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This is a quantitative study of Chinese temples in Johor using temple data to show the development of Chinese religion in the state. The study finds that Chinese temples in Johor are dominated by a fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism, with only a minority of orthodox Buddhism in existence. The broad range of Buddhist and Daoist deities shows the diversity and inclusiveness of the religion. In addition, the number of newly created temples in the state is still on the rise, contradicting the perception that they, especially Daoist ones, are on the decline. The quantitative data collation and analysis of Chinese temples in Johor not only will reflect more accurately the development of religion and beliefs of the local Chinese community, but also is an attempt to construct Malaysia Historical Geographic Information System (MHGIS). We hope that in the future, we can make use of the convenience of the data humanities system to make a more macro and holistic exploration and development of the study of Chinese temples and beliefs in Malaysia.

This paper studies the history of the Singapore Girls’ Buddhist Institute, the first and only modern Buddhist education institution for women in Singapore and Malaysia. This paper aims to explore a dynamic transregional Buddhist network constructed by nuns, vegetarian nuns, and laywomen, with a particular emphasis on the prominent female figures and religious women communities involved. Through an analysis of the movements and religious practices of the Buddhist women community, the author demonstrates the contributions of Buddhist women to the transmission of religious knowledge and modern experiences. It is this paper’s intention that the micro-history of the case could contribute to restaging the women-centered Buddhist community in the narrative of “South China Sea Buddhism”.

This paper attempts to examine the formation path of the United Temple. Since research on the United Temple has focused more on its organization and religious practice in contemporary Singapore, the paper looks at the sub-temples under the Singapore United Temple, analyzing their paths toward unification from a more extended historical perspective. The authors divide sub-temples into three categories: ancestral temples (血缘庙), geographic temples (地缘庙), and deity-related temples (神缘庙) and compare their flexible strategies. This paper tries to explain how the formation of the United Temples was influenced by multiple spatial, social, and cultural factors. The blood lineage, religion, and regional ties from the homeland could still be essential when the localized, community-based social links beyond the boundaries play an equally crucial integrative role in forming United Temples. It is the contention of the authors of this paper to study the United Temple—the unique religious space in Singapore—as the potential syncretic field of the present and the past.

Recently, the shale gas exploration of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Sichuan Basin has made a great breakthrough. However, the pore characteristics and controlling factors of the shale-gas reservoir in the Qiongzhusi Formation are not clear, which hinders further exploration and development of shale gas. This paper focuses on the Qiongzhusi Formation in the Lower Cambrian of the Sichuan Basin. On the basis of mineral composition and the lithofacies types of shale-gas reservoirs in Qiongzhusi Formation were classified by microscopic observation. Additionally, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM), advanced mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS) analysis, large-field stitching scanning electron microscope technology (MAPS) and nitrogen adsorption experiment were employed to comprehensively determine the differential characteristics and controlling factors of pore development. The results indicate that the pore types in Qiongzhusi Formation are mainly composed of interparticle pores and intercrystalline pores. The pore structure of Qiongzhusi Formation is complex. Significant differences in pore structure parameters are observed among different lithofacies. Quartz and feldspar contribute to the preservation of primary pores due to their strong compressive resistance. Clay minerals and carbonate minerals impede pore development by occluding pores. The influence of organic matter on the pore development is relatively small. According to the mineral composition and pore parameters, laminated shale is a relatively favorable reservoir facies among different lithofacies types.

ObjectiveTo explore the difference in CT values between pulmonary thromboembolism and postmortem clot in postmortem CT pulmonary angiography （CTPA） to further improve the application value of virtual autopsy.MethodsPostmortem CTPA data with the definite cause of death from 2016 to 2019 were collected and divided into pulmonary thromboembolism group （n=4）, postmortem clot group （n=5）, and control group （n=5）. CT values of pulmonary trunk and left and right pulmonary artery contents in each group were measured and analyzed statistically.ResultsThe average CT value in the pulmonary thromboembolism group and postmortem clot group were （168.4±53.8） HU and （282.7±78.0） HU, respectively, which were lower than those of the control group （1 193.0±82.9） HU （P

