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Introduction: Medicinal plants and their substances are used as adjunctive therapies for a range of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Syzygium aromaticum and Persea americana, in particular, have demonstrated beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in the management of inflammation. Although the extracts from these plants have been assessed in research, the possibility of combining them to synthesise a mouthwash and evaluate its effectiveness has not yet been investigated. Aim: To evaluate the combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a mouthwash formulation based on the extensively nutritious avocado fruit (Persea americana) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro investigation was carried out in the Oral Pathology and Microbiology Department at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between December 2021 and July 2022. A mouthwash was formulated with extracts from clove and avocado fruit, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were evaluated using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) denaturation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Microsoft Excel was utilised for data collection, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 with independent t-tests was used for statistical analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The anti-inflammatory activity of the prepared mouthwash based on P. americana and Syzygium aromaticum at a concentration of 50 μL (86.62% inhibition) was comparable to that of the standard drug (diclofenac sodium) (84.82% inhibition); however, its antioxidant properties were significantly lower. Conclusion: The mouthwash synthesised from the edible part of P. americana in conjunction with Syzygium aromaticum exhibited superior anti-inflammatory properties, with the highest activity observed at a concentration of 50 μL. Therefore, the prepared formulation could be used for managing minor inflammatory conditions.

Wound healing is a crucial biological process for tissue repair and regeneration, preventing infections and complications. There's been a growing interest in exploring sustainable wound healing strategies in recent years. This review examines the use of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in sustainable wound healing strategies. It highlights the need for innovative approaches and the challenges posed by infections. The current wound therapies and treatments, highlighting gaps in existing methodologies, are evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in green synthesis techniques for the synthesis of AgNPs. The properties and characterization of AgNPs are elucidated, providing insights into their efficacy. The biocompatibility of AgNPs in wound healing is also explored, emphasizing safety in medical applications. Green synthesized AgNPs incorporated wound dressings are detailed, showcasing their potential in clinical settings. Challenges and future perspectives are discussed, addressing hurdles to widespread implementation. The conclusion consolidates key findings, offering a synthesized perspective on the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs in revolutionizing current knowledge on innovative approaches for sustainable wound healing practices.

Wound healing is a complex process that involves a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Because of their remarkable characteristics and capabilities, nanomaterials have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents for wound healing. Many different nanomaterial-based wound-healing treatments have been created and put into widespread use. In this review, we compile the most recent research on cutting-edge nanomaterials for wound healing, including both organic and inorganic nanomaterials. We highlight prospective approaches for developing nanomaterial-based wound healing therapy procedures and talk about the benefits and limitations of these treatments. Future prospects for wound healing therapies based on nanomaterials are discussed, including the need to address toxicity concerns, the scalability of production, and the long-term stability of nanomaterials. The safety and effectiveness of nanomaterials depend on further investigation into their design, interactions with biological systems, and the results of rigorous preclinical and clinical trials. There is great potential for a dramatic improvement in patient outcomes with the introduction of nanomaterial-based wound healing therapies.

The study focuses on developing a new way to deliver the narcolepsy medication pitolisant. Electrospinning was used to make polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) polymers into pitolisant nanofibers (PT-NF). A design expert created the best formulation to optimise the process variables like applied voltage, distance, and feed rate. The nanofibers were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release studies. Results showed that the optimal PT-NF formulation had an average diameter of 172 ​nm with an entrapment efficacy of 95 ​% and 92 ​% drug release within 45 ​min. HPG polymer was included in the optimised formulation, whose average fibre diameter was 118 ​nm with 98 ​% entrapment efficacy and 98 ​± ​2 ​% drug release within 30 ​min. These findings strongly suggest that PT nanofibers hold substantial promise as a viable alternative to conventional solid dosage forms for brain-targeted administration, especially when administered via a transdermal patch to a patient during sleep.

