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This study aimed to analyze the following PICO question: Are animals infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) more affected by neurodegeneration, similar to the pathogenesis generated by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), compared with non-infected animals? Databases PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for pre-clinical in vivo studies in which mice were infected with P. gingivalis or received Pg-LPS, in order to assess the brain tissue and cognitive impairment. No limit for date or publication language was imposed and this study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with nine articles included. Syrcle’s protocol was used to evaluate bias in the selected studies. Nine articles were included. Infection by P. gingivalis or the administration of Pg-LPS increased the production of the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and IL-1β (interleukin-1beta), augmented Aβ (amyloid beta) production, and activated the complement system, causing inflammation, brain tissue degeneration, and cognitive impairment, consistent with the damage in AD. Infection by P. gingivalis and Pg-LPS administration appears to be in relation with the pathogenesis of AD by activating the complement cascade, increasing Aβ production and augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, causing age-dependent brain inflammation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Taking into account the importance of holistic treatment in the dental office, this study focuses on identifying highly prevalent oral diseases, such as periodontal disease, as risk factors for the aggravation of degenerative diseases in the elderly population.

Abstract To analyze the hemostatic, Dsurgical wounds in donor and recipient areas of free gingival grafts (FGG). Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science) were searched up to March 2021 (PROSPERO CRD42019134497). The focus of the study (cyanoacrylate) was combined with the condition (periodontal surgery OR free gingival graft OR free soft tissue graft OR autografts), and outcome (healing OR epithelialization OR pain OR analgesia OR bleeding OR hemostasis OR hemostatic). Studies reporting cyanoacrylate isolated or associated with another substance in FGG stabilization and closure were investigated and assessed for the quality and risk of bias through the Cochrane Manual. Six studies with 323 participants were included. Evaluation of the quality and risk of bias highlighted a low risk for four articles, intermediate for one and unclear for another. The use of cyanoacrylate associated or not with the hemostatic sponge or the platelet-rich fibrin was more effective in healing (three studies), analgesia (four studies), and hemostasis in one study (p p Clinical relevance Cyanoacrylate seems to present analgesic effects and less pain when applied to wound closure and covering donor and recipient areas reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication; and has a healing effect in the closure of the donor area on the palate. In addition, it can reduce bleeding time after surgery, and prevents late bleeding during the first postsurgical week. Scientific justification: To evaluate the hemostatic, analgesic and healing actions of cyanoacrylate compared to the suture thread and other agents when used to close surgical wounds from periodontal free gingival graft surgical wounds in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft. Main findings: The use of cyanoacrylate individually or in association with wound dressing agents presents analgesic effects because the patient reports less pain experienced when cyanoacrylate is applied to the wound closure and covering, thereby reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication. In addition, a healing effect is observed in the closure of the donor area on the palate; as well as it seems to present hemostatic effects, reducing the bleeding time after surgery, and preventing late bleeding during the first postsurgical week. Practical implications: Dentists may cautiously apply cyanoacrylate after periodontal surgeries for free gingival graft in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft. However, they must consider the limitations of the surgery, tension-free positioning, the patient’s dyscrasia and postoperative care, constituting a set of predictors for adequate clinical decision-making. Widespread use of such material for all patients and surgical configurations may not be recommended.

To identify the implications of bariatric surgery on the oral health of patients with morbid obesity. Two reviewers independently performed a search of the electronic databases: MedLine, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Scopus, for clinical trials in humans and cohort studies. The search strategy used was Bariatric Surgery and Oral Health or Mouth Disease and Humans and Periodontitis. A total of 26 articles were obtained, and after title screening and full reading, 8 articles were included in this review. Increased food intake at shorter intervals and increased frequency of regurgitation in these patients were associated with the increased development of dental caries, dental erosion, and increased salivary flow rate. Intense oral control is recommended for the prevention and early treatment of these conditions and to avoid nonsystemic effects in these patients.

