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18,052 results on '"Rule A"'

1. Nuclear-level effective theory of $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion: Inelastic process

Author

Haxton, W. C. and Rule, Evan

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Mu2e and COMET will search for electrons produced via the neutrinoless conversion of stopped muons bound in 1s atomic orbits of $^{27}$Al, improving existing limits on charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) by roughly four orders of magnitude. Conventionally, $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion experiments are optimized to detect electrons originating from transitions where the nucleus remains in the ground state, thereby maximizing the energy of the outgoing electron. Clearly, detection of a positive signal in forthcoming experiments would stimulate additional work $-$ including subsequent conversion experiments using complementary nuclear targets $-$ to further constrain the new physics responsible for CLFV. Here we argue that additional information can be extracted without the need for additional experiments, by considering inelastic conversion in $^{27}$Al. Transitions to low-lying nuclear excited states can modify the near-endpoint spectrum of conversion electrons, with the ratio of the elastic and inelastic responses being sensitive to the underlying CLFV operator. We extend the nuclear effective theory of $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion to the inelastic case, which adds five new response functions to the six that arise for the elastic process. We evaluate these nuclear response functions in $^{27}$Al and calculate the resulting conversion-electron signal, taking into account the resolution anticipated in Mu2e/COMET. We find that $^{27}$Al is an excellent target choice from the perspective of the new information that can be obtained from inelastic $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion., Comment: 31 pages, 7 Figures, 6 Tables. To be submitted to PRC

Published
2024

2. The DAMA/LIBRA signal: an induced modulation effect?

Author

James, R. S., Rule, K., Barberio, E., Bashu, V. U., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., Brooks, G., Chhun, S. S., Dastgiri, F., Duffy, A. R., Froehlich, M., Fruth, T. M. A., Fu, G., Hill, G. C., Janssens, K., Kapoor, S., Lane, G. J., Leaver, K. T., McGee, P., McKie, L. J., McNamara, P. C., McKenzie, J., Melbourne, W. J. D., Mews, M., Milligan, L. J., Mould, J., Nuti, F., Scutti, F., Slavkovska, Z., Spinks, N. J., Stanley, O., Stuchbery, A. E., Suerfu, B., Taylor, G. N., Urquijo, P., Williams, A. G., Xing, Y., Zhong, Y. Y., and Zurowski, M. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The persistence of the DAMA/LIBRA (DAMA) modulation over the past two decades has been a source of great contention within the dark matter community. The DAMA collaboration reports a persistent, modulating event rate within their setup of NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) underground laboratory. A recent work alluded that this signal could have arisen due to an analysis artefact, caused by DAMA not accounting for time variation of decaying background radioisotopes in their analysis procedure. In this work, we examine in detail this 'induced modulation' effect, arguing that a number of aspects of the DAMA signal are incompatible with an induced modulation arising from decays of background isotopes over the lifetime of the experiment. Using a toy model of the DAMA/LIBRA experiment, we explore the induced modulation effect under different variations of the activities of the relevant isotopes - namely, $^3$H and $^{210}$Pb - highlighting the various inconsistencies between the resultant toy datasets and the DAMA signal. We stress the importance of the SABRE experiment, whose goal is to unambiguously test for the presence of such a modulating signal in an experiment using the same target material and comparable levels of background.

Published
2024

3. Symbolic metaprogram search improves learning efficiency and explains rule learning in humans.

Author

Rule, Joshua, Piantadosi, Steven, Cropper, Andrew, Ellis, Kevin, Nye, Maxwell, and Tenenbaum, Joshua

Subjects
Humans, Learning, Algorithms
Abstract

Throughout their lives, humans seem to learn a variety of rules for things like applying category labels, following procedures, and explaining causal relationships. These rules are often algorithmically rich but are nonetheless acquired with minimal data and computation. Symbolic models based on program learning successfully explain rule-learning in many domains, but performance degrades quickly as program complexity increases. It remains unclear how to scale symbolic rule-learning methods to model human performance in challenging domains. Here we show that symbolic search over the space of metaprograms-programs that revise programs-dramatically improves learning efficiency. On a behavioral benchmark of 100 algorithmically rich rules, this approach fits human learning more accurately than alternative models while also using orders of magnitude less search. The computation required to match median human performance is consistent with conservative estimates of human thinking time. Our results suggest that metaprogram-like representations may help human learners to efficiently acquire rules.

