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Mathematical problem-solving ability is a critical skill required to meet the challenges of the 21st century, making it imperative for Indonesian students to master these skills. However, international assessments have consistently shown that Indonesian students' competencies, particularly in mathematical problem-solving, remain low. Research attributes this deficiency to the lack of connections between mathematical concepts and real-life applications, which are essential for enhancing problem-solving skills. On the other hand, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a learning approach that emphasizes the integration of real-world contexts in learning activities and has been shown to improve these skills. Therefore, this study aims to develop a student worksheet based on the RME approach to enhance students' problem-solving abilities. The development process followed the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Various research and development instruments were employed, including validation by material and media experts, student assessments of the electronic worksheets, and pre-test and post-test evaluations. Data collection methods encompassed both non-test and test techniques. The results demonstrate that the developed student worksheets are valid, practical, and effective. The validity was confirmed by high average scores from material and media expert validators, categorizing the worksheets as valid. Practicality was supported by positive student assessments, placing the worksheets in the practical category. These findings indicate that the developed worksheets significantly enhance students' problem-solving abilities. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of the RME approach in improving mathematical problem-solving skills among Indonesian students. It also offers a theoretical and practical framework for advancing mathematics education in Indonesia, advocating for the adoption of learning approaches that better address the demands of the 21st century. Detailed analysis of the product's acceptability and impact will be discussed further in the paper.

Recognising the pivotal role of effective teaching practices in enhancing student learning outcomes, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has outlined a comprehensive framework of key strategies. However, empirical research on these practices remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent to which mathematics teachers apply NCTM-identified effective teaching practices and examine potential differences attributable to teachers' gender and teaching experience. Adopting a quantitative approach and employing a descriptive survey, the study systematically assessed eight designated practices using a validated observation checklist in the Jazan Education Administration, observing 38 mathematics teachers during routine classes. The results indicated a moderate level of implementation overall, with ten practices demonstrating high application. Statistical analyses found no significant differences in practice implementation based on gender or teaching experience at the .05 level. The limitations included the study's relatively small sample size, potentially limiting generalisability, and the observational nature of the checklist, which may not fully capture nuanced teaching dynamics. Future research could focus on developing training initiatives to enhance educators' application of NCTM-recommended practices and undertake qualitative inquiries to understand barriers to integration and teachers' attitudes towards these practices. Finally, this study contributes to the discourse on effective mathematics teaching by providing empirical insights into current practices and highlighting avenues for further investigation and professional development in educational settings.

The mission of positive psychology is to mitigate negative emotions while bolstering positive ones, thereby influencing student engagement in classroom learning activities, including mathematics. This study elucidates the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach within the framework of Islamic teachings—specifically, inheritance law and charity—in the context of fractions and number operations. Its objective is to alleviate mathematics anxiety, a prevalent negative emotion, and enhance well-being during mathematical learning. Drawing upon flow theory from positive psychology, the research endeavors to optimize mathematical well-being by crafting appropriately challenging questions. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, the study focuses on an Indonesian mother and her ten-year-old son, residing in Uithoorn, Amsterdam, Netherlands, belonging to minority groups in ethnicity and identity, with religion being a significant aspect of their lives. Data collection involves observation, interviews, tests, and documentation, with analysis employing data reduction, presentation, triangulation, and verification techniques. The study utilizes socio-religious problems as a context, one of the characteristics of RME, such as inheritance division, to design mathematical challenges. The findings demonstrate a marked transition from math anxiety to math well-being, manifested through heightened enthusiasm and cheerfulness in learning mathematics, particularly by the mother. Noteworthy transformations include increased engagement, generous gestures towards the teacher, and frequent smiling, contrasting with previous instances of math anxiety during learning sessions. Furthermore, the results indicate that RME facilitates comprehension of mathematical concepts and fosters understanding of the intersection between mathematics and Islamic life among minority groups, as detailed in this article.

Foundational mathematical concepts like ratios and proportions are indispensable for solving both everyday problems and those encountered in professional settings. However, many students need help to grasp and apply these concepts effectively, often due to ineffective teaching methods, variations in students' levels of comprehension, and shortcomings in existing learning models. Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges. This study aims to systematically review the literature on ratio and proportion learning design using RME and PMRI approaches. It focuses on three specific research inquiries: profiling the literature, analyzing employed learning designs, and identifying gaps and recommendations for further research in learning design development. Conducted through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research involved planning, implementing, and disseminating review results. One hundred forty-four documents were scrutinized, leading to the identification of 19 pertinent papers. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on learning design in the context of ratio, proportion, scale, and level, utilizing RME and PMRI approaches while highlighting research gaps and offering insights for future studies. Its findings hold significant implications for educators and researchers seeking to enhance mathematics education through RME and PMRI approaches.

Mathematical creative thinking skill often becomes the orientation of mathematics learning, aiming to enhance students’ creativity in mathematics. Recognizing that creativity encompasses the capacity for thinking creatively and creativity disposition is essential. Building on this conceptual foundation, the primary objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model illustrating the relationship between students' aptitude for mathematical creative thinking and their creative disposition. The research methodology employed in this study aligned with the framework of cause-and-effect analysis. The study cohort consisted of 36 students, carefully selected by a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments included a mathematical creative thinking ability assessment and a creative disposition scale. The data was analyzed using the Non-Recursive Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed the reciprocal cause-and-effect dynamic between mathematical creative thinking ability and creative disposition, exhibiting a mutually influential relationship with determination coefficients of 21.83% and 21.05%. This shows that mathematical creative thinking ability is better at explaining mathematical creative disposition than mathematical creative disposition explaining mathematical creative thinking ability, with a relatively small difference (0.78%). This study also concluded that an optimal approach to mathematics pedagogy entails a balanced and simultaneous focus on nurturing mathematical creative thinking ability and disposition.

The study material on circle areas is contextually oriented and aids students in comprehending their surrounding environment. Higher-order thinking skills are imperative for the success of circular learning, as they help students grasp concepts holistically and solve concept problems. "What-if" questions can enhance students' higher-order thinking skills through problem-solving activities, fostering critical and creative thinking. However, applying "what-if" questions is limited to serving as problem-posing triggers, resulting in minimal variation in the material. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning trajectory for the area of circles based on "what-if" questions to enhance students' higher-order thinking skills. This research also addresses the gap by utilizing "what-if" questions to construct and evaluate circle area learning activities. We employed design research as the research method, conducted in three stages: preliminary design, experimental design, and retrospective analysis. The results demonstrated that the designed learning trajectory enhanced higher-order thinking skills in various aspects. Students exhibited critical thinking and profound analysis when working on worksheets and addressing the provided problems. Moreover, students showcased creative and divergent thinking abilities, enabling them to generate alternative problem solutions. Furthermore, optimizing technology usage and emphasizing reasoning in learning should be augmented to enhance student motivation and foster innovative learning.

