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As we have moved the majority of our monetary, business related, and other day by day exercises to the web, we are presented to more serious dangers as cybercrimes. URL-based phishing assaults are quite possibly the most widely recognized dangers to web client. In this kind of assault, the aggressor takes advantage of the human weakness rather than programming defects. It targets the two people and associations, instigates them to tap on URLs that look secure, and take private data or infuse malware on our framework. Diverse AI calculations are being utilized for the identification of phishing URLs, that is, to group a URL as phishing or real. Analysts are continually attempting to work on the presentation of existing models and increment their exactness. In this work, we expect to audit different AI strategies utilized for this reason, alongside datasets and URL highlights used to prepare the AI models. The presentation of various AI calculations and the strategies used to build their exactness measures are talked about and investigated. The objective is to make an overview asset for scientists to become familiar with the current advancements in the field and add to making phishing discovery models that yield more precise outcomes. Keywords: Phishing, Phishing websites, Machine Learning, anti-phishing, phishing attack, security and privacy, phishing approaches

Introduction: Tobacco use is a known risk factor for stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between e-cigarette smoking and stroke is largely unknown. Hypothesis: This study aims to assess the effect of e-cigarettes among people who have had a history of stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed using the NHANES database from 2015 to 2018 in the US population. We identified participants 18 or older with a history of stroke and their smoking habits (e-cigarette, traditional, and dual smoking). The chi-square test, unpaired t-test, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of e-cigarette consumption among the stroke population. Results: Out of a total of 266,058 respondents, 79,825 were smokers [E-cigarette: 7,756 (9.72%); Traditional: 48,625(60.91%), Dual smokers: 23,444 (29.37%)] Overall prevalence of stroke was 5.41% (n=4194) amongst various types of smokers. Amongst females with stroke, the prevalence of e-cigarette use was higher compared to traditional smoking. (36.36% vs 33.91%; p Conclusion: Although stroke was more prevalent in traditional smokers, e-cigarette smokers had early-onset and higher odds of stroke compared to traditional smokers. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects and safety of e-cigarettes to mitigate the risk of cardio and cerebrovascular disorders.

Background: Scrotal hematoma is a challenging complication of penile prosthesis surgery. We characterize the risk of hematoma formation with implementation of standardized techniques to mitigate hematomas and assess for any associated factors in a large multi-institutional penile implant cohort. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review from February 2018 to December 2020 of all patients who underwent inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP)implantation at 2 high volume implant centers was conducted. Cases were defined as ‘complex’ if they involved revision, salvage with removal/replacement, or were performed with concurrent penile, scrotal or intra-abdominal surgeries. The incidence of scrotal hematoma among primary and complex IPP recipients was measured and modifiable and innate risk factors associated with hematoma formation within the two cohorts were tracked. Results: Of 246 men who underwent IPP, 194 (78.9%) patients underwent primary implantation and 52 (21.1%) were complex. Although patients in the complex group had comparable drain outputs to non-hematoma patients on POD0 (66.8cc vs 49.6, p=0.488) and POD1 (20.0cc vs 40.3, p=0.114), hematomas in the complex group had a higher propensity for OR evacuation (p=0.03). Difference in duration of temporary device inflation between 2 and 4 weeks did not contribute to hematoma formation. Postoperative hematoma formation in complex cases (5/52, 9.6%) trended towards a higher incidence than primary cases (7/194, 3.1%) (HR=2.61, p=0.072). Conclusions: Complex IPP surgery performed for revision or with ancillary procedures are more likely to result in clinically significant hematomas that require surgical management, suggesting a need for heightened caution in managing these individuals.

