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Now days the Inconel 690 material widely used in aerospace industries for good strength to weight ratio and also good corrosion-resistant. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is one of the non-traditional machinery process, based on thermoelectric energy between the work piece and electrode in this process, the material removal is accrued electro thermally by the series of successive discrete discharge between electrode and Workpiece. The machining characteristics of the machined surface are influenced by the machining parameters of EDM. So in this work, the peak current (IP), Pulse on time (Ton) and dielectric Flushing Pressure (FPr) were taken as an input parameter and surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) were taken as a machining response parameter. The taquchi L27 orthogonal array was used for experiment and RSM based ANOVA incorporated in order find the significance. The investigation revealed that the higher level of IP, Ton and FPr generate poorer surface finish and higher MRR and also the lower level of parameters give good surface finish and poorer MRR.

The social problem of “Unemployment” has been taken as research topic for the scientometric study. The data has been downloaded from Web of Science and the span of years has been selected from 2008 to 2012. Hypotheses are assumed and appropriate statistical tool has been utilized to the test the hypotheses. The interpretation has been given along with relevant data in tabular form. It was identified that the majority of the communicating format of language in the research output is of English. The journal articles dominated all the other type of publications. The prediction of Alfred Lotka on author productivity was not suitable for this research work.The findings reveal that enormous literatures related to the “Unemployment” are published to alarm the policy makers about the up-coming danger. It is requested the policy makers of the global countries to lay new policies to see the human beings to be employable. It is suggested that the society to raise the standard of their employable skills to be worthy for being employable. It it also suggested to the respective educational authorities towards the revival in the curriculum of the educational system of global countries.

Employee performance appraisal is one of the most usually used management tools especially in the European countries and it has started being used in India about a couple of decades ago. As such performance appraisal system is also one of the most widely discussed and researched areas in industrial/organizational psychology (DeNisi, 1997; Murphy & Cleveland, 1995). The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute or affect the effectiveness of performance appraisal in the insurance industries in Bengaluru. Explicitly, this study focused on the positive influence of these determining factors to the organization and the competitive advantage that the organization can achieve. This study also intended to determine the factors of concern about the effective implementation of performance appraisal system. An integral part of this research was to develop and empirically test a model of effectiveness of performance appraisal system in the context of the insurance industries in Bengaluru.Grounded on the concepts of Longenecker’s and Fink’s (1999) System Perspective and Greenberg’s (1986) Organizational Justice Theory, this research used a questionnaire to assess insurance industries in terms of their perception and perspective of the effective system design, managerial systems practices and system support toward effectiveness of performance appraisal, as well as to assess their perceived fairness toward achieving an effective performance appraisal system. A questionnaire survey method was used to accumulate primary data from emails which have been sent out to the participants. The survey yielded 130 usable questionnaires, with a response rate of 36.08 percent. Statistical analysis methods like t-test were used to analyze the data. The research findings revealed that the system design, managerial systems practices and system support were significantly and positively related with the effectiveness of performance appraisal system. Based on the research results, managerial implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.Employee performance appraisal is one of the most usually used management tools especially in the European countries and it has started being used in India about a couple of decades ago. As such performance appraisal system is also one of the most widely discussed and researched areas in industrial/organizational psychology (DeNisi, 1997; Murphy & Cleveland, 1995). The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute or affect the effectiveness of performance appraisal in the insurance industries in Bengaluru. Explicitly, this study focused on the positive influence of these determining factors to the organization and the competitive advantage that the organization can achieve. This study also intended to determine the factors of concern about the effective implementation of performance appraisal system. An integral part of this research was to develop and empirically test a model of effectiveness of performance appraisal system in the context of the insurance industries in Bengaluru.Grounded on the concepts of Longenecker’s and Fink’s (1999) System Perspective and Greenberg’s (1986) Organizational Justice Theory, this research used a questionnaire to assess insurance industries in terms of their perception and perspective of the effective system design, managerial systems practices and system support toward effectiveness of performance appraisal, as well as to assess their perceived fairness toward achieving an effective performance appraisal system. A questionnaire survey method was used to accumulate primary data from emails which have been sent out to the participants. The survey yielded 130 usable questionnaires, with a response rate of 36.08 percent. Statistical analysis methods like t-test were used to analyze the data. The research findings revealed that the system design, managerial systems practices and system support were significantly and positively related with the effectiveness of performance appraisal system. Based on the research results, managerial implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.