Nanotechnology has enormous promise for a wide range of applications in biology. Nanoparticles (NPs) have the benefit of improving bioactivity, decreasing toxicity, allowing for precision targeting, and modulating the release profile of encapsulated compounds. Nanomaterials' unique qualities, such as their tiny size, biocompatibility, and ability to cross cell membranes for drug administration, make them useful in a variety of biological applications. Selenium (Se), a critical trace element, stands out among these nanoparticles due to its specific bioactivities in nano forms. Selenium is incorporated into Selenoproteins such as selenocysteine (Sec), which play an important role in maintaining physiological redox balance via oxidoreductase activity, a critical enzymatic process. In the field of medication delivery, selenium-based devices have been designed to transport pharmaceuticals to specific locations. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) appear to be a suitable platform for delivering medications to their desired sites. Selenium's medicinal potential has been thoroughly investigated, including its efficacy against various cancer cells, microbial pathogens, viral infections, neuroprotective properties, diabetic control, oxidative stress, and inflammation-mediated illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis. Notably, due to selenium's extraordinary involvement in immune system regulation, SeNPs have an edge over other nanoparticles. SeNPs phytosynthesis offers an appealing alternative to standard physical and chemical processes, featuring biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. This paper gives an overview of SeNPs' biological uses and emphasizes recent advances in the field.

Abstract Biomedical nanocomposites, which are an upcoming breed of mischievous materials, have ushered in a new dimension in the healthcare sector. Incorporating these materials tends to boost features this component already possesses and give might to things these components could not withstand alone. The biopolymer, which carries the nanoparticles, can simultaneously improve the composite's stiffness and biological characteristics, and vice versa. This increases the options of the composite and the number of times it can be used. The bio-nanocomposites and nanoparticles enable the ecocompatibility of the medicine in their biodegradability, and they, in this way, have ecological sustainability. The outcome is the improved properties of medicine and its associated positive impact on the environment. They have broad applications in antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, tissue regeneration, wound care, dentistry, bioimaging, and bone filler, among others. The dissertation on the elements of bio-nanocomposites emphasizes production techniques, their diverse applications in medicine, match-up issues, and future-boasting prospects in the bio-nanocomposites field. Through the utilization of such materials, scientists can develop more suitable for the environment and healthy biomedical solutions, and world healthcare in this way improves as well.

Plant compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, enzymes, and alkaloids are used as reducing agents in eco-friendly titanium dioxide nanoparticle manufacturing. In the current investigation, titanium oxide was converted into titanium dioxide nanoparticles with the application of a lemon extract. Amazingly, the process was also cheap, eco-friendly, and easy to implement. Seeing the white fluid change to a pale yellowish white allowed us to visually confirm that the nanoparticles had been successfully created. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were employed for further characterization. Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were measured to be between 30 and 45 nm in size. In the DPPH assay, a titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentration of 50 L was shown to be optimal for antioxidant activity. The results of the bovine serum albumin denaturation experiment validated the green produced nanoparticles' dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect. Consequently, the green synthetic titanium dioxide nanoparticles have great potential as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in future medicinal applications.

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the nanoparticles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size. In this study, AgNPs were extracted from Ocimum tenuiflorum and Stevia rebaudiana which is a medicinal plant of Indian origin, worshipped by the Hindus and used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of AgNPs reinforced with the herb O. tenuiflorum and S. rebaudiana against oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the organisms used were Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus sp., and Candida albicans. Agar well-diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the nanoparticles at 25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL. To assess the cytotoxic effect, brine shrimp lethality assay was used. Results: Zone of inhibition was found to be highest at 100 μL against S. mutans, S. aureus, Lactobacillus sp., and C. albicans. The cytotoxic activity at 5 μL and 10 μL was 0%. The maximum cytotoxicity was seen at 80 μL where 30% of the Nauplii's died. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that AgNPs reinforced with O. tenuiflorum and S. rebaudiana extracts has the potential as an antimicrobial agent and has less cytotoxic effect on brime shrimp and can be used as an alternative to commercially available antimicrobial agents.

The aim of this study is to analyze and characterize the antimicrobial effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (NP) synthesized using neem and ginger. Finely grounded neem and ginger powder were taken and mixed with distilled water. This mixture was then heated and filtered. Ammonium cerium nitrate dissolved in distilled water. Both the mixtures were mixed and stirred magnetically. A double-beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to monitor color changes. The extract was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 min. The final pellet was powdered using a hot air oven at 70°C for 24 h. Visualization was done by transmission electron microscopy and spherical morphology was noted, with an average diameter of 5 nm, in aggregated form. The sample containing 100 mg of cerium oxide shows the most significant effect on the zone of inhibition of 11 mm of Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained in the current study confirmed that CeO-NP possessed antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.

