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Chinese culture contains rich positive thoughts of mental transformation, mentcal Huagong(MHG: 心理化功) is the embodiment of people’s quality of psychological transformation. MHG refers to the Gongfu(功夫) or mental competence that transforms negative or passive into positive or advantageous mind, which is an indispensable quality for contemporary people, especially college students, to find favorable position for the use of their abilities(用武之地) in society. In order to understand the level of college students’ MHG, 586 college students from ordinary universities in Guangdong Province were tested. By item analysis and exploratory factor analysis on sample 1, confirmatory factor analysis on sample 2, college students’ mental Huagong scale(CSMHGS: 大学生心理化功量表) was compiled finally. The result shows that CSMHGS is composed of 35 items and 5 factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 56.145%. The result of confirmatory factor analysis shows that the 5-factor model fitted well. Cronbach α coefficient of the total scale is 0.854, and the reliability coefficient of each dimension of the scale is between 0.809~0.856. It is concluded that CSMHGS has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a measuring tool for the study of college students’ MHG.

Warhead power assessment of the anti-ship missile plays a vital role in determining the optimal design of missile, thus having important strategic research significance. However, in the assessment process, expert’s judgement will directly affect the assessment accuracy. In addition, there are many criteria involved in the missile design alternatives. Some criteria with poor performance may be compensated by other criteria with excellent performance, and then it is impossible to find the truly optimal alternative. Aimed at solving these problems, this paper proposes a synthetical assessment process based on fuzzy hesitant linguistic term set and the Gained and Lost Dominance Score (GLDS) method. In order to improve the assessment accuracy of experts and solve the problem that experts generate different opinions, combined with the advantages of fuzzy hesitant sets and linguistic term sets, the double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets are used in this paper to improve the accuracy of expert’s judgement. In order to effectively combine expert’s experience with the data of criteria, the evidence theory and entropy weight method are used to transfer the expert’s judgement to the weight. In order to avoid selecting defective alternative of missile design, the GLDS is used to fuse expert information and criteria information. Sensitivity analysis shows that the assessment process has sensitivity to some extent. However, when the fluctuation of expert’s assessment makes the fluctuation of θ in the range of −5% to 5%, the impact on the results is not quite conspicuous. The analysis of calculation result and comparative analysis show that the assessment process proposed in this paper is accurate enough, has great advantage in selecting the current and potential optimal alternative of missile design, and avoids the alternatives with low criteria performance that cannot be compensated by other criteria being selected.

Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the clinic, accounting for about 85% of all hyperthyroidisms. However, hyperthyroidism combined with OH has been rarely reported in the international community. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of GD combined with orthostatic hypotension. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2 GD combined with orthostatic hypotension cases diagnosed by Chinese and Western Medical Association Hospital of Southern Medical University from July to August 2018 and discussed their clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and pathogenesis. The main clinical manifestations of both two patients with hyperthyroidism were vertigo during postural changes or activities and relief from supine position and blood volume supplementation. Considering the lack of blood volume, the symptoms were alleviated after symptomatic treatment. The possibility of hyperthyroidism combined with orthostatic hypotension should be taken into consideration in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

In the present study, supercritical fluid was employed to prepare a kind of supercritical fluids-decellularized dermal-based scaffold (SFDDS) from porcine dermal tissue. Further, new composite bioscaffolds containing SFDDS were designed for bioprinting applications. Then, the effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructures and thermal properties of the composite bioscaffolds containing decellularized extracellular matrix were studied. The results of thermal stability from thermogravimetric analysis and difference thermogravimetry demonstrated the structural stability of the composite bioscaffolds. A method was designed to prepare bioinspired decellularized dermal-based composite bioscaffolds, which were further characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis.

Understanding the relationship between landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value (ESV) is important for building an ecological security pattern and enhancing human well-being. Taking Fujian Province as the research area, based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in 1980, 2000, and 2020, we carried out a grid resampling size of 5 km × 5 km in the study area, quantitatively evaluated the landscape ecological risk and ESV, and analyzed the spatio-temporal variations. The spatial correlation between landscape ecological risk and ESV was investigated by using the bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis and the spatial regression models. The results showed that the landscape ecological risk level in Fujian Province changed from medium level to low level, with the situation being improved. The landscape ecological risk level was generally higher in the east region and lower in the west region. ESV generally declined. The functional structure of each ecosystem was relatively stable. ESV spread from high to low with high value area as the core. There was a significant negative spatial correlation between landscape ecological risk and ESV. Landscape ecological risk had a negative effect on ecosystem total ser-vice value, with the strongest impact on the supply function.探讨景观生态风险与生态系统服务价值之间的关系,对于构建生态安全格局和促进人类福祉具有重要意义。以福建省为研究区域,利用1980、2000和2020年3期土地利用遥感监测数据,基于5 km×5 km评价网格重采样,定量评估景观生态风险和生态系统服务价值,分析二者的时空变化特征,采用双变量空间自相关分析方法和空间回归模型分析二者的空间关系。结果表明: 1980—2020年,福建省景观生态风险等级由中等风险转入较低风险,风险状况转好,各等级总体呈现东高西低的分布格局;生态系统服务价值总体下降,各单项生态系统功能结构相对稳定,各等级由高到低以高值区为核心向外依次扩散分布。景观生态风险与生态系统服务价值存在显著的空间负相关性,景观生态风险对生态系统服务总价值具有负效应,对供给功能价值的影响最大。.

