Search

Energy security could enter NATO's security agenda as one of the main issues just during the last decade. NATO leaders recognize that the disruption of the flow of vital resources could affect Alliance security interests. There is no agreement on the definition of energy security in NATO as it differs based on each country's needs; however, there is a paragraph in the NATO concept from 2010 that states the importance of energy security, and in 2012 there was further agreement that NATO wants to be involved in energy security and energy efficiency of military forces. This article is focused on the issue and analyses the importance and the meaning of energy security for NATO in the light of NATO summit declarations and the various NATO's strategic concepts. Keywords: Energy Security, NATO, Russia, Critical Energy Infrastructure. Enerji guvenligi, ana amaci Ittifak uyelerini askeri tehditlere karsi savunmak olan NATO'nun oncelikli konu basliklari arasina ancak son on yilda girebilmistir. Bu calismada, NATO'nun Soguk Savas sonrasi donemde duzenlenen zirvelerinde yayinlanan zirve bildirgeleri ve stratejik konseptler ile cesitli NATO zeminlerinde yapilan tartismalar isiginda, enerji guvenliginin NATO icin tasidigi anlam ve onem uzerinde durulmaktadir. NATO'nun enerji guvenligi kavramina yaklasimi degerlendirilerek, onumuzdeki surecte enerji guvenligi konusunun NATO cercevesinde ne yonde sekillenebilecegi ortaya konmaya calisilmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji Guvenligi, NATO, Rusya, Kritik Enerji Altyapisi., Giris Enerji guvenligi, ana amaci Ittifak uyelerini askeri tehditlere karsi savunmak olan NATO'nun oncelikli konu basliklari arasina ancak son on yilda girebilmistir. Bunun baslica nedeni, ozellikle Almanya ve Fransa gibi [...]

Russia has gained both economic and political power in recent years due to its energy industry. However, the country's path towards establishing its current status in the world energy industry was full of clashes and pitfalls, both domestic and international. Information about the shaky political relations between Russia and the OPEC countries is also provided.

It is often said that the world is at a nuclear tipping point. By this, analysts mean that the policy choices we make over the next few years may determine [...]

The analysis of the relation between the ownership of oil firms and the supply of fuel oils in Russia is presented.

The energy reform process implemented in Russia's electric utilities sector is discussed.

"Russia's gas price policy, however badly and arrogantly executed, was perhaps not unreasonable. In fact, it may serve the long-term interests of the international community, and even Ukraine."

Russia's dual system for pricing natural gas and related subsidies, and future change in prices are discussed.

An overview on foreign policies of Russia, and its impact on foreign investments in oil industry, is presented.

A noted American analyst of Russian, Central Asian, and Tran Caucasian oil and gas industries and markets offers his own perspective on issues raised in the preceding paper on Russia's energy policy (Milov et al., 2006). While generally concurring that Russia indeed pursues an ad hoc (rather than systemic) energy policy, he expresses divergent views on the role of government-regulated versus market-based pricing in final and primary energy use, reasons for the intense flows of oil and gas to Europe, the role of pipelines in determining oil export allocations, and the contribution of regional monopolies and refining capacity to domestic oil product prices. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L71, O13, Q40, Q48.20 references. Key words: Russia, energy policy, natural gas, crude oil, oil markets, oil exports, pipelines, oil refining, refined products.

A prominent specialist on the Russian economy provides a framing comment on two preceding papers entitled 'Russia's Energy Policy' (by Vladimir Milov, Leonard Coburn, and Igor Danchenko) and 'Russia's Energy Policy: A Divergent View' (by Matthew J. Sagers). The author argues that Russia's current energy policy should be viewed as an outcome of competition between three overlapping programs. In this context, he identifies three policy models--the old Soviet, the liberal or oligarchic, and the most recent state capitalist. The latter is currently supported by President Putin, who prioritizes diversification of the country's economy at the expense of diminished investments in the oil and gas sector. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L71, O13, Q40, Q48.2 tables, 2 figures, 22 references. Key words: Russia, energy policy, state capitalism, liberal-oligarchic model, crude oil, natural gas, pipelines, coal.