A cast post is a one-piece unit that is custom fabricated for the tooth at the dental laboratory. Traditional extracts such as neem and green tea have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against pathogens. The empty canal space may provide a suitable environment for promoting bacterial growth. The main aim of the study is to find the antimicrobial activity of the cast post coated with the nanoparticle. Prepared cast post was coated with prepared green tea and neem-mediated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Culture is done in agar media where control is noncoated post and another is nanoparticle coated post was implanted in the agar media. The zone of inhibition was noted and statistical analysis was done. The maximum zone of inhibition found on Candida albicans (19.333 2.081) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (14.000 3.605), and Streptococcus mutans (12.666 2.516). Green tea and neem-mediated ZnO nanoparticle showed good antimicrobial activity against the tester microorganism. Cast post coated with nanoparticles has been proved to be important as it is helpful in the prevention of origin and spread of infection around the canal and through the apical foramen.

This research was aimed at observing how antibacterial strength, colour stability, and compressive strength of chitosan modified PMMA compare to non modified PMMA [polymethyl methacrylate]. The study consisted of 2 groups - chitosan modified PMMA was the test group while unmodified PMMA was the control group. Twenty-four specimens were prepared for each group. Compressive strength was evaluated using the Universal testing machine. The antimicrobial action against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. A reflectance spectrophotometer was used to measure the baseline colour following the CIE L*a*b* scheme. Following these experiments, the specimens were submerged in coffee and distilled water solutions [n = 8] for 15 days each. Color stability was measured by comparing the coordinates obtained pre and post the ageing method. Independent t test used to examine data on colour change and compressive strength. [α = 0.05] It was observed that the incorporation of chitosan into polymethylmethacrylate increases its compressive strength. This was statistically significant [P = 0.00]. Improved colour stability was also observed [P = 0.000]. Antimicrobial action against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus was seen in the chitosan modified group. Chitosan incorporation provides a promising improvement in the properties of the polymethylmethacrylate however further research with invivo studies are required to come to a conclusion.

Wound damage must be shielded from inflammatory responses caused by the external environment, while also receiving adequate moisture and promoting wound healing. Cinnamomum verum, Coleus aromaticus/amboinicus, and Mentha have proven effects on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects as separate in various studies, but no studies have observed the synergistic effects of one herb on the other. The aim of the present study is to assess the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of karpooravalli, mint, and cinnamon formulation against wound pathogens for better healing of mouth ulcers through an in vitro study for further mouth paint preparation. Herbal extract is prepared using herbal plants karpooravalli, mint, and cinnamon. We studied the antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas with ampicillin antibiotic disks as positive control and anti-inflammatory with control of diclofenac sodium. The antimicrobial activity of zone of inhibition increased with higher concentration of 100 μL against E. coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas at 20 mm, 18 mm, and 15 mm, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity showed the highest percentage of inhibition using 50 μL with 91.5%; this reveals good anti-inflammatory activity by the synergistic action of the herbal formulation. The synergistic effect of the herbal formulation had a comparable anti-inflammatory activity as that of the standard. Hence, it can be employed in large-scale production and may be used for fabricating a natural product based on mouthwashes and mouth paints.

Introduction: Terminalia Arjuna (TA) has been used in the field of ayurvedic and unani medicine for quite some time now. It has been shown to possess several medicinal properties. Literature has highlighted the osteoinductive properties of TA and has been extensively been used for its fracture healing and bone forming potential. This would have a positive impact in the field of periodontics and orthodontics, which require bone grafts to maintain ideal periodontal conditions. Aim: To synthesise TA-mediated Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (TA-HApNPs) and subject it to morphological assessment and evaluate its cytotoxic and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was done under a laboratory setting within the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, extending for a period of one month from April 2022 to May 2022. A 1 g of TA plant bark was mixed with 100 mL distilled water and heated to derive the plant extract. A 20 mL of distilled water was mixed with 0.502 g of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). An 80 mL of TA extract was mixed with 20 mL of HAp solution. The mixture was placed in a magnetic stirrer and was subjected to an Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) double beam spectrophotometer. The solution was dried and was subjected to Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis for morphological characterisation, 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for the assessment of antioxidant properties and brine shrimp lethality test to evaluate its cytotoxic properties. The results were obtained electronically, tabulated in a spreadsheet and were subjected to descriptive statistics using Microsoft excel 2019 Management Services Organisation (MSO) (Version 2202; Build 16.0.14931.20118). Results: UV-Spectroscopy revealed a sharp peak at 375 nm wavelength suggesting Nanoparticle (NPs) formation. Spherical shaped NPs with size ranging from 5-25 nm were seen under the TEM. At concentration of 48 μL also TA-HApNPs elicited good cytotoxicity as seven out of 10 brine shrimps were alive at the end of 24 hours. Good antioxidant properties at 50 μL concentration with a DPPH assay reading of 1.044 was noted. Conclusion: The TA-HApNPs can be synthesised using simple and routinely used laboratory armamentarium in the size range of 5-25nm. TA-HApNPs have minimal cytotoxic effect and a good antioxidant activity.