Several studies have highlighted the existence of demotivated teachers in schools. There are several demotivating factors that influence the decisions and commitment that a teacher can acquire. The literature review allows us to characterize the factors that different authors identify to explain teacher demotivation. This article aims to analyze some of the factors that influence mathematics teachers' demotivation and the evaluation of the degree of demotivation in relation to work environment, teaching autonomy, extrinsic values, and students. The information was collected from a questionnaire consisting of 24 items, which was given to 121 active Albanian teachers teaching at different levels of education. These data were analyzed using a quantitative methodology. The independent variables gender, teacher's age, qualification, pupils' age, and type of school are also considered to perform a multivariate analysis. From the results obtained, we can state that the factors that generate the greatest demotivation are textbooks, political conversion and corruption, aspects related to the curriculum, and the costs they must bear. In addition, school status, curriculum changes, meritocracy, material costs, autonomy, and research significantly explain the demotivation of public sector teachers. It highlights the need to seek structured responses aimed at regulating teaching careers.

This descriptive quantitative study explored secondary school students’ reasons for receiving or not receiving private mathematics tutoring. It also explored the prevalent teaching methods private mathematics tutors use. A questionnaire was adapted to collect data from 1,309 Year 7 to Year 12 students (ages 11 to 17 years) in three countries: Brunei, Indonesia, and Iraq. The results highlight that students may receive private mathematics tutoring to pass national examinations and improve examination scores. Teachers also adapt to teaching approaches that enable students to achieve these teaching and learning goals. This study provides an initial understanding of the common reasons and teaching methods used in private mathetics tutoring across different contexts that prioritise high-stakes examination culture. The results provide implications for how private mathematics tutoring can be used to support effective teaching and learning compared to the high-stakes reasons it seems it promotes. The results also accentuate the need for families and other stakeholders to reconsider private mathematics tutoring as an opportunity to remediate the challenges students encounter in their normal classroom instruction to improve student learning.

Nowadays, digital technologies are crucial in supporting students in geometry in secondary mathematics classrooms. However, in some cases, the role of visual function in technology was only utilized for seeing and conjecturing, not for experimenting, while to develop a relational understanding of geometry concepts, students should actively participate in the learning process. To address the issue, this study investigated how students learn geometry with digital technology assistance based on students' diversity in their mathematics abilities. A task with a dynamic geometry software called Techno-based Mathematical Tasks (TbMT) was designed to assist students in exploring geometrical activities and solving a problem through investigations on tessellation. This research employs educational design research and focuses on the preliminary design by conducting a pilot study on three students based on the diversity in their ability in mathematics classrooms, i.e., low, middle, and high. As part of data collection, we captured students' works to examine critical information in their responses based on their differences in abilities. We collected the data through online meetings and recorded the data. We analyzed students' work from the recording by capturing critical information. The results revealed that the TbMT might provide students with opportunities to learn by exploring tessellation activities that might contribute to students' understanding of geometry concepts. Due to the limited number of participants in this study, further research can be an opportunity to expand the number of participants to enhance the contribution to the literature with more comprehensive empirical evidence.

Mathematical communication is crucial in inclusive mathematics teaching and learning to convey mathematical symbols. However, teaching mathematical symbols to deaf students in inclusive classrooms has been a persistent challenge due to the lack of specialized sign language for mathematical expressions. Media, such as SPECOMATSO technology, can serve as a bridge to address this issue. This research focused on developing valid and practical SPECOMATSO technology to strengthen students’ literacy and facilitate the delivery of mathematical symbols, which previously posed difficulties for teachers in inclusive settings. The research combined the Alessi Trollip and V-waterfall models, encompassing seven development stages: analysis, design, implementation, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The research instruments included observation and interview guidelines, a product validation questionnaire, and a student response questionnaire. This study produces SPECOMATSO technology that is valid and practical for learning plane geometry and angles in mathematics. Although this development still needs improvement in fixative abilities, such as storage and editing functions, it is expected to strengthen digital literacy and stimulate mathematical communication among deaf students who face challenges related to their limited auditory capabilities.

The low ability of students to understand and transform the concept of reflection to solve everyday problems is the main problem with learning mathematics because the implementation of learning mathematics is mechanical. Mathematics is taught by conveying formulas practically without linking them to students' daily activities. For this reason, this study aims to design a reflection learning trajectory in the context of the Lipa Sabbe Bunga Caramming motif as a starting point in learning to help students understand reflection material for solving everyday problems. The method used in this study is design research, which consists of three stages: preliminary design, design trials, and retrospective analysis. The subjects of this study were 23 students in class VIII-A of SMP Negeri 1 Tanasitolo. The instruments used in this study were student activity sheets (LAS), learning achievement tests, and interview guidelines. Student activity data during learning were analyzed retrospectively, and learning outcomes data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study found that the learning trajectory of transformation geometry using the context of the lipa sabbe bunga caramming motif has four learning stages: (1) informal; (2) modes of; (3) modes of; and (4) formal. The learning stages can easily increase students' understanding of the concept of reflection. In the learning process, mathematical concepts are connected with daily habits, so students are enthusiastic and active in the learning process. This learning trajectory can assist teachers in optimizing learning so that students can easily understand the concept of reflection, equip them with critical thinking skills, and shape their character (cooperation, empathy, respect for others, awareness of social problems, a social spirit, and responsibility).

Equations are often used in mathematics and other subjects, which means that a media can teach students how to solve equations, particularly linear equations of two variables, or Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) as it is called in Indonesian, is needed. However, most teachers are still focused on developing the learning process and teaching materials rather than developing an application technology-based learning media. As we know that technology-based learning is currently the focus of teaching and learning activities in the digital era, especially learning after the pandemic. This study aimed to develop an application that can be a reference for teaching media in learning activities to improve students’ mathematical understanding and ability. The developed application is named, Integrated and Convenient Android-based Simulation or Simulasi Android Terpadu dan Nyaman, abbreviated as SANTUY. This development study with Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model, explained in detail in the paper, took seventy-five subjects consisting of six expert validators, nine users, and sixty students. The expert validators comprised three media experts and three material experts. The evaluation stage involved students from two groups, each consisting of thirty students. The results showed that the average percentage of the feasibility of the SANTUY SPLDV solution simulation-assisted application with differential learning nuance was 79.62%, which means the application is adequate. The level of usefulness of the SANTUY SPLDV solution simulation-assisted application with differential learning nuance was 86.11%, which is categorized as “excellent”. In addition, using the SANTUY SPLDV application had a direct positive influence on improving students’ mathematical understanding and ability.