Published
2024

4. Two dimensional magnets: Forgotten history and recent progress towards spintronic applications

Author

Cortie, David L., Causer, Grace L., Rule, Kirrily C., Fritzsche, Helmut, Kreuzpaintner, Wolfgang, and Klose, Frank

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The recent discovery of two-dimensional magnetic order in van-der Waals materials has stimulated a renaissance in the field of atomically-thin magnets. This has led to promising demonstrations of spintronic functionality such as tunneling magnetoresistance. The frantic pace of this emerging research, however, has also led to some confusion surrounding the underlying phenomena of phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) magnets. In fact, there is a rich history of experimental precedents beginning in the 1960s with quasi-2D bulk magnets and progressing to the 1980s using atomically-thin sheets of elemental metals. This review provides a holistic discussion of the current state of knowledge on the three distinct families of low-dimensional magnets: quasi-2D, ultra-thin films and van-der Waals crystals. It highlights the unique opportunities presented by the latest implementation in van-der Waals materials. By revisiting the fundamental insights from the field of low-dimensional magnetism, this review will highlight factors that can be used to enhance material performance. For example, the limits imposed on the critical temperature by the Mermin-Wagner theorem can be escaped in three separate ways: magnetocrystalline anisotropy, long range interactions and shape anisotropy. Several recent experimental reports of atomically-thin magnets with Curie temperatures above room temperature are highlighted., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024
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5. Effective theory tower for $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion

Author

Haxton, Wick, McElvain, Kenneth, Menzo, Tony, Rule, Evan, and Zupan, Jure

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present theoretical predictions for $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion rates using a tower of effective field theories connecting the UV to nuclear physics scales. The interactions in nuclei are described using a recently developed nonrelativistic effective theory (NRET) that organizes contributions according to bound nucleon and muon velocities, $\vec{v}_N$ and $\vec{v}_\mu$, with $|\vec{v}_N| > |\vec{v}_\mu|$. To facilitate the top-down matching, we enlarge the set of Lorentz covariant nucleon-level interactions mapped onto the NRET operators to include those mediated by tensor interactions, in addition to the scalar and vector interactions already considered previously, and then match NRET nonperturbatively onto the Weak Effective Theory (WET). At the scale $\mu \approx 2$ GeV WET is formulated in terms of $u$, $d$, $s$ quarks, gluons and photons as the light degrees of freedom, along with the flavor-violating leptonic current. We retain contributions from WET operators up to dimension 7, which requires the full set of 26 NRET operators. The results are encoded in the open-source Python- and Mathematica-based software suite MuonBridge, which we make available to the theoretical and experimental communities interested in $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion., Comment: 60 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, to be submitted to JHEP

Published
2024

6. Dialogue, Horizon and Chronotope: Using Bakhtin's and Gadamer's Ideas to Frame Online Teaching and Learning

Author

Peter Rule

Abstract

The information explosion and digital modes of learning often combine to inform the quest for the best ways of transforming information in digital form for pedagogical purposes. This quest has become more urgent and pervasive with the 'turn' to online learning in the context of COVID-19. This can result in linear, asynchronous, transmission-based modes of teaching and learning which commodify, package and deliver knowledge for individual 'customers'. The primary concerns in such models are often technical and economic -- technology as a cost-effective 'solution' to educational challenges. In this paper I argue for the importance of dialogic learning space in teaching and learning by means of Information and Communication Technologies, whether in the form of fully online learning, blended learning or face-to-face encounters using ICT affordances. Although the 20th Century theorists Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975) and Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) produced their seminal works before the advent of ICTs, they were both concerned with the quality and authenticity of human engagement with texts and with other persons and contexts. Besides a shared interest in dialogue as an ontological feature of human life and being, they both used spatiotemporal concepts for understanding and interpreting texts. The article draws on Gadamer's notions of dialogue and horizon, and Bakhtin's notions of dialogue and chronotope, to conceptualize dialogic possibilities for online education. Its purpose is to provide a framework, grounded in Bakhtin's and Gadamer's ideas, for a dialogic approach to online teaching and learning in higher education.