Abstract Silver nanoparticles are opted to have various applications in different fields ranging from traditional medicines to culinary items. It is toxic and most effective against bacteria, fungi viruses, parasites, parasite carrying vectors such as mosquitoes and their larvae and other eukaryotic microorganisms at low concentration without any side effects and toxicity to humans. In view of these data, the present research has been investigated by synthesizing silver nanoparticles using 1mM silver nitrate and aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida. The variation of nanoparticles in size and shape concerning the concentration of extract prepared were analysed. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by colour changing from yellowish green to reddish-brown implicating the surface plasmon resonance. Further, it was concluded by obtaining an absorbance peak at 420 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer analysis. FTIR analysis was used to identify the capping ligands, which included alkanes, aromatic groups and nitro compounds. The average grain size of ~12 nm to 14 nm with crystalline phase was revealed by X-ray Diffraction studies. The SEM images depicted the surface morphology with agglomeration; TEM studies showed the shape of nanoparticles as spherical and hexagonal with sizes ranging from 40 nm to 100 nm and EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver as the principal constituent. The characterized silver nanoparticles were then tested for synergistic antibacterial effects with tetracycline, and the results show that they are more active against E. coli and S. aureus, but moderately effective against B. cereus and K. pneumoniae . It also had a strong larval and pupal toxic effects on the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti with the highest mortality. As a result, silver nanoparticles could be a viable alternative for a variety of applications.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the prepared Gold Nanoparticles from Triphala Plant extract and of the indigenous mouthwash prepared from these Triphala based gold nanoparticles (AuNP’s) using Artemia salina test. Its objective was to assess whether the prepared mouthwash was safe and biocompatible to use as an alternative to commercial mouthwashes in orthodontic patients to reduce the plaque load around brackets and bands as an adjuvant to tooth brushing. 15 g of brine shrimps was hatched in salt solution after incubating them for 24 – h. Prepared AuNP’s at concentrations 0µL (microliter), 5µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL, 50µL were added using a micropipette in one of the microtiter plates and mouthwash prepared from these AuNP’s were added at concentrations 0µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL, 40µL, 50µL in another microtiter plate. 10 Hatched nauplii (brine shrimps) were added in each of these microtiter plates and incubated for 24 – h. All nauplii were alive at the end of 24 – h in the microtiter plate containing AuNP’s. At concentrations 0µL, 10µL, 20µL, 30µL nauplii were alive and at 40µL, 50µL concentrations no nauplii were alive at the end of 24 – h in the microtiter plate containing mouthwash. Triphala mediated AuNP’s showed no toxic effect on the brine shrimps. AuNP’s based mouthwash showed excellent compatibility at lower concentrations. Mild toxic effects were elicited at higher concentrations. Hence, AuNP’s could be used to prepare mouthwashes at 20- 30 µL concentrations.

Introduction: Marine algae possess a plethora of secondary active metabolites which has many biomedical applications. Anti-bacterial activity against oral cariogenic bacteria is reported in literature, however there is no comprehensive review available. Hence, this review is attempted to collate all the evidence available regarding the marine algal extracts and its constituents against oral cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Electronic search was conducted in the Google scholar, the Pubmed database and various clinical trial registries. Included studies were clinical, in-vitro studies assessing DMFT, DMFS, minimum inhibitory concentration or colony forming unit counts. Result: A total of 19 trials were obtained out of which only 7 were eligible for this review. Quality assessment was done by Higgins and Greens (2011) method. Results showed all the studies where they used crude algal extracts or its active constituents were showing anti-bacterial activity. Conclusion: Thus, this review showed that marine algal extracts and other constituents are having anti-microbial properties, making them potential anti-microbial agents for oral hygiene maintenance without adverse effects of currently available chemical based oral care products.

