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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive cognitive decline. This review discusses current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, their limitations, and potential prospects. The feasibility of comprehensive approach for AD therapy is considered in contrast to the classical method in the development of therapeutic strategy. Leu-Ile, Glu-Trp, Lys-Glu, Gly-Pro, Glu-Asp-Arg, Lys-Glu-Asp, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro short peptides are described as multitarget agents with a wide range of activity.

Osteoarthritis is a widespread age-related disease, that has no effective targeted therapy. In this regard, bioengineering methods are being actively developed that can stimulate the restoration of cartilage tissue. These methods include chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, which is stimulated by various biomolecules, including short peptides and polypeptide complexes. It was studied the effect of the cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC) and AED peptide on gene expression and protein synthesis of chondrogenic differentiation - SOX9, aggrecan, type II collagen and COMP - in human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) during replicative aging. AED peptide at the concentration of 200 ng/ml activates gene expression and protein synthesis during aging of MSCs. CPC has the same effect in the concentration 2000 ng/ml. These data indicate the stimulating effect of studied peptides on regulation of chondrogenesis and open up prospects for further investigation of their effectiveness in osteoarthritis models.

Secretory phenotype associated with the aging (SASP) of chondrocytes forms the conditions for the musculoskeletal system diseases development, in particular, osteoarthritis (OA). The search for effective methods for OA treating is an urgent task of molecular gerontology. The purpose of this work is to characterize the SASP of chondrocytes and to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of AED peptide and the cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC). It was found that chondrocyte's SASP is characterized by an increase of the synthesis of p16, p21, p53 pro-apoptotic proteins, TNF-α, IL-1α pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease of Sirt1synthesis. Peptides AED and CPC normalize the synthesis of molecules that form SASP of chondrocytes. This effect may explain their geroprotective effect and effectiveness in studies of various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, including OA.

The concepts of fragility and resilience are often used together to describe elderly people with reduced physical activity. While fragility, which develops with the aging of the body, is a biological syndrome of a decrease in the stressors response resulting from cumulative regression in many physiological systems, and age related a comprehensive assessment of the ability resistance to stress. In this regard, it is important to develop systems and scales for the identification groups of risk among the elderly. The complexity of the solution lies in the fact that the study of fragility and physical resilience is interdisciplinary, primarily related to the health and increase in the active life of older people. The review describes theories based on the mechanisms of physiological aging, among them the theory of a decrease in the ability to stress, in which stress-related to diseases. The cycles of the development of fragility and a decrease in physiological reserves are considered, and, as a consequence, a change in reactivity to stress, which leads to the development and progression of diseases. The article presents data on homeostatic dysregulation in the accumulation of cumulative deficiency and related changes in heart rate variability, which allows early diagnosis of stressors in the elderly. These data will be useful for the development and implementation of preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of life and resistance to stress factors in elderly and senile people.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a socially significant age-associated disease, for the treatment of which a search for new effective drugs is underway. The development of OA correlates with the development of the aging-associated secretory chondrocyte phenotype (SASP). The purpose of the review is to analyze the pool of signaling molecules that form SASP of chondrocytes in OA and substantiate the possibility of peptide chondroprotection. It has been established that SASP of chondrocytes is characterized by a decrease in the synthesis of sirtuins, impaired remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and activation of cytokine production. Sigumir, a polypeptide complex of cartilage and bone tissues of young animals, and the AED tripeptide (Kartalax) have shown high efficacy in animal models of OA and oral administration in patients with OA of older age groups. These peptide substances regulate the synthesis of proapoptotic and proliferotropic molecules that form the SASP of chondrocytes.

The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver fibroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to find new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors. In the review is shown the data of hepatoprotective, immunoprotective and antiageing properties of liver polypeptide complex (Ventvil) and KEDA tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala, Livagen). In liver pathology experimental models (liver fibroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis) in amimals and in vitro was shown high efficiency of Ventvil and KEDA peptide. Ventvil and KEDA peptide had concordant effects - normalized immune and antioxidant status, restored liver function during hepatitis. It was demonstrated, that maximal hepato- and immunoprotective effect of peptides verified in aging.