Published
2024
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7. Distinguishing charged lepton flavor violation scenarios with inelastic $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion

Author

Haxton, W. C. and Rule, Evan

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The Mu2e and COMET experiments are expected to improve existing limits on charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) by roughly four orders of magnitude. $\mu\rightarrow e$ conversion experiments are typically optimized for electrons produced without nuclear excitation, as this maximizes the electron energy and minimizes backgrounds from the free decay of the muon. Here we argue that Mu2e and COMET will be able to extract additional constraints on CLFV from inelastic $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion, given the $^{27}$Al target they have chosen and backgrounds they anticipate. We describe CLFV scenarios in which inelastic CLFV can induce measurable distortions in the near-endpoint spectrum of conversion electrons, including cases where certain contributing operators cannot be probed in elastic $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion. We extend the nonrelativistic EFT treatment of elastic $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion to include the new nuclear operators needed for the inelastic process, evaluate the associated nuclear response functions, and describe several new-physics scenarios where the inelastic process can provide additional information on CLFV., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, to be submitted to PRL

Published
2024

8. Dynamic Nanodomains Dictate Macroscopic Properties in Lead Halide Perovskites

Author

Dubajic, Milos, Neilson, James R., Klarbring, Johan, Liang, Xia, Boer, Stephanie A., Rule, Kirrily C., Auckett, Josie E., Gu, Leilei, Jia, Xuguang, Pusch, Andreas, Tumen-Ulzii, Ganbaatar, Wu, Qiyuan, Selby, Thomas A., Lu, Yang, Trowbridge, Julia C., Mozur, Eve M., Minelli, Arianna, Roth, Nikolaj, Orr, Kieran W. P., Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi, Kahmann, Simon, Kabakova, Irina, Ding, Jianning, Wu, Tom, Conibeer, Gavin J., Bremner, Stephen P., Walsh, Aron, Nielsen, Michael P., and Stranks, Samuel D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Empirical A-site cation substitution has advanced the stability and efficiency of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites solar cells and the functionality of X-ray detectors. Yet, the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their unique performance remain elusive. This multi-modal study unveils the link between nanoscale structural dynamics and macroscopic optoelectronic properties in these materials by utilising X-ray diffuse scattering, inelastic neutron spectroscopy and optical microscopy complemented by state-of-the-art machine learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations. Our approach uncovers the presence of dynamic, lower-symmetry local nanodomains embedded within the higher-symmetry average phase in various perovskite compositions. The properties of these nanodomains are tunable via the A-site cation selection: methylammonium induces a high density of anisotropic, planar nanodomains of out-of-phase octahedral tilts, while formamidinium favours sparsely distributed isotropic, spherical nanodomains with in-phase tilting, even when crystallography reveals cubic symmetry on average. The observed variations in the properties of dynamic nanodomains are in agreement with our simulations and are directly linked to the differing macroscopic optoelectronic and ferroelastic behaviours of these compositions. By demonstrating the influence of A-site cation on local nanodomains and consequently, on macroscopic properties, we propose leveraging this relationship to engineer the optoelectronic response of these materials, propelling further advancements in perovskite-based photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and X-ray imaging., Comment: Main text and supplementary information. Main text 16 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary information 42 pages, 36 figures

Published
2024

9. Understanding spin currents from magnon dispersion and polarization: Spin-Seebeck effect and neutron scattering study on Tb3Fe5O12