Due to the poor instruction process during the Covid-19 Pandemic, especially in mathematics, students frequently need help with data literacy. To overcome these obstacles, they must improve their thinking skills. This study aims to enhance the quality of mathematics instruction, especially students' thinking skills, by implementing Lesson Study to develop sharing and jumping tasks. This qualitative descriptive research was conducted at one of the senior high schools and universities in Manokwari, West Papua, with their students as the research subject. The lesson study was implemented in two cycles through instruction at school and lectures at the university. The lesson study consists of three processes: plan, do, and see. The hypothetical learning trajectory was developed at the lesson design stage and then tested at the teaching-learning stage. The open class results were then analyzed during the reflection step to redesign the sharing and jumping tasks. The success of the research was determined through field notes taken from teachers and students. The frequency distribution table is used as the topic matter. The findings revealed that students' thinking skills developed, indicating they were more interested than in the previous teaching and learning process. The learning process was more exciting and enhanced conceptual comprehension. Because learning was communicable, students were more satisfied. They were more engaged and required further thought to comprehend the topic matter. Also, they produce a variety of responses, which is only feasible if they are capable of critical thought.

Applying critical thinking is an essential skill in the 21st century. However, teaching materials that do not facilitate students to improve these skills impact the achievement of learning objectives. Therefore, educators need appropriate teaching materials that encourage students to enhance their thinking skills. This study aims to develop teaching materials based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) to improve students’ critical thinking skills. The development model used is ADDIE consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation phases. The instruments used, consist of validated student worksheets based on material experts and media experts, pretest questions, posttest questions, and the practicality of student worksheets. The results showed that the student worksheets developed were feasible regarding validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validity of the student worksheets is indicated by the average score of two material expert validators and two media expert validators, each of which is in the good and excellent categories. The practicality of the student worksheets is denoted by the average value of student assessments included in the practical category. Then its effectiveness is shown by increasing students’ critical thinking skills after being given intervention using the student worksheets.

Representation in mathematics is essential as a basis for students to be able to understand and apply mathematical ideas. This study aims to describe how students produce different representations in solving word problems. In solving word problems, students make verbal–written representations, image representations, and symbol representations. This research uses a qualitative descriptive study involving 75 fifth-grade students at one of the private schools in Makassar, Indonesia. Setting and Participants: two subjects were chosen from 75 participants based on the completion of word problems that resulted in different representations, including verbal–written representations, picture representations, and symbol representations. The instruments used were word problems and interview sheets, although some other students only used one or two forms of mathematical representation. The results of this study indicate that, from the different representations produced that include verbal–written representations, image representations, and symbol representations, students carry out the process of translation, integration, solution, and evaluation until finding answers. In addition, other findings were students’ ‘mathematical literacy which immensely helped the students’ representation process in solving word problems. three forms of representation were found to be produced by students: verbal–written, image representation, and symbol representation. Furthermore, the three forms of representation were created through carrying out four representation processes, namely the processes of translation, integration, solution, and evaluation.

Financial literacy is a knowledge and attitude about finance and is a 21st-century skill. As a knowledge, a cognitive factor of a person will impact their financial literacy skill. Through a bibliometric analysis study of 274 documents published from 1994 to 2022 in the Scopus database, we found that mathematics literacy is the cognitive factor of one's financial literacy skill. The OECD and several studies offer intertwined concepts, financial literacy and mathematics, to be presented in the mathematics curriculum in primary and secondary schools. After we got the bibliometric results, we surveyed several junior high schools in Yogyakarta to learn more about this issue. A total of 15 mathematics teachers participated in this survey, randomly chosen in junior high school. We got information stating that mathematics teachers used financial terms as a social arithmetic context, did not teach financial knowledge and attitudes, and never heard 13 from 17 financial terms in the survey. Furthermore, we present a framework for implementing financial literacy in mathematics through three dimensions, content, context, and process. The dimension content consists of mathematics' and financial content. On the other hand, the dimension context is related to education and work, home and family, and individual and societal. As a cognitive process, the dimensions of the process are based on Bloom's Cognitive stages. The potential for future research is developing learning activities and implementing them in the independent curriculum, which impacts schools' ability to use project-based learning, which is the most approach to implementing financial literacy in mathematics classes.

In implementing Ethnomathematics-Realistic Mathematics Education (Ethno-RME), teaching mathematics correctly is needed through learning practices in teaching and learning activities. This pedagogical activity requires guidance in the form of a curriculum. So, the teacher can determine the ethnomathematics context as a starting point in teaching mathematics using Ethno-RME. Therefore, this paper focuses on constructing an Ethno-RME curriculum to guide teachers to apply Ethno-RME in their learning process. This research was collected data from a few relevant kinds of literature to build the Ethno-RME curriculum, such as literature about the D’Ambrosio trivium curriculum, the principles, and character of RME, and literature about the implementation of RME and Ethnomathematics in school. Then, the data were reviewed, criticized, and synthesized, which was done by integrating the ideas in the literature with the new ideas to form the new concept and formula for Ethno-RME curriculum. This study comprehensively explains the goal of Ethno-RME learning, Ethno-RME competencies, and the procedure of Ethno-RME learning. Its process consists of several steps: determining, exploring, processing, and finding mathematics in the ethnomathematics context. Furthermore, this procedure continues with conducting self-development models and critical reflection as an assessment.

Triclustering is a data mining method for grouping data based on similar characteristics. The main purpose of a triclustering analysis is to obtain an optimal tricluster, which has a minimum mean square residue (MSR) and a maximum tricluster volume. The triclustering method has been developed using many approaches, such as an optimization method. In this study, hybrid δ-Trimax particle swarm optimization was proposed for use in a triclustering analysis. In general, hybrid δ-Trimax PSO consist of two phases: initialization of the population using a node deletion algorithm in the δ-Trimax method and optimization of the tricluster using the binary PSO method. This method, when implemented on three-dimensional gene expression data, proved useful as a Motexafin gadolinium (MGd) treatment for plateau phase lung cancer cells. For its implementation, a tricluster that potentially consisted of a group of genes with high specific response to MGd was obtained. This type of tricluster can then serve as a guideline for further research related to the development of MGd drugs as anti-cancer therapy.

