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Pancardan şeker üretimi yapan fabrikalarda şerbet pH’ına etki edip, sakkarozun parçalanması sonucu invert şeker oluşumuyla birlikte, sakkarozun kristallenmesini engelleyen önemli faktörlerden biri organik asitlerdir. Bu çalışmada, kristal şeker üretim rafinerisi koyu şerbet aşamasında aktif karbon ve modifiye pomza taşı kullanılarak adsorbsiyon işlemiyle önemli bir kalite faktörü olan renk sorununun iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Konya Şeker Fabrikası 2020/2021 kampanya dönemi üretim hattından belirli zamanlarda şerbet numuneleri alındıktan sonra asetik asit, propiyonik asit ve bütirik asit miktarları belirlenmiştir. Asit miktarları HPLC cihazı ile nicel olarak tayin edilmiştir. Ayrıca, adsorpsiyon öncesinde ve sonrasında pH ve ICUMSA metodları kullanılarak şerbet rengi karşılaştırması yapılmıştır., Organic acids are one of the important factors preventing the crystallization of sucrose, together with the formation of invert sugar as a result of the decomposition of sucrose and affecting the pH of the syrup in factories producing sugar from beet. In this study, it is aimed to improve the color problem, which is an important quality factor, by adsorption process using activated carbon and modified pumice stone during the dark syrup stage of the crystal sugar production refinery. After the syrup samples are taken from the Konya Sugar Factory 2020/2021 campaign production line at certain times, the amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid are determined. Acid amounts have been determined quantitatively by HPLC device. Also, syrup colors have been compared using pH and ICUMSA methods before and after adsorption.

Aimof this study is to produce highly active hybrid propolis-TiO2nanocomposites using sol-gel method and to use it remediation of food industrywaste. Propolis solution was prepared in ethanol and added to sol-gel mixtureat increasing volume (0.25,0.50, 0.75, 1.00 mL) to prepare propolis-TiO2 (P-TiO2)hybrid catalyst. Neat TiO2 was also prepared by the same sol-geltechnique and its action was compared to propolis doped ones. Catalysts werecalcinated at 300 oC to obtain desired anatase form.Afterproduction the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR. Sunset Yellow (SY), Allura red(AR) and Tartrazine (TT) were used as model compounds ([C]0=10 mgL-1,catalyst mass=1 gL-1) . Concentration of dyes were monitored byUV-vis spectrometry. P-TiO2 catalyst prepared with 1.00 mL propolis solutionwas extremely effective for removal of all dyes studies for both 254 nm and 365nm light exposure. LED light exposure provided lower removal rate (approx..25%) but it was still significant for dye removal.

Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde toplanan limonyapraklarından (Citrus limonum)Ag nanopartiküllerin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu araştırılmıştır. Limonyaprağı örneklerinin mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu için bir ev mikrodalga sistemicihazı kullanıldı.10 g kurutulmuş limon yaprağı alınarak ekstrakt hazırlandı.Oda sıcaklığında, 10 g numune 100 mL suda 90 dakika çalkalandı ve bir evmikrodalga cihazında, 600 W gücünde 4 dakika ekstrakte edildi, elde edilen suluçözeltiden farklı hacimler alınarak 100 mL AgN03(1,5 mM) çözeltisi ile karıştırılır ve karışım, 90, 180, 360 W gücünde 1, 3, 5,10, 15, 20 ve 30 dakika boyunca mikrodalgaya maruz bırakılarak Agnanopartikülleri sentezlendi. Daha sonra üretilen AgNP'lerin kolloid çözeltisi,AgNP'lerin yüzey plazmon rezonansı (SPR) için UV-Vis spektroskopisi ile(Shimadzu UVP-1240 spektrofotometre) farklı dalga boylarında (300 - 800 nm)ölçümleriyle izlendi. Sarıdan koyu kahverengiye renk değişimi gümüşnanopartiküllerin sentezini gösterir., The synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles from Citrus limonum(lemon leaves) collected the Eastern Black Sea region was investigated inthis study. A household microwave system device was used for microwaveextraction of lemon leaves samples. The extract was prepared by taking 10g ofdried lemon leaves. 10 g of sample wasshaken in 100 mL of water for 90 min and extracted in a household microwavedevice at 4 minutes, 600 W. Agnanoparticles were synthesized that the obtained aqueous solution was taken indifferent volumes by mixing 1 mM and 5mM AgNO3 solution. The colloidsolution was subjected to microwave in an oven 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30minutes at 90, 180, 360 W. Then production of AgNPs, the mixture was watched byUV-Vis spectroscopy (Shimadzu UVP-1240 spectrophotometer) measurements atdifferent wavelengths (300 – 800 nm) for SPR of silver nanoparticles. The transition from yellow to a dark brown,shows the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

