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In order to improve navigation on the Lower Danube area, some European projects are underway. The focus of FAIRway Danube project (2015-2020) is to provide current and harmonized information about shallow sections, water levels and water level forecasts. Available depths will be used optimally by adapting the location of the waterway to the current riverbed conditions. In parallel, FAIRway Danube is aiming at preparing the harmonized rehabilitation of the Danube and its navigable tributaries. The bilateral conventions and agreements signed by Romania and Bulgaria, as well as between AFDJ Galati (Romania) and IAPPD Ruse (Bulgaria), establish the responsibilities for maintaining the appropriate airworthiness conditions from km 845 to km 375. The authorities of both states have agreed to significantly improve airworthiness in the Danube section, their intention being to minimize as much as possible periods of time when commercial navigation is not possible: both during the winter, when ice climbs occur, and in summer when the Danube level is very low. As a support of the FAIRway Danube project, geodetic activities in that area included in last years geodetic observations (GNSS, leveling, bathymetry, Lidar). Previous geodetic studies established connections between CRS (Coordinate Reference Systems). If 2D connections are more easily to be established, the height connection between the old and new CRS on the left and right bank of the Lower Danube are more difficult to be established. The present study shows a way to be able to transform the heights from this area between different reference systems (Black Sea, Baltic Sea, EVRF). As a final product, a quasigeoid model and a sofware were realized and implemented at AFDJ Galati and IAPPD Ruse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring of the construction behavior is one of the important activities carried out to determine the state of construction, subject to various natural and anthropogenic actions at a given time. In Romania, the activity of rockfill dams monitoring is regulated according to the importance category (A, B, C). The Râuşor Dam is located downstream of the confluence of the River Râuşor with the river Târgului, which springs from the Iezer-Păpuşa Mountains. The dam is located at 7.5 km from the village of Lereşti, 14 km by Câmpulung Muscel downstream and 7 km away of the Voina cottage upstream. The dam was built from rockfill with a slightly curved horizontal core. The construction began in 1976, was completed in 1987 and the finishing reception in 1990. The dam is 105m high and 380m long. The Râuşor reservoir has a surface of 190 ha and a volume of water of 60 million cubic meters and is 4.5 km long on the river Târgului and 2.8 km on the river Râuşor. The Râuşor accumulation supplies the Lereşti, Voineşti and Campulung Muscel municipalities with water. Being part of importance category B, this dam is also monitored by geodetic methods with an annual spring repeat rate. Because of the fact that in the area of the longitudinal axis of the dam, the annual compaction rate has reached a value of over 1 cm and in the downstream area there have been rocks drifting, the institution that manages this dam decided to monitor this area at a 3-month period (4 seasons) using geodetic methods. To this end, the geodetic network of the dam was upgraded with tracking points arranged in the rockfills in the area where displacements occurred. A number of 8 stages of geodetic measurements were carried out between April 2017 and November 2018. These measurements included distances, directions, and level differences to determine the displacements of the tracked points. As the results were the plane coordinates and the heights obtained, as well as various suggestive graphs showing the vectors of the displacements between the stages and the velocities. This paper presents the stages of geodetic measurements performed to monitor the special area, the problems encountered in keeping the horizontal and vertical datum, performing the measurements, as well as the results expressed by coordinates and velocities of the monitored points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last twenty years, in Romania and especially in Vrancea area, some complex geodynamic investigations took place including geodesy contributions to this hot topic. The most important projects (CERGOP, CRC 461 „STRONG EARTHQUAKES", INDEGEN, VRAGEO) are presented from geodetic point of view with focus on satellite geodetic methods. TU of Civil Engineering Bucharest (TUCEB) by Faculty of Geodesy was involved in the projects and contributed to the progress of geodetic research as support for geodynamic and seismic hazard investigations. Detection of crustal movements in Vrancea area, mainly by satellite methods was complemented with terrestrial (leveling) observations. An important contribution could be obtained by GNSS epoch stations with a long span of observations but also by new GNSS permanent networks available in Romania. One of the most recent research project started in Vrancea area it is the VRAGEO project. The main objective of VRAGEO is to enable free and open access to seismic hazard information in Romania due to Vrancea source in support of GMES (Global Monitoring of Environment and Security) through the development of an operational framework, a set of supporting tools and advanced geospatial surveillance methodologies of Vrancea tectonic active region. Information derived from time-series satellite data will be used in synergy with in-situ monitoring data provided by geophysical, geodetic, geodynamic, electromagnetic, solar, seismic, meteorological monitoring networks of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known the electronic compensator role in the system of electronic total stations: to retrieve the residual errors inherent in the process of total station levelling and to correct the angles values by the influence of these errors. Besides this important role, the electronic compensator can be used in important applications of metrology - for example, monitoring the stability of pillars from baselines. In this article, the authors presents theoretical and practical considerations regarding the possibilities of using electronic compensator in geodetic metrology, and also on possibilities to record these values automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania and Bulgaria started to develop in partnership a system of monitoring, warning and dissemination of data on the quality of environment in the border-area counties. The project it is achieved under the strategic project WATER - integrated water management and is financed under the Romania - Bulgaria Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013. The project goal it is to establish a common management and control system of the quality of the Danube waters under extreme conditions, caused by natural and technological disasters. The project area includes about 500 km on Romanian and Bulgarian common Danube border area. In order to implement the designed activities in the project area, one of the major infrastructure needed it is the geodetic network and based on that a geo-database including digital maps, specific data and metadata, GIS applications, et al. Along the history, from geodetic point of view, for different activities on the Danube (navigation, water level and quality monitoring, floods management) different kinds of Coordinate and Reference Systems (CRS) were used by Danube countries. For the Romanian-Bulgarian sector, an important issue of this project it is the establishment of a common CRS including horizontal and vertical position. Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest (TUCEB - Romania) and Executive Agency for Exploration and Maintenance of the Danube River (EAEMDR - Bulgaria) are the responsible partners for Activity 6 of the WATER project. The main goal of the Activity 6 it is to adopt and to implement a common CRS according to the European INSPIRE Directive. This paper presents geodetic research and applications performed on Activity 6 of the WATER project in order to establish coordinates conversion and transformation standards. The theoretical and practical implementation of horizontal CRS, named ETRS89 (European Terrestrial Reference System) and vertical CRS, named EVRS (European Vertical Reference System) are presented. Research on possible connections between these CRS and previous CRS (as Black Sea 1975 and Baltic Sea) are investigated. The final results of this activity can contribute to the modern realization of the most recent connection between the national geodetic networks of Romania and Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the use and definition of fuzzy functions for solving surveying, mapping or other specific problems for geographic information systems that benefit of interpolation methods. Digital terrain modeling is widely used to understand reality, but also for understanding natural phenomena and processes. Using data collected in the field and modern techniques of modeling as fuzzy functions, predictions can be done concerning the evolution in time of natural processes. One component of the digital terrain model (DTM) realization it is the terrain modeling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania and Bulgaria started to develop in partnership a system of monitoring, warning and dissemination of data on the quality of environment in the border-area counties. The project will be achieved under the strategic project WATER - integrated water management and is financed under the Romania - Bulgaria Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2007-2013. The project will be implemented by 12 partners from Romania and Bulgaria, for a period of 24 months from July 2012, having the goal to establish a common management and control system of the quality of the Danube waters under extreme conditions, caused by natural and technological disasters. This paper presents geodetic research and applications proposed to be performed on the WATER project. The adoption and implementation of horizontal CRS, named ETRS89 (European Terrestrial Reference System) and vertical CRS, named EVRS (European Vertical Reference System) are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]