Night work provides biorhythms desynchronization, disorder of melatonin-producing function and accelerated pineal gland aging. One of the promising geroprotectors restoring the pineal melatonin synthesis is the AEDG (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) peptide. AEDG peptide increases in 1,7 times the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOMT) excretion in the urine of middle-aged people. Moreover, AEDG peptide normalized circadian Clock and Csnk1e genes hyper expression in leukocytes in 1,9-2,1 times and increases the Cry2 gene hypo expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 2 times in people with reduced melatonin-producing epiphysis function. The geroprotective effect of the AEDG peptide is based on its ability to restore the epiphysis melatonin-producing function by means regulation of human circadian genes expression.

In review it is shown data about polypeptide vessel complex, extracted from calf vessel and named Slavinorm® (Vasolin). Slavinorm® had therapeutic effects in cardio-vascular age related pathology in animal models. Slavinorm® prevents atherosclerosis, normalizes lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation parameters, station of congenital and adaptive immunity, callicrein-kinins system, vessel and trombocitary hemostasis, blood coagulability, fibrinolysis, activates vessel wall reparation. Slavinorm® has positive effects in other age-related diseases (arthritis, pancreatitis, respiratory distress).

The polypeptide complex of the epiphysis and the peptide AEDG, constructed on the basis of its amino acid analysis, exert similar biological effects. Both bioregulators normalize melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, functioning of the brain, eye retina, cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems; they also act as antioxidants, stress-protectors, and geroprotectors. Within the epiphysis polypeptide complex, free amino acids (3.26%), dipeptides (23.19%), tripeptides (50.72%), tetrapeptides (22.10%), and pentapeptides (0.72%) were revealed by mass spectrometry and HPLC. Peptide AEDG was detected among the tetrapeptides of the epiphysis polypeptide complex by selective reaction monitoring method. The biological effects of the epiphysis polypeptide complex are determined by the effect of its component AEDG.

Polypeptide complexes derived from the bronchi, blood vessels, muscles, kidneys, ovaries, testes, and retina stimulated the processes of cell renewal in organotypic cultures of the corresponding organs of young and old animals. A correlation between the intensity of regeneration and animal' age was revealed. The polypeptide complexes reduced the expression of apoptotic factors p53 and caspase 3 and increased the expression of proliferation protein Ki-67. These results provide the basis for further study of the polypeptide complexes as stimulators of regenerative processes in different tissues during ageing.

We investigated the influence of vascular peptide bioregulator on microcirculation in the brain cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats of different ages and figured out whether there is functional cumulation during two-time application of the drug «Slavinorm» by above-mentioned animals. It was shown that a single course treatment with vascular peptide bioregulator had increased the density of microvascular network of the pia mater in young animals ca. 1,2-fold and had not affected the perfusion and oxygen saturation of sensorimotor cortex. The second course treatment with «Slavinorm» was provided in a 6 months. Functional cumulation was revealed in 12 month-aged rats which had 2 course treatments with vascular peptide bioregulation: the density of microvascular network of the pia mater was increased ca. 1,6-fold; level of perfusion was increased ca. 15% in comparison with intact animals of the same age. These animals were more tolerant to cerebral vasospasm (the application of vasoconstrictor on the surface of the brain): the highest level of tissue oxygen saturation was remained at fairly constant perfusion in comparison with other animals.

Using a TV device to study brain microcirculation, we found that after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator the density of microvascular network of pia matter of old hypertensive rats (12 months) sensomotor cortex increased about 1,7 times compared to intact old rates SHR. This perfusion in the tissue of the cerebral cortex and the degree of blood oxygen saturation in the microvasculature of this tissue region raised.

Article is about troponin I testing by high sensitive method in healthy population group. 165 people (employees of hospital) were examined, 71 % - women and 29 % - men. Inclusion criteria were as follows: absence of active complaints at the time of health examination and during the previous 30 days. All the examinees were divided into three age groups: 18-34 years (middle age, I period), 35-54 years (middle age, II period), above 55 years (old age). Research of correlation between cardiac troponin I and age of healthy population group was the main aim of investigation.

Using a TV unit for microcirculation studies, we studied the density of the entire microvascular network and its arterial compartment in the pia mater of the sensorimotor cortex in intact young and aged rats (2-3 and 22-24 months) and aged rats after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator Slavinorm. The experiments showed that the density of microvascular network in intact animals decreased by 1.6 times with aging. Treatment with the peptide bioregulator 2.5-fold increased the density of the microvascular network in aged rats in comparison with intact animals of the same age, the density of the arterial compartment of the microvascular network in the pia mater increased by 2.8 times.