Melek KOÇ, Cansu ALBAY, İlknur ALTIN, İsmail DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU, Rıza BAYRAK, Münevver SÖKMEN Department of Chemistry, ScienceFaculty, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, TÜRKİYE, No abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the hexane and methanol extracts of the aboveground parts and roots of some Astragalus species grown in the vicinity of Erzurum, located in the eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The methanol extract, which was obtained from the aboveground parts of Astragalus species, exhibited mild free radical scavenging activity providing 50% inhibition at the concentrations between 68.8 and 400.4 mg/ml. The hexane/dichloromethane extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus species did not show any free radical scavenging activity. However, the linoleic acid oxidation inhibition ability of the non-polar extracts seems to be higher than that of the polar methanolic extracts. The methanol root extracts were mild antioxidants but the non-polar root extracts of A. microcephalus Willd., A. macrocephalus Willd., A. erinaceus Fisch. & Mey. ex Fischer, A. psoraloides Lam., and A. argyroides Becker ex Stapf. were extremely active in DPPH test. IC50 values were 35.2 mg/ml, 21.0 mg/ml, 22.0 mg/ml 20.3 mg/ml, and 38.0 mg/ml, respectively. In the case of b-carotene-linoleic acid system, the extract obtained from A. psoraloides Lam. exhibited strong inhibition among studied Astragalus species. Furthermore, the extracts, which were obtained from the tested Astragalus species, were evaluated for their possible in vitro antibacterial, anticandidal, and antifungal activities based on disk diffusion assay. The results suggested that none of the extracts has antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms.

Bu çalışma, Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. ve Salvia sclarea L. bitkilerinin çeşitli özütleri ve uçucu yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antiviral aktivitelerinin ve uçucu yağ içeriğinin araştırılması için tasarlanmıştır. Uçucu yağ aktivitesi, insan, bitki ve gıda kaynaklı geniş bir mikroorganizma grubuna karşı test edilmiştir. 35 bakteri, 19 mantar ve maya türlerinden oluşan toplam 55 mikroorganizma disk difüzyon metodu, mikro-dilüsyon ve mikro-well dilüsyon yöntemleri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Uçucu yağlar test edilen mantarlardan bazılarına karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip iken bakterilerden hiçbirine karşı aktivite gözlenmemiştir. Hidrodistilasyon ile elde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşenleri GC-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Salvia türlerinin yağının temel bileşenleri spathulenol (% 29,30) ve germacrene D (% 24,72) olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer önemli bileşenler ise sırası ile sclareoloxide (% 14,08) ve ?-caryophyllene (% 16,24) olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar bu Salvia türlerinin bitkisel yağ bileşenlerinde önemli derecede farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Antioksidan aktivite, serbest radikal giderici DPPH ve linoleik asit oksidasyonu olmak üzere iki metot kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Kontrol olarak kullanılan sentetik antioksidan BHT (% 96 1)’e karşı, ?-karoten/linoleik asit sistem seviyeleri sırası ile % 85,1 1 ve % 76,6 1, olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antiviral aktivite çalışmalarında Salvia türlerinin MeOH özütleri önemli anti-influenza virus etkisi ve sınırlı antiherpetik etki göstermiştir. The present study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. and Salvia sclarea L., as well as the content of its essential oil. The activities of essential oils were tested against a wide range of human-, plant-, and food-borne microorganisms. A total of 55 microbial organisms belonging to 35 bacteria and 19 fungi and yeast species were tested using disk diffusion, micro dilution, and micro-well dilution. The essential oils were found to possess antimicrobial activity against some of the tested fungi, while no activity was observed against the bacteria. The chemical compositions of the plant hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The main compounds of Salvia species oils were spathulenol (29.30%) and germacrene D (24.72%). Other important components were sclareoloxide (14.08%) and β-caryophyllene (16.24%). The results showed that the compositions of the essential oils of these Salvia species varied significantly. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2 methods, namely scavenging of free radical DPPH and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. In the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, values were 85.1% ± 1 and 76.6% ± 1, respectively, being comparable with that of the synthetic antioxidant BHT (96% ± 1). In antiviral activity assays, the MeOH extracts from Salvia species had a significant anti-influenza virus effect and limited antiherpetic activity.