Few studies have thoroughly evaluated the neuro-invasive effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which may contribute to a wide range of sequelae from mild long-term effects like headaches and fatigue to severe events like stroke and arrhythmias. Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term neurological effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients discharged from the hospital. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the long-term neurocognitive effects of COVID-19. Post-COVID-19 neurological sequelae were defined as persistent symptoms of headache, fatigue, myalgia, anosmia, dysgeusia, sleep disturbance, issues with concentration, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidality, and depression long after the acute phase of COVID-19. Data from observational studies describing post-COVID-19 neurocognitive sequelae and severity of COVID-19 from September 1, 2019, to the present were extracted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol with a consensus of three independent reviewers. A systematic review was performed for qualitative evaluation and a meta-analysis was performed for quantitative analysis by calculating log odds of COVID-19 neurocognitive sequelae. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained and forest plots were created using random effects models. We found seven studies, out of which three were used for quantitative synthesis of evidence. Of the 3,304 post-COVID-19 patients identified, 50.27% were male with a mean age of 56 years; 20.20% had post-COVID-19 symptoms more than two weeks after the acute phase of infection. Among persistence symptoms, neurocognitive symptoms like headache (27.8%), fatigue (26.7%), myalgia (23.14%), anosmia (22.8%), dysgeusia (12.1%), sleep disturbance (63.1%), confusion (32.6%), difficulty to concentrate (22%), and psychiatric symptoms like PTSD (31%), feeling depressed (20%), and suicidality (2%) had a higher prevalence. In meta-analysis, COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms had higher odds of headache (pooled OR: 4.53; 95% CI: 2.37-8.65; p0.00001; I

Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) produced was evaluated against Alternaria burnsii to see the inhibitory result of the ZnNPs on the growth of fungal mycelium. Physical characterization of synthesized ZnNPs was 68.04 nm in size, Pdi- 0.263, Keps-252.4. Among the twelve treatments, the best treatment was synthesized ZnNPs with concentration (750 ppm) evidenced most in effect with 86.17 per cent mycelial growth is inhibited. The next treatment was synthesized ZnNPs with concentration (250 ppm) giving 79.26 per cent growth inhibition. Followed by treatment commercial ZnNPs with concentration (1000 ppm) giving 53.46 per cent growth inhibition. The next effective treatment was commercial ZnNPs with concentration (500 ppm) giving 44.69 per cent growth inhibition. Followed by treatment of carbendazim 50 WP with concentration (500 ppm) giving 11.51 per cent growth inhibition. The least effective treatment was commercial ZnNPs with concentration (100 ppm) giving 3.22 per cent growth inhibition. There is directly proportional relationship between increased concentration of the ZnNPs and inhibition of per cent mycelial growth of the pathogen is directly proportional. Further, methylene blue staining was done and the physical changes were studied. The hyphae lost their softness, bulges out followed by reduction in the distance between two hyphae. Branched conidia turned round and conidial development was suppressed. On the basis of this result it can be concluded that ZnNPs inhibited the fungal growth by causing physical damage to the fungal mycelium.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) is a rare, often self-limiting chronic inflammatory disorder mostly occurring in the sun-exposed areas such as the dorsum of hands, extensor surfaces of arms, face, anterior neck, and upper chest. The pathognomonic histological findings include the presence of numerous granulomas associated with loss of elastic fibers that appear to be ingested by multi-nucleated giant cells. Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old woman with multiple, anatomically variable erythematous lesions- annular and papular, mainly in the upper body. The clinical presentation and histopathologic findings support our diagnosis.