The investigation of reactive changes of blood cells in such diseases as COPD or asthma in people of different age groups is the very difficult problem. Simulating the same conditions in animals that occur in humans with these diseases can serve as a reliable practical model. It is possible because the changes which take places at the cellular level in animals might reflect a similar trend in the human body.

Using a TV device to study brain microcirculation, we found that after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator the density of microvascular network of pia matter of old rats (22-24 months) sensomotor cortex increased about 2,5-2,8 times compared to control old rates; and noradrenaline-induced constriction reactions and acetylcholine-induced dilative reactions of the pial arterioles increased significantly. This perfusion in the tissue of the cerebral cortex is not increased, but the degree of blood oxygen saturation in the microvasculature of this tissue region raised.

Article is devoted to the changes happening in an oral cavity and in oral liquid under the influence of preparations of the oncological diseases used for treatment. Considering that research of oral liquid belongs to one of noninvasive methods of diagnostics and can be used with success for definition and correction of conditions of the mucous membrane of an oral cavity at the patients of advanced and senile age passing polychemotherapeutic treatment, this type of research is the extremely perspective for a gerontostomatology.

The article presents the results of pre-clinical studies of the possibility of optimization of reparative osteogenesis in postoperative bone cavities of the jaws in old rats with a peptide bioregulator of Kartalaks. Using histological and morphometric methods in the experimental study, it is shown that the use of Kartalaks positive effect on the course of the process of reparative osteogenesis of the mandible in old rats. The features of the Kartalaks drug investigated for optimization of reparative osteogenesis jaw during aging. It is found that by using Kartalaks in old animals to 30 days before the surgical intervention, the process of reparative osteogenesis standard defect of mandible occurs at early stages (before 30 days), similar to the control. The deadlines for 60-120 days from the beginning of the experiment using the peptide bioregulator Kartalaks, noted the formation of a complex regenerate tissue containing a smaller proportion of connective tissue and cartilage, as well as more advanced remodeling of newly formed bone tissue compared with the control group, and older animals who received the drug after performing surgery.

The paper presents the latest literature data on the structure and functions of «protein of juvenility» - CCL11 and «protein of senility» - GDF11. Chemokine CCL11 injected to young animals has been shown to lead to degenerative changes in the central nervous system (CNS), disturb cognitive functions and impede tissue regeneration. CCL11 concentration increases dramatically in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, neuro-inflammatory disorders, cerebral malaria, drug addiction, as well as in atherosclerosis, periodontal disease, macular degeneration, cancer and other pathologies. In contrast to CCL11, differentiation growth factor 11 (GDF11), being administered to old mice, eliminates age-associated hypertrophy of the heart, improves muscle tone and prevents degenerative changes in the CNS, improves cognitive functions and enhances tissue regeneration. Its concentration decreases in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other «diseases of old age». At the same time, the higher the GDF11 level in the blood, the milder myocardial infarction, stroke and other age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Polypeptide complex isolated from calf kidneys stimulates the processes of cell renewal in organotypic kidney tissue cultures from young and old rats. The polypeptide complex enhances expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and reduces expression of proapoptotic peptide p53 in kidney explants obtained from young and old animals. Short peptides T-31 (AED) and T-35 (EDL) also stimulate proliferation and reduce apoptosis of the kidney cells, but to a lesser degree than the polypeptide complex. The results provide the basis for further investigation of the polypeptide complex as a preparation for the therapy of kidney diseases, including age-related pathologies.

On the basis of analysis of primary medical records of 9 158 (3 329 males and 5 829 females) patients of average, elderly and old age of outpatient clinics the prevalence of pain and paresthesys of the oral mucosa and tongue was studied. Profile of outpatient medical institutions, where people suffering from painful phenomena and paresthesys of the oral mucosa pass examination and treatment was defined. The causal factors that play a role in the origin and development of this disease in patients of older age groups were established.

