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Asparagus merupakan tanaman dari golongan hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi pada kancah global maupun nasional. Tanaman asparagus di Indonesia merupakan jenis varietas dari hasil introduksi negara yang berada di kawasan subtropis, hal ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman asparagus tidak dapat optimal di Indonesia. Selain itu, kondisi suhu dan kelembaban yang tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan tanaman asparagus rentan terserang oleh penyakit dan hama. Desa Cigunungsari belum lama melakukan budidaya tanaman asparagus sehingga banyak masalah yang terjadi. Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) adalah hama utama yang menyerang asparagus di Desa Cigunungsari sehingga mengakibatkan adanya penurunan pada jumlah panen serta kualitas asparagus, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Upaya yang dilakukan yaitu melakukan sosialisasi pestisida nabati dari limbah kulit bawang merah kepada masyarakat Desa Cigunungsari. Ulat grayak memiliki sifat yang polifag sehingga memungkinkan untuk menyerang tanaman lain. Pembuatan pestisida nabati cukup mudah dilakukan, yakni merendam kulit bawang dengan toples berisi air. Rendaman tersebut kemudian ditutup rapat dan difermentasi selama 48 jam sebelum diaplikasikan. Pestisida nabati ini masih belum dapat dinyatakan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak. Stadia telur merupakan stadia yang dilaporkan petani berhasil dikendalikan serta pestisida ini bersifat repelen bagi semut.

Suheri M, Haneda NF, Anwar R, Jung Y, Sukeno S, Park J. 2022. Population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) on Eucalyptus pellita plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5782-5789. The red coffee borer, Zeuzera spp. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) damage to Eucalyptus pellita forests was one of the problems in the forestry sector. The population dynamic of these insects is monitored and surveyed on E. pellita at PT Korintiga Hutani. The present study aimed to analyze the contributing factors of Zeuzera spp. damage to E. pellita plantation and observe the population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. using pheromone traps. The survey results showed that the accumulated damage in planting block 5 was more serious (29%) than in planting block 6 (9%). The impact of the multi-regression analysis indicates that the main factors affecting the damage are the location and age of the plantation. At the same time, the E. pellita clonal difference is minor compared to those two factors. The damage is more severe and occurs at an older age of plantations. The population dynamics of Zeuzera spp. observed in E. pellita plantation showed a peak flight trend in October, followed by a reasonably high population presence from late May to early June. This information could be a primary consideration for these insect pest need to control the significant damage to E. pellita trees and determine the management of Zeuzera spp. based on the timing of larvae infestation in the upcoming after-peak flight.

Russianzi W, Anwar R, Triwidodo H. 2021. Biostatistics of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in maize plants in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3463-3469. Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive species that has become important pest of maize in Indonesia since 2019. This research was aimed to study the biology and demographic statistics of FAW in maize at Bogor. Daily observations of 132 FAW individuals from egg to death were carried out as the basis for compiling biology and life table. The demographic statistics of FAW were calculated using the Jackknife approach from the basic life table data. ImagoFAW actives at night. Mating activity occurs between 06.00 pm – 04.00 am, while egg-laying activity occurs between 06.00 pm-10.00 pm. Most hatching occurs between 00.00 am - 02.00 am. FAW has 6 larvae instars and there is no difference in stage between larvae that develop into male and female, which is around 15 days. The male pupae stage was longer than the female pupae, 8.78 ± 0.12 days and 7.81 ± 0.15 days. Male and female imagoes have the same life cycle, which is about 10 days. The life cycle of FAW was 32.26 ± 0.41 days, with a preoviposition period of 2.56 ± 0.45 days. Fecundity of FAW reaches 1012.62 ± 99.12 eggs per female imago. The population of FAW in Bogor has an intrinsic growth rate of 0.154 ± 0.001 individuals/day, with gross reproduction rate of 0.154 ± 0.001 individuals per generation, and net reproduction rate of 104.781 ± 0.155 individuals per imago per generation and a generation time of 30.114 ± 0.002 days.

Helopeltis sp. has been known as one of major pests on tea, cacao and cashew plantation. Recently, genus Helopeltis is also reported attack Acacia plantation in Sumatra and Kalimantan. For such extensive plantation, low cost biocontrol agents like entomopathogenic fungi are choosen because of the simplicity for mass production. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii against Helopeltis sp. Both fungi that were used in this study were obtained from IPB Insect Pathology Laboratory. The tested insect, Helopeltis sp. was collected from Gunung Mas tea plantation. The insects were reared in laboratory. Four level of conidial density, 109, 108, 107, 106 conidia/ mL were applied to Helopeltis adult (B. bassiana) and 3rdinstar nymph (L. lecanii). Daily mortality was observed until seven days post treatment. The result showed that L. lecanii at 106 conidia/mL caused 96.25% mortality of 3rd instar nymph of Helopeltis sp. with the LC50 value at two days observation was 1.03 x 106 conidia/ mL, LT50 was 1.198 days and LT95 was 5.25 days. On the other hand, B. bassiana at 106 conidia/ mL caused 81.25%. mortality of adult Helopeltis sp. while 100% mortality could be attained by using 108 conidia/ mL. The LC50 of B. bassiana was 3.2 x 104 conidia/ mL, at four days observation and LT50 was 4.214 days. The two fungi were thus judged effective against Helopeltis sp. in this bio assay.Key words: Beauveria bassiana, conidia, density, Helopeltis sp., Lecanicillium lecanii, mortality.

Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important agricultural pests because it has a high reproductive rate and resulted in economic losses. One of the H. armigera control techniques that is in accord with IPM principle is the utilizing of entomopathogenic fungus. The aim of this research was to test the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium (Lecanicillium sp. PTN01) against H. armigera. Pathogenicity test was conducted by conidia application of Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 on both the larvae and eggs at density of 105, 106, 107 conidia/ml. The control group was only treated with steril water. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular identification Lecanicillium sp. PTN01. The results showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 able to inhibit egg hatching 13.75%, and cause mortality of first instar larval survival 98.75%. The result of virulence test to the highest larval mortality at 107 conidia/ml density was 41,25%, with the values of LT25, 50, 75 were 3.95, 7.12, 12.82 (days) and LC25, 50, 75 were 4.6 x 105, 1.7 x 106, 4.6 x 109 (conidia/ml). The DNA sequence analysis of ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 was similar to fungus species L. kalimantanense strain BTCC F23 with 94% homology.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chemical substance that can bind the heavy metal and other toxic compounds so it is suitable to use for protecting sperm during preservation at 3-5°C. The research aimed to evaluate the role of EDTA to maintain the quality of Garut ram sperm in low-temperature preservation. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina. Fresh semen was evaluated and divided into 3 tubes and diluted with tris extender contain 20% egg yolk (TEY) without EDTA (T1), TEY+0.01% EDTA (T2) and TEY+0.02% EDTA (T 3). Semen was evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically before preserved in a refrigerator at 3-5°C. During storage, semen was also evaluated on daily basis (four consecutive days) that included variables relate to sperm motility (SM), sperm viability (SV), sperm membrane integrity (SMI) and sperm acrosome intact (SAI). The research design used was Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and five replications. Differences between treatments were tested with the least significant difference test. The results showed that the average of each variable gained of fresh semen was 0.88mL for volume, cream for color, thick for consistency and 7 for pH. While the mass movement of sperm was +++ and sperm concentration was 3,962 million cells/mL. The average percentages of SM, SV, abnormality, SMI, and SAI were 75.00%, 86.60%, 4.80%, 84.40%, and 84.80%, respectively. On the day-4 of storage, percentages of SM, SV, SMI, and SAI in control (T1) decreased to 48.75%, 66.25%, 64.75%, and 63.5%, respectively, but still met the requirement of sperm quality for artificial insemination purposes. Moreover, there was no significant difference between T2 (45.00%, 65.00%, 63.25% and 65.25%) and T3 (40.00%, 65.67%, 60.75% and 62.50%) of those variables measured. Finally, it was concluded that the addition of EDTA in Tris extender could maintain the quality of Garut ram sperm.

The occurrence of a new invasive pest species of corn, the fall armywormsSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Indonesia is reported. Survey in 3 provinces in Indonesia: West Sumatera, Banten and West Java were conducted from March to June 2019. The first record of this pest was in 26 March 2019 in West Sumatera. Larvae were collected from each of those locations and field symptoms of damage on corn in the field were observed. Larvae were brought to and reared individually in Insect Biosystematics Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Identification of fall armyworm employed morphological and molecular analysis. Identification of the larva based on morphological characters of larvae from 3 provinces confirmed the identity of the pest. The pest as fall armyworms, while the molecular analysis indicated that Banten samples belonged to the ‘rice strain’. Collected larvae from Banten were infected byMetarhizium rileyi. The infested plants in the field showed the typical damage symptoms caused by the fall armyworm.

Incidence of infection by Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Batko in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was monitored biweekly during the summer of 2002 in a cotton field in Bamberg County, SC. (33°22′02″N, 81°12′14″W). Five treatments were evaluated to determine the effects of insecticides on incidence of N. fresenii: acetamiprid, dicrotophos, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and control. Aphids were sampled by taking 24 leaves from 12 cotton plants from each plot and placed into 30-ml screw cap vials filled with 70% ethanol. Fungus infection in aphids, numbers of aphids, percentage of winged aphids, and fungus infection in winged aphids were determined from aphids for each plot. The highest fungus infection occurred on July 12 and 16. Acetamiprid treated plots had infection levels of N. fresenii lower than other treatments. Cotton aphid numbers in acetamiprid and thiamethoxam plots were significantly lower than in the dicrotophos treatment and untreated plots. None of the treatments caused reduc...

Hirsutella citriformis merupakan salah satu jamur entomopatogen potensial untuk wereng batang cokelat (WBC), tetapi belum banyak dimanfaatkan karena konidianya sulit diperbanyak sehingga perlu dicari propagul alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi isolat H. citriformis yang menginfeksi WBC dan menguji efektivitas miselianya sebagai alternatif inokulum konidia dalam pengendalian biologis WBC. Identifikasi Hirsutella dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan molekuler dan berdasarkan sekuen internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Konidia dan miselia pada berbagai konsentrasi diaplikasikan pada nimfa WBC instar 2–3 dengan cara penyemprotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan karakter morfologis, isolat jamur entomopatogen asal Bogor yang menyerang WBC di lapangan adalah H. citriformis. Salah satu isolat (Bgr 0716) telah diidentifikasi berdasarkan sekuen ITS dan terkonfirmasi sebagai H. citriformis. Aplikasi miselia isolat Bgr 0716 efektif mengendalikan WBC dengan nilai lethal time 50% (LT50) selama 13,3 hari, tidak jauh berbeda dari nilai LT50 konidia yang terjadi dalam waktu 12,8 hari. Nilai lethal concentration 50% (LC50) miselia sekitar 2,303 g/l, sedangkan nilai LC50 untuk aplikasi konidia adalah sebesar 2,5 × 105 konidia/ml. Dengan nilai LT50 dan LC50 yang relatif rendah tersebut, miselia layak untuk di-aplikasikan dalam skala luas karena produksinya lebih mudah dan cepat dibanding dengan produksi konidia. Oleh karena itu, miselia H. citriformis dapat menjadi propagul aktif sebagai alternatif konidia untuk pengembangan biopestisida efektif terhadap WBC.