Brand loyalty is a much debated topic in marketing and the present challenge for marketers' lie in understanding the self-image and product-image from the consumer's perspective. Though awareness remains the first factor in the adoption process, the interest and desire stages are of prime importance because consumers relate themselves to the offerings during these two stages. This article aims at relating the concept of self-congruity to brand loyalty across various consumer adoption categories [innovation of diffusion, Rogers (1962)] and suggests strategies to increase brand loyalty of the various adopter categories. It theoretically brings forth the differences in self-congruity levels amongst various adoption categories of consumers and its related brand loyalty levels. The need for relating self attributes to brand attributes is the need of the hour. Therefore this article aims at discussing the various theoretical assumptions built on concrete constructs which provides a new approach towards measuring brand loyalty.

In this paper, the morphological analysis of breast cancer detection is been discussed. The various parameters like area, perimeter and diameter of the tumor are found using modified Adaptive Fuzzy C means and modified region growing algorithm. This method of analysis is used for effective identification of different parameters that helps in easy diagnosis of cancer at various stages also adapting suitable and earlier therapeutic techniques.

Fetal heart abnormalities are the most common congenital anomalies and are also the leading cause of infant mortality related to birth defects. More than one-third of all malformations found after delivery are congenital heart defects. The prenatal detection of fetal cardiac structure is difficult because of its small size and rapid movements but is important for the early and effective diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects. A novel method is proposed for the detection of fetal cardiac structure from ultrasound sequences. An initial pre-processing is done to remove noise and enhance the images. An effective K means clustering algorithm is applied to the images to segment the region of interest. Finally an active appearance model is proposed to detect the structure of fetal heart.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Mental retardation, Cerebral Palsy, and other Dementias are the neurogenerative brain disorders which are statistically proven that 2% - 3% of people affected in the world today. The proposed method considered the symptoms which stands distinct for Alzheimer’s disease. Many structural neuroimaging studies have found the atrophy of the Corpus Callosum (CC) and the decrease in brain volume in AD. The measurement, area has been extracted from the gradient mask of the image to characterize the local atrophy of the CC. The result showed decreased area of the CC in AD when compared to the control groups. The volume has also been calculated by volume rendering and voxel size measurement for the same set of control groups and was found to be reduced in the AD patients. These findings confirmed the pathology characteristics in AD of brain disorders. The system’s validity with respect to results obtained with conventional diagnosis has been examined and proved to offer better results.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers continue to pose significant global issue despite the advances made in the management of diabetes. It causes major foot complications if they are not addressed properly. It needs multidisciplinary approach for its care. While several advancements has taken place in wound care management, platelet rich plasma and stem cell therapy promises to offer a new hope in its management, aiding in cellular and tissue regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to compare Platelet-Rich Plasma versus conventional dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods: This prospective study was focused on 20 diabetic foot ulcers, carried out in a surgical unit of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, from January 2018 to June 2018. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A received conventional ordinary dressing (N=10, 50%) and Group B received PRP dressing (N = 10, 50%). The mean follow-up period was 8 weeks.Results: The estimated time of wound healing was 8 weeks and healing was found to be more effective for patients in group B compared to patients in group A; the PRP group was found to be more effective in wound healing with fewer complications, less infection, exudates and pain.Conclusions: There have been considerable advances in the use of PRP in therapeutic processes in recent years in tissue regeneration therapy. PRP is a powerful tool for the treatment of chronic wounds and very promising for diabetic foot wounds; PRP enables healing, and reduces amputation rates, infection and exudates.