A comparative study of polypeptides extracted from the tissues of calves: Cortexin (from brain cortex), Epinorm (from pineal gland), Ventvil (from liver), Prostatilen (from prostate), Thymalin (from thymus), Chelohart (from heart), Chondrolux (from cartilage) on the relevant organotypic tissue cultures of young and old rats, in concentration 0,01-100 ng/ml was performed. Polypeptides specifically stimulated "young" and "old" cell cultures growth in concentration 20-50 ng/ml. This effect correlates with increasing of PCNA and decreasing of p53 expression in brain cortex, pineal gland, liver, prostate, heart, cartilage. Moreover, Thymalin activated CD5, CD20 expression--markers of B-cells differentiation. These data show that polypeptides isolated from different tissues have selective molecular activity on the regeneration of suitable tissues in aging.

The research of Cortexin and Pinealon within two models of stress, acute hypobaric hypoxia and mild hypothermia, within 18-month aged rats has been held. The peculiarities of peptide preparations' influence on behavior and neurochemical indeces have been identified. Cortexin shows a more pronounced effect on free radical processes and caspase 3 activity in brain than Pinealon. Both preparations forward an accumulation of adrenergic mediator within rats' brains in the model of acute hypobaric hypoxia, as well as serotonin within cerebrum cortex in the model of mild hypothermia, which may underlie their geroprotective effects.

The state-of-the-art review of literature on existing views on the association of periodontal diseases with somatic therapeutic pathology (first part of the review) and comorbid conditions (second part of the review) is submitted. The conclusion about need of carrying out the further multicenter researches which purpose is development of new integrated indicators, in a complex and comprehensively characterizing not only the periodontal status, but also set of available somatic therapeutic pathology, especially at pa- tients of advanced and senile age is drawn.

While studying the effects of Cortexin and Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) on the caspase-3 activity in the brain, an interleykin-6 and a factor of tumor necrosis in blood serum of old rats under the sharp hypoxic hypoxia it was suggested that in hypoxia of brain conditions Pinealon forwards the increase of the neurogenesis and the decrease neuroinflammatory reactions to a reference level. With the sharp hypoxic hypoxia Cortexin reduces an ability of brain tissue of programmed cells death, but saves the content of interleykin-6 at high level.

Apatites of hard tissues of teeth of persons of different sex and age were studied in detail. It is shown that the crystal structure of apatites depends on changes in the composition of the enamel that happen during a person's life. Limits of the variations of the crystal lattice parameters of the enamel apatites connected with the complicate processes of de- and remineralization have been determined. On the basis of the identified correlations between chemical composition, crystal lattice parameters and age of patients, the complicated interrelated isomorphic replacements occurring in the crystal structure of apatites of hard tooth tissues during aging were analysed.

Most number of patients, particularly adult and older women with temporomandibular disfunction suffers from pain reaction in maxillofacial area. Pain symptom associated with temporomandibular disfunction is followed by some changes of physiological statistics (high sympathetic level). Temporomandibular disfunction in adult and older women is most pronounced and can serve as an indicator of concomitant chronic diseases among patients with endocrine disorder (hypothyroidism), cardiological pathology (arterial hypertension).

The actual goal of gerontocosmetology is deal with the research of new effective and harmless low- molecular substances. The influence of LK and AEDG peptides in concentrations 0.05-2.00 ng/ml on organotypic skin cell cultures proliferation in young and old animals were investigated. Peptides stimulated skin fibroblasts proliferation on 29-45% in skin cell cultures of young and old rats. This effect was observed in smaller concentration diapason and level during skin ageing in old cell cultures as compared to young cell cultures. These data open new approach for creation cosmetology substances in the base of LKand AEDG peptides.

Gerontostomatology is one of the most important interdisciplinary sections of the medicine, studying mechanisms of aging of the chewing device of a person, and also carrying-out search of decisions in treatment of stomatologic diseases in persons of the senior age groups, at the same time increasing quality of their life. The article covers actual problems of modern gerontostomatology in Russia.

This article presents the results of medical reports retrospective analysis of 605 patients that came to multisectoral maxillofacial hospital with acute odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and jaw by emergency or according to urgent indications in 2008-2011. The age-related features of prevalence and principal reasons of development and clinical aspects of localization of odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and jaw within the people of different age are shown.

