Search

Animals possess a range of sensory systems that are shaped by phylogeny and adapted to their unique life history. The field of sensory ecology studies how animals use these sensory capabilities to acquire and process salient information that enhances survival. Navigation, prey capture, predator avoidance, and communication are behaviours that rely on sensory inputs and are critical to understanding how an animal interacts with the physical environment and the other organisms that share its habitat. Because sensory biology is so critical to the behaviour of an animal, a detailed understanding of a species' sensory capabilities may also reveal novel and potentially more effective ways of manipulating its behaviour for management or conservation purposes. Here we highlight several instances where the application of a sensory ecology approach has been used to tackle challenging conservation problems, with a view to encouraging such an approach in Australian ecosystems. We describe how it is possible to exploit animal sensory systems to control invasive species using sensory traps and reduce negative interactions between humans and animals. We emphasise the importance of understanding and mitigating anthropogenic stressors from the perspective of the animals affected, in both wild animals affected by urban development and captive animals. It is evident that a sensory ecology approach has much to offer in terms of improving animal welfare and the conservation of biodiversity, including through the development of novel technological solutions that augment the current conservation management toolbox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Bethesda system classifies all fine-needle aspiration specimens into 1 of 6 categories. We speculated that cancers within each Bethesda category would have distinct clinical behavior. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients from a single academic medical center with a histologic diagnosis of thyroid cancer who had an initial diagnosis of Bethesda III, IV, V, or VI cytology. Results A total of 556 cases were included, with 87 cases of Bethesda III, 109 cases of IV, 120 cases of V, and 240 cases of VI. Bethesda III showed similarities with V/VI compared to IV with a predominance of papillary thyroid cancer. The interval from diagnosis to surgery was longer in Bethesda III compared to Bethesda V/VI (median 78 vs 41 days, P <.001) (Fig. 1). Yet, patients with Bethesda III had a higher probability of achieving remission (62% vs 46%, P <.03), a lower possibility of recurrence (8% vs 24%, P <.001), and a shorter interval to achieve remission (median 1218 vs 1682 days, P =.02) compared to Bethesda V/VI, which did not change after adjusting for age, sex, radioactive iodine therapy, mode of surgery, and tumor size. More than 70% of Bethesda III that later presented with recurrence had T3/T4 disease or distant metastasis. Figure 1. Time to surgery III vs V/VI. Open in new tab Download slide Conclusion Cancers with Bethesda III cytology had a less aggressive clinical phenotype with better prognosis compared to V/VI despite histological similarities. The time to remission was shorter in Bethesda III despite a longer interval between diagnosis and surgery. The initial cytological diagnosis may guide management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to recognize how mathematical lessons can be stimulating for children is to interpret them as stories. If mathematical lessons follow a structure similar to that of a story, they can build anticipation, create surprise, and even generate intrigue (Egan 1988). To support the design of mathematical lessons with these types of aesthetic opportunities, the authors have developed a mathematical story-planning framework. This framework explains how mathematics can unfold in a way that enhances students' aesthetic experience (such as gasping in surprise) while expanding their mathematical knowledge. In this article, the authors describe their mathematical story-planning framework and model how the lead author used it to create, teach, and reflect on a fifth-grade lesson on measurement.