The differential diagnosis is broad when a patient presents with an altered mental status. Ethylene glycol poisoning, a life-threatening condition, can occur as an intentional self-harm attempt or unintentional consumption. It is metabolized in the liver by a series of enzymes, and the metabolites so formed are responsible for the majority of clinical effects. The diverse range of clinical effects includes central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal, cardiovascular system (CVS), pulmonary as well as renal effects. The evidence of metabolic acidosis, elevated anion gap, high osmolal gap, and calcium oxalate crystals in laboratory analysis strongly suggests ethylene glycol poisoning. The treatment traditionally consists of alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as fomepizole or ethanol, and in some cases, hemodialysis is needed as well.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly emerging as a Global health problem, which may reach pandemic level by 2030. India is a global capital of Diabetes. Many long term complication may develop in T2DM patients. Cerebrovascular complications are one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in T2DM. Aim: our aim of study to estimate the prevalence of cerebrovascular complication in diabetic and its association with other risk factors and/or diabetic complication. Materials and Methodology: This study was conducted retrospectively enrolling 100 diabetic patients, admitted in medical ward in our institute during January 2014 to September 2015. Results and Discussion: Out of 100 patients, 27 patients had Cerebrovascular Stroke. In this Cerebrovascular (CV) Stroke group, 37.04% had retinopathy, 55.55% had urinary albuminuria, 48.15 % had hypertension and 25.92% had cardiac involvement. Conclusion: Cerebrovascular complications are more prevalent in diabetic due to more likely atherosclerotic event. In this study, comorbidity like Retinopathy, Urinary Albuminuria, loss of Cortico-medullary differentiation (CMD), Hypertension and Cardiac involvement, this are the factor which has a more incidence in CV Stroke group than in group without neurological deficit. So, identification of risk factor and aggressive control of such factor is the most important part of the management of diabetes.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and optimum timing for resurgery in case of persistent macular hole (MH). Materials and Methods: Nineteen eyes of 19 patients who underwent fluid air exchange with intravitreal C3F8 for persistent MH after vitrectomy + internal limiting membrane peeling + SF6 were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) features including base diameter and configuration of MH, and time duration between two surgeries were noted. Results: Patients who underwent resurgery within 3 months of the first surgery had better anatomical closure rate compared to those who underwent resurgery after 3 months (P < 0.05).Significant improvement was seen in BCVA in eyes with closed MH. Eyes having MH with irregular edges on OCT had better anatomical closure rates compared to round edges. Conclusion: Patients undergoing repeat gas injection within 3 months of primary surgery for persistent MH have better anatomical closure rates compared to late intervention (>3 months).

Case report of a 70-year-old male who developed full thickness macular hole (MH) following vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome. The further intervention was deferred due to the unwillingness of the patient for the second surgery. Periodic follow up of the patient, revealed improvement in visual acuity with the closure of the MH after 28 months.

To evaluate the efficacy and optimum timing for resurgery in case of persistent macular hole (MH).Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients who underwent fluid-air exchange with intravitreal C3F8 for persistent MH after vitrectomy + internal limiting membrane peeling + SF6 were included in the study. Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography features including base diameter and configuration of MH, and time duration between the two surgeries were noted.Patients who underwent resurgery within 3 months of the first surgery had better anatomical closure rate compared with those who underwent resurgery after 3 months (P0.05). Significant improvement was seen in best-corrected visual acuity in eyes with closed MH. Eyes having MH with irregular edges on optical coherence tomography had better anatomical closure rates compared with the eyes having MH with round edges.Patients undergoing repeat gas injection within 3 months of the primary surgery for persistent MH have better anatomical closure rates compared with late intervention.

Background: The aim of the work was the clinical characteristics and analysis of preliminary results for surgical treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). This article deals with the classification of the Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) and discusses their presentation, behaviour, treatment and prognosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 70 patients of PNET done over a period of 3 years in The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad. 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment for PNET were further evaluated for surgical outcome, 5yr disease free survival and overall survival. Results: In this study of 70 patients, 61(87.14%) were non-functional. Approximately 77% of PNETs were advanced on presentation (57% metastatic and 20% locally advanced). 20 patients had disease resectable on presentation (11 NF + 9 F). These 20 patients belong to stage I and II of TNM staging system. Only 4 out of 40 metastatic diseases had locally resectable tumor. Of 24 patients who underwent surgery, 12 underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy, 6 underwent enucleation and 6 underwent distal pancreatectomy. Conclusions: PNETs are uncommon tumor of pancreatic origin with presentation more commonly in males than females, usually in the 5th decade. Approximately 77% of patients are advanced or metastatic at presentation. Among those resectable, the Overall Survival for FPNETs and NFPNETs was 90% and 94% respectively and 5yr Disease Free Survival for the same was 100% and 84% respectively.

