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Objectives: This study investigates the effect of dietary fiber on the prevention of depressive symptoms. Methods: In a cohort of 88,826 Korean adults (57,284 men and 31,542 women), we longitudinally evaluated the risk of depressive symptoms according to quartiles of dietary fiber intake for 5.8 years of follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire was used in evaluating dietary fiber intake. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, in which CES-D ≥ 16 was defined as depressive symptoms. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms (adjusted HR [95% CI]). Subgroup analysis was performed for gender and BMI (≥25 or <25). Result: In men, the risk of depressive symptoms significantly decreased with the increase of dietary fiber (quartile 1: reference, quartile 2: 0.93 [0.87–0.99], quartile 3: 0.91 [0.85–0.98] and quartile 4: 0.84 [0.77–0.92]). This association was more prominently observed in men with BMI ≥ 25 (quartile 1: reference, quartile 2: 0.95 [0.86–1.06], quartile 3: 0.88 [0.79–0.99] and quartile 4: 0.84 [0.73–0.97]). Women did not show a significant association between quartile groups of dietary fiber intake and the risk of depressive symptoms across subgroup analysis for BMI. Conclusion: High intake of dietary fiber is potentially effective in reducing depressive symptoms in Korean men. The protective effect of dietary fiber on depressive symptoms may vary by gender and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study found that work-related boredom is associated with an increased risk of insomnia in Korean wage workers. Burnout was found to potentially mediate this relationship. Preventing and managing work-related boredom and burnout may mitigate the development of insomnia. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between work-related boredom and insomnia among Korean workers. Methods: Data from 30,992 wage workers in the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey were analyzed. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for insomnia according to work-related boredom were estimated using a survey-weighted logistic regression model. A mediation analysis was performed with burnout as the mediator. Results: The survey-weighted logistic regression model revealed that work-related boredom was significantly associated with an increased risk of insomnia. In the mediation model, both the total and direct association of work-related boredom on insomnia were statistically significant. Moreover, the indirect association, mediated by burnout, was also significant, accounting for 23.38% of the total association. Conclusions: Our findings burnout may play a mediating role between work-related boredom and insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Evidence has indicated that nocturia is a clinical manifestation of adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. However, previous studies are less available for the clinical implication of nocturia on the development of hypertension. METHODS Study participants were 32,420 working-aged Koreans (21,355 men and 11,065 women) who periodically received health checkups. They were categorized into 4 groups by the frequency of nocturia (never, <1, 1–2, and ≥3/week). We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident hypertension (multivariable-adjusted HR [95% CI]) in relation to the frequency of nocturia. Subgroup analysis was conducted by gender and sleep quality (good and poor sleep quality). RESULTS In women, nocturia was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, compared with never nocturia (HR [95% CI]; never: reference, <1/week: 1.33 [1.10–1.60], 1–2/week: 1.26 [1.00–1.58], and ≥3/week: 1.34 [1.05–1.72]). This association was not observed in men (HR [95% CI]; never: reference, <1/week: 1.00 [0.93–1.08], 1–2/week: 1.00 [0.88–1.12], and ≥3/week: 1.06 [0.94–1.23]). In subgroup analysis by sleep quality, only women with good sleep quality showed an association between nocturia and the risk of hypertension. However, women with poor sleep quality and men did not show an association between the frequency of nocturia and the risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Nocturia is a potential risk factor for incident hypertension in working-aged women with good sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The age‐standardised incidence ratio of gastrointestinal cancers in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients has been reported to be higher than that in the general population. After adjusting for shared risk factors, we aimed to explore the association between T1D and gastrointestinal cancer and examine how this relationship varies by age and sex. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 268,179 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort. The primary outcome is the incident of gastrointestinal cancers, based on diagnostic codes. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between T1D and gastrointestinal cancers. Results: Of the 268,179 participants, 2681 had T1D at baseline and were followed for 12.98 (± 2.92) years. Compared with non‐T1D, T1D patients had a significantly increased risk of all gastrointestinal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.403, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.253–1.573). T1D patients increased risks of oesophageal cancer (aHR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.038–3.349), gastric cancer (aHR: 1.313, 95% CI: 1.066–1.616), colon cancer (aHR: 1.365, 95% CI: 1.110–1.678), liver cancer (aHR: 1.388, 95% CI: 1.115–1.727), and pancreatic cancer (aHR: 1.716, 95% CI: 1.182–2.492). The consistency of this association persisted among both male and female, with its strength increasing with older age. Conclusions: The risk of gastrointestinal cancer was significantly increased in T1D patients. Older male T1D patients exhibit a higher risk, suggesting the need for targeted attention in their care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has often been reported that thyroid-specific autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, could increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but the association between other ADs beyond thyroid and thyroid cancer has not been well investigated. This study aimed to examine the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with eight ADs compared with those without ADs. Methods: This nationwide retrospective matched cohort study was conducted to investigate the relationship of eight ADs (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's disease, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) with the risk of incident thyroid cancer using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The Cox-proportional hazard model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) for thyroid cancer in relation to each of AD compared with control group without AD. Results: During the average follow-up of 9.49 years, 138 thyroid cancer cases were newly developed in control group and 268 cases were occurred in group with 8 ADs. For all of study participants, the risk of thyroid cancer was significantly increased in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HR = 2.10 [1.57–2.81]), Graves' disease (HR = 2.67 [1.99–3.62]), IBD (HR = 2.06 [1.50–2.83]), vitiligo (HR = 1.71 [1.13–2.59]), RA (HR = 1.76 [1.07–2.90]), and total of 8 ADs (HR = 1.97 [1.60–2.42]) compared with control group without ADs. When ADs were divided into three types, thyroid-specific ADs (HR = 2.37 [1.85–3.03]) showed the strongest and significant association with thyroid cancer, followed by local ADs (HR = 1.83 [1.41–2.38]), and systemic ADs (HR = 1.77 [1.14–2.74]). Conclusions: Specific ADs—especially for thyroid-specific AD, vitiligo, IBD, and RA—were associated with increased risk for thyroid cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Decreased kidney function is a putative risk factor for various cancers. However, few studies have investigated the association between a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident pancreatic cancer. We aimed to investigate the risk of incident pancreatic cancer according to eGFR categories. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 359 721 adults who underwent health checkups in 2009 or 2010 by using the Korean National Health Insurance Database. The study population was categorized into four groups by eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: group 1 (eGFR < 45), group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), and group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of pancreatic cancer until 2019 by comparing the eGFR groups. Results: During the 3 493 589.05 person‐years of follow‐up, 1702 pancreatic cancer cases were identified. Compared with group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90), HRs and 95% CIs for the incidence of pancreatic cancer were 1.39 (1.24–1.56) for group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), 1.79 (1.47–2.16) for group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), and 2.05 (1.62–2.60) for group 1 (eGFR < 45) in the multivariate adjusted model. Conclusions: Decreased eGFR was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean population. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between a decreased eGFR and the risk of pancreatic cancer in other ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]