Abstrak Semakin berkembang pesatnya pengetahuan dan teknologi di abad 21 membawa tantangan besar bagi dunia pendidikan. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran mengikuti perkembangan teknologi dan harus mampu membantu siswa memahami konsep yang dipelajari dengan menggunakan konteks yang dekat dengan siswa. Khususnya di pendidikan matematika, pendekatan yang dapat digunakan yaitu pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang memiliki karakteristik yaitu menggunakan konteks yang dekat dengan siswa untuk memahamkan konsep matematika. Selain itu di abad 21 ini, kemampuan berpikir kritis menjadi sangat penting bagi peserta didik untuk dapat menghadapi permasalahan dalam realitas kehidupan. Hal tersebut tidak hanya bagi peserta didik biasa tetapi juga bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang media pembelajaran berbasis (RME) yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik tunarungu. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu berhasil dikembangkannya produk media pembelajaran berupa Math E-Comic dengan konteks ethnomathematics yaitu Cerita Rakyat Joko Kendil dan Si Gundul untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik tunarungu. Harapannya penelitian ini dapat menyumbangkan khazanah ilmu pengetahuan dalam dunia pendidikan matematika dan dapat menjadi referensi bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran dengan topik yang serupa. Kata kunci: Joko Kendil dan Si Gundul, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Math e-Comic, Realistics Mathematics Education, Siswa Tunarungu Abstract The rapid development of knowledge and technology in the 21st century brings significant challenges to education. Learning media used in learning follow technological developments and must help students understand the concepts being studied using contexts that are close to students. Especially in mathematics education, the approach that can be used is the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach which has the characteristic of using a context close to students to understand mathematical concepts. In addition, in the 21st century, critical thinking skills are fundamental for students to face problems in the realities of life. This is not only for ordinary students but also for students with special needs. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning-based media (RME) that can develop the critical thinking skills of deaf students. The results of this research are the successful development of learning media products in the form of Math E-Comic with an ethnomathematics context, namely the Folklore of Joko Kendil and Si Gundul, to develop critical thinking skills of deaf students. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the treasures of knowledge in mathematics education and can be a reference for further researchers to develop learning media with similar topics. Keywords: Joko Kendil and Si Gundul, Critical Thinking Skills, Math e-Comic, Realistic Mathematics Education, Deaf Students

The COVID-19 pandemic has made researchers from various fields make fundamental contributions according to their expertise. One of which is in the education field. The field has created research results and published them in reputable journals to increase the readability for the community. The published researches provide an overview of the challenges of teaching and learning activities during the pandemic and the solutions offered. This study presents the analysis results using the Bibliometrix R-Package on 950 data sourced from the Scopus database during the years 1990-2022. The analysis and visualization results show contributors at various levels, including authors, institutions, and countries, as opportunities to open collaboration between researchers and institutions. In addition, the study also identified several keywords that can be used as an essential point to determine the novelty or direction of future research. Finally, this study contributes as a roadmap to potential research opportunities and significant implications for future education practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field.

A tambourine is one of the musical instruments commonly used in Islam. It is also used in an extracurricular activity in various schools so that many students are familiar with the instrument, making it relevant for learning mathematics. Furthermore, there is an approach to learning mathematics called Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME), where students start the learning with contexts close to their lives. This study aims to design a learning trajectory using the IRME approach with a tambourine context to support students' understanding of circles. This learning progresses from the informal stage to the formal through the IRME approach. The study applied design research with three stages: preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. The research subjects were 19 six-grade students in one of the elementary schools in Balangan, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The instruments used were videos to observe the learning process and how students work on the questions given, photos to reference students’ work, and a test in a student worksheet to obtain data on students’ work. The results reveal the learning trajectory practised using the tambourine as the context seen in the student's daily activities. The learning trajectory consists of four events: assembling the tambourine, drawing an illustration of the tambourine, listing the parts of a circle, and solving a problem related to the parts of the circle. In addition, this study also shows that learning trajectory activities have essential roles in supporting students' understanding of the concept of a circle.

Teaching and learning activities are carried out online during the pandemic situation. This condition makes the teaching and learning process in the classroom requires teaching materials that can support the learning process. However, some teachers still use teaching materials commonly used during face-to-face learning, which is irrelevant for offline learning. Therefore, teachers need alternative interactive teaching materials that can facilitate online learning. This study aims to produce teaching materials in an interactive e-module based on the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach with the content of number pattern that is valid, practical, and have potentially affected the eight-grade students' mathematical literacy skills. The research method used is design research with type of development studies which include two main stages, namely the preliminary design and the formative evaluation. The data collection instruments used were content and media expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and pretest and posttest questions to measure mathematical literacy skills. This research produces an RME-based e-module on number pattern material that is valid, practical, and potentially affects mathematical literacy skills. The results showed that the e-module was valid in content and media quality with very good criteria. Next, the e-module has also been practical from assessing student responses with good criteria. Finally, the e-module can potentially improve students' mathematical literacy skills, which is indicated by the increase in students' mathematical literacy skills after learning to use the e-module. In addition, the e-module developed in this study contributes as alternative teaching material for teachers in the online learning system.

Mathematical creative thinking skill often becomes the orientation of mathematics learning, aiming to enhance students' creativity in mathematics. Recognizing that creativity encompasses the capacity for thinking creatively and creativity disposition is essential. Building on this conceptual foundation, the primary objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model illustrating the relationship between students' aptitude for mathematical creative thinking and their creative disposition. The research methodology employed in this study aligned with the framework of cause-and-effect analysis. The study cohort consisted of 36 students, carefully selected by a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments included a mathematical creative thinking ability assessment and a creative disposition scale. The data was analyzed using the Non-Recursive Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed the reciprocal cause-and-effect dynamic between mathematical creative thinking ability and creative disposition, exhibiting a mutually influential relationship with determination coefficients of 21.83% and 21.05%. This shows that mathematical creative thinking ability is better at explaining mathematical creative disposition than mathematical creative disposition explaining mathematical creative thinking ability, with a relatively small difference (0.78%). This study also concluded that an optimal approach to mathematics pedagogy entails a balanced and simultaneous focus on nurturing mathematical creative thinking ability and disposition.