Objective: To chemically characterize Spondias mombin L. extracts and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these extracts on Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and methods: Both extracts were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis prior to determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Inhibitory Adhesion Concentration (MIAC) and Bactericidal Kinetics (BK). The Student’s t-test was used to compare MIC results at the 5% significance level. The chemical characterization, MIAC and BK data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were detected in the extracts. The hydroethanolic extracts in different concentrations showed statistically superior inhibitory bacterial growth activity (p

The gingival smile is considered unpleasant and can be treated in different ways according to its etiological factor. When caused by maxillary vertical growth excess, orthognathic surgery may be indicated to correct the vertical excess. The aim of this integrative review was to evaluate the impact of orthognathic surgery on the treatment of gingival smile. An electronic search was performed of the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The selection of studies was performed by two blinded reviewers. Firstly, studies were selected by reading the titles and the abstracts of articles. The references from each study selected were then searched to find articles that were not found in the electronic search. After reading the full-text articles, studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A total of 667 studies were identified, but only 19 were selected for the integrative review after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles reported maxillary impaction from 2 to 10 mm, but this amount of superior repositioning of maxilla does not appear to be related to the initial gingival exposure described. Orthognathic surgery is not the first choice of treatment for gingival smile, but it appears to be a suitable therapy for other conditions in the same patient for improving a gummy smile by correction of gingival exposure.

Introduction: Gingival recession is established through several factors and its treatment can be planned integrating surgical procedures with the aid of orthodontic treatment. Methods: In this context, a 36-year-old woman sought dental treatment to realign the right lower central incisor. A localized gingival recession was verified, being related to poor positioning of the root. The patient had undergone previous orthodontic treatment, as well as periodontal surgical treatment, after which there was no success. Results: After the planning of the case, the dental element was reallocated through orthodontic movement and then the periodontal surgical treatment was performed. With the results obtained, the improvement of gingival recession through orthodontic and periodontal surgical treatment is discussed. Conclusions: This clinical report shows that the gingival graft, performed after tooth movement, can increase the probability of good results in reducing root exposure. Introducción: La recesión gingival se establece por varios factores y su tratamiento puede planificarse integrando procedimientos quirúrgicos con la ayuda del tratamiento de ortodoncia. Métodos: En este contexto, una mujer de 36 años solicitó tratamiento odontológico para realinear el incisivo central inferior derecho. Hubo una recesión gingival localizada, relacionada con el mal posicionamiento de la raíz. La paciente había sido sometida previamente a un tratamiento de ortodoncia, así como a un tratamiento quirúrgico periodontal, sin éxito. Resultados: Luego de planificar el caso, se reubicó el elemento dental mediante movimiento de ortodoncia y luego se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico periodontal. Con los resultados obtenidos, se discute la mejora de la recesión gingival mediante el tratamiento quirúrgico de ortodoncia y periodontal. Conclusiones: Este informe clínico muestra que el injerto gingival, realizado después del movimiento del diente, puede aumentar la probabilidad de obtener buenos resultados en la reducción de la exposición radicular. Introdução: A recessão gengival é estabelecida por vários fatores e seu tratamento pode ser planejado integrando procedimentos cirúrgicos com o auxílio do tratamento ortodôntico. Métodos: Neste contexto, uma mulher de 36 anos procurou tratamento odontológico para realinhar o incisivo central inferior direito. Verificou-se recessão gengival localizada, relacionada ao mau posicionamento da raiz. A paciente havia sido submetida a tratamento ortodôntico prévio, bem como a tratamento cirúrgico periodontal, sem sucesso. Resultados: Após o planejamento do caso, o elemento dentário foi realocado por meio de movimentação ortodôntica e em seguida foi realizado o tratamento cirúrgico periodontal. Com os resultados obtidos, discute-se a melhora da recessão gengival por meio do tratamento ortodôntico e cirúrgico periodontal. Conclusões: Este relato clínico mostra que o enxerto gengival, realizado após a movimentação dentária, pode aumentar a probabilidade de bons resultados na redução da exposição radicular.