Author

Kawamoto, Y., Kikkawa, T., Kawamata, M., Umemoto, Y., Manning, A. G., Rule, K. C., Ikeuchi, K., Kamazawa, K., Fujita, M., Saitoh, E., Kakurai, K., and Nambu, Y.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Magnon spin currents in the ferrimagnetic garnet Tb3Fe5O12 with 4f electrons were examined through the spin-Seebeck effect and neutron scattering measurements. The compound shows a magnetic compensation, where the spin-Seebeck signal reverses above and below Tcomp = 249.5(4) K. Unpolarized neutron scattering unveils two major magnon branches with finite energy gaps, which are well-explained in the framework of spin-wave theory. Their temperature dependencies and the direction of the precession motion of magnetic moments, i.e. magnon polarization, defined using polarized neutrons, explain the reversal at Tcomp and decay of the spin-Seebeck signals at low temperatures. We illustrate an example that momentum- and energy-resolved microscopic information is a prerequisite to understanding the magnon spin current., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024
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10. Exact block encoding of imaginary time evolution with universal quantum neural networks

Author

Rrapaj, Ermal and Rule, Evan

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics, 68W99, 81P68, 68Q12
Abstract

We develop a constructive approach to generate quantum neural networks capable of representing the exact thermal states of all many-body qubit Hamiltonians. The Trotter expansion of the imaginary-time propagator is implemented through an exact block encoding by means of a unitary, restricted Boltzmann machine architecture. Marginalization over the hidden-layer neurons (auxiliary qubits) creates the non-unitary action on the visible layer. Then, we introduce a unitary deep Boltzmann machine architecture, in which the hidden-layer qubits are allowed to couple laterally to other hidden qubits. We prove that this wave function ansatz is closed under the action of the imaginary-time propagator and, more generally, can represent the action of a universal set of quantum gate operations. We provide analytic expressions for the coefficients for both architectures, thus enabling exact network representations of thermal states without stochastic optimization of the network parameters. In the limit of large imaginary time, the ansatz yields the ground state of the system. The number of qubits grows linearly with the system size and total imaginary time for a fixed interaction order. Both networks can be readily implemented on quantum hardware via mid-circuit measurements of auxiliary qubits. If only one auxiliary qubit is measured and reset, the circuit depth scales linearly with imaginary time and system size, while the width is constant. Alternatively, one can employ a number of auxiliary qubits linearly proportional to the system size, and circuit depth grows linearly with imaginary time only.

Published
2024

17. Nucleon-level Effective Theory of μ → e Conversion

Author

Rule, E

Abstract

The Mu2e and COMET μ → e collaborations plan to advance branching ratio sensitivities by four orders of magnitude, further constraining new sources of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV). We formulate a non-relativistic nucleon-level effective theory for this process, in order to clarify what can and cannot be learned about CLFV operator coefficients from elastic μ → e conversion. Utilizing state-of-the-art shell model wave functions, we derive bounds on operator coefficients from existing μ → e conversion results, and estimate the improvement in these bounds that will be possible if Mu2e and COMET reach their design goals. In the conversion process, we employ a treatment of the lepton Coulomb physics that is very accurate, yet yields transparent results and preserves connections to standard-model processes like β decay and μ capture. The formulation provides a bridge between the nuclear physics needed in form factor evaluations and the particle physics needed to relate low-energy constraints from μ → e conversion to UV sources of CLFV.

Published
2024

21. Multimodal decoding of human liver regeneration

Author

Matchett, K. P., Wilson-Kanamori, J. R., Portman, J. R., Kapourani, C. A., Fercoq, F., May, S., Zajdel, E., Beltran, M., Sutherland, E. F., Mackey, J. B. G., Brice, M., Wilson, G. C., Wallace, S. J., Kitto, L., Younger, N. T., Dobie, R., Mole, D. J., Oniscu, G. C., Wigmore, S. J., Ramachandran, P., Vallejos, C. A., Carragher, N. O., Saeidinejad, M. M., Quaglia, A., Jalan, R., Simpson, K. J., Kendall, T. J., Rule, J. A., Lee, W. M., Hoare, M., Weston, C. J., Marioni, J. C., Teichmann, S. A., Bird, T. G., Carlin, L. M., and Henderson, N. C.

