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Extension of “conjugation length” in doped π-conjugated oligomers effectively improved the conductivity owing to the reduced intramolecular Coulomb repulsion energy.

Band-filling modulation of single-crystalline 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene dimer salt from the half-filled state based on hydrogen-bonded anion chain formation enhanced the conductivity.

This paper is described on the improvement of the Active Textbook System (A-txt) and the consideration for Copyright Law when the A-txt is used. The A-txt is a next-generation electronic educational material system proposed by the authors that can digitally expand the general paper books with general-purpose terminals. This system is the original system that allows you to easily attach additional digital content to any location by using figures and sentences on paper as augmented reality (AR) markers. Initially, A-txt, which was developed for each type of mobile OS, is provided on a unified platform by using Unity, and it has become possible to concentrate budgets and human resources. This time, we have added new functions to make usability better and improved the screen display by modifying the source code. In addition, as a measure to use figures in books as AR markers without infringing copyright, we experimentally have found the minimum necessary range in which A-txt can be used without inconvenience. In the process, we also have found a method to increase the recognition rate of markers.

The authors have proposed the Active Textbook System (A-txt) as the next generation learning material system. A-txt is a system to enhance the textbook by adding digital content to the figures and formulas in a general book by using AR technology. Production of content and registration to the server can be done relatively easily using a general-purpose personal computer, and the content added to the book can be browed using the users’ own smart terminal. Therefore, the introduction cost can be reduced without the need for a dedicated machine. Also, once content is downloaded, it can be used offline. This point is the other advantage that other systems do not have. So far, A-txt was limited to iOS devices that hardware are standardized, but this time the system for Android devices, that have more users, have been developed. Although challenges remain for AR and 3D display, an application that meets practical requirements has been completed. Also, since the Android OS is free, there are a wide variety of terminals adopted. Therefore, recommended hardware specifications have been formulated by benchmark evaluation. Moreover, in order to solve some problems that became apparent in the development process, it was decided to change to an OS-independent system by using Unity.

Although doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are extensively used in electronic devices, their molecular- weight distributions and inadequately defined structures have hindered the elucidation of their underlying conduction mechanism. In this study, we introduce the simplest discrete oligomer models: EDOT dimer radical cation salts. Single-crystal structural analyses revealed their one-dimensional (1D) columnar structures, in which the donors were uniformly stacked. Band calculations identified 1D metallic band structures with a strong intracolumnar orbital interaction (band width W ~ 1 eV), implying the origin of the high conductivity of doped PEDOT. Interestingly, the salts exhibited semiconducting behavior reminiscent of genuine Mott states as a result of electron-electron repulsion ( U ) dominant over W . This study realized basic models with tunable W and U to understand the conduction mechanism of doped PEDOT through structural modification in oligomers, including the conjugation length.

Anthracene, a simple planar building block for organic semiconductors, shows strong intermolecular interactions and exhibits strong blue fluorescence. Thus, its derivatives have a great potential to integrate considerable charge carrier mobility and strong emission within a molecule. Here, we systematically studied the influence of alkyl chain length on the crystal structures, thermal properties, photophysical characteristics, electrochemical behaviors, and mobilities for a series of 2,6-di(4-alkyl-phenyl)anthracenes (Cn-Ph-Ants, where n represents the alkyl chain length). Among them, Cn-Ph-Ants (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) display similar layered herringbone (LHB) packing motifs, which facilitate two-dimensional charge transport and thereby enables high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). All Cn-Ph-Ants exhibit similar work functions and show strong blue fluorescence with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of approximately 40% in toluene. In addition, the absolute powder PLQYs of C0-, C2-, C3-, C4-, and C6-Ph-Ants are 24.6, 8.2, 5.7, 10.9, and 8.6%, respectively. Note that the alkyl chain length shows a significant effect on the charge mobilities of Cn-Ph-Ants. Our newly synthesized C1-, C3-, and C4-Ph-Ants show hole mobilities of up to 2.40, 1.34, and 1.00 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, with mobilities of 3.40, 1.57, and 0.82 cm2 V-1 s-1 for C0-, C2-, and C6-Ph-Ants, indicating an increasing tendency of mobility with shorter alkyl chain length. This feature is related to the microstructures of the thin films, which reveal the enhanced film order, crystallinity, and grain size with a decrease in the alkyl chain length. Moreover, we theoretically analyze the intermolecular transfer integrals of HOMOs, which increase at T-shaped contacts as the alkyl chain length decreases, which improves the intermolecular charge transport properties, leading to the increases in mobility. Interestingly, the anisotropy of the transfer integral tends to decrease upon substitution with longer alkyl chains, suggesting that alkyl chain adjustments may facilitate isotropic charge transport property in 2,6-alkylated anthracenes.

