the responses from 14 African American men concerning the subjective experience of social class and upward mobility in graduate schools. It was noted that school peers were the main source of the early awareness of social classes. Moreover, social discrimination has been believed to have been maintained from social class stratification which have disadvantaged the racial minorities according to skin complexion and educational degree.

Abstract: The classical physics description long-channel undoped asymmetric independently driven double-gate MOSFETs channel potential has been modeled thus far by means of two types of equations consisting of either hyperbolic or trigonometric functions, as dictated by the applied bias conditions. Instead of such separate regional equations, we propose here the use of a single completely generic equation based on complex variables, which is valid for all values of front and back-gate bias. The unified nature of the proposed equation may be useful for future development of double-gate MOSFET modeling work because it provides a better basis for global physical insight. The solution of this equation is analyzed for several cases, including the all important fully symmetric one. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of the study was to determine if an intensive preseason training program modifies the inflammatory status in professional soccer players and if this inflammatory profile may be associated with the physical state. We compared plasma protein biomarkers, using proteomics, and the physiological state and cardiac function in 12 professional soccer players and 9 recreational soccer players. Reduced cardiac low frequency [LF] after the pre-season training program previous competition with respect to recreational soccer players was found. No differences were found in cardiac high frequency, cardiac high frequency/low frequency ratio, tension index and oxygen volume consumption. Alpha-1-antitrypsin isotype-3, fibrinogen-gamma isotypes-1, 2 and 3 and vitamin-D-binding protein isotype-1 were reduced in professionals players compared with those in recreational players. However, an increased content of alpha-1-antitrypsin isotype-6 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin 1 and 4 were found in professional soccer players. Spearman's analysis showed a positive correlation between LF and fibrinogengamma chain isotype 3; but LF was negatively correlated with alpha-antichymotrypsin isotype 4. Professional soccer players submitted to an intensive training showed differences in the content of plasma proteins associated with inflammatory/oxidative stress and thrombosis with respect to recreational soccer players. Proteomics analysis in combination with the analysis of cardiac function assessment may be useful to know more in depth molecular processes associated with sport and intensive exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven typologies of melon belonging to Inodorus and Cantalupensis horticultural groups have been assayed in relation to their sensory and physical–chemical characteristics. Sensory analysis has been performed by means of a descriptive profiling based on objective scales and a trained panel. Multivariate analysis was applied to the individual results associated with the attributes of color, firmness, juiciness, sweetness, acidity, fibrosity and seven different aromas. Accuracy of the panel members and validity of the method were confirmed by the correlation between sensory scores and physical–chemical rates of firmness, juiciness, º Brix and pH. Relationships between sensory parameters and consumer preferences were also identified, resulting in concrete quality marks: high sweetness and juiciness, yellow flesh, moderate acidity and aromas of cucumber, watermelon, pineapple and peach. Additionally, the consumer’s internal map of preferences was developed in order to guide future genetic improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional psychologists who work with gay men have noted that traditional masculine ideals play a prominent role in the gay community whereby some endorse these traditional ideals and stigmatize effeminate behavior by other gay men. One hypothesis is that this behavior reflects negative feelings about being gay. This article examined this hypothesis by reporting the results of an online survey of 622 self-identified gay men. Participants completed the Gender Role Conflict Scale, Lesbian and Gay Identity Scale, the Social Desirability Scale, and questions related to the importance of masculinity. Results showed that most participants valued the public appearance of masculinity; and they ideally wished to be more masculine than they felt they were (Cohen's d = 0.42). A multiple regression analysis showed that the degree to which they valued masculinity and were concerned with violating masculine ideals was positively related with negative feelings about being gay (Cohen's ƒ2 = .67). These findings highlight the importance of exploring the role that masculine ideals play in gay client's lives given that negative feelings about oneself can adversely affect psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We propose the use of simple integration-based methods to extract the sub-threshold current slope factor of MOSFETs as an alternative to traditional extraction processes based on differentiating the sub-threshold transfer characteristics. The purpose is to lessen the effects of error and noise often present in the measurement of very small currents, which are aggravated by the differentiation processes. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is compared to the traditional Transconductance-to-Current Ratio method using the measured transfer characteristics of two experimental devices as application examples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Gender identity—one''s sense of being a man or a woman—is a fundamental perception experienced by all individuals that extends beyond biological sex. Yet, what contributes to our sense of gender remains uncertain. Since individuals who identify as transsexual report strong feelings of being the opposite sex and a belief that their sexual characteristics do not reflect their true gender, they constitute an invaluable model to understand the biological underpinnings of gender identity. We analyzed MRI data of 24 male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals not yet treated with cross-sex hormones in order to determine whether gray matter volumes in MTF transsexuals more closely resemble people who share their biological sex (30 control men), or people who share their gender identity (30 control women). Results revealed that regional gray matter variation in MTF transsexuals is more similar to the pattern found in men than in women. However, MTF transsexuals show a significantly larger volume of regional gray matter in the right putamen compared to men. These findings provide new evidence that transsexualism is associated with distinct cerebral pattern, which supports the assumption that brain anatomy plays a role in gender identity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study which investigates whether single and partnered gay men differed in their concerns over traditional masculine roles and interest in casual sex. Result shows that single men were more restrictive in their affectionate behavior with other men and partnered men were more concerned with their success, power and competence. They concluded that interest in casual sex served as a unique predictors of relationship satisfaction among the partnered gay men.