A team comprising a former Russian policymaker and American analysts of the current Russian energy policy examines the course of that policy and its limitations during the post-Soviet period. In the process, they critically analyze key problems in Russia's oil, gas, coal, and electricity sectors that represent a potential drag on growth of the entire Russian economy and at the very least call into question the sustainability of further increases in exports to the West. The authors explore in considerable depth and detail both the factors underlying the recent increase in government intervention in the energy sector and the likely consequences for domestic production, consumption, resource security, and critical exports. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L71, O13, Q40, Q48.11 figures, 3 tables, 29 references. Key words: Russia, energy policy, crude oil, natural gas, coal, power generation, oil exports, pipelines, Russian demand, refined products.

Oil played a big role in Russia's Asian diplomacy as the Khodorkovsky affair led to a rearrangement of Russian oil assets and pipeline plans, with consequences for China and Japan. China and Russia held their first military exercises, reflecting their concern over the impact of the 'colored revolutions'.

"The goal of winning the pipeline battle was less to gain the moderate volumes of oil and gas in the Caspian than to maintain (in the case of Russia) or attain (in the case of the United States and Iran) significant presence in the region."

An urgent need to improve the efficiency of energy in Russia is required, lack of which shall lead to retardation in the recovery of the countryEs economy. However the energy sector is lacking in investments, both domestic and international. Difficulties faced during the implementation of Activities Implemented Jointly pilot projects will form a learning base for the future JI projects and the same have been discussed.

The outlook and potential of the flexibility mechanism, which is the ejoint implementationE between European countries and Russia, is analyzed. Efforts to help both the sides to achieve their goal by passing all the milestones are explained.

Bush administration reduced its dependence on Middle East for oil as it planned the war on Iraq. Russia and the Persian Gulf have increased their oil production capacity to meet the incremental world demand of oil.

The author suggests policies that Russia should follow in the process of liberalizing energy policy.

RUSSIA FACES DECADES OF effort and vast expenditures if it is to get a handle on radioactive waste control and cleanup--and the Ministry of Atomic Energy's (Minatom) plans to import [...]

Research reactors have been undeniably important in the development of both military and civilian nuclear technologies. Russia's first reactor, the F-1--still in operation at the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow--served as [...]

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries asked Russia to cut oil production to keep prices up. Russia is resisting; its influence on producers is waning.

The board of directors of the Russian Unified Power System Joint-Stock Company met at the Kremlin and gave their agreement to a restructuring of the company which would mean that transmission was separated from sales.

An overview of the structure of Russia's power sector is presented and the challenges of market transformation are discussed.

Gasoline prices in Russia have risen by 50% between May 1 1999 and Jul 20 1999. This price rise is a strange phenomenon, given that Russia is a major producer of petroleum products and petroleum. Petroleum companies and refineries are able to impose monopolies in geographic regions, and neighboring regions are not supplied if there is a shortage. A rise in petroleum prices world wide means that exporting petroleum brings greater profits than selling petroleum to neighboring regions.

A discussion of the effect of subsidies on the amount of harmful gases emitted in Russia with predictions to 2010 is presented. Topics include energy prices for industrial consumers and households in 1990, energy subsidies available in 1990-1996, consumption of natural gas and a decline in the use of furnace oil, and consequences of eliminating subsidies.

A discussion about problems of ecology, technology, and waste-free production in Russia is presented. Topics include treatment of chemical water and storm runoff, reduction of steam carry-off in cooling towers, the generation gap, government environment policy, and motor vehicle pollution.

The announcement by the Energy Department of the 'two track' approach to the disposition of excess separated military plutonium has been attacked by a number of environmental and arms control [...]

Proponents of the Clinton administration's 'two-track' policy on weapons-plutonium disposal insist it is essential to pursue both tracks in the United States and in Russia. They claim that those who [...]

The Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986, was the world's worst disaster at a civilian nuclear power plant. It is also one of the most widely known and controversial industrial [...]

Russia's manufacturing industry offers enormous potentials for energy saving. However, there are several obstacles that hinder the implementation of effective energy conservation schemes in the country's manufacturing sector. These include the lack of awareness among manufacturing professionals, the absence of modern control technology, the presence of a highly centralized economic structure and the lack of technical knowhow for energy management.