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Vasospastic angina (VSA) can be worsened by oral nonselective beta-blockers. Ophthalmic carteolol eye drops are non-selective beta blockers and effective against glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Systemic effects of ophthalmic beta blockers on VSA have not yet been reported. We herein report a case of VSA that developed after a patient started carteolol eye drops for ocular hypertension. Even though benidipine, a calcium channel blocker. was started, a VSA attack with incessant non-sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred. Once the carteolol eyedrops were discontinued, the VSA resolved. This case demonstrates that carteolol eye drops can induce life-threatening VSA.

A chiral cyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid, (S)-(-)-cucurbitine, which has a pyrrolidine ring with a chiral center at the α-position, was synthesized, and its homopeptides were prepared. (S)-(-)-Cucurbitine homopeptides with a Boc-protecting group formed helical structures with slight control of the helical screw sense to the left-handed form. The state of the pyrrolidine ring in (S)-(-)-cucurbitine was important for the control of the helical structures and helical screw sense of its homopeptides.

A 65-year-old Japanese woman with an intrapericardial tumor and neck tumor was admitted to our hospital. Intrapericardial tumor had not been resected because of massive bleeding from the hypervascular tumor and its invasion into the pericardium, ascending aorta, and pulmonary artery. The neck tumor had been successfully resected, and paraganglioma was pathologically diagnosed. Abnormal accumulation in the intrapericardial tumor was seen with (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Moreover, gene mutation of succinate dehydrogenase type D was found. Finally, paraganglioma of the carotid body and intrapericardium was diagnosed.

Although intramural blood pools due to intercostal arteries in intramural hematoma have been reported as a traumatic aortic injury, the precise mechanism is unclear. We present the case of an elderly patient who presented with an intramural blood pool due to an intercostal artery prolapse in an intramural hematoma associated with a compression fracture of the thoracic vertebra after a fall. Learning objectives It is possible to treat intramural blood pool due to intercostal artery prolapse in an intramural hematoma associated with thoracic vertebral compression and intramural blood pool in an intramural hematoma as a traumatic aortic injury with medications.

A chiral cyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid, (

Aim Comparisons between the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), a new physiological resting index, and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of prognostic value are limited. We aimed to identify the prognostic value of concordance between RFR and FFR and to determine the stability of measured RFR. Methods and results We measured FFR and RFR in 161 coronary arteries of 119 patients and classified the data using known cutoffs for FFR (≤0.80) and RFR (≤0.89) into groups; high FFR and high RFR (high FFR/low RFR) group, high FFR and low RFR (high FFR/low RFR) group, low FFR and high RFR (low FFR/high RFR) group, and low FFR and low RFR (low FFR/low RFR) group. The concordance rates in these groups were 42.2% (68/161), 4.4% (7/161), 14.3% (23/161), and 39.1% (63/161), respectively. The concordance between FFR and RFR was 81.4%. The prevalence of females was significantly higher, values for hemoglobin values were significantly lower, and average E/E' (an index of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function by echocardiography) was significantly higher in high FFR/low RFR group than in low FFR/high RFR group (p = .008, .050, and .028, respectively). Conclusions The RFR and FFR values consistently agreed. Female, anemia, and LV diastolic dysfunction may be related to the difference of discordance between high FFR/low RFR and low FFR/high RFR.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the co-benefits of reducing air pollutant emissions for renewable power generation Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs). We also quantitatively discuss how co-benefit values depend on the emission standard policies. For this purpose, long-term baselines are developed considering the emission reduction policies and renewable energy promotion measures in China and India. And a new assessment of marginal damage cost of air pollutant emissions is performed based on a social survey conducted in several Asian cities. Due to the emission standard promulgated in 2011, the baseline emissions of air pollutants on a long-term are significantly decreased in China. The co-benefits of reducing air pollutant emissions per avoided carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is shown to be much lower than the values reported in previous studies, and the positive effect of the co-benefits of CDMs is rather limited. For the Indian baseline, where an air pollutant emission standard is assumed only for particulate matters, the co-benefit values of reduced air pollutant emissions are found to be close to those reported in previous studies, and the inclusion of co-benefits for CDM evaluation is found effective in improving the viability of renewable power generation CDMs.

Chiral cyclic α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids with four chiral centers at their acetal moieties were synthesized. An X-ray crystallographic analysis of homo-chiral tripeptide with (2R,3R)-butane-2,3-diol acetal moieties revealed that the tripeptide formed both (P) and (M) helical structures, and all peptide main-chain N(i)-H were intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded with the side-chain acetal -O- of the same amino acid residues (i). The effect of the four chiral centers in the amino acid residue on the peptide backbone helical-screw control was very weak., Tetrahedron, 71(23), pp.3909-3914; 2015