Published
2024
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25. A Generative Approach for Image Registration of Visible-Thermal (VT) Cancer Faces

Author

Ordun, Catherine, Cha, Alexandra, Raff, Edward, Purushotham, Sanjay, Kwok, Karen, Rule, Mason, and Gulley, James

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Since thermal imagery offers a unique modality to investigate pain, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) has collected a large and diverse set of cancer patient facial thermograms for AI-based pain research. However, differing angles from camera capture between thermal and visible sensors has led to misalignment between Visible-Thermal (VT) images. We modernize the classic computer vision task of image registration by applying and modifying a generative alignment algorithm to register VT cancer faces, without the need for a reference or alignment parameters. By registering VT faces, we demonstrate that the quality of thermal images produced in the generative AI downstream task of Visible-to-Thermal (V2T) image translation significantly improves up to 52.5\%, than without registration. Images in this paper have been approved by the NIH NCI for public dissemination., Comment: 2nd Annual Artificial Intelligence over Infrared Images for Medical Applications Workshop (AIIIMA) at the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2023)

Published
2023

26. Concept Learning as Coarse-to-Fine Probabilistic Program Induction

Author

Bowers, Maddy L, Lew, Alexander, Qi, Wenhao, Rule, Joshua S, Mansinghka, Vikash, Tenenbaum, Josh, and Solar-Lezama, Armando

Abstract

Program induction is an appealing model for human concept learning, but faces scaling challenges in searching the massive space of programs. We propose a computational model capturing two key aspects of human concept learning – our ability to judge how promising a vague, partial hypothesis is, and our ability to gradually refine these vague explanations of observations to precise ones. We represent hypotheses as probabilistic programs with randomness in place of unresolved programmatic structure. To model the evaluation of partial hypotheses, we implement a novel algorithm for efficiently computing the likelihood that a probabilistic program produces the observations. With this, we guide a search process whereby high-entropy, coarse programs are iteratively refined to introduce deterministic structure. Preliminary synthesis results on list manipulation and formal grammar learning tasks show improvements in sample efficiency when leveraging likelihood guidance, and a preliminary human study explores how model intermediate hypotheses compare to those of participants.

Published
2024

27. The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance

Author

Caswell, Deborah R, Gui, Philippe, Mayekar, Manasi K, Law, Emily K, Pich, Oriol, Bailey, Chris, Boumelha, Jesse, Kerr, D Lucas, Blakely, Collin M, Manabe, Tadashi, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Bakker, Bjorn, De Dios Palomino Villcas, Juan, I. Vokes, Natalie, Dietzen, Michelle, Angelova, Mihaela, Gini, Beatrice, Tamaki, Whitney, Allegakoen, Paul, Wu, Wei, Humpton, Timothy J, Hill, William, Tomaschko, Mona, Lu, Wei-Ting, Haderk, Franziska, Al Bakir, Maise, Nagano, Ai, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, de Carné Trécesson, Sophie, Vendramin, Roberto, Barbè, Vittorio, Mugabo, Miriam, Weeden, Clare E, Rowan, Andrew, McCoach, Caroline E, Almeida, Bruna, Green, Mary, Gomez, Carlos, Nanjo, Shigeki, Barbosa, Dora, Moore, Chris, Przewrocka, Joanna, Black, James RM, Grönroos, Eva, Suarez-Bonnet, Alejandro, Priestnall, Simon L, Zverev, Caroline, Lighterness, Scott, Cormack, James, Olivas, Victor, Cech, Lauren, Andrews, Trisha, Rule, Brandon, Jiao, Yuwei, Zhang, Xinzhu, Ashford, Paul, Durfee, Cameron, Venkatesan, Subramanian, Temiz, Nuri Alpay, Tan, Lisa, Larson, Lindsay K, Argyris, Prokopios P, Brown, William L, Yu, Elizabeth A, Rotow, Julia K, Guha, Udayan, Roper, Nitin, Yu, Johnny, Vogel, Rachel I, Thomas, Nicholas J, Marra, Antonio, Selenica, Pier, Yu, Helena, Bakhoum, Samuel F, Chew, Su Kit, Reis-Filho, Jorge S, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Vousden, Karen H, McGranahan, Nicholas, Van Allen, Eliezer M, Kanu, Nnennaya, Harris, Reuben S, Downward, Julian, Bivona, Trever G, and Swanton, Charles

