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4. Chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia in children in Fiji

Author

Magree, H.C., Russell, F.M., Sa'aga, R., Greenwood, P., Tikoduadua, L., Pryor, J., Waqatakirewa, L., Carapetis, J.R., and Mulholland, E.K.

Subjects
Fiji
Abstract

Objective To calculate the incidence and document the clinical features of chest X-ray- (CXR-) confirmed pneumonia in children aged between 1 month and 5 years living in Greater Suva, Fiji. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of children aged between 1 month and 5 years with a discharge diagnosis suggesting a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) admitted to the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Suva, Fiji, in the first 10 days of each month from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002. Clinical data were collected and CXRs were reread and classified according to WHO standardized criteria for CXR-confirmed pneumonia. Findings Two hundred and forty-eight children with LRTI met the inclusion criteria. CXRs were obtained for 174 (70%) of these cases, of which 59 (34%) had CXR-confirmed pneumonia. The annual incidence of CXR-confirmed pneumonia was 428 cases per 100 000 children aged between 1 month and 5 years living in Greater Suva. If a similar proportion of the children for whom CXRs were unavailable were assumed to have CXR-confirmed pneumonia, the incidence was 607 per 100 000. The incidence appeared to be higher in Melanesian Fijian than Indo-Fijian children. The case-fatality rate was 2.8% in all children with LRTI, and 6.8% in those with CXR-confirmed pneumonia. Conclusion This is the first study to document the incidence of CXR-confirmed pneumonia in a Pacific Island country, and demonstrates a high incidence. A significant proportion of hospital admissions of children with LRTI are likely to be preventable by the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Keywords Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis/epidemiology; Lung/radiography; Respiratory tract infections/classification/ epidemiology; Child; Retrospective studies; Fiji (source MeSH, NLM). Mots cles Pneumopathie a pneumocoque/diagnostic/epidemiologie; Poumon/radiographie; Moles aeriennes superieures, Infection/ classification/epidemiologie; Enfant; Etude retrospective; Fidji (source: MeSH, INSERM). Palabras clave Neumonia neumococica/diagnostico/epidemiologia; Pulmon/radiografia; Infecciones del tracto respiratorio/ clasificacion/epidemiologia; Estudios retrospectivos; Nino; Fiji (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005;83:427-433. Voir page 432 le resume en francais. En la pagina 432 figura un resumen en espanol., Introduction Each year, more than 10 million children worldwide die before their fifth birthday, and more than 97% of these deaths occur in developing countries (1, 2). Almost two million [...]

Published
2005

5. High incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in children in Pacific island countries

Author

Russell, F.M., Carapetis, J.R., Mansoor, O., Darcy, A., Fakakovi, T., Metai, A., Potoi, N.T., Wilson, N., and Mulholland, E.K.

Subjects
Pacific Islands -- Health aspects, Bacterial infections -- Demographic aspects, Hemophilus influenzae -- Demographic aspects, Immunization -- Patient outcomes, Oceanians -- Health aspects, Children -- Diseases, Children -- Statistics, Health, Health care industry
Published
2003

6. A pilot study of the quality of informed consent materials for Aboriginal participants in clinical trials

Author

Russell, F.M., Carapetis, J.R., Liddle, H., Edwards, T., Ruff, T.A., and Devitt, J.

Subjects
Informed consent (Medical law) -- Ethical aspects, Australian aborigines -- Civil rights, Australian aborigines -- Health aspects, Clinical trials -- Ethical aspects, Health, Philosophy and religion
Abstract

Objective: To pilot informed consent materials developed for Aboriginal parents in a vaccine trial, and evaluate their design and the informed consent process. Methods: Cross sectional quantitative and qualitative survey of 20 Aboriginal and 20 non-Aboriginal women in Alice Springs. Information about the proposed research was presented to Aboriginal participants by an Aboriginal researcher, using purpose designed verbal, visual, and written materials. Non-Aboriginal participants received standard materials developed by the sponsor. Questionnaires were used to evaluate recall and understanding immediately and five days later. Qualitative analysis of Aboriginal participants' interviews was performed. Results: There were no differences between the groups in understanding of diseases prevented by the vaccine, the potential risks of participating, or the voluntary nature of participation. Most Aboriginal participants had difficulty with the concept of a 'licensed' versus 'unlicensed' vaccine. The non-Aboriginal group had a good understanding of this. Aboriginal participants identified the use of the flipchart, along with a presentation by a doctor and Aboriginal health worker, as preferred delivery modes. Group presentations were preferred rather than one-on-one discussions. The use of the questionnaire posed considerable methodological difficulties. Conclusions: A one-off oral presentation to Aboriginal participants is unlikely to produce 'informed consent'. Key but unfamiliar concepts require identification and particularly considered presentation.

Published
2005

7. Underground mining

Author

Russell, F.M.

Subjects
Mining machinery -- Innovations, Mineral industry -- Management -- Innovations, Mining industry -- Management -- Innovations, Business, Business, international, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, Company business management, Management, Innovations
Abstract

discusses some of the developments in a year marked by consolidation and mergers In what must be the most miserable year for mining for a long time in terms of [...]