The review summarizes the results of long-term studies of the authors on the clinical efficacy of peptide bioregulators (Timalin, Thymogen, Vilon, Epithalamin, Prostatilen, Cortexin, Retinalamin) for the prevention of diseases and treatment of people of different age. Special attention is given to the analysis of the use of peptide bioregulators as geroprotectors.

Modern scanning probe microscopy methods make possible to study the peculiarities of the cell response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as to diagnose the severity of the diseases which is important in senile age, particularly.

Old and young donors cells show different ability to homologous recombination (shown on the first stage--the chromosome transference) in vitro, that we suppose could be the reasons of the genome instability in aging. Homologous recombination, induced by X-radiation, is limited in cells taken from donors older than 70 years. Alpha-amanitin, the RNA-polymerize II repressor, in toxic doze, could induce the chromosome transference in the cells from all studied groups: from old and young donors and donors with repair process defect (with BRCA 1, 2 mutations). Summarized effect of X-radiation and alpha-amanitin does not increase the induction of the chromosome transference.

The study of the effects of peptide geroprotectors cortexin and pinealon on the system of caspase-3 in the brain structures and training of rats of different ages was held. Regional changes in activity and the content of caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex and brainstem of young and old rats under the influence of peptides were identified. It is suggested that the functional state of caspase-3 in the brain is one of the reasons that determines the animals' ability to learn. Pinealon has prevalent positive effect on learning of both young and old animals in the Morris labyrinth compared to cortexin.

On the basis of a detailed analysis of the clinical picture of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis the peculiarities of its flow in elderly and senile patients are demonstrated. The causes of odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, the clinical features of inflammation of the maxillary sinus in older age groups, including those with oroantral communication are shown.

The article presents the results of the 20-years' long activity of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology founded to fulfill the basic and applied tasks in the sphere of gerontology and to integrate with medical practice new methods for preventing premature aging and age-related pathology by means of pharmaceuticals based on peptide bioregulators. Among the Institute main achievements are the scientific developments in the field of peptide regulation of aging, creation of a new medical domain--bioregulation therapy, and foundation of the Russian school of biogerontology. As a result of investigations, a key role of peptides in the regulation of aging process has been established, and a method of bioregulators complex application has been developed to increase organism resistance to various unfavorable factors and enhancement of human vital resource. At present 6 drugs and over 60 peptide bioregulators are widely used for prevention and treatment of many diseases. 9 new peptide preparations revealing geroprotective properties are submitted to the Russian Health Ministry to be registered as drugs.

The research is executed on 73 patients of the senile age who have worried in their childhood the siege of Leningrad and group of comparison--140 patients of comparable age. The comparative analysis of indicators of the medico-social, objective somatic and dental status at the patients who have worried at children's age the siege of Leningrad and their contemporaries, not being exposed extreme impacts of the siege is carried out. The essential increase in number of correlative communications between an indicator of a cumulative rating scale of somatic diseases and the stomatologic status at the patients of the senile age who have endured the siege is established.

The research of biological activity of peptide geroprotector Slavinorm on the basis of calf aorta extract was conducted in experimental models of hypertension and chloride-calcium arrhythmia. The research results showed that in experimental model of arrhythmia in rats induced by pituitrin administration, intraventricular and intramuscular introduction of Slavinorm in therapeutical dose had caused to leveling of hypertension symptoms. That was expressed in normalization of blood pressure characteristics, body weight, heart and kidney weight. In the experimental model of chloride-calcium arrhythmia in rats inrtaventricular and intramuscular introduction of Slavinorm showed the ability to predict the arrhythmia development caused by the Calcium Chloride administration. The research results testify to availability of the medication research in the capacity of the medication for treatment of age related pathology conditioned by vessels impaired function.

This review summarizes the results of long-term researches of the authors who studied the mechanisms of aging and the effectiveness of peptide bioregulators in preventing age-related diseases in laboratory animals. The data is provided on the evaluation of peptides effects which were produced using the most modern techniques in scientific institutions in Russia and abroad. The main attention is paid to the ability of peptide bioregulators to increase the life span and inhibit the carcinogenesis in animals.

The article presents the data of study of metabolic syndrome components in elderly women with coronary heart disease and hypertension. Most patients demonstrated visceral obesity, mainly mild; dyslipidemia is characterized by increased levels of atherogenic fractions in the absence of significant changes in high density lipoprotein, and nearly half of patients have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

This article presents the results of experience of application of a technique fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in early diagnostics of relapses of a superficial bladder cancer in 103 middle-aged, old and senile persons who had transurethral resection of the bladder.