Current research indicates the presence of highly skilled and motivated students with robust computational thinking backgrounds seeking opportunities to leverage their expertise in driving innovation and success in this era. These studies also reveal that students' computational thinking skills vary widely depending on educational resources, curriculum emphasis, and individual aptitude. Nonetheless, there is a growing recognition of the importance of fostering these skills, with efforts underway to integrate them more comprehensively into education systems worldwide, including in Indonesia and Japan, as representatives of developing and developed countries. Therefore, assessing the competency of computational thinking in these two countries would be intriguing. The descriptive qualitative research method was employed to delineate the computational thinking competencies of students in Indonesia and Japan. Student worksheets, specifically designed for this purpose, were utilized to gauge the development of these competencies during the learning process using the Scratch application. The results revealed that students employed various strategies in solving the given geometry problems. On the other hand, geometry is one of the mathematics topics that can identify students' computational thinking using this application. These findings were utilized to categorize students' computational thinking skills in the two countries and to identify potential obstacles students experienced in their efforts to enhance these skills. Nevertheless, these constraints offer significant insights into potential areas for future investigation and enhancement. Subsequent endeavors could prioritize conducting experiments by implementing specific learning approaches or methods that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving students' computational thinking skills. This study not only underscores the potential for expanding research on students' computational thinking skills but also provides an overview of the learning process, learning culture, and students' competence in solving geometry problems with tiered difficulty levels using their computational thinking skills.

Geometry is one of the essential mathematics materials, such as square and rectangle. However, most elementary school students experience difficulty in understanding it due to the abstractness of the geometric material. Furthermore, teachers teaching in the remote areas of Indonesia still encounter problems exploring this abstract material to make students understand caused by the limited learning resources. On the other hand, students in remote areas are familiar with traditional games, such as Macanan. Hence, the objective of this study is to design learning activities utilizing Macanan game in assisting students understand the concept of the perimeter and area of squares and rectangles for fourth-grade students. A design research approach was implemented and performed at one of the elementary schools in Jambi, Indonesia. The research results presented that Macanan could be a context for a starting point in this learning design of both square and rectangular learning. Employing this context, it would be fun, enjoyable, and easy to understand the perimeter and area of squares and rectangles for students. This game could be a context for teachers in remote areas in teaching geometry and be a reference for identifying other contexts which can make mathematics learning easy in remote areas.

Sejumlah penelitian terkait implementasi pembelajaran matematika pada anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia dan terpublikasi dalam jurnal-jurnal nasional terakreditasi. Namun, belum ada survei artikel mengenai penelitian-penelitian implementasi pembelajaran matematika pada ABK di Indonesia. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan seluruh penelitian tersebut ke dalam beberapa kategori yang berhubungan dengan penelitian implementasi pembelajaran matematika pada ABK di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang digunakan untuk mengindentifikasi, mengkaji, mengevaluasi, dan menafsirkan penelitian-penelitian pada topik implementasi pembelajaran matematika pada ABK di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan berasal dari 17 artikel yang terdapat dalam 13 jurnal pendidikan matematika yang telah terakreditasi oleh Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia pada kategori Sinta 1 dan 2. Hasil penelitian ini mengelompokkan seluruh artikel yang di analisis ke dalam lima kategori, yaitu subjek, jenjang pendidikan, materi, kemampuan siswa, dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian-penelitian tersebut. Hasil ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan informasi yang komprehensif terkait tren penelitian implementasi pembelajaran matematika pada ABK di Indonesia, sehingga nantinya dapat menjadi rekomendasi dan ide awal dalam penelitian implementasi pembelajaran matematika bagi ABK selanjutnya. Abstract Several studies related to implementing mathematics learning in Children with Special Needs have been widely carried out in Indonesia and published in accredited national journals. However, there has been no article survey on research on mathematics learning for children with special needs in Indonesia. Thus, the purpose of this study is to classify all of these studies into several categories related to research on the implementation of mathematics learning in children with special needs in Indonesia. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, which is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret research on implementing mathematics learning for children with special needs in Indonesia. The data used comes from seventeen articles contained in thirteen mathematics education journals that have been accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia in the Sinta 1 and 2 categories. The results of this study grouped all analyzed articles into five categories, such as subject, level of education, topic, student abilities, and research methods used in these studies. It also contributes comprehensive information about research trends in implementing mathematics learning for children with special needs in Indonesia. Later, they can become recommendations and initial ideas in research on implementing mathematics teaching and learning for children with special needs.

The educational revolution has posed an immense challenge to the world of education. It demands the development of a generation that can take on the challenges and changes bred by the ever-rapid revolution. It is thus inevitable that education must enable improvements of individual hard skills and soft skills that are required to keep up with such changes, including mathematical hard skills and soft skills. The problem is that not all mathematics learning approaches, particularly in the case of Indonesia, are capable of such improvements and of answering to such demands, challenges, and changes that are posed by the revolution. This research seeks to build a theoretical framework out of a systematic analysis based on various pieces of literature that are relevant and fitting to the theoretical framework under development. In this study, a theoretical framework on humanist ethno-metaphorical mathematics learning is developed as a theoretical foundation. This theory is designed for creating a humanist mathematics learning approach based on ethnomathematics and metaphorical thinking to develop students’ mathematical hard skills and soft skills and thus enable them to deal with the current and future problems and changes.

One of indicators to determine the quality of a journal can be observed from how many indexing institutions recognized it nationally and globally, such as Sinta, Scopus, and ScimagoJR. Furthermore, the rank of a journal in the indexing institution will add more value to the reputation of a journal. However, few journal editors are willing to share their experiences in managing a journal, from the beginning to getting recognition at the international level. Thus, this article describes the journey of the first journal in the mathematics education field from Indonesia called the Journal on Mathematics Education (JME), which is globally recognized and indexed on Scopus. JME's journey to gain global recognition is narrated in a structured way, starting from the history of journal formation, recognition at the local level, strategies to get authors from various countries, promotional activities to get credit, until finally getting a global position. In addition, this article also describes many contributions from world-class Mathematics Education researchers who have published their research results in JME. Finally, this article also describes the position of JME at national and international levels based on the data of several indexing institutes and JME's future targets.

Several Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) research articles published in Indonesia have contributed to PISA research development in Indonesia, with mathematics as one of the PISA domains. However, there is no research to categorize the PISA research article to give future PISA researchers essential information. Therefore, this study aims to organize PISA research in Indonesia in the period 2016-2020. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The SLR method identifies, analyzes, evaluates, and categorizes specific topics related to PISA research in Indonesia. The research data comes from 27 articles published in thirteen accredited journals in the Sinta 1 and Sinta 2 category by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia as an achievement for review journals, which have excellent management and publication quality. The findings indicated that nine categories were identified in this study, including the PISA articles dominance, the development of PISA model math problems, PISA research and subjects, the research methods, the content and context, students' abilities, and the level of the questions. Lastly, this research contribution also is intended to guide future PISA researchers in determining PISA research trends and the following PISA research opportunities in Indonesia.

