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This article presents the results of research that seeks to analyze the ability of minors to identify the advertising messages received through the most used social networks by this audience (YouTube and Instagram). Children's aptitude to recognize persuasive intent was measured in a selection of examples taken for this study, as well as the perception that parents or guardians had about the minor's ability to recognize advertising on the platforms analyzed. Results were obtained from a survey applied to dyads in 501 homes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile, to children aged 10 to 14 and to one of their parents or guardians. Main results include the notion that more than 50% of children were not able to detect advertising in examples containing ads. Lower recognition percentages were obtained in cases that combined persuasive content and entertainment and were not classified as advertising. For their part, adults perceived that their children recognize persuasive intent to a lesser extent than indicated by the children themselves. An explicit and clear signaling of advertising messages, as well as advertising literacy according to the age of minors could help them discern the content they consume on social networks.

This research aims to gain insight on the perception that minors have of viral challenges as an entertainment format and the motivations behind their participation in this digital entertainment phenomenon. A qualitative study was performed by way of twelve focus groups with sixty-two minors aged between eleven and seventeen years from Spain. For minors, viral challenges represent a form of entertainment in an interactive context, perceived as innocuous, ephemeral content from which nothing more is required than for the user to have a good time. This appears to lead the minors interviewed to ignore the meaning and origin of the viral challenges they visualise and share, neither do they regard this to be necessary. It is also important to underline the relativisation of risk and danger in favour of spectacularisation and virality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of diversity and inclusion is a major challenge for businesses in developing inclusive products and marketing strategies focused on people with disabilities. Universities can foster positive attitudes toward inclusiveness if they facilitate student recognition of differences as assets and enable them to appreciate the creation of communities where different individuals are valued. This study analyzes the experience of an innovative undergraduate seminar on inclusive marketing based on social learning theory. Designed and conducted by a former marketing manager with visual impairment, together with university scholars, the course develops the learning potential of inclusive marketing strategies and tactics through role-playing exercises and case studies. By presenting the inclusive marketing seminar theoretical framework, syllabus, and impact on students' attitudes, this research analyzes an approach to training future marketing professionals and leaders to understand people with disabilities as important stakeholders and provides key insights for universities, companies, and governments in the application of inclusive marketing and communication strategies.

This special issue of the OBS* Journal titled "Media Literacy to Tackle Disinformation" highlights the significance of media literacy in addressing the problem of disinformation and its negative effects. The articles within the issue cover a range of topics related to media literacy, including the perception of disinformation among young people in Brazil, the role of fact-checkers in promoting media literacy in IberoAmerica, and the potential contributions of journalists and traditional television content in combating disinformation. The document emphasizes the need for collaboration among various stakeholders, including technology companies, lawmakers, and educators, to effectively tackle the issue of disinformation. Additionally, the document titled "Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making" explores the challenges posed by misinformation and disinformation in the digital age. It emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach involving researchers, policymakers, and technology companies to address this problem. The document also underscores the significance of promoting media literacy and critical thinking skills to empower individuals in navigating the information landscape. [Extracted from the article]

This experimental study analyzes the effect of media literacy on the ability of Spanish seniors over 50 years of age to identify fake news. The experiment measures the improvement achieved by older adults in the detection of political disinformation thanks to a digital competence course offered through WhatsApp. The study comprises a total sample of 1,029 individuals, subdivided into a control group (n =531) and an experimental group (n =498), from which a qualified experimental subsample (n =87) was extracted. Results reveal that participants' political beliefs, ranging from left to right positions, influence their ability to detect misinformation. A progressive political position is associated with higher accuracy in identifying right-biased news headlines and lower accuracy for left-biased headlines. A conservative position is associated with higher accuracy when the news headline has a progressive bias, but lower accuracy when the headline is right-wing. Users are more critical when the headline has a bias against theirs, while they are more likely to believe news that confirms their own beliefs. The study adds evidence on the relevance of cognitive biases in disinformation and supports the convenience of designing specific media literacy actions aimed at older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the type of ads which attract the most clicks among new generations. 45 users ages 10 to 14 underwent weekly monitoring of their mobile phone use by means of a screen recorder, to monitor the real impact of ads. 41 hours of recording were analyzed and a total of 2 410 mobile ads were subjected to content analysis. This study shows that search advertising and commercial content created by influencers generate the highest percentage of interaction clicks, particularly when advertising toys, electronics and entertainment brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Despite its relevance, the difficulty in reaching consensus on the definition of digital competence slows down its implementation. The need of prior development of specific skills to advance in digital development has been recently reported. The acquisition of skills involves making the most of the opportunities offered by the digital environment. This article shows the results from a research conducted on 501 parent-child dyads in Chile in which minors aged 10 to 14 reported their self-perceptions on who (parents, siblings and peers) taught them certain technical and operational digital skills on mobile devices. Parents were also surveyed to know their perception about this children's social mediation. Socio-demographic variables are also analysed. Chilean minors have a clear perception of autonomy in the acquisition of digital competence, parents underestimate their ability to influence, and other socialization agents such as siblings play a significant role. Age, gender and socioeconomic level to a lesser extent mark differences in the acquisition of these skills. In addition to providing a comparison on the perception parents and children have on the extent to which minors are accompanied while on their mobile phone, the article goes beyond parental mediation strategies and collects parental reflections on types of mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common to identify the ability to recognize advertising as a requirement for the development of a critical attitude towards commercial content. This paper reflects on the perception parents have of their children who, as active users of mobile devices, are recipients of advertising. We thought interesting to draw a comparison between parent and child responses to corroborate the level of consistency between adult perception and what children stated regarding their attitude towards the advertising to which they were exposed. In order to do so a survey was applied in dyads in 501 households in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile showing that parents and guardians tend to underestimate the trust that children place in the advertising appearing on the channels they watch most on their mobile devices. It is needed a ground a solid starting point to enable subsequent research on childcare, content supervision and parental and social mediation. IMPACT SUMMARY a. Prior State of Knowledge: Researchers agree on the limitations of the conceptual knowledge of a message's persuasive intention for children to process commercial content. However, the potential impact of the advertising children deal with through digital media, and their parents' awareness of it, is under-researched. b. Novel Contributions: There are important differences in the perception of children and parents regarding mobile advertising and the way children interact with it. Parents are not aware of how their children trust the commercial messages they see while using their mobile phones. c. Practical Implications: Differences in perceptions between children and their parents are of interest to parental mediation researchers. From a methodological perspective, this article shows that parent-child dyad research is highly relevant, because it can reveal nuances in children's media use and media literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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