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Lung Cancer, Lung, Cancer, Women's Health, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Humans, Animals, Mice, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Mutation, Up-Regulation, ErbB Receptors, Cytidine Deaminase, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract

In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse models constrained tumorigenesis, while A3B expression in tumors treated with EGFR-targeted cancer therapy was associated with treatment resistance. Analyses of human NSCLC models treated with EGFR-targeted therapy showed upregulation of A3B and revealed therapy-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as an inducer of A3B expression. Significantly reduced viability was observed with A3B deficiency, and A3B was required for the enrichment of APOBEC mutation signatures, in targeted therapy-treated human NSCLC preclinical models. Upregulation of A3B was confirmed in patients with NSCLC treated with EGFR-targeted therapy. This study uncovers the multifaceted roles of A3B in NSCLC and identifies A3B as a potential target for more durable responses to targeted cancer therapy.

Published
2024

28. Symbolic metaprogram search improves learning efficiency and explains rule learning in humans

Author

Joshua S. Rule, Steven T. Piantadosi, Andrew Cropper, Kevin Ellis, Maxwell Nye, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Throughout their lives, humans seem to learn a variety of rules for things like applying category labels, following procedures, and explaining causal relationships. These rules are often algorithmically rich but are nonetheless acquired with minimal data and computation. Symbolic models based on program learning successfully explain rule-learning in many domains, but performance degrades quickly as program complexity increases. It remains unclear how to scale symbolic rule-learning methods to model human performance in challenging domains. Here we show that symbolic search over the space of metaprograms—programs that revise programs—dramatically improves learning efficiency. On a behavioral benchmark of 100 algorithmically rich rules, this approach fits human learning more accurately than alternative models while also using orders of magnitude less search. The computation required to match median human performance is consistent with conservative estimates of human thinking time. Our results suggest that metaprogram-like representations may help human learners to efficiently acquire rules.

Published
2024
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29. Associations between Urbanization and the Home Language Environment: Evidence from a LENA Study in Rural and Peri-Urban China

Author

Yue Ma, Xinwu Zhang, Lucy Pappas, Andrew Rule, Yujuan Gao, Sarah-Eve Dill, Tianli Feng, Yue Zhang, Hong Wang, Flavio Cunha, and Scott Rozelle

Abstract

In low- and middle-income countries, urbanization has spurred the expansion of peri-urban communities, or urban communities of formerly rural residents with low socioeconomic status. The growth of these communities offers researchers an opportunity to measure the associations between the level of urbanization and the home language environment (HLE) among otherwise similar populations. Data were collected in 2019 using Language Environment Analysis observational assessment technology from 158 peri-urban and rural households with Han Chinese children (92 males, 66 females) aged 18-24 months in China. Peri-urban children scored lower than rural children in measures of the HLE and language development. In both samples, child age, gender, maternal employment, and sibling number were positively correlated with the HLE, which was in turn correlated with language development.

Published
2024
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30. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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32. Gallium neutrino absorption cross section and its uncertainty