Indonesia has many cultures that can be used as a starting point in learning mathematics. Yet, many teachers still use conventional methods to provide explicit mathematical content without connecting with students' culture and daily activities. One of the learning approaches that can solve these problems is Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). This approach uses context as one of its characteristics containing students' culture and their daily activities. On the other hand, Wayang (Indonesian shadow puppets) and Mahabharata stories have the characteristics that can be a context in the learning of set. This research aims to design the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) of the set using the RME approach through Wayang and Mahabharata stories, which are familiar with students' culture in Yogyakarta. This HLT will then be tested on students in further research until it becomes the Local Instructional Theory (LIT) on set. Students can study about set by grouping Wayang in Mahabharata stories based on their characters. The research result is the HLT of set through the context of wayang and Mahabharata stories containing learning goals, learning activities, and the conjecture of every activity. This HLT can be a promising solution to overcome students' difficulties in understanding the concept of sets and values in the cultural context to improve the students' character.

Slow Learner students often have difficulty understanding mathematics content, one of which is direct and inverse proportion. This study aims to improve the student's understanding of the direct and inverse proportion material using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. The research subject in this study was a single subject, namely Slow Learner student who studied in seventh grade in one of the Junior High School in Bantul district, Yogyakarta Special Region. This study used the Single Subject Research method with an A-B design. Researchers collected the data in this study through audio documentation, photos, videos, and written documentation. The data were then analyzed using analysis in conditions and between conditions. The results showed that students had an average score of learning outcomes that was 32 before being given intervention and had an average score of 78 after being given an intervention to implement learning with the CTL approach. This result shows that using the CTL approach can improve the understanding of Slow Learner student in understanding the direct and inverse proportion and minimizing the learning difficulties of Slow Learning student during teaching and learning activities.

Measuring teachers' skills and competencies is necessary to ensure teacher quality and contribute to education quality. Research has shown teachers competencies and skills influence students’ performances. Previous studies explored teachers’ knowledge through testing. Teachers' knowledge of the topic of area-perimeter and teaching strategies has been assessed through testing. In general, items or tasks to assess mathematics teacher knowledge in the previous studies were dominated by subject matter knowledge problems. Thus, it seems that the assessment has not fully covered the full range of teacher knowledge and competencies. In this study, the researchers investigated mathematics teachers’ Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS) through lesson plans developed by the teachers. To accommodate the gap in the previous studies, this study focuses on KCS on the topic of area-perimeter through their designed lesson plans. Twenty-nine mathematics teachers attended a professional development activity voluntarily participated in this study. Two teachers were selected to be the focus of this case study. Content analysis of the lesson plan and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and then data were analyzed. It revealed that the participating teachers were challenged when making predictions of students' possible responses. They seemed unaware of the ordinary students' strategies used to solve maximizing area from a given perimeter. With limited knowledge of students' possible strategies and mistakes, these teachers were poorly prepared to support student learning.

Learning mathematics has a significant contribution to the students’ daily activities, one of which is on social arithmetic topic. The implementation of social arithmetic, in general, is mostly found in buying-selling and banking activities. However, students still find difficulties in understanding this topic. It is because the teaching and learning activities still use a conventional approach, which restricts the students to imagine how it is implemented in daily life. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the innovative learning activities of social arithmetic among junior high school students using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach. This research was conducted in three meetings, and the researcher acted as the teacher in the class. The results showed that the innovative learning of social arithmetic using the RME approach and word problems could improve the students’ learning outcomes with an average score of 81.92% and 92.59% of the total of students scored above passing grade.

Mathematics exists as rooted in human ideas, ways, and techniques to respond to their environments. Along with its development, mathematics has been taught through formal education or schooling in the flat- not flexible ways and far from students' social and cultural lives. Indonesia is rich with culture, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). It is called a city of culture. Educators are not yet aware of this richness in the learning process to integrate it as the starting point. It is hard to find in mathematics textbooks in Indonesia, which put cultural context as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to explore Yogyakarta's culture in terms of contexts used in mathematics learning. It is an ethnography study. Furthermore, the data was collected through literature artifacts, field observation, and interviews with resource persons who understand the seasons, system, and calculation of birth and death days. It is to clarify the researcher's understanding of the literature. This study showed that Yogyakarta's people use mathematical modeling to determine the seasons' system and funerary dates. These models have the potential to be used as a starting point in learning mathematics.

Assessment is a crucial aspect of education. A critical point in the evaluation is the validity of the instruments used in conducting the assessment. However, some studies do not pay more attention to this section, which results in the invalid results of the resulting research. This study aimed to map the indicators of the Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of mathematics students and analyze their existence as components of the instruments. The subjects were 203 senior high school students of science, Manokwari, Indonesia. Test instruments that involved five critical and four creative thinking were used to measure students' HOTS. The data was analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to map the indicators. The results showed that the five indicators of critical thinking skills form a unified distribution pattern, while the four indicators of creativity tend to spread. Therefore, each indicator used has a unique contribution in explaining the HOTS of mathematics students. Abstrak Penilaian atau evaluasi merupakan aspek penting dari pendidikan. Titik kritis dalam evaluasi adalah validitas instrumen yang digunakan dalam melakukan penilaian. Namun, sejumlah penelitian tidak fokus memperhatikan bagian ini, yang berakibat pada hasil penelitian yang tidak valid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan indikator Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) matematika siswa dan menganalisis keberadaannya sebagai komponen penting pada suatu instrumen. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 203 siswa SMA IPA di Manokwari, Indonesia. Instrumen tes yang melibatkan lima indikator berpikir kritis dan empat indikator berpikir kreatif digunakan untuk mengukur HOTS siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan multidimensional scaling (MDS) untuk memetakan seluruh indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis membentuk pola sebaran yang menyatu, sedangkan keempat indikator kreativitas cenderung menyebar. Oleh karena itu, setiap indikator yang digunakan memiliki kontribusi unik dalam menjelaskan HOTS matematika siswa.