Published
1999

11. Opsonophagocytic activity following a reduced dose 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine infant primary series and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 12 months of age

Author

Russell, F.M., primary, Carapetis, J.R., additional, Burton, R.L., additional, Lin, J., additional, Licciardi, P.V., additional, Balloch, A., additional, Tikoduadua, L., additional, Waqatakirewa, L., additional, Cheung, Y.B., additional, Tang, M.L.K., additional, Nahm, M.H., additional, and Mulholland, E.K., additional

Published
2011
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13. Hyporesponsiveness to re-challenge dose following pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 12 months of age, a randomized controlled trial

Author

Russell, F.M., primary, Carapetis, J.R., additional, Balloch, A., additional, Licciardi, P.V., additional, Jenney, A.W.J., additional, Tikoduadua, L., additional, Waqatakirewa, L., additional, Pryor, J., additional, Nelson, J., additional, Byrnes, G.B., additional, Cheung, Y.B., additional, Tang, M.L.K., additional, and Mulholland, E.K., additional

Published
2010
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14. Safety and immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 12 months of age, following one, two, or three doses of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infancy

Author

Russell, F.M., primary, Licciardi, P.V., additional, Balloch, A., additional, Biaukula, V., additional, Tikoduadua, L., additional, Carapetis, J.R., additional, Nelson, J., additional, Jenney, A.W.J., additional, Waqatakirewa, L., additional, Colquhoun, S., additional, Cheung, Y.B., additional, Tang, M.L.K., additional, and Mulholland, E.K., additional

Published
2010
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15. Immunogenicity following one, two, or three doses of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Author

Russell, F.M., primary, Balloch, A., additional, Tang, M.L.K., additional, Carapetis, J.R., additional, Licciardi, P., additional, Nelson, J., additional, Jenney, A.W.J., additional, Tikoduadua, L., additional, Waqatakirewa, L., additional, Pryor, J., additional, Byrnes, G.B., additional, Cheung, Y.B., additional, and Mulholland, E.K., additional

Published
2009
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16. Modelling and design of block caving at Bingham Canyon.

Author

Carter C.J., MassMin 2000 Brisbane, Queensland 29-Oct-0002-Nov-00, Russell F.M., Carter C.J., MassMin 2000 Brisbane, Queensland 29-Oct-0002-Nov-00, and Russell F.M.

Abstract

The porphyry copper deposit at Bingham Canyon extends beyond the ultimate limits of the present open pit. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation initiated a study in 1997, to determine the viability of underground mining compared with a further expansion of the open pit. The geology is described together with the geotechnical techniques that were used to characterise the rock in the absence of more detailed data. A general description of the mine plan is presented; a full feasibility study is expected in 2004/2005. The design provides for conventional mechanised block caving using LHDs for loading ore from two caving areas producing 54 400 and 18 100 tonnes/day. Production is supplemented by high-grade skarn ores extracted using a combination of methods from drift and fill to sublevel caving; production rates for these vary from 3 600 to 11 800 tonnes/day. Porphyry and skarn operations will share shaft access, ventilation, pumping and ore haulage., The porphyry copper deposit at Bingham Canyon extends beyond the ultimate limits of the present open pit. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation initiated a study in 1997, to determine the viability of underground mining compared with a further expansion of the open pit. The geology is described together with the geotechnical techniques that were used to characterise the rock in the absence of more detailed data. A general description of the mine plan is presented; a full feasibility study is expected in 2004/2005. The design provides for conventional mechanised block caving using LHDs for loading ore from two caving areas producing 54 400 and 18 100 tonnes/day. Production is supplemented by high-grade skarn ores extracted using a combination of methods from drift and fill to sublevel caving; production rates for these vary from 3 600 to 11 800 tonnes/day. Porphyry and skarn operations will share shaft access, ventilation, pumping and ore haulage.

Published
2000

32. Application of a PC-based network analysis program to mine scheduling.

Author

Russell F.M., APCOM'87 proceedings of the twentieth international symposium, held in Johannesburg, South Africa 19-Oct-8723-Oct-87, Russell F.M., and APCOM'87 proceedings of the twentieth international symposium, held in Johannesburg, South Africa 19-Oct-8723-Oct-87

34. Kaonic Hydrogen atom X-rays

Author

Bird, P.M., primary, Clough, A.S., additional, Parker, K.R., additional, Pyle, G.J., additional, Squier, G.T.A., additional, Baird, S., additional, Batty, C.J., additional, Kilvington, A.I., additional, Russell, F.M., additional, and Sharman, P., additional

Published
1983
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35. Measurements on exotic atoms of helium

Author

Baird, S., primary, Batty, C.J., additional, Russell, F.M., additional, Sharman, P., additional, Bird, P.M., additional, Clough, A.S., additional, Parker, K.R., additional, Pyle, G.J., additional, and Squier, G.T.A., additional

Published
1983
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39. Concepts of an Mc2 cyclotron

Author

Livingston, R.S., primary, Hudson, E.D., additional, Jones, R.J., additional, Lord, R.S., additional, Mann, J.E., additional, Martin, J.A., additional, Russell, F.M., additional, Ziegler, N.F., additional, and Zucker, A., additional

Published
1962
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