Introduction Material and Methods Results Conclusions Previous studies have established a link between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but little is known about their precise causal relationship. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether there are precise causal relationships between gut microbiota and PCOS.We performed a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Datasets were from the largest published meta‐analysis on gut microbiota composition and the FinnGen cohort of the IEU Open Genome‐Wide Association Study Project database. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, constrained maximum likelihood‐based Mendelian randomization, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were used. Cochran's Q and MR‐Egger intercept tests were employed to measure the heterogeneity.A total of 211 gut microbiota taxa were identified in MR analysis. Nine taxa of bacteria, including Alphaproteobacteria (0.55, 0.30–0.99, p = 0.04), Bacilli (1.76, 1.07–2.91, p = 0.03), Bilophila (0.42, 0.23–0.77, p < 0.01), Blautia (0.16, 0.03–0.79, p = 0.02), Burkholderiales (2.37, 1.22–4.62, p = 0.01), Candidatus Soleaferrea (0.65, 0.43–0.98, p = 0.04), Cyanobacteria (0.51, 0.31–0.83, p = 0.01), Holdemania (0.53, 0.35–0.81, p < 0.01), and Lachnospiraceae (1.86, 1.04–3.35, p = 0.03), were found to be associated with PCOS in the above MR methods included at least IVW method. Cochran's Q statistics and MR‐Egger intercept test suggested no significant heterogeneity. In addition, 69 taxa were shown significant for at least the IVW method in reverse MR analysis, of these, 25 had a positive correlation, and 37 had a negative correlation. Additionally, Alphaproteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae (0.95, 0.91–0.98, p < 0.01; 0.97, 0.94–0.99, p = 0.02, respectively) were shown a bidirected causally association with PCOS.Our study provides evidence of the bidirectional causal association between gut microbiota and PCOS from a genetic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End‐ischemic normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) could provide a curative treatment to reduce cholestatic liver injury from donation after circulatory death (DCD) in donors. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our previous study demonstrated that air‐ventilated NMP could improve functional recovery of DCD in a preclinical NMP rat model. Here, metabolomics analysis revealed that air‐ventilated NMP alleviated DCD‐ and cold preservation‐induced cholestatic liver injury, as shown by the elevated release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the perfusate (p <.05) and the reduction in the levels of bile acid metabolites, including ω‐muricholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) in the perfused livers (p <.05). In addition, the expression of the key bile acid metabolism enzyme UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, was substantially elevated in the DCD rat liver, followed by air‐ventilated NMP (p <.05), and in vitro, this increase was induced by decreased GCDC and hypoxia‐reoxygenation in the hepatic cells HepG2 and L02 (p <.05). Knockdown of UGT1A1 in hepatic cells by siRNA aggravated hepatic injury caused by GCDC and hypoxia‐reoxygenation, as indicated by the ALT and AST levels in the supernatant. Mechanistically, UGT1A1 is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator‐activator receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) under hypoxia–physoxia. Taken together, our data revealed that air‐ventilated NMP could alleviate DCD‐ and cold preservation‐induced cholestatic liver injury through PPAR‐γ/UGT1A1 axis. Based on the results from this study, air‐ventilated NMP confers a promising approach for predicting and alleviating cholestatic liver injury through PPAR‐γ/UGT1A1 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, with the assumption of only channel statistics information available at the receivers, a novel concept of multiplicative uniquely decomposable constellations is proposed for multi‐user single‐input multiple‐output (MU‐SIMO) FSO systems in weak atmospheric turbulence, which is modeled by spatially dependent lognormal fading channels. The design enables the fast decoding at the users' sides and meanwhile allows flexibility in assigning each user's ordering to meet different priority needs. Simulation results show that our proposed design has a significant performance improvement over the TDMA scheme at the same rates.

