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7. Ethernet-APL for Process Automation: With this technology, the digitalization of automation networks is relatively easy to implement.

Author

Rummel, Thomas and Bräutigam, Christian

Subjects
AUTOMATION, ETHERNET, COMPUTER network traffic, INDUSTRIAL robots, ETHERNET equipment, DIGITAL technology, DIGITAL communications, DATA transmission systems
Abstract

Ethernet-APL is a new standard for the process industry that allows for the digitalization of automation networks. It is based on the 10BASE-T1L specification and enables two-wire Ethernet connections to field devices. The primary advantage of Ethernet-APL is its interoperability and flexibility, allowing for rapid data transmission in both small and large networks. It also supports intrinsically safe ignition protection in hazardous environments. Ethernet-APL offers various network typologies and can be easily integrated into high-performance automation networks, making it a valuable technology for the future digitalization of automation networks. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

15. Accuracy of the construction of the superconducting coils for WENDELSTEIN 7-X

Author

Rummel, Thomas, Risse, Konrad, Viebke, Holger, Braeuer, Torsten, and Kisslinger, Johann

Subjects
Superconducting magnets -- Electric properties, High temperature superconductors -- Electric properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The WENDELSTEIN 7-X, a superconducting fusion experiment, is under construction at the Griefswald branch of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik (IPP). The accuracy of the coil system is determined by the accuracy of the shape of the winding packs, the accuracy of the final machining of the casings and the accuracy of the assembly of the stellator.

Published
2004

16. Quench protection for the superconducting magnet system of WENDELSTEIN 7-X

Author

Rummel, Thomas, Gaupp, Osvin, Lochner, Georg, and Sapper, Joerg

Subjects
Nuclear fusion -- Research, Superconducting magnets -- Research, Electrical equipment and supplies industry -- Research, Plasma confinement -- Research, Electrical engineering, Power supply, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Conferences, meetings and seminars
Abstract

A protection system capable of rapidly reducing current in coils is needed for WENDELSTEIN 7-X (W7-X), a superconducting fusion experiment under construction at the Greifswald facility of the Max Planck Institut fur Plasmaphysik (IPP), in Germany. The solution that has been selected is described.

Published
2002

22. Spark Detection and Search for High-Voltage Paschen Leaks in a Large Superconducting Coil System

Author

Baldzuhn, Juergen, primary, Risse, Konrad, additional, Schauer, Felix, additional, Volzke, Olaf, additional, Wegener, Lutz, additional, Werner, Andreas, additional, Weise, Michael, additional, Bosch, Hans Stephan, additional, Gallowski, Kirk, additional, Grote, Heinz, additional, Klinger, Thomas, additional, Kopplin, Christian, additional, Nagel, Michael, additional, Rummel, Kerstin, additional, and Rummel, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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25. Spark Detection and Search for High-Voltage Paschen Leaks in a Large Superconducting Coil System

Author

Baldzuhn, Juergen, primary, Bosch, Hans Stephan, additional, Gallowski, Kirk, additional, Grote, Heinz, additional, Klinger, Thomas, additional, Kopplin, Christian, additional, Nagel, Michael, additional, Rummel, Kerstin, additional, Rummel, Thomas, additional, Risse, Konrad, additional, Schauer, Felix, additional, Volzke, Olaf, additional, Wegener, Lutz, additional, Werner, Andreas, additional, and Weise, Michael, additional

Published
2018
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30. Wendelstein 7-X–Commissioning of the Superconducting Magnet System

Author

Risse, Konrad, primary, Birus, Dietrich, additional, Bosch, Stephan, additional, Bykov, Victor, additional, Carls, Andre, additional, Dhard, Chandra P., additional, Fellinger, Joris, additional, Monnich, Thomas, additional, Nagel, Michael, additional, Otte, Matthias, additional, Rummel, Thomas, additional, and Schneider, Matthias, additional

Published
2016
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33. The Wendelstein 7-X Trim Coil System