In general, many people still view mathematics as a subject that is far from reality and culture in everyday life. Historically, in fact, mathematics is very close to daily life and was developed by humans in response to the surrounding phenomena. Indonesia has diverse cultures, including in Yogyakarta. This culture can be used to explore mathematical concepts as a transformational effort to bring mathematics closer to the reality and perception of its people. Besides, we can use culture as the basis of learning mathematics in schools. Therefore, this study seeks to explore a mathematical concept of geometry transformation in the Yogyakarta batik pattern. This is an ethnography study. The research data were collected through observations, literature studies, and interviews with the batik culture practitioner and artist to understand the batik techniques and moral, historical, and philosophical values in each batik motif. This study's results indicate that in Yogyakarta batik, it uses the concept of geometry transformation in the making of Yogyakarta's unique Batik motif. Besides that, each motif or pattern also contains local values. These, namely moral, historical, and philosophical values, can be felt, reflected, and applied in daily life, such as values that teach leadership, good deeds, and so on.

Freudenthal's ideas on mathematics that stated mathematics as a human activity and mathematics must be connected to reality have colored towards learning mathematics all over the world, including Indonesia. Existing research on this topic in Indonesia among two decades is categorized and compared. This paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical studies on this learning approach in Indonesian context. The implementation of this approach in Indonesia was analyzed comprehensively and divided into several major topics. Resources of this research come from 110 articles by ten highest rank accredited journals by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia as an achievement for the peer-reviewed journal, which has excellent quality in management and publication. The results show that there are seven categories summarized in this research: the dominance of published RME articles, RME research subjects, mathematical topics, students' abilities, RME terms, and the research method used in RME articles. Lastly, the summarized 110 papers are displayed in the table to give essential information as a fundamental idea for further RME research.

An essential part of learning transformation geometry is rotation. Before learning more about other parts of the transformation geometry topic, such as translation, dilation, and reflection, firstly, students are required to understand well about rotation. However, several students have not been able to understand this subject properly due to the stages of learning in the rotation has not been appropriately arranged. Thus, this study aims to design a student learning trajectory in learning rotation, which develop from informal to formal level through the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) approach. Furthermore, researchers used a design research method divided into three stages, namely preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. This study describes how the bamboo woven motif contributes significantly to 31 ninth-grade students understanding the rotation concept. As a result, the woven bamboo motif's context can stimulate students' understanding of rotation. It is proven based on the strategies and models of students during their learning process which contributes to their fundamental knowledge of rotation.

Yogyakarta has a nickname as the City of Culture. Yogyakarta has several cultures that are closely related to the context of learning mathematics. However, not many educators in Yogyakarta see this culture as a context that can be a starting point in learning mathematics. Thus, this study aims to explore the culture of Yogyakarta's people that can be used as a context in learning mathematics. This study uses ethnographic studies sourced from literature studies, field observations, and interviews with informants who understand the ancient Javanese language well to clarify and / or provide more understanding of the results of the literature review collected. The results showed some mathematical languages used by the Yogyakarta people in Javanese that could be used as starting points in learning mathematics. This mathematical language includes the mention of numbers, area, angle, volume, indefinite units, and determination of time units.

Indonesia has many cultures, one of which is in the form of traditional crafts namely Anyaman Bambu. It’s a form of traditional craft in the community that uses bamboo as its basic material. However, people only see these crafts as only a form of traditional craft, even though there are many motifs in these crafts that can be used as a starting point in learning mathematics, namely geometry transformations. Therefore, this research aims also to produce the learning trajectory of students in learning one subject in geometry transformations namely translation, which develops from informal to formal level through the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) approach. The research method used is design research starting from preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. This study explores how the motifs of Anyaman Bambu make a real contribution for ninth-grade students to understand the concept of translation. The results of design experiments show that the context of the motifs of Anyaman Bambu can stimulate students to understand their knowledge of the concept of translation. All the strategies and models that students find, describe, and discuss that show how students' constructions or contributions can be used to help their initial understanding of the translation.

Ferris wheel is one amusement playground that resembles a giant spinning wheel. Many students are familiar with the Ferris wheel in the mini version of it at night market festivals. This is the potential for learning mathematics. Furthermore, there is a mathematical learning approach called Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) where students learn with contexts which are close to students' life as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning trajectory using the IRME approach with the Ferris wheel as the context in the learning process to support students' understanding of the learning about circles. The research method is design research that consists of three stages: preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. The subjects were 20 eighth-grade students from one of the private Junior High School in Yogyakarta. The instruments used are videos to see the learning process and when students work on the given problems, photos to refer the results of student work, and written test in worksheets to get the data on student's work. The research result explores the learning trajectory practiced using the Ferris wheel as the context seen in the student's daily activities. The learning trajectory consists of four events, namely assembling the Ferris wheel, drawing an illustration of the Ferris wheel, making a list of the circle parts, and solving a problem related to the parts of the circle. Lastly, this study shows that learning trajectory activities have essential roles in supporting students' understanding of the concept of a circle.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) menggunakan pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik pada materi kubus dan balok yang valid, praktis, dan memiliki efek potensial terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah design research tipe development studies, yang terdiri atas dua tahap yaitu prelimininary design dan formative evaluation. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi lembar penilaian, walkthrough, dokumen dan tes kemampuan literasi matematika. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah Banguntapan untuk menghasilkan LKS menggunakan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik pada materi kubus dan balok yang valid, praktis, dan memiliki efek potensial terhadap kemampuan literasi matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKS telah valid dari kualitas materi maupun kualitas media dengan kriteria baik, berdasarkan komentar ahli pada tahapan expert review dan one to one. Selanjutnya, implementasi LKS pada tahap small group dan field test menunjukkan kepraktisan LKS dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini terlihat dari LKS yang dapat dikenali siswa, mudah dibaca, serta siswa dapat dengan mudah menggunakan alat dan bahan yang diberikan untuk menyelesaikan setiap tahapan kegiatan pada LKS. Terakhir, efek potensial dari LKS diperoleh pada tahapan field test yang menunjukkan bahwa siswa mampu mengerjakan soal level 4 dari 6 level kemampuan literasi matematika, sehingga LKS ini berpotensi untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan literasi siswa sampai level 4. Abstract This study aims to produce a Student Worksheet (SW) using a Realistic Mathematics Education approach for cube and cuboid subjects that is valid, practical, and has a potential effect on students' mathematical literacy abilities. The research method used in this research is design research with the type of development studies, which consists of two stages, namely preliminary design and formative evaluation. Data collection techniques used include assessment sheets, walkthroughs, documents and tests of mathematical literacy abilities. This study involved eighth-grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Banguntapan to produce worksheets using a realistic mathematics education approach for cube and cuboid subject that is valid, practical, and has a potential effect on mathematical literacy abilities. The results show that the worksheets were valid in terms of subject and media quality with a good criterion, based on expert comments at the expert review and one to one stage. Furthermore, the implementation of SW in the small group and field test stages shows the practicality of SW with a good criterion. It can be seen from the worksheets that can be recognized by students, easy to read, and students can easily use the tools and materials provided by researchers to complete each stage of activities in the worksheets. Finally, the potential effect of the worksheet is obtained at the field test stage which shows that students are able to work on level 4 questions of mathematical literacy ability so that this worksheet has the potential to emerge students' literacy skills up to level 4.