Although Spondias mombin L. extract has an excellent antimicrobial effect against oral microorganisms, it should be clarified how it affects enamel surface properties. Aim: To evaluate the color change, wettability/contact angle, surface roughness and morphology of bovine enamel submitted to the Spondias mombin L. extract. Methods: Thirty bovine teeth were distributed into the following groups: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 1:32 Spondias mombin L. extract and distilled water. Color change (CC) was evaluated after immerging specimens into the solutions for 14 days. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a roughness meter; wettability/contact angles (CA) were determined by the sessile drop method, and scanning electron microscopy images were obtained to characterize the morphology (SMA). The pH of the solutions was evaluated using a pHmeter. The Ra, CA, and CC data were parametric (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; p>0.05). Two-way ANOVA (for Ra and CA) and one-way ANOVA (for CC) with Tukey’s posthoc tests at a significance level of 5% were used. SMA was analyzed descriptively. Results: The Spondias mombin L. extract revealed an acidic pH, and when in contact with the bovine teeth, it increased the wettability, but it did not cause statistically significant differences in the Ra. Spondias mombin L. extract caused the highest color change. The SEM images showed differences in the specimens’ surface submitted to the extract compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Spondias mombin L. extract provided negative effects on bovine enamel’s surface, including a high color change and a more wettable substrate.

Objective: To compare the rate of cell proliferation and expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 between drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) and clinical healthy gingiva (CHG) and to establish associations with histopathological features. Material and Methods: Twenty specimens of DIGO and 20 CHG specimens were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis by light microscopy. Cell proliferation (Ki-67) and the expression of Bcl-2 were evaluated in epithelial cells and spindle-shaped mononuclear cells of the connective tissue by establishing the labeling index (LI). Results: In epithelial tissue, the mean LI for Ki-67 was 17.2% in DIGO and 21.71% in CHG ( p = 0.137). The mean LIs for Bcl-2 in epithelial tissue were 14.67% and 10.24% in DIGO and CHG, respectively ( p = 0.026). In connective tissue, DIGO and CHG specimens exhibited low LIs for Ki-67 and Bcl-2, with mean values of less than 0.5% in both groups. No significant differences in the LIs for Ki-67 or Bcl-2 in epithelial tissue were observed according to the degree of collagenization, degree of vascularization and intensity of inflammatory infiltration ( p > 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the LIs for Ki-67 and Bcl-2 ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present results suggest that the pathogenesis of DIGO does not involve increased proliferation or decreased apoptosis of fibroblasts. On the other hand, the morphological pattern of elongated epithelial cristae observed in DIGO could mainly be due to the inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis and not to increased proliferation of these cells.

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato hidroetanólico da folha de Spondias mombin (S. mombin L.) sobre bactérias do gênero Streptococcus: S. mutans, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguinis e S. salivarius, comparando-a à atividade antimicrobiana da solução de digluconato de clorexidina 0,12% sobre essas mesmas bactérias. Metodologia: Foram realizados os testes in vitro de Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima, Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência e Análise da Cinética Bactericida. Resultados: Para o Streptococcus mutans, o grupo controle foi estatisticamente superior (p

Spondias mombin has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of S. mombin extract in an oral mucositis experimental model.Male hamsters were orally pre-treated with hydroethanolic extract of S. mombin leaves (HESM) (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for ten days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2). IL-1β and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay, and Superoxide dismutase estimative (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were submitted to spectroscopy analysis.The group treated with HESM at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed the best healing effect, showing no evidence of ulceration in the macroscopic analysis (p 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage and edema score of 1 (1-1) (p 0.05), as well as a large amount of collagen fibers and a lower immunoexpression of Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2. Decrease in SOD (p 0.05), MDA (p0.001), IL-1β (p 0.05), and TNF-α levels (p 0.001), with an increase in GSH (p 0.01) levels.HESM (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters.