The ant colony optimisation (ACO) is an optimisation technique which first proposed ant-based metaheuristic developed by Marco Dorigo. The stimulating source of ant colony optimisation is a searching behaviour of real ant colonies. The proposed hybrid method consists of an enhanced ACO algorithm Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Principle component analysis (PCA) and TNM (The size of the breast tumour (T), nearby lymph nodes (N), Metastasised (M)) system for detecting the edges of the tumour, feature extraction, feature reduction and tumour staging. For the early detection of breast cancer and staging the proposed analysis has been done with two different image modalities which is mammogram images and PET images.

Herbex-kid (HK), a polyherbal formulation was evaluated in various experimental allergic models of Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Compound 48/80 (C 48/80) has been shown to induce rat mesentery mast cell degranulation and HK (1.07, 10.75 and 107.5 mg ml−1) inhibited the mast cell degranulation in a dose dependent manner. HK (1.07, 10.75 and 107.5 mg kg−1; p.o.) showed dose-dependent protection against C 48/80 induced systemic anaphylaxis in male Balb/C mice. In active anaphylaxis model, male Wistar rats orally administered with 10.75 and 107.5 mg kg−1of HK showed significant (P −1showed significant (P −1it showed significant (P P

Simultaneous structural correlations between 31P and 23Na nuclei and between 31P and 133Cs nuclei in a series of mixed-alkali sodium–cesium phosphate glasses are investigated by transfer of populations via double resonance (TRAPDOR) NMR spectroscopy. The variations in spatial proximity between 31P nuclei at the center of phosphate tetrahedra and sodium (or cesium) modifier ions in the system xCs2O: (56 − x) Na2O: 44 P2O5 (where x = 0 − 40) are followed systematically as a function of alkali oxide composition. The TRAPDOR method probes specific interactions between 31P and 23Na (or 133Cs) nuclei through the direct nuclear spin dipolar interaction. 31P MAS NMR spectra of these polyphosphate glasses reveal two phosphate environments corresponding to phosphorus atoms with two (Q2) and one (Q1) non-bridging oxygens in a 2.7:1 ratio, as expected from a simple depolymerization model. The Q2/Q1 ratios measured using the TRAPDOR technique show a mixed-alkali effect as a function of alkali oxide concentration, revealing a maximum in the effect for 31P–23Na pairings and a minimum interaction for 31P–133Cs at concentrations of approximately 35 mol% for each of the respective alkali cations.

Antimony oxide is added to alkaline-earth alumino borosilicate glasses primarily as a fining agent. Recently, it was observed that the surface of commercial fusion-drawn Sb2O3-fined calcium alumino borosilicate glass shows a significant segregation of Sb2O3 to the surface. Thus, the motivation for the work reported here was to explore the structure of the Sb-oxide enriched surface layer, and more generally, to understand the effects of Sb oxide on the structure of alkaline-earth alumino borosilicate glasses. To mimic the enriched amounts of Sb2O3 found on the surface of the Sb2O3 fined commercial glasses, a series of glasses were produced in which the silicon dioxide to antimony oxide ratio was varied, while the relative concentration of other components was held constant. 29Si, 27Al, and 11B NMR spectra were obtained to probe the effect of increased amounts of Sb2O3 on the structure of the model glasses. The results show that Sb2O3 enters the aluminoborosilicate network, and thereby increases the connectivity of the structure. Relative to the Sb-oxide enriched surface layer on commercial fusion drawn glass, these findings suggest a higher Tg, lower expansion, and more chemically durable surface for such antimony-oxide fined glasses.