Aim: To assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a formulation containing lycopene, raspberry, green tea herbal, and silver particles. Materials and Methods: In this study, a formulation of lycopene (10%), raspberry (25%), green tea (95% polyphenols), and silver nanoparticles was subjected to anti-inflammatory testing using bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay and antioxidant testing by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. Results: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assays showed that the highest inhibition was seen at 50 μL concentration. Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that the combination of herbal extracts along with silver nanoparticles has better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

In this work, an eco-friendly and cost effective green synthesis has been employed to the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from the non-toxic aqueous Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract as a reducing agent. The surface plasmon resonance band at 442 nm in the UV–visible absorption spectra strongly affirms the development of Ag NPs in the aqueous medium. X-ray diffraction spectra confirm that the synthesized samples have face centre cubic structure of Ag NPs and the EDX analysis also supports the formation of Ag metal NPs by the energy peak at 3 keV. TEM study discloses that most of the synthesized Ag NPs are spherical in shape and the average particle size falls in the ranging between 20 and 30 nm. Gymnema sylvestre plant extracts biomolecules involved in the reduction process was determined by FT-IR analysis. The synthesized Ag NPs showed good antibacterial activity on the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Artabotrys suaveolens is an evergreen shrub that belongs to the Annonaceae family, traditionally known for its use in regulating menstruation and in treating cholera. Other medicinal properties of this shrub remain to be studied and validated. The current study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of methanolic extract of Artabotrys suaveolens leaves in vitro using 3T3L1 cell line. Antidiabetic property of methanolic extract of A. suaveolens was evaluated in vitro by assaying for glucose uptake and the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT4). The effect of A. suaveolens extract in inhibiting the activity of α-Glucosidase and, α-Amylase enzymes was also evaluated using colorimetric assays. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined using the MTT assay. A. suaveolens (AS) extract treatment enhanced glucose uptake in 77.39 % of the cells, and GLUT4 expression was found in 74.87 % of the cells treated with AS extract. The extract inhibited α-amylase activity by 70.29 % and α-glucosidase activity by 74.06%. MTT assay showed that, AS extract had no cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1. Our results attribute a promising anti-diabetic property for the methanolic extract of A. suaveolens leaves. Further studies that elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-diabetic property of the extract must be carried out to recommend this as a possible alternative treatment for diabetes.

Current report in this study, using plant-derived nanoparticles and green synthesis has become the emerging area of research. It was originated to enhance our insight on the strength and environment impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP). The particles were synthesized using Passiflora caerulea leaf extract and characterized by using UV-visible, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, AFM analysis. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to be one of the most versatile inorganic nanoparticles with its application in the treatment of human pathogens, and we focused the nanoparticles toxicity. In the result, we found a maximum zone of inhibition Trichophyton rubrum 104.648 ± 0.008 when compared with the control. The mean standard deviation for the silver nanoparticles which was available for the size was nearly 23.94 ± 8.67 nm. Besides, the toxicity was life stage dependent. The zebrafish embryos/larvae are additionally mentioned lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles 80 μg/ml and instructed during this study as a good protocol for evaluating the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. Keywords: Antidermatophytic activity, Nanotoxicity, Embryonic toxicity, Passiflora caerulea

Zinc oxide, an established inorganic metal oxide in nanoparticles form exhibits tremendous anti-bacterial activity. The present study focuses on determining the anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Results clearly validate the effective synthesis of spherical shaped nanoparticles with average size range of 60–80 nm. SEM and EDAX data buttresses the results obtained by XRD pattern in terms of size and purity. ZnO NPs exhibited dose-dependent anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the IC50 value was calculated to be around 20 μg/mL. Growth kinetics study was conducted in the presence of nanoparticles which demonstrated the bacteriostatic effect of ZnO NPs. The study recommends the potential use of ZnO NPs in industries like food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, cosmetic industries for its anti-bacterial activity. Keywords: Green synthesis, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Anti-bacterial activity, E. coli, Growth kinetics