Resumo Introdução Na Odontologia, as resinas são utilizadas como materiais restauradores, para o restabelecimento da estética, da função e da forma dos dentes. Objetivo Avaliar in vitro a microdureza das resinas Filtek Z350 XT® e Filtek Z250 XT®, submetidas ao contato direto quando expostas a colutórios. Material e método Dez corpos de prova foram confeccionados em uma matriz de náilon, em dois incrementos, e foram fotoativados por 20 s. A homogeneidade da amostra foi verificada através dos testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, e uma variância paramétrica foi realizada (ANOVA) para a análise de significância, aplicando-se o teste de Tukey a fim de comparar os resultados (α=5%). Resultado O maior valor médio foi apresentado pelo grupo G1 (Filtek Z350 XT- água destilada- controle) – 138,22(±21,8) e os menores valores foram do grupo G9 (Filtek Z250 XT- Solução de Camomila) – 87,12(±4,39) e do grupo G10 (Filtek Z250 XT- Solução de Romã) – 99,32(±11,10). A resina Filtek Z350 XT foi superior à resina Filtek Z250 XT (p=0,015). Conclusão A resina Filtek Z350 XT apresentou melhores resultados quando estes foram comparados aos resultados da Filtek Z250 XT. Abstract Introduction In dentistry, resins are used as restorative materials for the reconstruction of aesthetics, function and shape of teeth. Aim To evaluate in vitro the microhardness of Filtek Z350 XT® and Filtek Z250 XT® resins subjected to direct contact when exposed to mouthwashes. Material and method Ten specimens were prepared in a nylon matrix in two increments and photoactivated for 20s. The homogeneity of the sample was verified through the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and a parametric variance was performed (ANOVA), and for Tukey significance analysis (α=5%). Result The highest mean value was presented by group G1 (Filtek Z350 XT- distilled water- control) – 138.22 (±21.8), and the least values were from group G9 (Filtek Z250 XT- Chamomile Solution) – 87.12 (±4.39) and the G10 group (Filtek Z250 XT – Pomegranate solution) – 99.32 (±11.10). Filtek Z350 XT resin was superior to Filtek Z250 XT (p=0.015). Conclusion Filtek Z350 XT resin presented better results than Filtek Z250 XT.

The use of periodontal surgery to treat the condition of gummy smile is an essentially aesthetic approach and plays an important role in raising the self-esteem of patients. Effective treatment requires identification of the best technique for the correction, and the long-term predictability of the procedure. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of scientific evidence relating to the periodontal surgery techniques used to treat gummy smile. Method and Materials: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria A total of five (05) articles from the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed. The majority of cases found featured women, and the average age was 26 years. In most cases, the predominant surgical technique was based on the use of gingivectomy with osteotomy, with a follow-up period of around 6 months. Conclusion: This review revealed a serious lack of controlled and randomized clinical studies into the use of periodontal surgery to treat gummy smiles and highlighted a need for longitudinal clinical studies, with greater evidence, about the best type of periodontal surgery for this purpose.

Medicinal plants represent important therapeutic resources to health restoration, including the use of herbal products in the mouth conditions treatment. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of mouth rinse with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts, against chlorhexidine 0.12% in the gingiva bleeding condition. The mouth rinses with the herbal products were effective for this case, showing thus, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties similar to that of chlorhexidine 0.12%.

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.

PURPOSE: Considering the benefits of breastfeeding on children's health, the aim of the present study was to determine factors associated with early weaning among children at a Child-Friendly Healthcare Initiative (CFHI) children's hospital in the city of Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out involving 800 mothers of children between 0 and 24 months of age at the Elpídio de Almeida Health Institute. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered and contained questions on socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits and nonnutritive sucking habits. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were employed for statistical analysis. A multivariate analysis was performed with variables that achieved a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of early weaning was 13.5%. In the bivariate analysis, the factors associated with early weaning were income (P=0.001), child's birth weight (P=0.016), bottle feeding (P=0.003) and pacifier use (P