Development in patterning technique of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) will facilitate their integration in microelectronics, but controlling the structure of MOFs at the nanoscale remains a major ...

Modification of the gas permeation properties of ZIF-8 membranes using electron beam irradiation is reported. 3.8 and 3.2 fold enhancements in ideal selectivity for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 can be achieved with less than 1 min exposure time.

ConspectusMetal-organic framework solids (MOFs) are synthetic nanoporous materials that have drawn intense efforts in synthesis and characterization of chemical properties, most notably for their ability to adsorb liquids and gases. They are constructed as "node-spacer" nanostructured materials: metal centers (ions or clusters) connected by organic linkers (commonly containing carboxylate or imidazolate groups) to form crystalline, extended, often highly nanoporous structures. MOFs exhibit a variety of advantages over conventional porous materials: rationally designed synthesis of desired crystal structures and crystal engineering become feasible; great synthetic versatility and ease of incorporating different chemical functionalities are realized; and the use of lightweight organic linkers allows for ultrahigh surface area and porosity previously not accessible to conventional materials (i.e., zeolites and porous carbon). As a consequence, MOFs show great promise for a rapidly expanding collection of applications such as gas storage, separations, catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery.The mechanochemistry of MOFs and their response to shock waves, which we discuss in this Account, have been only partially explored. Mechanochemistry, the connection between the mechanical and the chemical worlds, has ancient origins. Rubbing sticks together to start a fire is mechanochemistry. Only in the past decade or so, however, has mechanochemistry gained a notable focus in the chemical community. In the following discussion, we present a general introduction to the complex mechanochemical behavior of MOFs both under quasi-static compression and under shock loading created by high-speed impact. During elastic deformation, MOFs undergo reversible structural or phase transitions. Plastic deformation of MOFs can result in mechanochemistry and can permanently modify the crystal structure, the pore dimensions and configuration, and the chemical bonding. The large energies required to induce bond rearrangement during plastic deformation suggest an interesting potential of MOFs for shock wave mitigation applications.MOFs are promising materials for shock energy dissipation because of the high density of nanopores which can absorb shock energy as they collapse. We have recently developed a platform to assess shock wave energy attenuation by MOFs and other powdered materials. It uses a tabletop laser-driven flyer plate to impact MOF samples at velocities of up to 2.0 km/s. The pressure of the shock waves that break out from the MOF sample can be measured by photon Doppler velocimetry. By measuring the shock profiles of MOF layers with different thicknesses, we can determine the shock pressure attenuation by the MOF layer. We have identified the two-wave structure of shocks in MOFs caused by nanopore collapse. Electron micrographs of recovered shocked MOFs show distinct zones in the shocked material corresponding to shock powder compaction, nanopore collapse, and chemical bond destruction.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted lots of research attention and significant developments have been achieved in the last decade. Small molecular acceptors (SMAs) have played an important role. During the last five years, non-fullerene small molecular acceptors (NFSMAs) have replaced fullerene ones and become the research focus of OSCs, due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as wide and strong absorption, easily adjustable energy levels and stable morphology. This review highlights the recent advances of SMAs, especially NFSMAs including perylenediimide, naphthalenediimide, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indacenodothiophene, and Y6 series. The relationships among molecular structures, optical properties, energy levels, device processing methods and photovoltaic performance are systematically analyzed and summarized. Challenges, strategies and prospects are also discussed. This review may provide new guidances for designing high-performance SMAs.