Our understanding of stress granule (SG) biology has deepened considerably in recent years, and with this, increased understanding of links has been made between SGs and numerous neurodegenerative diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms by which SGs and any associated protein aggregates may become pathological is based upon defects in their autophagic clearance, and so the precise processes governing the degradation of SGs are important to understand. Mutations and disease‐associated variants implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal lobar dementia compromise autophagy, whilst autophagy‐inhibiting drugs or knockdown of essential autophagy proteins result in the persistence of SGs. In this review, we will consider the current knowledge regarding the autophagy of SG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the financial services industry is finalising the adoption and implementation of the shortened settlement cycle on 28th May, 2024, and its implications to procedures, technology and behaviour, this paper lays out the benefits, challenges and best practices to ensure a smooth transition and implementation to all participants. The implications of these changes are enormous and open companies up to a variety of risks. This paper informs best practices to ensure a seamless integration, including operational, risk and communications. In addition, the paper focuses on practical steps to automating processes, centralising data and utilising technology to create a more efficient future. It points out that by utilising technology as a mechanism for continuous improvement, not only will companies be able to meet implementation requirements of this T+1 mandate but also create a mechanism to continue to meet regulatory changes. By utilising technology to create an environment of continuous improvement, powered by work orchestration, a fundamental shift in workforce behaviour can begin. In doing so, companies can ensure that they meet the operational requirements of this mandate, leading to efficiencies throughout their organisation and an improved employee and client experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient-led recording occurs when a patient records a clinical encounter with their smart device. Understanding patient-led recording is important in ensuring a safe and patient-centered response to this behavior. This exploratory study provides insight into the patient perspective of patient-led recordings. We conducted 20 semistructured interviews with hospital and health service patients. The interview data was analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified three themes relating to patient-led recordings, including patient engagement, psychosocial, and health service. Findings suggest that health services move beyond querying the permissibility of recording and consider how to maximize the benefits of recording while reducing the risk of harm. Patients and clinicians need to be made aware of the potential broader psychosocial benefits of recording a clinical encounter during hospital admission. These results point to an urgent need for health services to develop policies and resources that support clinicians to work within a culture of recording. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that Romance in Marseille marks a significant shift in Claude McKay's approach to primitivism, one that necessitates a reconsideration of his reputation--based on his two novels of the late 1920s--as perhaps the HarlemRenaissance's foremost proponent of "strategic primitivism." Tracing the development ofMcKay's primitivismfrom Home to Harlem (1928) and Banjo (1929) to his most recently published novel, this essay suggests an evolution along philosophical, political, and stylistic lines. Romance in Marseille deconstructs the primitive/civilized binary, forgoing the antiracist potentialities of primitivism for the utopian possibilities of international Marxism, interracial collaboration and queer love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed of locomotion plays an important role in an animal's biology and ecology and is of particular interest in aquatic animals. Determining cruising speeds of shark-for which such data are scarce-may help to better understand their interactions with prey, the size of the home ranges they maintain, their energetic costs and how they interact with their environment through sensory perception. In this study, the cruising speeds of a range of different shark species were measured using stereo-baited remote underwater video systems (stereo-BRUVS). The relationship between cruising speeds and fork length, species, order, habitat, trophic level, temperature and tail shape was then modelled. Fork length and species best explained the cruising speeds of the eight species of shark studied: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus albimarginatus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Furgaleus macki, Carcharhinus obesus, Mustelus antarcticus, Heterodontus portusjacksoni and Parascyllium variolatum. This linear model had a slope that did not differ statistically from that of the theoretical model proposed by Weihs (Scale effects in animal locomotion, Academic Press, New York, pp 333-338, 1977 (See CR79)), which suggests that the relationship between cruising speed and length appears to be dominated by energetics. The results suggest that existing allometric estimates of cruising speeds can be improved by defining cruising speeds for each species as a function of length. Currently, literature presents cruising speed data for only a few species of shark; therefore, we provide a second, generalised model, which predicts cruising speed as a function of length and tail shape. The length + tail shape model was selected based on its generality and accuracy in estimating shark cruising speeds obtained from acoustic tags. This length + tail shape model was significantly better than a length only model; it explained a further 76 % of the variation in cruising speed derived from stereo-BRUVS and acoustic tagging data than a length only model. The more accurate prediction of the length + tail shape model is most likely because tail shape is correlated with a number of ecological factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00227-015-2670-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users., Author(s): Laura A. Ryan[sup.1] [sup.2] , Jessica J. Meeuwig[sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3 ] , Jan M. Hemmi[sup.1] [sup.2] , Shaun P. Collin[sup.1] [sup.2] , Nathan S. Hart[sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]