Raman, 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopies are used to investigate the structure of [0.15Na2O–0.12MgO–0.03Al2O3–0.70SiO2](100−x): [Eu2O3]x glasses with varying Eu2O3 content (x=0, 0.73, 1.26, 3.90, 5.26 and 8.11 mol%). Spectral changes in the Raman envelope at (900–1240) cm−1 indicate that the number of silica tetrahedra with more than one non-bridging oxygen (NBO) per tetrahedron and the number of silica tetrahedra with one NBO associated with Eu increase with increasing rare-earth concentration. 29Si MAS NMR spectra show a single broad peak with maxima at frequencies attributable to a predominance of Q3 species. Quantitative 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopies show that aluminum and silicon species become less observable as Eu2O3 content increases, presumably due to interactions with paramagnetic europium. The 27Al NMR spectra reveal the presence of only tetrahedrally coordinated Al sites, with a gradual increase in the structural disorder associated with these sites as the concentration of Eu2O3 increases. This is in agreement with the appearance of the broad Raman band at 790 cm−1 attributed to Al–O stretching vibrations with Al in fourfold coordination.

This project proposes a two-step fuzzy-based filter for restoring color images corrupted with impulsive and gaussian noise. The goal of the first step is to identify the noisy pixels by calculating the similarity between the central pixel and its neighborhood in a selected window. The noisy pixels in a selected window are then replaced by its modified value by computing the median around the central pixel. The second step is fuzzy filtering which is carried out by computing the Rank Ordered Logarithmic difference (ROLD) between the central pixel and its neighborhood in a selected window. Depending upon the difference value, a fuzzy membership degree is calculated using a membership function. Computed fuzzy membership values are appropriately utilized as weights for each pixel and then computes the weighted average representing the modified value for the current central pixel. The output of the proposed system is compared with the some of the existing schemes. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed method gives better results even when the mixed noise percentage is above 50%. The quantitative analysis has been done to prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.

One-dimensional heteronuclear correlation solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are utilized to determine local structural changes in sodium phosphate glass compositions with ratios of Na/P of 0.25, 0.78, 1 and 1.3. Glasses containing only Q2 (metaphosphate composition), Q2 and Q1 (between meta- and pyrophosphate compositions), and Q3 and Q2 (ultraphosphate region) have been investigated. 23Na → 31P cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CPMAS) NMR detects direct interactions between distinct phosphorus sites and sodium nuclei in the second coordination sphere. Variable-contact CPMAS experiments provide additional information about association of 23Na nuclei with specific phosphate sites. Time constants describing the transfer of magnetization from sodium to phosphorus nuclei are found to be affected by sodium ion concentration in ultraphosphate glasses, and an important finding of these investigations is the degree of correlation of sodium ions with Q3 sites in ultraphosphate glasses.

Microporous silica materials with a controlled pore size and a narrow pore size distribution have been prepared by sol-gel processing using an organic-templating approach. Microporous networks were formed by pyrolytic removal of organic ligands (methacryloxypropyl groups) from organic/inorganic hybrid materials synthesized by copolymerization of 3-methacryloxypropylsilane (MPS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Molecular simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to examine the relationship between the microstructural characteristics of the porous silica (e.g., pore size, total pore volume, and pore connectivity) and the size and amount of organic template ligands added. Adsorption measurements suggest that the final porosity of the microporous silica is due to both primary pores (those present in the hybrid materials prior to pyrolysis) and secondary pores (those created by pyrolytic removal of organic templates). Primary pores were inaccessible to N{sub 2} at 77 K but accessible to CO{sub 2} at 195 K; secondary pores were accessible to both N{sub 2} (at 77 K) and CO{sub 2} (at 195 K) in adsorption measurements. Primary porosity decreases with the amount of organic ligands added because of the enhanced densification of MPS/TEOS hybrid materials as the mole fraction of trifunctional MPS moieties increases. pore volumes measured by nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K suggest that the secondary (template-derived) porosity exhibits a percolation behavior as the template concentration is increased. Gas permeation experiments indicate that the secondary pores are approximately 5 {angstrom} in diameter, consistent with predictions based on molecular simulations.