Objeti vo: Identi fi car clinicamente e por meio de questi onario anamnesico, as condicoes de saude bucal em individuos, causadas pelo uso de drogas e suas relacoes com fatores sociodemografi cos. Metodo: O estudo foi do ti po descriti vo transversal, com abordagem pelo metodo induti vo, sendo a amostra composta de 70 pacientes que buscaram atendimento no CAPS-ad (Centro de atencao psicossocial – alcool e outras drogas). Os dados foram coletados de forma sistemati ca por uma unica examinadora previamente calibrada, atraves de exame clinico e aplicacao de formulario especifi co para identi fi cacao e classifi cacao de provaveis alteracoes. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a idade media dos pacientes pesquisados foi de 40,44 anos; o genero masculino (90%) foi predominante na amostra; mais da metade dos pacientes eram da raca branca (57,1); o nivel de escolaridade encontrado nos mesmos e baixo; as drogas mais consumidas pelos mesmos foram respecti vamente o alcool (68,6%), maconha(17,1%), cocaina(7,1%), crack (4,3%) e farmacos psicotropicos (2,8%); a maioria dos dependentes apresentou saude bucal defi ciente; eram dependentes quimicos ha mais de cinco anos; a defi ciencia na saude bucal pode estar associada ao descaso com a higiene corporal provocado pelo uso abusivo de drogas. Observou-se ainda que quanto maior o periodo de dependencia mais precaria a saude bucal do usuario (p= 0,002) e que a precariedade da saude bucal dos mesmos, esta relacionada aos seus habitos de higiene bucal (p=0,029). Conclusao: Observou-se a necessidade da insercao do profi ssional de odontologia nos projetos de recuperacao oferecidos a estes pacientes, para a realizacao de programas de promocao e de recuperacao da saude bucal melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. 1

Os lasers de baixa potência promovem efeitos biológicos benéficos, de caráter analgésico, antiinflamatório e cicatrizante, por meio de um fenômeno de bioestimulação. A radiação emitida pelo laser terapêutico afeta os processos metabólicos das células-alvo, produzindo efeitos bioestimulantes que resultam na ocorrência de eventos celulares e vasculares, os quais parecem interferir diretamente no processo de reparo. Este trabalho visa estudar o fenômeno da bioestimulação e destacar os principais efeitos bioestimulantes do laser de baixa potência na reparação tecidual. The wound healing process has always been an excellent subject for researchers. The use of low-power laser on wounds during the postoperative phase has increased the speed of the healing process. It has been implied that low power radiation affects cellular metabolic processes and promotes beneficial biological effects (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing). Laser biostimulation appears to influence the behavior of the repair process. This paper aims at reviewing the most interesting aspects of the use of low-power laser in the tissue-repair process.

During the last two decades, much has been written in both the scientific literature and the popular press about lasers and their use in dentistry. Both soft- and hard-tissue applications have been discussed, including frenectomy, gingival contouring, caries removal and bleaching. The aim of this study is evaluate and compare the effects of laser therapy on the surgical wound repair process and painful symptoms in patients undergoing bilateral teeth extractions at the Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba. Three sessions of laser therapy (GaAlAs) were performed for each patient. The first session was immediately after the surgical procedure, the second occurred 48-72 h after the first session, and the third and final at 7 days after surgery, coinciding with the removal of the sutures. Of the patients examined, 65.5% at the first assessment (after the second laser therapy session) and 75% at the second assessment (after the third session) exhibited a better degree of repair on the side treated with laser (STL) compared to the side not treated with laser (SNTL). There was no difference in edema between the STL and SNTL. Regarding pink tissue colour, there was an increase in its frequency, from 25%-62.5% of cases, on the STL between the first and second assessments. Bleeding also showed an increased frequency on the STL and decreased on the SNTL in the second assessment. Regarding painful symptoms, the results revealed that, on the STL, they decreased, from 62.5%-0% between the first and second assessments, and on the SNTL, from 87.5%-12.5%. Hence, low-power laser use appeared to be effective for the repair of intraoral surgical wounds, accelerating the degree of repair, improving tissue colour and reducing pain symptoms.