This study aims to determine the role of Guided Inquiry in understanding students' concepts in learning the Pythagorean theorem, through student worksheet-based guided inquiry learning models. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, which were carried out in class VIII D at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gamping. Data collection techniques used were documentation, observation, and written tests. Data obtained in this study were analyzed using data triangulation techniques. The results showed that the Guided Inquiry had a role in helping students to understand the concept of the Pythagorean theorem formula, through several stages of learning. In learning that uses guided inquiry, students can understand the Pythagorean theorem formula by finding it on their own and being facilitated by the teacher. Also, student learning outcomes indicate that the average value obtained by students is above the Minimum Mastery Criteria score for mathematics subjects of 65.

One of the geometry subjects that has a high level of difficulty and abstractness is the 3D-shape subject (solid geometry), especially the surface area of a polyhedron. Students have difficulty in imagining objects and constructing previously owned knowledge. One approach that uses prior knowledge as a starting point for learning is the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) approach. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to describe the learning of surface area of polyhedron using the IRME approach to eighth-grade students in SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan. The subjects of this study were all eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques used were video recording, observation, and interviews. Video recording is conducted to observe student activities during the learning process and compare them with observation and interview sheets. Meanwhile, the test instrument is used as supporting data to see student learning outcomes after learning the surface area of the polyhedron as the whole topic. The results showed that during the learning process, which lasted for two meetings, students could follow well all stages of learning by fulfilled the five characteristics of IRME and getting good results.

In recent years, several researchers have tried to use stories and games as a starting point for learning mathematics. This is allegedly able to increase students' mathematical abilities and make learning mathematics more enjoyable. Therefore, this research is aimed to design a mathematics learning trajectory in pattern number using Barathayudha War Stories and Uno Stacko games as a starting point or context in the learning process with the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) approach. The research method used is a design research that contains three stages, preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The result of this research is the learning trajectory design of number pattern learning using Barathayudha war stories and Uno Stacko. The design consists of four activities, which is a detective of Barathayudha war; rebuilt Abimayu fortress at the battlefield of Kurusetra; find the unique secret number code of Abimayu fortress; and built another fort using number pattern. The results showed Barathayudha war stories and Uno Stacko can stimulate students to understand their knowledge of pattern number concept which is the stages in the learning trajectory of student have an essential role in understanding the concept.

The purpose of this research is to understanding the role of line and angle learning design in students’ comprehension of mathematical concept and also to understanding the students’ learning result through LAS (Lembar Aktivitas Mahasiswa) or student activity paper that is based on the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education approach. The research method used in this research is design research. The result of this research shows that the activity of using props or drawing a clock circle could motivate the students in checking out the shaped angle, So the students will have the idea to calculate how big is the angle that is shaped by the clockwise and also to determine its types. So, the design that is used could help the students to understanding the concept of angle through the context of clock circle.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a big challenge for education worldwide because education has to be done virtually to stop the spread of the COVID-19. The problem is that there are students who live in areas far from cities, while learning in an interconnected world should be done virtually. Diverse geographical conditions in Indonesia consisting of mountains, lowlands, highlands, and valleys and some areas that are far away from cities make students difficult to connect to the internet and thus, virtual teaching is challenging. These areas are often referred to as remote areas. So far, the Indonesian government's approach to dealing with learning difficulties in remote areas is vague. This research aims to construct a theoretical learning framework that can be used to facilitate distance learning in remote areas in Indonesia. This research proposes a developmental theory of alternative learning in remote areas through the integrative literature review. In this research, the theoretical framework evolved out of the review of existing research on community radio, blended learning, transformative education, and critical pedagogy. This research yields a theoretical framework regarding the community radio-based blended learning model that contributes as a promising alternative learning solution in remote areas. It is inferred that this learning model would be a promising learning model in remote areas during unpredictable situations such as in the pandemic era.

Students encounter difficulties in solving areas of triangles and quadrilaterals due to a lack of conceptual understanding of the topic. The researchers have developed the following activities and the hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) through the design research approach focusing on developing activities for students to learn the concepts properly. Reallotment or reshaping has been the primary idea for the activities. The designed activities in 2 cycles have been trialled out, improved, and implemented for 7-grade students in a classroom. Students' understanding and development of this study will be further discussed in this paper.

Mathematical anxiety has a negative relationship with mathematics performance and achievement. Further explained, mathematics anxiety has an indirect effect on mathematics performance. This research explores sources or factors related to mathematics anxiety among engineering students at a private university in Indonesia. A total of 47 engineering students participated in this survey that randomly chosen based on gender, major, and age. Two main factors are affecting the mathematics anxiety of engineering students, namely internal and external factors. The results show that mathematics anxiety among engineering students is manifested into three aspects. Firstly, the home aspects are talking about the influence of parents and sibling. Secondly, society's issues are discussing self-efficacy, social reinforcement to hate mathematics, and social stereotypes. Lastly, the classroom aspects are talking about the traditional mathematics learning process and classroom culture, namely the experience of learning mathematics in classrooms and relationships between friends during learning. The details of the statements under the aspects also highlight unique problems and are not covered by previous research in mathematical anxiety. Next, differences in mathematics anxiety by gender and faculty were examined.

The rural area's student difficulties in learning the concept of number operation had been documented by several studies, especially for the case of multiplication. The teacher typically introduces the multiplication concepts using the formula without involving the concept itself. Furthermore, this study aims to design learning trajectory on multiplication operations in the Mathematics of GASING (Math GASING) by focusing more on the concept itself than the formula and by starting from the informal to a formal level of teaching. Design research used as the research method to solve this problem consisting of three phases, namely preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The research results show that the Math GASING has a real contribution for students to understanding and mastering in the concept of the multiplication operations. This research also explains the strategy and the model discovered by students in learning multiplication that the students used as a basic concept of multiplication. Finally, the students were able to understand the concept of multiplication more easily, and they showed interest in using this learning trajectory.