Alkali and alkaliCaO silicophosphate glasses (R2O · 2SiO2 · 3P2O5 and γR2O · γCaO · 2SiO2 · 3P2O5; R  Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; γ = 0.5) have been investigated by Si K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for evidence of sixfold coordinated Si([6]Si) and its dependence on alkali metal cations. The XANES spectra were collected by fluorescence yield (FY), which is sensitive to the interior of the sample. The proportion of [6]Si varies from about 50 to 60% and is greatest for K- and Na-bearing glasses and marginally greater for glasses quenched at 300°C rather than room temperature. [6]Si determined by XANES for the alkali silicophosphate glasses is in agreement with [6]Si determined from 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The proportion of [6]Si does not vary appreciably with alkali metal and substitution of Ca2+ for 2R+, suggesting that [6]Si is largely independent of the details of the large cation sites in the glasses and the proportion of these sites occupied. XANES spectra collected by total electron yield (TEY) reflect diminution in [6]Si through near-surface sample degradation and do not properly represent the bulk glass structure, e.g., the TEY-XANES of Cs-bearing glass quenched at 300°C indicated no detectable [6]Si.

A kinetic model for the hydrolysis and self- and cross-condensation reactions occuring in two component organically modified silica sols is presented. The hybrid sols were acid-catalyzed mixtures of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and organically modified triethoxysilanes (RTES, where RCH3, C2H5 or C6H5) reacted with limited amounts of water. The product distributions as a function of reaction time were measured by high resolution 29Si NMR spectroscopy and were simulated using numerical methods. The hydrolysis reactions were reversible whereas the condensation reactions were irreversible. The cross-condensation rates for each of the sols were intermediate to the condensation rates of the individual components. Calculations show that for these sols, the concentration of cross-condensed species is a weak function of relative rates of self-condensation.

Uterine fibroid is the most predominant problem among women of child-bearing age where the secretion of estrogen hormone plays significant role. The presence of fibroid can cause severe pain, infertility, and repeated miscarriages. Since the detection of fibroid and treatment is the crucial factor on women health especially in pregnancy, ultrasound (US) imaging is the most common modality for detecting fibroids. Because of the presence of speckle noise, the segmentation of fibroid from an US image is the tedious process. The proposed methodology has been used for automating this task by morphological functions available in graphical vision assistant tool. The modified morphological image cleaning (MMIC) algorithm for filtering and Canny edge detector have been utilized for fibroid segmentation and binary image morphological approaches adopted for analyzing the fibroid. The proposed algorithm has been developed, implemented, and validated in LabVIEW vision assistant toolbox. The outcomes of the proposed method have been evaluated and appreciated by experienced gynecologists and found that the manual intervention is eliminated on the investigation of diseased.

High-resolution 29Si NMR was used to identify and characterize the hydrolysis products of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). The identification of the different hydrolysis species was accomplished using the spectral editing properties of the DEPT and INEPT heteronuclear polarization transfer experiments. Previous resonances assignments for the hydrolyzed monomers in TMOS were quickly confirmed using these techniques. Unambiguous assignment of the MTMS hydrolysis products is complicated by a small spectral dispersion and the presence of two different hydrogen–silicon J couplings in these species. Analytical expressions for the INEPT signal response under multiple heteronuclear J couplings allowed these assignments. It is shown that the optimal polarization transfer efficiency in TMOS, MTMS and corresponding hydrolyzed products can only be obtained if the pulse sequence parameters are optimized for each species. The temperature dependences of the 29Si NMR resonances for the hydrolysis products in TMOS and MTMS were investigated and found to be very similar, with the magnitude and sign of the temperature response being dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the silicon. For MTMS hydrolysis products the small 29Si chemical shift dispersion along with the variation of chemical shift with temperature and solvent requires that resonance assignments be made for each experimental condition.