The hydrogenative cross-coupling of internal alkynes and aryl iodides by palladium/copper cooperative catalysis furnished a range of triarylethenes in moderate to good yield and stereoselectivity. Under the applied catalytic conditions, various functional groups, including silylether, chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, and amine substituents, are tolerated.

In this paper, we describe a method to make active learning from class to self-study by two proposed methods. One of them is naming active note taking (A-note), which actively makes note taking at class. The other is a system called active textbook system (A-txt) which promotes students’ self-study by adding digital contents to a general paper textbook and browsing with a mobile smart device. A-note is aimed at making the head work for taking note itself. In this method, in order to reduce passive note taking as much as possible, let students actively write out the information by the students’ words and diagrams to handouts distributed in advance. In the class to which this method was applied, the results of the test improved and the introduction effect was confirmed. We also analyzed the materials written by students using image processing technology. When examining the correlation between the analyzing results and the test results, a certain correlation was observed. Therefore, quantitative effects by introducing A-note could be shown. As for A-txt, we expanded iOS application using augmented reality (AR) technology in order to be more easy and effective the conversion of general books into digital educational materials. In this time, we have developed a GUI system that makes it easy to produce the additional content to a textbook. In addition, we added functions that allow students to post questions about the textbook etc. to teachers. We also conducted an application survey cooperating testers and found a smart device specification that can use A-txt without problems. Therefore, by combining A-note and A-txt, we found a possibility that students actively learn from lecture to self-study.

A method for the reductive cross-coupling of conjugated arylalkenes and aryl bromides with hydrosilanes by cooperative palladium/copper catalysis was developed, thus resulting in the highly regioselective formation of various 1,1-diarylalkanes, including a biologically active molecule. Under the applied reaction conditions, high levels of functional-group tolerance were observed, and the reductive cross-coupling of internal alkynes with aryl bromides afforded trisubstituted alkenes.

Active textbook system is a novel educational supporting system. This system allows you to browse additional information by holding mobile devices over a general paper textbook. The system realize that teachers can attach additional information to the books relative easily, and students can use their own portable terminals to browse the contents. In this time, we have improved this system to higher functions.

This report details a new method for site-selective methylene oxidation adjacent to azaheterocycles. A dual catalysis approach, utilizing both an iron Lewis acid and an organic hydroxylamine catalyst, proved highly effective. We demonstrate that this method provides complementary selectivity to other known catalytic approaches and represents an improvement over current heterocycle-selective reactions that rely on stoichiometric activation.

Copper-catalyzed semihydrogenation of internal alkynes has been developed. The reaction proceeds under an atmosphere of hydro- gen (5 atm) at 100 °C in the presence of a readily available ((PPh3)CuCl)4 catalyst to give various Z-alkenes stereoselectively.

A method for the reductive cross-coupling of conjugated arylalkenes and aryl bromides with hydrosilanes by cooperative palladium/copper catalysis was developed, thus resulting in the highly regioselective formation of various 1,1-diarylalkanes, including a biologically active molecule. Under the applied reaction conditions, high levels of functional-group tolerance were observed, and the reductive cross-coupling of internal alkynes with aryl bromides afforded trisubstituted alkenes.