In the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), radio propagations from devices that are near or inside the human body are composite and unique contrasting with the different environments since the human body has a composite shape comprising of various tissues. Along these lines, channel models are unique in relation to the ones in alternate situations. We present a channel modelling of a situation imitating to the real one where multiple transmitters are placed in a human brain and a receiver is placed on the human skull. Results like Packet Collisions, Received Signal Level and Impulse Response were obtained through experiments that are presented in the results section.

Combining Pemetrexed with Methoxyamine to Enhance the Radiosensitization of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Preclinical Studies in vivo BACKGROUND: Stage III lung cancer is often treated with radiation therapy (RT) and a platin, and recent clinical trials have found benefit for tumors of non-squamous histology of adding Pemetrexed on stage IV disease. Since the cytotoxic effects of Pemetrexed are amplified in the presence of methoxyamine, we tested the ability of methoxyamine to also amplify the radiosensitization provided by Pemetrexed. METHODS: Human lung cancer cells (A549, expressing wild-type p53, or H1299, p53 null) were inoculated into the right flank of female athymic nude mice. When the xenografts reached 100-175 mm3, the mice were randomized (Day 0) into 4 arms, which were given 5 daily doses (Days 1-5) of Pemetrexed (150 mg/kg) and/or methoxyamine (4 mg/kg) or no drugs. On Day 6, half of the tumors of each arm were irradiated (8 Gy single fraction, Cs-137 γ-radiation). Twice weekly the animals were weighed and tumor growth was monitored by calipers. RESULTS: None of the treatments caused animals to lose weight. For A549 xenografts, growth rates for all treatment arms differed significantly from the untreated control growth rate (p Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ravi Patel, Rutul Patel, Tithi Biswas, Pingfu Fu, Mitchell Machtay, Nancy Oleinick. Combining Pemetrexed with methoxyamine to enhance the radiosensitization of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preclinical studies in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3342

Larynx plays an important role for activities like speech, swallowing & respiration. To preserve all these function early diagnosis & treatment of laryngeal disease is necessary. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers.

Breast cancer is a second leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. Cancer related deaths in breast cancer patients are due to metastasis of disease. Thus new drugs which could successfully inhibit metastatic disease spread are highly desired. However till date there are only a few experimental models available to study metastatic progression of breast cancer. Murine 4T1 mammary breast cancer cells when transplanted s.c./or into mammary gland metastasizes to lungs, liver and bone similar to that observed in women with stage IV metastatic disease. Thus this model is highly appropriate for studies related to breast cancer metastasis. Previously we have shown that Deguelin, originally isolated from an African plant Mundulea sericea significantly inhibits the growth of triple negative breast cancer and that the Deguelin effect is mediated through inhibition of WNT signaling pathway. However their therapeutic effect in vivo is still unexplored. We evaluated the effects of Deguelin on growth (in vitro and in vivo) and lung metastasis of 4T1 cells. In vitro, Deguelin inhibited growth of 4T1 cells in time and concentration depended manner; optimum growth inhibition was obtained at 250nM Deguelin concentration after 72 hr. treatment. Toxicity study performed in 4-6 weeks old female BALB/c mice suggested that Deguelin administered as a suspension (saline/gum Arabic/Deguelin) daily for two weeks by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection was well tolerated up to 16mg/kg body weight, and no toxicity (loss of appetite, body weight loss, mobility, morbidity, death) was observed in Deguelin treated animals. In vivo, as compared to vehicle treated animals, Deguelin (2 or 6mg/kg body weight) administered daily for 21 days i.p significantly (P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3829. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3829