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Clinical and bacteriological examinations performed in 138 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have found in the majority of late-stage examinees endogenic chronic colitis (ECC). This should be taken into consideration when prescribing repeat enteroclysis for correction of some uremia symptoms. Etiologically, ECC may be due to intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Enterosorbents were tried clinically in 90 patients with chronic renal failure and in vitro (immersion into gastric juice, enteral and colon content). Advantages of granulated carbone sorbents over polyphepan, lignin derivative, were evident.

Two groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) underwent chronic hemodialysis within 1976-1990. Acute ulcerogenic situation in them arose during month 1-3 of the treatment. Formation of ulcers was closely related to the acid-peptic factor. Hemodialysis procedure was found to contribute to ulcerogenesis, chronic hemodialysis being somewhat an iatrogenic risk factor in such patients. Modern policy of managing duodenal ulcers in hemodialysis patients is discussed.

The authors analyze pilot experience with clinical introduction of intestinal dialysis in 7 uremic patients. Repeated sessions of the dialysis relieved some symptoms of uremic intoxication. The method may be of value in contraindications to chronic hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. The technique is easily performed and well tolerated by the patients. The investigations should be continued.

A conception of ++non-ulcerative dyspepsia is suggested. Relevant symptoms and their pathogenetic mechanisms are outlined. Basing on clinical aspects, separate forms of the syndrome, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to each of the forms with special emphasis on pilot chemotherapy are considered.

The therapeutic efficacy of the continuous 6-week application of the enterosorbents CKH-4M and CKT-6A was traced in 64 patients with chronic renal diseases and different stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). The treatment was established to be most effective in the early stages of CRF. The morphologically verified manifest nephrogenic gastropathy was often associated with lack of the therapeutic effect and deterioration of the clinico-laboratory characteristics. Enterosorption brought about a decrease of ammonia concentration in gastric juice coupled with a positive time course of changes in dyspeptic disorders in such patients.

In a series of chronic experiments on 30 rats subjected to nephrectomy, use was made of the present-day morphological and quantitative histochemical techniques to study the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes, hydrolases and PAS-reaction in cellular elements of the mucous membrane of the fundal and antral parts of the stomach. It was found that in the early stages of experimental renal insufficiency, all the main cells of the glands manifested marked hyperplasia. These alterations seem likely to be adaptive in nature and are caused by the stimulatory action of the increased amounts of nitrous residue in the gastric lumen of such animals. The authors discuss the origin of gastric pathology in experimental animals and make clinical and experimental correlations.

The paper is concerned with the pathogenetic mechanisms of the main manifestations of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. The current approaches to pharmacotherapy of hemorrhages from the varicose veins of the esophagus and potential prevention of repeated hemorrhages are evaluated. Different variants of diuretic therapy for ascites are discussed.

Patients with chronic renal failure often reveal a peculiar "uremic gastropathy" characterized by a decreased secretory activity of the gastric glands. Most of such patients should not be referred to the group of high risk of ulceration. This point is extremely important, when cases are screened for kidney transplantation. Immunomorphological changes occurring in the gastric mucosa provide just one of the possible etiological factors, which also include uremic intoxication and, probably, the intragastric effect of nitrous metabolic products. A long-term (months) therapy by programmed hemodialysis is not, as a rule, accompanied by the development of gastric hyperchlorhydria and hypersecretion.

Analysis of specific features of stomach pathology in 174 patients with various clinical manifestations of chronic glomerulonephritis has demonstrated peculiar nephrogenous gastropathy in these patients. Clinical assessment of the secretion-excretion relationship was carried out in patients with intact renal function and chronic renal insufficiency of various degree of manifestation.

The authors analyzed 380 autopsies for chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis and studied the clinical and functional features of gastric pathology in 240 patients with the same disease entities. The hypotheses are suggested about a 3-stage successive formation of uremic gastropathy. The importance of hypergastrinemia as one of the pathogenetic factors, as a vicarious organ as regards nitrogenous products at early stages of chronic renal insufficiency is discussed.