Author

Rummel, Thomas, primary, Neilson, Hutch, additional, Risze, Konrad, additional, Fullenbach, Frank, additional, Koppen, Matthias, additional, Kiszlinger, Johann, additional, Brown, Tom, additional, Hatcher, Ron, additional, Langish, Stephen, additional, and Mardenfeld, Mike, additional

Published
2014
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37. The Superconducting Magnet System of the Stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Rummel, Thomas, primary, Ribe, Konrad, additional, Ehrke, Gunnar, additional, Rummel, Kerstin, additional, John, Andre, additional, Monnich, Thomas, additional, Buscher, Klaus-Peter, additional, Fietz, Walter H., additional, Heller, Reinhard, additional, Neubauer, Olaf, additional, and Panin, Anatoly, additional

Published
2012
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38. The superconducting magnet system of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Rummel, Thomas, primary, Risse, Konrad, additional, Ehrke, Gunnar, additional, Rummel, Kerstin, additional, John, Andre, additional, Monnich, Thomas, additional, Buscher, Klaus-Peter, additional, Fietz, Walter, additional, Heller, Reinhard, additional, Neubauer, Olaf, additional, and Panin, Anatoly, additional

Published
2011
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41. The Trim Coils for the Wendelstein 7-X Magnet System.

Author

Rummel, Thomas, Risze, Konrad, Kiszlinger, Johann, Koppen, Matthias, Fullenbach, Frank, Neilson, Hutch, Brown, Tom, and Ramakrishnan, Subrahmanya

Subjects
*SUPERCONDUCTORS, *COILS (Magnetism), *FUSION reactor divertors, *FUSION reactors, *POWER resources
Abstract

The magnet system of the fusion experiment Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) consists of superconducting as well as normal conducting coils. 50 non planar superconducting coils are forming the main field, 20 planar superconducting coils allow varying the shape of the plasma. Inside of the plasma vessel 10 normal conducting control coils will be placed to modify the strike points of the plasma at the divertor. In addition a set of five normal conducting trim coils has been designed to allow the correction of error fields and to increase the experimental flexibility. The coils will be placed at the outer surface of the outer vessel of W7-X. Four out of five coils have identical size and shape. They have dimensions of 3.5 \times 3.3 meters with 48 turns and will be operated with currents of up to 1.8 kA. The other coil type has a smaller size of 2.8 \times 2.2 meters, but a higher number of turns and a higher operating current of 1.95 kA. Both types of trim coils will be made of square copper hollow profile with an integrated cooling channel. Five independent power supplies will be used to energize the coils. The present concept is based on four-quadrant power supplies. The control system will allow the local control as well as the remote control of the five power supplies from an external control room. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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42. Acceptance Test of the First Power Supply and Protection System Module for W7-X.

Author

Rummel, Thomas and Mönnich, Thomas

Subjects
*POWER resources, *SUPERCONDUCTORS, *TOROIDAL magnetic circuits, *ELECTROMAGNETISM, *MAGNETIC fields, *ELECTRONICS
Abstract

The superconducting magnet system of the WENDELSTEIN 7-X (W7-X) experiment consists of 50 non-planar and 20 planar coils which are connected in series in seven groups of ten coils each. In order to be able to vary the magnetic configuration the five groups of non-planar coils and two groups of planar coils will be powered individually resulting in seven independent power supplies. It is necessary to equip each of the seven power supplies for the superconducting coils with a protection system to avoid overheating of the coils in case of a quench. The paper describes the design of the power supplies and the protection system for W7-X and gives a detailed description of the acceptance tests of the first module of the power supply and protection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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43. Progress Towards Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Rummel, Thomas

Abstract

AbstractThe Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) experimental device is presently being built at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Greifswald, Germany.The modularity of the machine is achieved using five identical modules which form a torus of 16 meters outer diameter. Each module consists of a plasma vessel, ten non-planar main field coils, four planar coils and an outer vessel sector with ports. To achieve steady-state operation, the coils are superconducting. Two different plasma heating systems, ECRH and NBI, are planned for the first operation phase of W7-X.Module-based assembly is a new approach for large fusion machines. There are three main assembly steps of the core machine. First, half-modules are assembled from a plasma vessel section, five non-planar and two planar coils and related support structures. In the second step, two half-modules are connected to form a module. Then the five modules are connected, after which the outer vessel is closed.The paper reports on about the latest progress in assembly, highlighting the most challenging tasks, describes future work leading to the start of W7-X commissioning in 2014.