AIM: To determine the impact of age on the morphology of endothelial cells and central corneal thickness (CCT) in Chinese tree shrew. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty eyes of 60 healthy Chinese tree shrews were studied. Based on age, the tree shrews were divided into four groups. After general anesthesia, the images of endothelium were acquired using non-contact specular microscope Topcon 3000P. Eight parameters of corneal endothelial cells were measured by built-in software, including CCT, endothelial cell density (ECD), percent hexagonality (HG%), coefficient of variability (CV), size of minimal cell (Smin), size of maximal cell (Smax), average cells size (Savg) and size standard deviation (Ssd). Data were analyzed using STATA software. The differences of eight parameters among groups and correlations with age were analyzed. RESULTS: In all studied animals, the average CCT was 249.6±20.29 μm (202-301 μm), ECD was 3080.72± 460.76 cells/mm2 (1239.6-4047.6 cells/mm2) and CV was 29.10±7.60 (13.6-54.6). CV was significantly different among different groups (P

The large mechanical energy storage capacity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has suggested their promising potential as shock protective armor materials. Here, we performed shock compression of MOF (ZIF-8) film to understand the shock attenuation mechanisms in MOFs and evaluate the shock absorption efficiency. The shock wave was generated from the impact of an aluminum flyer plate on ZIF-8 film on a table-top shock apparatus. We recovered the ZIF-8 crystal film after shock compression for post-mortem analysis. We found out that the shock wave was absorbed by MOFs through powder compaction, nanopore-collapse, and chemical bond-breakage that were activated at distinct shock energies. The energy profiles obtained from photon Doppler velocimetry shows that ZIF-8 films are more efficient than PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) in shock wave energy absorption.

In order to improve the safety of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), submicron CL-20 particles were prepared by a siphon ultrasonic-assisted spray refining experimental device. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the impact sensitivity of the samples was tested. The results show that the particle size of siphon-refined CL-20 is about 800 nm~1 μm, which is more smooth, mellow, and dense than that of CL-20 prepared by a traditional pressure-refined method. The peak diffraction angle of pressure- and siphon-refined CL-20 is basically the same as that of raw CL-20, and their crystal forms are ε type. The peak strength of pressure- and siphon-refined CL-20 decreased obviously. The apparent activation energy of pressure-refined CL-20 and siphon-refined CL-20 is 13.3 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol higher than that of raw CL-20, respectively. The thermal stability of CL-20 is improved. The activation enthalpy (ΔH#) is significantly higher than that of raw CL-20, and the characteristic drop is 70.4% and 82.7% higher than that of raw CL-20. The impact sensitivity of siphon-refined CL-20 is lower than that of pressure-refined CL-20, so the safety performance of an explosive is improved obviously.

Recent investigations into the mechanical properties and mechanochemical reactions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have suggested the potential for energy dissipation by multiple mechanisms. Although the possibility of efficient multifunctional shock dissipation by MOFs was suggested by static high pressure studies, there is little known about MOFs under shock compression. Here, we measure the attenuation of shock wave by the MOF denoted zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) in its desolvated, porous state. We find that shock wave dissipation by ZIF-8 occurred by multiple processes: powder compaction, nanopore-collapse, and chemical bond-breakage. The shock energy absorbance in ZIF-8 is proportional to ZIF-8 thickness, allowing the prediction of the thickness of MOF layer needed to attenuate shock waves to a desired lower energy. Compared with PMMA, often used as a standard, ZIF-8 attenuates 7 times more shock energy per unit mass for impacts at a lower velocity of 0.75 km/s and 2.5 times more at a higher velocity of 1.6 km/s. This research illustrates how to improve the ability to attenuate shock waves for personnel and equipment protection by engineering multifunctionality into the shock wave absorbing armor material.

The internal free volume of porous materials diminishes upon mechanical compression, and such volume collapse can have chemical consequences., The internal free volume of porous materials diminishes upon mechanical compression, and such volume collapse can have chemical consequences. We report here the endothermic bond breakage in a metal-organic framework (MOF) during compression-induced collapse. Upon bulk compression at 1.9 GPa, the effective number for Zr–O bonds between Zr(iv) ions and carboxylate groups in UiO-66 decreased from 4.0 to 1.9, as determined by EXAFS, and the internal free volume was synchronously collapsed. Consistent with the EXAFS data, IR spectra confirmed conversion of syn–syn bridging carboxylates to monodentate ligation, thus establishing mechanochemical reactions induced by external compression of MOFs. Substantial mechanical energy (∼4 kJ g–1) was absorbed by UiO-66 nanocrystals during compression, as demonstrated from nanocompression of single crystals (600 nm) in situ during scanning electron microscopy, which establishes the potential application of MOFs as mechanical energy absorbers for hydrostatic and shock compression.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory, heterogeneous airway disease affecting millions of people around the world. Curcumin has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effects. Researchers reported that curcumin regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lots of cells. However, whether curcumin regulates the levels of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in lung tissues and DCs (dendritic cells) remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of curcumin on DCs and asthma.C57BL/6 mice immunized with OVA (ovalbumin) were challenged thrice with an aerosol of OVA every second day for 8 days. Dexamethasone or curcumin was administered intraperitoneally to OVA-immunized C57BL/6 mice on day 24 once a day for 9 days. Mice were analyzed for effects of curcumin on asthma, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels in lung tissue. DCs were isolated from mouse bone morrow. The surface markers CD40, CD86 and CD11c of DCs was detected by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) and the function of DCs was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin was detected by Western Blot.Results showed that OVA increased the number of inflammatory factors in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), elevated lung inflammation scores in mice. Curcumin dose-dependently reversed the alterations induced by OVA in the asthmatic mice. Curcumin activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in DCs and asthmatic mouse lungs.Curcumin could influence the morphology and function of DCs, ease asthma symptom and inflammatory reaction through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results provide new evidence new evidence for application of curcumin on asthma.

Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus are progressive and becoming one of the most important causes of morbidity worldwide. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide, an important component of Polygonatum sibiricum, on ocular complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats. Sprague Dawley rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin(60 mg/kg, i.v.) and then the rats were treated with Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg.d by gavage for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis indicated that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in blood and elevated the levels of insulin and C-peptide in plasma of diabetes mellitus rats in a dose-dependent manner. Physical measurements revealed that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide improved clinical symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and weight loss in diabetes mellitus rats. The content of malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase in plasma were determined, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed oxidative stress reaction. Lens opacification was observed using slit lamp illumination, and the data showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide delayed cataract progression in a dose-dependent manner. Electroretinogram showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide treatment reversed the decrease of electroretinogram b and OPs2 waves’ amplitudes. Flash-visual evoked potential test indicated that the peak time of P2 wave was prolonged, and the amplitude of N2-P2 was lowered in diabetes mellitus group, and Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide suppressed these changes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviated the retinal vasculopathy in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the administration of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataract through alleviating hyperglycemia and reducing oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for shock energy dissipation via nanopore collapse and powder compaction. In this work, we measured shock wave energy attenuation by ZIF-8 (a MOF with a zinc-2-methylimidazolate framework) using a tabletop laser-driven flyer-plate apparatus. Aluminum flyer plates 75-um thick were accelerated to speeds up to 2.0 km/s to impact the ZIF-8 film. The pressure of the shock waves that break out from ZIF-8 was measured by photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV). By comparing the shock profile with and without ZIF-8, we deduced the shock pressure attenuated by the ZIF-8 layer. We identified the two-wave structure of shocks in ZIF-8 caused by nanopore collapse. Electron micrographs of recovered shocked ZIF-8 show distinct zones in the shocked material corresponding to shock powder compaction, nanopore collapse and chemical bond destruction.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for shock energy dissipation via nanopore collapse and powder compaction. In this work, we measured shock wave energy attenuation by ZIF-8 (a MOF with a zinc-2-methylimidazolate framework) using a tabletop laser-driven flyer-plate apparatus. Aluminum flyer plates 75-um thick were accelerated to speeds up to 2.0 km/s to impact the ZIF-8 film. The pressure of the shock waves that break out from ZIF-8 was measured by photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV). By comparing the shock profile with and without ZIF-8, we deduced the shock pressure attenuated by the ZIF-8 layer. We identified the two-wave structure of shocks in ZIF-8 caused by nanopore collapse. Electron micrographs of recovered shocked ZIF-8 show distinct zones in the shocked material corresponding to shock powder compaction, nanopore collapse and chemical bond destruction.

Metal-organic framework solids (MOFs) are synthetic porous materials that have drawn intense efforts in their synthesis and many of their chemical properties, most notably their use for the sorption of gases and vapors. The mechanical properties and mechanochemistry of MOFs, which we review in this chapter, have been only partially explored. MOFs can undergo both reversible, elastic deformations, and irreversible plastic deformations, some of which have associated mechanochemical reactions. During elastic deformation, MOFs undergo reversible structural or phase transitions. Plastic deformation of MOFs, on the other hand, can cause significant, permanent modification of the crystal structure, change in pore dimensions and configuration, and alteration of chemical bonding, all of which in turn affect their gas adsorption behavior. The large energies required to induce bond rearrangement during plastic deformation suggests an interesting potential of MOFs for shock wave mitigation applications.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential applications as energy absorbing materials for shock wave energy mitigation due to their nanoporosity. Here we have examined km/s laser-driven flyer plate impacts on a prototypical MOF, ZIF-8. We observed particle fragmentation and morphological changes in microcrystals of ZIF-8 at lower shock pressures (≈2.5 GPa), and amorphization and structural collapse at higher pressures (≈8 GPa). High-speed emission spectroscopy revealed that 50 ns after flyer plate impacts, an emission pulse was generated by ZIF-8 resulting from chemical bonds that were broken and subsequently reformed. MOFs may prove useful in the dissipation of shock wave energy through large structural changes (free volume collapse and endothermic bond breakage).