The study of peptide geroprotector's biological activity was conducted on basis of calf aorta extract Slavinorm in experimental models of hiperlypidemia and acute myocardial infarction. The study results show that Slavinorm possesses the evident antiatherogenic effect. It appears in blood lipid spectrum parameters optimization, including atherogenic coefficient normalization at the expense of high density lipids level increase and other cholesterol fractions decrease. Slavinorm manifested antiischemic effects in the model of acute myocardial infarction, which was expressed in significant decrease of necrotic zone after 4-hours coronary artery occlusion in comparison with parameters in control animals and in low frequency of postobstructive arythmia.

Frequency and causes of infringement of salivation in people of young, average, elderly and senile age who addressed for rendering assistance in out-patient stomatologic treatment-and-prevention establishments in connection with infringement of function of salivary glands were studied. It is established that frequency of addresses in connection with violations of functions of salivary glands increases with age. The analysis of methods of diagnostics and treatment applied to normalization of function of salivary glands shows that they remain at rather low level.

The review covers the literature proving that ROS formation in aging overbalances the antioxidant defense system potential of the skin structure (horny layer, epidermis and dermis). It has been shown that ROS are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes and allergic responses in the skin. The role of ROS and antioxidant systems in the cell-mediated responses associated with the MAP kinase activity in the skin is discussed. Special attention is paid to the ultraviolet irradiation exposure, which accounts for its genotoxic, immunosuppressive and carcinogenic effects on the skin.

The data presented have described the diagnostic possibilities of chemioluminescence' intensity research in patients with atherosclerosis. The investigation has been conducted on 48 aged patients with ischemic heart disease. Statistically significant correlation between chemoluminescence' intensity and atherogenesis factor as an atherosclerosis indicator was revealed.

A comparative assessment of the extent and structure of the various forms of professional burnout among doctors-organizers as well as therapeutists and surgeons depending on age was given. It is shown that the professional burnout in doctors-organizers conjugates with a high level of emotional tension manifested in avoidance of over-saturated emotional and professional communication outside professional activities, increased irritability and temper, reluctance to exercise empathy towards colleagues and compassion for patients. The comparison of three age groups of physicians to each other in terms of the level and features of the burnout was adduced; the results demonstrate the significant differences between the age periods of 30 and 40 years and over 41 years old. Physicians in the age group of 30-40 years old are inclined to depersonalization at a relatively low level of reduction of professional achievement. It was found that age specificity of formation of the syndrome of professional burnout among surgeons was caused by the increased tendency to development of professional burnout syndrome of young and middle-aged surgeons at low levels of professional burnout among older people.

We studied the effects of synthesized tripeptides T-32 (Glu-Asp-Ala), T-33 (Glu-Asp-Arg), T-34 (Glu-Asp-Gly), T-36 (Glu-Asp-Pro), and T-38 (Lys-Glu-Asp) on organotypic skin cultures of young and old rats. In skin explants from young rats, all peptides except T-34 produced a stimulating effect on cell proliferation. In skin explants from old rats, tripeptide T-38 produced a marked stimulatory effect on proliferation. Immunocytochemical study of the proapoptotic p53 protein expression showed that cell proliferation increased due to less pronounced apoptosis. The capacity of the studied tripeptides to promote cell proliferation in the skin tissues of young and old animals provides the basis for further study of these substances as preparations boosting the regenerative processes in the skin, including those at age-associated pathology.

The results of dynamic supervision over application a peptide bioregulator of "Sigumir" in complex treatment of 62 patients of the senior age groups with various diseases of a temporomandibular joint are presented. It is shown that application of a complex of treatment-and-prophylactic actions, including rational tooth prosthetics, functional and pharmacotherapy (including accompanying diseases), and also use a peptide bioregulator of cartilaginous and bone tissues "Sigumir" in complex therapy of patients with diseases of a temporomandibular joint of a various etiology, enables to stop in short-terms a painful syndrome in such patients, to increase amplitude of opening of a mouth, to improve chewing function, to reduce terms of treatment and to provide preventive maintenance of relapses of TMJ's pathology during all period of supervision.