The present study quantitatively assesses the relationships between a reticulated giraffe mother and her first- and second-born calves during the first 22 months of the older calf’s and the first 12 months of the younger calf’s life at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan. The mother permitted her calves to suckle at over 70% of their suckling attempts in the first month after their births, and the calves ceased suckling spontaneously in 65 to 70% of the suckling bouts. From the second month on, she showed a clear tendency to reject the calves’ suckling attempts and terminated almost all of their suckling bouts, which resulted in approximately 60 sec or less of suckling duration per bout. The frequency of proximity between the mother and her calves remained at 20 to 30% throughout the first year, with no apparent developmental changes being evident. The mother was mainly responsible for terminating proximity by walking away from her calves throughout their first year after birth, while both calves were mainly responsible for attempting proximity by approaching their mother after reaching 2 months of age. Our study also showed that the giraffe mother became pregnant again while nursing her calves and ceased lactation (i.e., weaned the calves) before the fetus’s

Energy-related Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects contribute to sustainable development through reducing air pollutants in addition to CO2 emissions. This paper evaluates the co-benefits of ten coal-fired power generation CDM projects which are currently in registration and validation with a power generation mix linear programming model in India’s power sector from 2006 to 2031. Two scenarios are developed to identify impacts of the CDM projects. As a result, the co-benefits are invoked by the CDM projects in India’s power sector. CO2 emissions decrease by 79 Mt CO2 and SOx and NOx emissions decrease by 0.8 Mt SOx and 0.6 Mt NOx from the baseline in 2031. Including benefits from the reduction of the air pollutants warrants sustainable development benefit and contributes to enhance the generated CER prices. Thus, we argue that addressing co-benefits encourages both host countries and investors to participate CDM projects.

This study examines the effects of the inclusion of the co-benefits on the potential installed capacity of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) projects with a linear programming model by the clean development mechanism (CDM) in India's power sector. It is investigated how different marginal damage costs of air pollutants affect the potential installed capacity of CCS projects in the CDM with a scenario analysis. Three results are found from this analysis. First, large quantity of IGCC with CCS becomes realizable when the certified emission reduction (CER) prices are above US$56/tCO 2 in the integrated Northern, Eastern, Western, and North-Eastern regional grids (NEWNE) and above US $49/tCO 2 in the Southern grid. Second, including co-benefits contributes to decrease CO 2 emissions and air pollutants with introduction of IGCC with CCS in the CDM at lower CER prices. Third, the effects of the co-benefits are limited in the case of CCS because CCS reduces larger amount of CO 2 emissions than that of air pollutants. Total marginal damage costs of air pollutants of US$250/t and US$200/t lead to CER prices of US$1/tCO 2 reduction in the NEWNE grid and the Southern grid.

The present study quantitatively assesses the relationships between a reticulated giraffe mother and her first- and second-born calves during the first 22 months of the older calf's and the first 12 months of the younger calf's life at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan. The mother permitted her calves to suckle at over 70% of their suckling attempts in the first month after their births, and the calves ceased suckling spontaneously in 65 to 70% of the suckling bouts. From the second month on, she showed a clear tendency to reject the calves' suckling attempts and terminated almost all of their suckling bouts, which resulted in approximately 60 sec or less of suckling duration per bout. The frequency of proximity between the mother and her calves remained at 20 to 30% throughout the first year, with no apparent developmental changes being evident. The mother was mainly responsible for terminating proximity by walking away from her calves throughout their first year after birth, while both calves were mainly responsible for attempting proximity by approaching their mother after reaching 2 months of age. Our study also showed that the giraffe mother became pregnant again while nursing her calves and ceased lactation (i.e., weaned the calves) before the fetus's growth started accelerating.

In this paper, the impact of the introduction of a carbon tax is examined with a regional computable general equilibrium model based on two accounting principles. The carbon tax is levied on the basis of the “polluter pays principle” (PPP) and the “user pays principle” (UPP). The double-dividend effect of recycling the revenue from the carbon tax for a reduction of the residence tax (RT) and the payroll tax (PT) on employers for social security is examined. In all cases, while no strong double dividend effect is found, employment double dividend occurs in PT cases. Levying on the basis of UPP is most desirable to reduce CO 2 emissions, as well as to discourage carbon leakage.

Intra- and extracellular sodium in guinea pig erythrocytes was evaluated with sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (23Na-NMR) by the use of a shift reagent, Dy(TTHA)3- or Dy(PPPi)2(7-). The test medium contained erythrocytes at 40% hematocrit level and NMR buffer (145 mM NaCl, 10 mM Dy(TTHA)3-, 10% D2O, adjusted to pH 7.4 with tris, at 35 degrees C). NMR spectra were obtained with a JEOL GSX 400 spectrometer operating at the Fourier transform mode of resonance signals, and the accumulated signals provoked by radio-frequency pulses of 90 degrees were recorded on paper. Quantitative Na determination was performed by measuring the area under the peak of intracellular sodium (Nai) NMR signals. Ouabain (Oua: 0.3 mM) and asebotoxin-III (ATX-III: 0.3 mM) produced an increase in Nai-NMR signals to a level of 188.1% and 138.1% of the control, respectively. Combined use of Oua (0.15 mM) and ATX-III (0.15 mM) produced an elevation of Nai concentration to a high level of 219.0% of the control in a superadditive manner. Mechanisms of the Nai elevation with Oua and ATX-III can be interpreted by assuming two different actions: ATX-III increases net Na(+)-influx via Na+ channels, while Oua inhibits the pumping out of Na+ from the cell.