The present investigation deals with the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles in an ecofriendly manner using leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata. Green-synthesized copper nanoparticles were studied for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and catalytic activity. The leaves were powdered and extracted with water and added to copper sulphate solution. The reduction of copper ions to nanoparticles was preliminarily identified by the color change of the reaction mixture. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a different wavelength with different time intervals. Functional groups available on the surface of the nanoparticle were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface roughness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed six distinct intense peaks indicating the crystalline nature of synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated polydispersed nanoparticles formed in the reaction process. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated by an agar well diffusion assay against pathogenic bacteria. The antioxidant activity showed the excellent reduction of DPPH free radicals by nanoparticles. These results confirmed that copper nanoparticles serve as an alternative therapeutic agent over conventional drugs. Moreover, copper nanoparticles were also used to study the effect on the dye degradation process of methyl red and eosin dyes. Copper nanoparticles effectively remove the dyes with high efficiency up to 92% and 95% of methyl red and eosin dye, respectively.

Phytosynthesis particles are the efficient activity of biomedical and environmental. In this present study, the green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using the king of bitter herbal plant Andrographis paniculata was synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, AFM, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. The size of the particles HRTEM shows 50 nm, and SEM shows the spherical shape, which reveals the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD spectrum shows crystallinity of nanoparticles, and an average size is calculated about 22.97 nm. The phytosynthesis TiO2 shows the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Similarly, toxicity studies have demonstrated the hatching and viability LD 50 value of TiO2 250 μg/L. The current study’s findings suggested that phytosynthesis TiO2 using extract of Andrographis paniculata exposure to potential hazard factors to biomedical and environmental uses.

Since its high toxicity and mobility, hexavalent chromium is considered to be a high priority pollutant. This study was performed to carry out a remediation test along with toxicity assessment in a water sample collected from the saturated zone of a historically Cr (VI)-contaminated site known as a Puliyanthangal lake (Tamilnadu, India) using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI). The water samples were examined before and after the nZVI application by means of microbial cultivation tests, phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and toxicological tests. The present experimental results revealed that Cr (VI) is considerably adsorbed on nZVI nanoparticles and it could be a cost-effective method for the in situ remediations of Cr (VI). In addition, standard plate count assay showed the dose-dependent decrease in the bacterial cell viability in lake water sample after the addition of nZVI. Keywords: Iron nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Heavy metal degradation, E. coli, Groundwater remediation, Toxicity

A cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) has a wide range of applications in different fields, especially biomedical division. As a matter of concern, it has a major impact on the human health and environment. The aim of this review is to address the different ways of synthesis of nanoceria using chemical and green synthesis methods and characterization and the applications of nanoceria for antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial activities and toxicological studies including the most recent studies carried out in vivo and in vitro to study the problems. We have exclusively discussed on the toxicology of nanoceria exposed to the general public along with recent advances in the studies of antimicrobial, toxicity and anti-oxidant activity.

In this present investigation, we have synthesized the copper nanoparticles using the eco-friendly green method. This work explains that biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles by using Persea americana of seed extract with easier and green technique. The nanoparticles can be characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. Copper nanoparticles are the spherical shape and crystalline in nature, the size range of these particles around 42–90 nm the elemental and chemical composition was characterized by FT-IR. The copper nanoparticles are having good antifungal and antibacterial activity against the diseases causing pathogens. The antioxidant activity of Persea americana mediated copper nanoparticles was evaluated by using DPPH assay. Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Structure, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant

Nanotechnology is the formation, running and use of operation at the nanomaterial size scale (1–100 nm). Nanoscale materials can also be obtained by biological synthesis materials via eco-friendly green chemistry based technique. Current development and numerous strategies involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles were focussed. This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles. Plant extract which was done experimentally gives its various characterization which leads to the identification of compounds of different nano size and shape. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is in different shapes like spherical, rod, cubic, triangle and also in different sizes. Various application and importance of gold nanoparticles in numerous fields were discussed. The mark of the review is to provide an overview of recent learning in biosynthesized nanoparticles, its characterization and their potential applications.