Haematopoietic necrosis in Carassius auratus is one of the most serious diseases in recent years caused by CyHV-2 (cyprinid herpesvirus 2) which has caused huge economic losses in aquaculture. Currently, the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2 in vitro is difficult due to the lack of sensitive cell lines, which hinder further studies on the pathogenesis and gene functions of the virus. In this study, Carassius carassius gill cell line (CCG) was constructed and had been passaged up to 90 passages at 25 ℃ in Medium199 (M199) with 15–20% Foetal bovine serum (FBS). Cellular karyotype analysis showed that the chromosome number was 46 at passage 50. CCG could be successfully transfected with GFP reporter gene with an efficiency of more than 60% suggesting that CCG could be used for exogenous gene expression in vitro. CCG infected with CyHV-2 displayed typical cytopathic effects (CPE), and viral replication was confirmed by PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, respectively. In conclusion, the CCG cell line can be used as a useful tool to study the propagation and pathogenesis of CyHV-2.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint and antiangiogenic inhibitors have a potentially synergistic antitumor effect. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for eligible trials. ClinicalTrials.gov and meeting abstracts were also searched for qualified clinical studies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective studies (including single-arm studies) that evaluated efficacy and/or toxicity of immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic agents (A + I) with or without chemotherapy (A + I + chemo) in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC; and primary outcome of each study reported at least one of these endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), or adverse events (AEs).Results: Twenty three prospective studies comprising 1,856 patients with advanced NSCLC were included. The pooled ORR, median PFS and estimated overall survival were 39%, 6.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.53–8.13], and 18.6 months in the overall group. Similar ORR and median PFS with A + I + chemo versus A + I were observed in patients treated in first-line setting [59% and 9.47 months (95% CI, 6.45–12.49) versus 52% and 10.9 months (95% CI, 1.81–19.98), respectively]. We also observed improved ORR and mPFS with A + I + chemo versus A + I in subsequent-line setting [56% and 8.1 months (95% CI, 5.00–11.26) versus 22% and 5.1 months (95% CI, 4.01–6.15), respectively]. Efficacy of A + I + chemo therapy was evident across different PD-L1 subgroups, especially in patients with EGFR mutations [ORR: 59%; mPFS: 8.13 months (95% CI: 5.00–11.26)] or baseline liver metastases. The incidence of AEs with a major grade of ≥3 in the overall, A + I, and A + I + chemo groups were 4.1% vs. 5.5% vs. 3.4% for proteinuria, 13.7% vs. 16.2% vs. 9.7% for hypertension, and 1.9% vs. 1.2% vs. 2.8% for rash, respectively. No new safety signals were identified in this pooled analysis.Conclusion: Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic agents with or without chemotherapy showed encouraging antitumor activity and an acceptable toxicity profile in treatment-naïve or pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC. Doublet treatment with immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents might be a new option for patients with advanced NSCLC, especially those who are treatment-naive or cannot tolerate chemotherapy.

PurposeEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-negative/unknown advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lack subsequent approved targeted therapies. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of osimertinib in advanced NSCLC patients with different T790M status after resistance to prior first- or second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and to predict the subgroups that may benefit beside T790M-positive disease.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant trials. Meeting abstracts were also reviewed to identify appropriate studies. Studies evaluating the efficacy and/or survival outcomes of osimertinib in patients with different T790M status (positive, negative, or unknown) after resistance to prior first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs were enrolled, and data were pooled to assess hazard ratios (HRs) or relative risk ratios (RRs) in terms of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR).ResultsA total of 1,313 EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients from 10 retrospective and one prospective studies treated with osimertinib after resistance to first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs were included. In overall groups, T790M-positive patients showed an improved OS (HR=0.574, p=0.015), PFS (HR = 0.476, p = 0.017), and ORR (RR = 2.025, p = 0.000) compared with T790M-negative patients. In the brain metastases subgroup, no significant difference in OS was observed between T790M-positive and T790M-negative patients (HR = 0.75, p = 0.449) or between T790M-positive and T790M-unknown patients (HR = 0.90, p = 0.673). In the plasma genotyping subgroup, PFS was similar between T790M-positive and T790M-negative patients (HR = 1.033, p = 0.959).ConclusionPatients with progressive brain metastases on first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs can benefit from subsequent osimertinib therapy regardless of T790M status. Patients with plasma T790M-negative status and lack of tissue genotyping should be allowed to receive osimertinib treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in clinical practice. Patients with PD are usually accompanied by non - motor symptoms (NMS) such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression, pain and hallucinations, which seriously reduce the quality of life. Recent studies have found that PD patients were accompanied by diffuse pathological changes in non-dopaminergic system such as progressive degeneration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ergic neurons, and 5-HT plays an important role in the regulation of emotion, cognitive function, pain and other neural functions, and is closely related to non-motor symptoms of PD. This article reviews the correlation between 5 -HT and non -motor symptoms of PD and its research progress, in order to further clarify the pathogenesis of non-motor symptoms of PD and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract. Background. Mounting evidence, consistent with our previous study, showed that γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) played an indispensable role in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthma. Monocyte chemotactic protein-inducing protein 1 (MCPIP1) was a key negative regulator of inflammation. Recent studies showed that inflammation was largely suppressed by enhanced MCPIP1 expression in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role and potential mechanism of MCPIP1 in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthma were still not well studied. This study was to explore the role of MCPIP1 in asthmatic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in both mice and BEAS-2B cells, and its potential mechanism. Methods. In vivo, mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. Airway inflammation and mucus secretion were analyzed. In vitro, BEAS-2B cells were chosen. Interleukin (IL)-13 was used to stimulate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in cells. MCPIP1 Lentiviral vector (LA-MCPIP1) and plasmid-MCPIP1 were used to up-regulate MCPIP1 in lung and cells, respectively. MCP-1, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), MCPIP1, and GABAARβ2 expressions were measured in both lung and BEAS-2B cells. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the expression of GABAARβ2 in cells. Results. MCPIP1 was up-regulated by LA-MCPIP1 (P