OBJECTIVE AND STUDY DESIGN: The morphological distinction between incipient dentigerous cyst (IDC) and enlarged pericoronal dental follicle (EDF) remains one of the most controversial questions in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemistry expression of alfa(2)beta(1), alfa(3)beta(1), and alfa(5)beta(1) in 23 cases of EDFs and 21 cases of IDCs. RESULTS: All integrins were immunopositive in the cases studied. A significant difference was detected regarding alfa(2)beta(1) integrin (P < .0001) in which a higher expression was present in IDCs. Moreover, statistical difference was also found between basal and suprabasal cell layer in cystic epithelium (P < .0034). The alfa(3)beta(1) integrin expression showed significant difference (P < .013) between EDF and IDC with a tendency of more pronounced staining in IDC. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate the possibility of histopathological distinction between EDF and IDC in which squamous metaplasia of reduced enamel epithelium to stratified epithelium would be the first event of cystic transformation.

The aim of the present study was to clinically, morphologically, and immunohistochemically correlate the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 19 in 30 cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with disease outcome, metastases, clinical stage (tumor, node, metastasis [TNM]), and histological grade of malignancy proposed by Bryne. Statistical analysis (χ2 test) showed that only histological grading was not significantly correlated with the clinical variables. CK expression varied in the samples analyzed. CK 10 expression was significantly correlated with the presence of metastases, and the expression of CK 16 was related to disease outcome and also to TNM stages III and IV. These results indicate that metastases and TNM are effective prognostic indicators. The histological grading proposed by Bryne did not reflect the biological behavior of the tongue SCC cases studied. Analysis of some intermediate CK filaments can reflect the biological behavior and aggressiveness of some tongue SCCs.

Resumen Antecedentes y metodos El papel de la respuesta inmune en la citopatogenia de la enfermedad periodontal constituye tema de estudio de diversos investigadores. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar a traves de inmunohistoquimica la densidad y el patron de distribucion de la celulas inflamatorias mononucleadas (linfocitos T helper e linfocitos B), utilizando los anticuerpos anti CD4 y anti CD20 en 17 casos de gingivitis cronica y 25 casos de periodontitis cronica. Resultados Fue observada inmunopositividad para las celulas CD4 en un patron difuso por todo tejido conectivo de todos los casos de gingivitis cronica. De los 25 casos de periodontitis cronica, 22 (88%) presentaron un patron de distribucion en pequenos focos aislados. Con relacion a las celulas CD20, 16 casos de gingivitis cronica exhibieron positividad en un patron focal de distribucion tanto en posicion yuxtaepitelial como en areas distantes del epitelio (10 casos, 62,5%). En los casos de periodontitis cronica fue observada marcacion positiva para el anticuerpo anti CD20 en 22 casos (88%), predominando el patron focal en posicion yuxtaepitelial y distante del epitelio (17 casos, 77,3%). El analisis estadistico no mostro diferencia significativa en la densidad de celulas CD4 y CD20 positivas entre los casos de gingivitis y periodontitis cronica. Conclusion Fue concluido que a pesar de no ser constatada tal diferencia estadistica, hubo una mayor densidad de linfocitos B en ambos grupos, sugiriendo una mayor participacion de la respuesta inmune humoral el los diferentes estadios de la enfermedad periodontal.

