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Indigenous academics are often faced with a balancing act between the danger and risk of critiquing the institutions within which they reside, and the duty or obligation they feel to do so. As Indigenous Maori academics located within three different business schools across Aotearoa New Zealand, our work in both research and teaching is often highly critical of the institution, which can leave us exposed, vulnerable and grasping to hold onto a fragile sense of identity in the academy. We use the conceptual framework of parrhesia as a critical response to the institutional landscape of business schools and higher education in general. Parrhesia can be described as free speech directly critiquing hegemonic norms and practices. In this article, we share our experiences as episodes of parrhesia, as voice and action derived from our Indigenous worldview, to illustrate the utility of Indigenous parrhesiastes. Finally, we suggest that parrhesia offers us as Indigenous academics mode and mechanism with which we can challenge institutional power structures in different ways to effect change through the advance of safe and purposeful inclusion of Indigenous epistemologies, identities and pedagogies in the academy.

This paper explores the notion of complexity as it arises in organizational research. In particular, we consider kaupapa Maori research as a transformational Indigenous methodology that not only enables research in Indigenous Maori contexts, but operates at the intersection of Western and Indigenous worlds. Our conceptualization of an Indigenous methodology incorporates complexity through paradigmatic plurality and explicitly acknowledges the characteristics of emergence and self-organization at the heart of kaupapa Maori research. The consequences are widespread not only for researchers and practitioners of organizations, but also for a perception of Indigenous business that is true to the Indigenous logics in which they are grounded and reflective of good practice. As such, our focus is on the complexity required of research if it is to reflect the views of Indigenous and mainstream simultaneously and be able to claim that it genuinely captures the diversity and dynamics of a complex society., Introduction Blind ignorance misleads us thus and delights with the results of lascivious joys. O! wretched mortals, open your eyes. --The Da Vinci Notebooks, 1182 In organizational research, what is [...]

This paper cultivates an approach to leisure scholarship which is more responsive to Indigenous peoples and responsibilities of translation. This study is grounded within kaupapa Māori, an Indigenous perspective specific to Aotearoa New Zealand that privileges Māori epistemology. We apply this to a longitudinal analysis of media representations of an Indigenous event (Puaka Matariki) held annually since 2004 in Ōtepoti/Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand. We find that media narratives surrounding the event use te reo (Māori language) in a way that demonstrates its acceptance in the wider non-Māori community, a clear respect for Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) through the incorporation of identity and values, the manifestation of whanaungatanga (collectivity and social relationality), and the assertion of tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty). We conclude that events such as Puaka Matariki can act as expressions of empowerment for Indigenous communities traditionally marginalized through experiences of colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an exploratory study into critical success factors as they are perceived by Māori small- to medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners in the Otago/Southland regions of New Zealand. We draw on interview responses from 11 Māori business owners and four representatives of SME support services. The aim of this study is to explore Māori SME characteristics in terms of the critical success factors that help or hinder the achievement of their business aspirations. The findings indicate three main thematic concerns: Māori SME owners' perception of being Māori impacts on how they position themselves as a business; the regional business environment has particular features that impact in a particular way on Māori SMEs; and, notions of business strategy are culturally nuanced. We propose that a culturally constituted regional business support system will better enable Māori SMEs to achieve their aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite growing interest in Indigenous entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation, few studies bridge these two domains empirically. We address this gap by developing a model for exploring entrepreneurial orientation in Indigenous communities. We assess the possible dimensions of Indigenous entrepreneurship orientation in a qualitative study of Māori business owners in New Zealand. The findings suggest that Indigenous worldview and entrepreneurial ecosystem influences the entrepreneurial orientation of participants, leading to a continuum of Indigenous entrepreneurial orientation. The results have important implications for Indigenous entrepreneurship policy, practice and theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]