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been well documented to be linked with almost all skin problems we know, and both dermis and epidermis may be affected to varying degrees by UV irradiation. Every time when exposed to sunlight without protection, our skin will step closer to photoaging, leading to irreversible consequences ultimately. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a vital protein involved in cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, tumor genesis and metastasis. Evidence suggests that the organism is subjected to various internal and external environmental stresses (heat, oxidative stress, organic toxicants, etc.), and HSP27 with high expression has protective function. However, the expression of HSP27 in coping with UV irradiation have not been examined thoroughly. In this study, photodamage models were developed through different doses of UVB irradiation in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) (30 mJ/cm2), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) (150 mJ/cm2) and mouse skin (2,700 mJ/cm2). HSP27 knockdown decreased cell viability and increased the incidence of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We got consistent results in vivo and vitro. Compared with that in the UVB group, the expression of LC3B was significantly lower, while the expression of p62 was significantly higher in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. It was also revealed that HSP27 knockdown reduced the expressions of some antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which accelerated UVB-induced ROS release. Moreover, histological results showed that epidermis was thickened and collagen fibers were disorganized in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. These findings have demonstrated that HSP27 might play a photoprotective role in the UVB-induced skin damage process by maintaining the normal autophagy and antioxidant level. It is implied that HSP27 could be a potential therapeutic target of photodamage. However, determination of the definitive mechanism requires further exploration.

Little is known about the shift of lymphocytes under the condition of the model for end-stage liver disease score and the follow-up period. Then, we detected the peripheral blood from liver transplant recipients by flow cytometry and compared the results. The model for end-stage liver disease score affected the percentages of T-cell subsets and B cells during the short-term follow-up period, but failed to influence the lymphocyte subsets during the long-term follow-up period. In contrast, the follow-up period not only affected the absolute counts of T-cell subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with the low model for end-stage liver disease scores, but also influenced the percentages and absolute counts of T-cell subsets in patients with the high model for end-stage liver disease scores. In the two-way ANOVA, we further revealed that the model for end-stage liver disease score was associated with the percentages of T cells and CD4+ T cells and the absolute numbers of T-cell subsets and B cells, while the follow-up period was associated with the percentages of T-cell subsets and the absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets. Therefore, patients with either the low model for end-stage liver disease scores or the long-term follow-up period are in a relatively activated immune condition.

Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of oral Acetaminophen for premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Methods: Databases including Ovid, EMbase, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Acetaminophen for premature infants with PDA from inception to January 1, 2021. Quality assessment was performed through bias risk evaluation according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0, and then the homogeneous studies were analyzed using Revman 5.4 software.Results: A total of 16 RCTs were included, which were divided into for four subgroups: subgroup I (oral acetaminophen vs. oral ibuprofen, 13 RCTs), subgroup II (oral acetaminophen vs. intravenous indomethacin, 1 RCT), subgroup III (oral acetaminophen vs intravenous ibuprofen, 1 RCT), and subgroup IV (oral acetaminophen vs intravenous placebo, 1 RCT). In subgroup I, There was no significant difference in the ductal closure rate after the first course of drug administration [typical relative risk (RR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90 to 1.05], the accumulated ductal closure rate after two course of treatment (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91–1.02), and mortality (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.75–1.49) between treatment with oral acetaminophen versus oral ibuprofen (p > 0.05); compared with oral ibuprofen, oral acetaminophen was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding/stool occult blood positive (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.82)and oliguria (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.91) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The meta analysis approves the facts that there is no significant difference in the efficacity in premature infants with PDA between oral acetaminophen and buprofen or indometacin, but compared to ibuprofen, oral acetaminophen may decrease the incidence of oliguria and gastrointestinal bleeding. More reliable conclusions should be made through large-size, multi-center, well-designed RCTs.