Abstract: A new procedure is presented to separate the effects of source-and-drain series resistance and mobility degradation factor in the extraction of MOSFET model parameters. It requires only a single test device and it is based on fitting the ID (VGS , VDS ) equation to the measured characteristics. Two types of bidimensional fitting are explored: direct fitting to the drain current and indirect fitting to the measured source-to-drain resistance. The indirect fitting is shown to be advantageous in terms of fewer number of iterations needed and wider extent of initial guess values range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The fear of experiencing discrimination often provokes symptoms of psychological distress. One coping resource is positive identification with one's social group-known as collective self-esteem. This preliminary study investigated whether collective self-esteem was related to fears regarding a transsexual identity and psychological distress among 53 self-identified male-to-female transsexuals (mean age = 50.79 years). Participants were recruited from transgender events held in Arizona and California. The majority (81%) reported living full-time as women (mean length of time living as a woman = 6.33 years). Negative feelings about the transsexual community and fears regarding the impact of a transsexual identity were positively related to psychological distress. A regression model revealed that the fear of how a transsexual identity would affect one's life was the best predictor of the severity of psychological distress. These results are consistent with findings from other historically marginalized groups, whereby the stress of being stigmatized by society adversely affects mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the effects of the commonly accepted descriptors of masculinity and femininity among gay men on their beliefs and how masculine ideals affect their self-image and their relationships in the U.S. The study found that perceptions of gender roles among gay men are based on masculine and feminine stereotypes. Moreover, the study identified more adverse versus positive effects on self-image and same-sex romantic relationships among gay men. It suggested that psychologists should take into account the possible influence of traditional masculine ideals when conceptualizing their gay male clients.

One of the visible characteristics of Mexico's rural spaces is that they are not uniform spaces, not from the economic or social points of view. It was our purpose to build, in an objective manner, an index that would measure the degree of rurality of the states and municipalities, making use of a varied analysis of the main components. The variables that were chosen are some of the characteristics that differentiate the rural from the urban environment. The relations between the rurality index and the human development index were analyzed, with the margination index and the INEGI concept of rurality; in all the cases the hypotheses about their relations were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Classical physics drain current core models for symmetric Double Gate (DG), asymmetric DG, and bulk undoped-body MOSFET are unified using a mixed formulation of charge and surface potential. The resulting expression is a generalized description of the behavior of the silicon body. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We present a new method to extract the intrinsic and extrinsic model parameters of illuminated solar cells containing parasitic series resistance and shunt conductance. The method is based on calculating the Co-content function (CC) from the exact explicit analytical solutions of the illuminated current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The resulting CC is expressed as a purely algebraic function of current and voltage from whose coefficients the intrinsic and extrinsic model parameters are then readily determined by bidimensional fitting. The procedure is illustrated by applying it to experimental and synthetic I–V characteristics and an analysis of the errors is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We describe a new drain current model for nanoscale undoped-body symmetric dual-gate MOSFETs based on a fully consistent physical description. The model consists on a single analytic equation that includes both drift and diffusion contributions. It is built on the basis of the potentials at the surface and at the center of the silicon film evaluated at the source and drain ends. The derivation is completely rigorous and is based on a procedure previously enunciated for long-channel bulk SOI MOSFETs. The expression is a continuous description valid for all bias conditions, from subthreshold to strong inversion and from linear to saturation operation. The validity of the model has been ascertained by extensive comparison to exact numerical simulations. The results attest to the excellent accuracy of this formulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In modeling semiconductor junctions the extraction of the model’s parameters is often hindered by the presence of parasitic series resistance and shunt conductance. We propose a method to extract the intrinsic and extrinsic model parameters using the exact explicit analytic solutions for current and voltage of the junction’s I–V characteristics, which are expressed in terms of Lambert W functions. However, direct numerical fitting of these solutions to extract the model’s parameters would be an unwieldy and computationally inefficient task. To circumvent this difficulty, the proposed method is based on first calculating the Integral Difference Function, D, from the explicit analytic solutions for I and V. This produces a purely algebraic equation in I and V whose coefficients contain the model’s parameters. The coefficients of this auxiliary equation can be quickly determined by direct numerical fitting. From them, all the intrinsic and extrinsic model parameters are then readily obtained at once. The method is tested on representative synthetic I–V characteristics to illustrate the computation process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]