A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar clinicamente o efeito de bochechos à base de extratos das plantas medicinais, aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) e camomila (Matricaria recutita L.), sobre o controle da placa bacteriana e o tratamento da gengivite. Para tanto, foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego, intervencionista, envolvendo 59 indivíduos adultos atendidos na Clínica do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB). A amostra foi constituída por pacientes portadores de gengivite crônica. A referida amostra foi selecionada aleatoriamente e dividida em três grupos: bochecho com Clorexidina (grupo controle positivo); bochecho com Camomila (grupo teste 1); bochecho com Aroeira (grupo teste 2). Durante a primeira visita do paciente, e, previamente à realização dos bochechos, todos foram orientados quanto à higiene bucal e submetidos ao procedimento de raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR) da boca toda em uma única sessão. Os bochechos foram realizados a partir do primeiro atendimento clínico até o 15º dia após o início do tratamento, na frequência de duas vezes ao dia. Para avaliação da condição periodontal da amostra realizada no 1º, 7º e 15º dias foram aplicados os Índices de Sangramento Gengival (ISG) e de Placa (IP). Os pacientes foram reavaliados 7 e 15 dias após o início do uso do respectivo bochecho. Os resultados apontaram que o IP e o ISG apresentaram redução significativa nos três grupos. Quanto ao IP, o bochecho de camomila obteve a maior redução de acúmulo de placa e o bochecho de aroeira, a menor redução. Para os índices de sangramento, os resultados foram equivalentes, de forma que não foram consideradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os bochechos. Foram considerados satisfatórios os bochechos a base de Camomila (Matricaria recutita L.) e Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) na redução do quadro de inflamação gengival da amostra, sendo o bochecho de Camomila (Matricaria recutita L.) o que apresentou melhor desempenho na redução do índice de placa bacteriana. This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effect of mouthwash with extracts from the medicinal plants aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) on plaque control and gingivitis treatment. Thus, a randomized, double-blind interventional clinical trial was conducted, involving 59 adults treated at the Clinics of the Dentistry Program of Univ Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB). The sample consisted of patients with chronic gingivitis. This sample was randomly selected and divided into three groups: mouthwash with chlorhexidine (positive control group), mouthwash with chamomile (test group 1); mouthwash with aroeira (test group 2). During the first visit, and prior to rinses, all patients were instructed in oral hygiene and subjected to scaling and root planing procedure (SRP) of the whole mouth in one single session. Rinses occurred from the first clinical appointment to the 15th day after the beginning of treatment, twice a day. To evaluate the periodontal condition of the sample on the 1st, 7th and 15th days, Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) and Plaque Index (PI) were used. The patients were reassessed at 7 and 15 days after the beginning of the respective rinses. Results indicated that PI and GBI significantly decreased in all three groups. As to PI, chamomile mouthwash led to the greatest reduction in plaque buildup, while aroeira mouthwash resulted in the smallest reduction. For bleeding rates, results were equivalent so that statistical differences among rinses were not considered significant. Mouthwashes with chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) were considered satisfactory in reducing gingival inflammation in the sample; in addition, mouthwash with chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) showed the best performance in reducing the plaque index.

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis. Foi avaliado o perfil imunohistoquímico das células CD25+ em casos de gengivite (CG) e periodontite crônica (CP). A imunohistoquímica foi realizada utilizando o complexo de streptoavidina-biotina e o anticorpo anti-CD25 em 17 casos de CG e 25 casos de CP. 16 casos (94.1%) de CG foram imunopositivos. O CD25 foi expresso focalmente em 50% da amostra e difusamente em 25% dos casos. As células imunomarcadas estavam localizadas não apenas no epitélio, mas também por todo o tecido conjuntivo. Em relação à quantificação da densidade celular de células CD25+, o escore ++ foi o mais comum. Em relação a CP, todos os casos foram imunopositivos. As células CD25+ foram expressas em padrão ora focal ora difuso, tanto no epitélio como no conjuntivo. A distribuição difusa das células positivas apenas no tecido conjuntivo foi observada em 60% dos casos, e 32% dos casos exibiram padrão celular ora focal ora difuso. 16 casos (64%) foram considerados como escore +++. Identificamos que as células CD25+ estão presentes em padrão ora focal ora difuso no tecido conjuntivo. Diferenças significantes na densidade da imunomarcação celular entre CG and CP foram encontradas. A maior densidade celular foi observada na periodontite, sugerindo que o infiltrado de linfócitos mostrou um maior grau de ativação celular na periodontite comparada à gengivite

