Search

Implantation of an endometriotic lesion within a pelvic or abdominal wall scar is an uncommon but well-described condition that may be the underlying cause of acute or chronic recurrent abdominal or pelvic pain, especially after cesarean section. Radiologists may not consider scar endometriosis when it is encountered at cross-sectional imaging. Cesarean section scars are the most common site of extraovarian or extrauterine endometriosis. The condition also has been identified in other uterine surgery-related scars and in the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and abdominal and pelvic wall musculature adjacent to these scars. The most plausible cause of scar endometriosis is implantation of endometrial stem cells at the surgical site at the time of uterine surgery. Patients with scar endometriosis may be asymptomatic or present with cyclical pain corresponding to the menstrual cycle. Cross-sectional imaging findings vary from the nonspecific to those suggestive of the diagnosis when combined with clinical history. In particular, the presence of blood products in an anterior abdominal wall mass at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with no other explanation is strongly suggestive of scar endometriosis. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and MR imaging may be used to depict an endometriotic lesion, exclude endometriosis, or provide evidence for an alternative diagnosis.

Segmental testicular infarction is a relatively rare acute or subacute condition which is infrequently thought of in the differential diagnosis for testicular pain. However, missing or misdiagnosing this entity on clinical evaluation and/or imaging has significant implications for patients as they may undergo unnecessary surgery for suspected testicular torsion or tumor. Knowledge and recognition of the features of segmental testicular infarction on ultrasound and MRI will aid in the diagnosis of this disease early in the patient's course. The common imaging features of segmental testicular infarction and the clinical literature are reviewed, with an emphasis on ultrasound, utilizing seven recent cases from three institutions.

Oncocytoma is an uncommon benign, typically solitary renal tumor first reported in 1942. Renal oncocytomas are rarely multiple and/or bilateral. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and differentiation from renal carcinoma is difficult. We report the radiology and pathology of a patient with bilateral renal oncocytomas and review the literature of this rare presentation.

Calcification is very rarely reported in untreated thoracic lymphoma. However, calcification can occur (although uncommonly) in lymphoma following chemotherapy or radiation, and in areas of scaring or fibrous healing. The authors describe the case of a pregnant woman with a large mediastinal mass that contained calcifications visible on both chest radiography and thoracic computed tomography, which proved to be Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The postprocedural period is a critical time in which serious complications can manifest. Localization of suspected complications following abdominal and pelvic procedures can be difficult on clinical evaluation alone. For example, abdominal pain after a colonoscopy may vary in etiology and can result from simple colonic spasm to colonic perforation, hemoperitoneum, or even splenic rupture. Vague abdominal pain following a renal biopsy may be due to minimal postprocedural bleeding into and around the kidney or may be due to potentially life-threatening hemorrhage. In such patients, computed tomography can play a crucial role in the rapid identification of complications as well guidance of subsequent patient management. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the benefit of computed tomography-assisted diagnosis of complications associated with routine procedures performed on or throughout the abdomen and pelvis, including cardiac catheterization, colonoscopy, endoscopy, percutaneous biopsy, and interventional radiology procedures.

Oncocytoma is an uncommon benign, typically solitary renal tumor first reported in 1942. Renal oncocytomas are rarely multiple and/or bilateral. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and differentiation from renal carcinoma is difficult. We report the radiology and pathology of a patient with bilateral renal oncocytomas and review the literature of this rare presentation.

The CT findings of a congenital portacaval shunt are presented, and the literature on this unusual anomaly is reviewed.

We report a case of a 70-year-old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma and a 3-month history of right hemiscrotal swelling. The patient underwent a CT scan, scrotal ultrasound, and F-18 FDG-PET scan to evaluate for metastatic prostate cancer. The CT scan demonstrated an ill-defined soft-tissue mass extending along the right gonadal vein. Scrotal ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous right testicular mass. The F-18 FDG-PET scan demonstrated intense hypermetabolic activity along the course of the right gonadal vein extending to the right hemiscrotum. Subsequent right radical orchiectomy and pathologic examination revealed a B-cell lymphoma, infiltrating the testicular parenchyma, spermatic cord, gonadal vessels, and adjacent soft-tissues. Lymphoma or other tumors rarely infiltrate the spermatic cord, and have only very rarely been demonstrated on PET imaging.