Published
2013
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44. CD28 Costimulation Is Required for the Expression of T-Cell-Dependent Cell-Mediated Immunity against Blood-Stage Plasmodium chabaudiMalaria Parasites

Author

Rummel, Thomas, Batchelder, Joan, Flaherty, Patrick, LaFleur, GayeLyn, Nanavati, Payal, Burns, James M., and Weidanz, William P.

Abstract

ABSTRACTMice suppress the parasitemia of acute blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudimalaria by an antibody- or T-cell-dependent cell-mediated mechanism of immunity (AMI and CMI, respectively) or by both mechanisms. To determine whether CD28 costimulation is required for expression of these polar immune responses, we first compared the time courses of P. chabaudimalaria in CD28-deficient (CD28−/−) and CD28-intact (CD28+/+) mice. Acute infections in both knockout (KO) and control mice followed similar time courses, with the period of descending parasitemia being prolonged ∼2 weeks in KO mice followed by intermittent low-grade chronic parasitemia. Infected CD28−/−mice produced primarily the immunoglobulin M antibody, which upon passive transfer provided partial protection against P. chabaudichallenge, suggesting that the elimination of blood-stage parasites by CD28−/−mice was achieved by AMI. To determine whether CD28−/−costimulation is required for the expression of CMI against the parasite, we compared the time courses of parasitemia in B-cell-deficient double-KO (JH−/−× CD28−/−) mice and control (JH−/−× CD28+/+) mice. Whereas control mice suppressed parasitemia to subpatent levels within ∼2 weeks postinoculation, double-KO mice developed high levels of parasitemia of long-lasting duration. Although not required for the suppression of acute P. chabaudiparasitemia by AMI, CD28 costimulation is essential for the elimination of blood-stage parasites by CMI.

Published
2004
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45. CD28 costimulation is required for the expression of T-cell-dependent cell-mediated immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria parasites.

Author

Rummel T, Batchelder J, Flaherty P, LaFleur G, Nanavati P, Burns JM, and Weidanz WP

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan immunology, B-Lymphocytes cytology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, CD28 Antigens genetics, Female, Gene Deletion, Immune Sera immunology, Immunity, Cellular immunology, Immunization, Passive, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interferon-gamma immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Parasitemia immunology, Parasitemia parasitology, Spleen cytology, Spleen immunology, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha immunology, CD28 Antigens metabolism, Malaria immunology, Malaria parasitology, Plasmodium chabaudi immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism
Abstract

Mice suppress the parasitemia of acute blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria by an antibody- or T-cell-dependent cell-mediated mechanism of immunity (AMI and CMI, respectively) or by both mechanisms. To determine whether CD28 costimulation is required for expression of these polar immune responses, we first compared the time courses of P. chabaudi malaria in CD28-deficient (CD28(-/-)) and CD28-intact (CD28(+/+)) mice. Acute infections in both knockout (KO) and control mice followed similar time courses, with the period of descending parasitemia being prolonged approximately 2 weeks in KO mice followed by intermittent low-grade chronic parasitemia. Infected CD28(-/-) mice produced primarily the immunoglobulin M antibody, which upon passive transfer provided partial protection against P. chabaudi challenge, suggesting that the elimination of blood-stage parasites by CD28(-/-) mice was achieved by AMI. To determine whether CD28(-/-) costimulation is required for the expression of CMI against the parasite, we compared the time courses of parasitemia in B-cell-deficient double-KO (J(H)(-/-) x CD28(-/-)) mice and control (J(H)(-/-) x CD28(+/+)) mice. Whereas control mice suppressed parasitemia to subpatent levels within approximately 2 weeks postinoculation, double-KO mice developed high levels of parasitemia of long-lasting duration. Although not required for the suppression of acute P. chabaudi parasitemia by AMI, CD28 costimulation is essential for the elimination of blood-stage parasites by CMI.

Published
2004
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