Porous materials provide a plethora of technologically important applications that encompass molecular separations, catalysis, and adsorption. The majority of research in this field involves network solids constructed from multitopic constituents that, when assembled either covalently or ionically, afford macromolecular arrangements with micro- or meso-porous apertures. Recently, porous solids fabricated from discrete organic cages have garnered much interest due to their ease of handling and solution processability. Although this class of materials is a promising alternative to network solids, fundamental studies are still required to elucidate critical structure-function relationships that govern microporosity. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the effects of building block shape-persistence on the porosity of molecular cages. Alkyne metathesis and edge-specific postsynthetic modifications afforded three organic cages with alkynyl, alkenyl, and alkyl edges, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption experiments conducted on rapidly crystallized and slowly crystallized solids illustrated a general trend in porosity: alkynylalkenylalkyl. To understand the molecular-scale origin of this trend, we investigated the short and long time scale molecular motions of the molecular cages using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our combined experimental and computational results demonstrate that the microporosity of molecular cages directly correlates with shape persistence. These findings discern fundamental molecular requirements for rationally designing porous molecular solids.

Conversion of cellulosic biomass to renewable chemicals such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is of high current interest. Herein, we report a rare example of one-pot synthesis of HMF from glucose by tandem catalysis. The system is composed of a thermophilic glucose isomerase enzyme for glucose isomerization to fructose and a solid acid catalyst for fructose dehydration to HMF. A base (−NH2) functionalized mesoporous silica (aminopropyl-FMS) with large pore size was deployed successfully to immobilize and protect the thermophilic glucose isomerase in organic solvents at high temperature. The combination of this catalyst with a Bronsted acid (−SO3H) functionalized mesoporous silica (propylsulfonic acid-FMS) allowed us to conduct a one-pot transformation of glucose to HMF directly in a monophasic solvent system composed of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and H2O (4:1 v/v) with 61% yield of fructose and 30% yield of HMF at temperatures >363 K in 24 h.

Two manganese sulfates, [C2H6O2][MnSO4] (1) and [C4N2H12][Mn(SO4)2(H2O)] (2), were solvothermally synthesized in the presence of ethylene glycol and piperazine. Both compounds are constructed from 4-membered ring ladder chains made of MnO6 and SO4 units, with 1 displaying a 3D zeolite gismondine (GIS) framework and 2 possessing a 1D chain structure, respectively.

We derive a scheme of the separable expression of the reflection/transmission operator, which can be used to model primary reflected waves in the one-way wave equation seismic modeling. By employing the theory of operator representation, the reflection/transmission operator is decomposed into the form of double domains in the scheme, so it is adaptable to laterally heterogeneous media and confirms the accuracy of AVA of the reflections when the incident angle is less than 45°. The computational cost of the scheme is greatly reduced comparing with pseudospectral modeling of the two-way equation.

The deformation and mechanical behavior of individual zeolitic–imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) micro- and sub-microcrystals were observed under compression. Young’s modulus and volume changes as a function of applied pressure were determined on individual single crystals, offering insights in the relationship among structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. Dramatic volume decreases and amorphization were detected during compression over a pressure range of 0–4 GPa for individual 1.2 μm ZIF-8 microcrystals, and the deformed microcrystals partially recovered after pressure release. The orientation and size effects on the mechanical behavior of ZIF-8 nano- and microcrystals were also investigated. The presence of solvates within the pores of the ZIF-8 has a dramatic effect on the mechanical properties of the single crystals. Methanol-solvated ZIF-8 microcrystals are much less deformable than the desolvated microcrystals and shatter completely at very low applied force.

Multiply charged anions possess a repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) against electron emission, thus allowing for long-lived metastable species with negative electron binding energies. For the prototypical multianion, bisdisulizole tetra-anion, we demonstrate that electronically excited states supported by the RCB can undergo resonant tunneling. The dynamics of this process was investigated by one-photon photoelectron imaging and femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy and confirmed by theoretical calculations. Efficient resonant tunneling emission of electrons from the excited states of multianions may be common for systems with sufficiently large RCB. This may provide new opportunities to study electron emission dynamics in complex systems.