High resolution 29Si and 17O NMR spectroscopy has been used to identify self- and cross-condensation products in sols prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and organically modified triethoxysilanes (RTES, where R is a methyl, ethyl or phenyl group). The sols were prepared by the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS and RTES with H2O/Si mole ratios of 0.15, 0.3 or 0.5. Resonance assignments were made by comparing the positions and intensities of peaks in the spectra of single and multicomponent systems as a function of reaction time. Both 29Si and 17O NMR spectroscopy exhibit resonances which are uniquely attributed to species formed by cross-condensation reactions between TEOS and RTES. Approaches to improve the resolution of 17O NMR spectra were only moderately successful because the resonance envelopes have substantial contributions from inhomogeneous components.

In the speedy moving world, nobody is ready to look what's happening around them. Even when there occurs an accident nobody cares about it. This is an intention to implement an innovative solution for this problem by developing an Enhanced Accident detection System for Indicating Victim Status from the accident zone. This system has been developed and implemented using the biomedical smart sensors and microcontroller based mobile technology integrated with the evolving LabVIEW platform. The system will automatically identify the accident, then immediately transmit the location of the accident and the status of the physiological parameters of the victims to the emergency care center phone number through Short Message Service (SMS). The victim's physiological parameters such as body temperature, Heartbeat, Coma stage recovery status have been transmitted in the SMS. So the proposed system ensures that to reduce the human death ratio by accidents. When the accident occurs and realizes that there is no severe collision, then the person involved in accident has to press the switch provision which has been made to indicate that the accident is diminutive and no communication will be established i.e. no further alarming SMS has been transmitted.

Poly(xylylenes) are an important class of thermoplastics that are readily prepared by thermolysis of [2.2]paracyclophane or xylene precursors to afford xylylene monomers that condense and polymerize on solid surfaces to give polymer films. As most poly(xylylenes) are insoluble due to a high degree of crystallinity, characterization by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques is necessary. In this paper we describe the preparation of poly(xylylene) (P1), poly(2-ethylxylylene) (P2), poly(2-chloroxylylene) (P3), poly(2,3-dichloroxylylene) (P4), and poly(α,α,α',α'-tetrafluoroxylylene) (P5) and their characterization using solid-state 13 C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS NMR) spectroscopy.

Alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane gels were prepared by sol-gel polymerizations of α, ω-bis(triethoxysilyl)alkanes 1–5. The gels were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide to afford a novel class of hybrid organic-inorganic aerogels. The effect of the length of the alkylene bridging group and catalyst (HCl and NaOH) on the structure was examined. The molecular structure was characterized by solid-state 13C and 29Si cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The alkylene bridging groups survived sol-gel polymerization to give materials with average degrees of condensation of 79 and 90% for the acid- and base-catalyzed aerogels, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the macroscopic structure of the gels and nitrogen sorption porosimetry was used to measure their surface areas and pore structures. Most of the alkylene-bridged aerogels were mesoporous, high-surface-area materials. As with alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels, the surface area decreased with increasing alkylene bridging group length. Only the base-catalyzed tetradecylene-bridged aerogel was found to be non-porous.

The word ‘motivation’ is derived from the Latin word ‘emover’ which meant by ‘to move’. It's a process of interesting people to make action to accomplish preferred goals. The process of motivation involves needs and goals. There is ‘need’ after most of the actions of a man. Better facilities, more pay, credit, promotion etc. are some of the needs of the employee. Every responsibility has certain goals to which it wants to achieve and which can be materialised only through the efforts of employees. Motivation is an interior feeling of the employee a emotional incident which generates with in an individual. Each individual in the organisation is a self contained and undividable unit and all his needs are interrelated which creates stability in human behaviour. However, established that people go to the work to satisfy the range of different needs and not simply for monetary rewards. They emphasize the importance of social needs of individuals to the work organisation as a social organisation. The human relations approach to organisation and managing to the ‘social idea of inspiration. A major determinant of behaviour is the particular situation the individual workers find themselves. Motivations vary over time and according to the circumstances.