A tendência da odontologia é a incorporação de métodos menos invasivos com a finalidade de minimizar a dor e o desconforto durante e após as intervenções odontológicas. Por isso, acredita-se que a laserterapia seja uma excelente opção de tratamento, já que apresenta efeitos benéficos para os tecidos irradiados, como ativação da microcirculação, produção de novos capilares, efeitos anti-inflamatórios e analgésicos, além de estímulo ao crescimento e à regeneração celular. O entendimento da interação entre os lasers e os tecidos baseia-se principalmente no entendimento das reações que podem ser induzidas nesses tecidos pela luz laser. Este trabalho se propõe a mostrar a relevância do conhecimento das propriedades físicas do laser, bem como sua interação com os tecidos biológicos, considerando que os efeitos e os mecanismos de ação da luz laser são complexos e alvos de inúmeras pesquisas com vistas a um melhor delineamento de suas formas de aplicação e indicações. The trend in dentistry is to incorporate less invasive methods to minimize pain and discomfort during and after dental intervention. Therefore, it is believed that laser therapy is an excellent treatment option, since it has beneficial effects for the irradiated tissues, such as activation of microcirculation, production of new capillaries, inflammatory and analgesic effects, in addition to stimulation of growth and cell regeneration. The comprehension of the interaction between lasers and tissue is based mainly on understanding the reactions that can be induced in those tissues by laser. This work intends to show how important it is to know the physical properties of laser as well as its interactions with biological tissues, since its effects and mechanisms of action are complex and are the object of various studies to better understand its forms of application and indications.

The trend in dentistry is to incorporate less invasive methods to minimize pain and discomfort during and after dental intervention. Therefore, it is believed that laser therapy is an excellent treatment option, since it has beneficial effects for the irradiated tissues, such as activation of microcirculation, production of new capillaries, inflammatory and analgesic effects, in addition to stimulation of growth and cell regeneration. The comprehension of the interaction between lasers and tissue is based mainly on understanding the reactions that can be induced in those tissues by laser. This work intends to show how important it is to know the physical properties of laser as well as its interactions with biological tissues, since its effects and mechanisms of action are complex and are the object of various studies to better understand its forms of application and indications.

The wound healing process has always been an excellent subject for researchers. The use of low-power laser on wounds during the postoperative phase has increased the speed of the healing process. It has been implied that low power radiation affects cellular metabolic processes and promotes beneficial biological effects (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and healing). Laser biostimulation appears to influence the behavior of the repair process. This paper aims at reviewing the most interesting aspects of the use of low-power laser in the tissue-repair process.

O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a influência do processo inflamatório na expressão dos filamentos intermediários de citoqueratinas utilizando espécimes de gengivite crônica, além de traçar um perfil destes polipeptídeos na gengiva inflamada. Para tanto, foi feita uma avaliação histomorfológica, no que diz respeito ao tipo e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório presente na gengivite crônica e a análise imuno-histoquímica da expressão das citoqueratinas 10, 13, 14 e 16, quanto à localização topográfica no epitélio em 10 casos de gengivite crônica. Constatou-se que o tipo de infiltrado inflamatório presente na gengivite crônica foi intenso e predominantemente mononuclear. Quanto aos achados imuno-histoquímicos, observou-se uma redução e até mesmo a ausência de expressão da CK 10 em cerca de 70% da amostra, a expressão da CK 13 estendendo-se por toda a camada suprabasal na grande maioria dos casos (90%), bem como expressão da CK 14 em toda a extensão do epitélio (90%) e ainda expressão variável da CK 16. A partir destes achados, concluiu-se que a expressão das citoqueratinas é alterada durante a inflamação, e que o processo inflamatório interfere na maturação epitelial, cujas evidências foram encontradas nas mudanças no perfil destas proteínas na gengiva inflamada.

In order to contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, an immunohistochemical analysis of the density of inflammatory mononucleated cells and the number of dendritic cells was performed using anti-CD4, anti-CD20, anti-CD25, anti-CD68 and anti-protein S-100 antibodies in 17 cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and 25 of chronic periodontitis (CP). The CD4+ and CD68+ cells exhibited a diffuse distribution in the connective tissue. CD20+ cell distribution was predominantly in groups and the CD25+ cells exhibited a diffuse or focal distribution. The S-100+ cells were identified in the epithelium and the lamina propria, exhibiting distinct morphology and number. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between CG and CP regarding the density of the CD4+ and CD20+ cells and the number of S-100+ cells. However, significant differences (p