Author

Elliott, SR, Gavrin, VN, Haxton, WC, Ibragimova, TV, and Rule, EJ

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

In the recent Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST), a suppressed rate of neutrino absorption on a gallium target was observed, consistent with earlier results from neutrino source calibrations of the SAGE and GALLEX/GNO solar neutrino experiments. The BEST Collaboration, utilizing a 3.4 MCi Cr51 neutrino source, found observed-to-expected counting rates at two very short baselines of R=0.791±0.05 and 0.766±0.05, respectively. Among recent neutrino experiments, BEST is notable for the simplicity of both its neutrino spectrum, line neutrinos from an electron-capture source whose intensity can be measured to a estimated precision of 0.23%, and its absorption cross section, where the precisely known rate of electron capture to the gallium ground state, Ge71(e-,νe)Ga71(g.s.), establishes a minimum value. However, the absorption cross section uncertainty is a common systematic in the BEST, SAGE, and GALLEX/GNO neutrino source experiments. Here we update that cross section, considering a variety of electroweak corrections and the role of transitions to excited states, to establish both a central value and reasonable uncertainty, thereby enabling a more accurate assessment of the statistical significance of the gallium anomalies. Results are given for Cr51 and Ar37 sources. The revised neutrino capture rates are used in a reevaluation of the BEST and gallium anomalies.

Published
2023

33. High prevalence and risk of malaria among asymptomatic individuals from villages with high prevalence of artemisinin partial resistance in Kyerwa district of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania

Author

Mandai, Salehe S., Francis, Filbert, Challe, Daniel P., Seth, Misago D., Madebe, Rashid A., Petro, Daniel A., Budodo, Rule, Kisambale, Angelina J., Chacha, Gervas A., Moshi, Ramadhan, Mbwambo, Ruth B., Pereus, Dativa, Bakari, Catherine, Aaron, Sijenunu, Mbwambo, Daniel, Lusasi, Abdallah, Kajange, Stella, Lazaro, Samuel, Kapologwe, Ntuli, Mandara, Celine I., and Ishengoma, Deus S.

Published
2024
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39. Magnetism and Fermiology of Kagome Magnet YMn6Sn4Ge2

Author

Bhandari, Hari, Dally, Rebecca L., Siegfried, Peter E., Regmi, Resham B., Rule, Kirrily C., Chi, Songxue, Lynn, Jeffery W., Mazin, I. I., and Ghimire, Nirmal J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Kagome lattice magnets are an interesting class of materials as they can host topological properties in their magnetic and electronic structures. YMn6Sn6 is one such compound in which a series of competing magnetic phases is stabilized by an applied magnetic field, and both an enigmatic topological Hall effect and a Dirac crossing close to the Fermi energy have been realized. This material also shows a magnetization-induced Lifshitz transition and evidence of a unique charge spin coupling in one of the magnetic phases, namely the fan-like phase. Tuning the magnetism, and thus the interplay with the electronic states, opens new avenues for precise control of these novel properties. Here, we demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the magnetic phases in YMn6Sn4Ge2 through the investigation of structural, magnetic, and transport properties. The high sensitivity to small doping provides great potential for engineering the magnetic phases and associated electronic properties in this family of rare-earth kagome magnets.

Published
2023

40. The Gallium Neutrino Absorption Cross Section and its Uncertainty

Author

Elliott, S. R., Gavrin, V. N., Haxton, W. C., Ibragimova, T. V., and Rule, E. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In the recent Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST), a suppressed rate of neutrino absorption on a gallium target was observed, consistent with earlier results from neutrino source calibrations of the SAGE and GALLEX/GNO solar neutrino experiments. The BEST collaboration, utilizing a 3.4 MCi 51Cr neutrino source, found observed-to-expected counting rates at two very short baselines of R=0.791 plus/minus 0.05 and 0.766 plus/minus 0.05, respectively. Among recent neutrino experiments, BEST is notable for the simplicity of both its neutrino spectrum, line neutrinos from an electron-capture source whose intensity can be measured to a estimated precision of 0.23%, and its absorption cross section, where the precisely known rate of electron capture to the gallium ground state, 71Ge(e,nue)71Ga(g.s.), establishes a minimum value. However, the absorption cross section uncertainty is a common systematic in the BEST, SAGE, and GALLEX/GNO neutrino source experiments. Here we update that cross section, considering a variety of electroweak corrections and the role of transitions to excited states, to establish both a central value and reasonable uncertainty, thereby enabling a more accurate assessment of the statistical significance of the gallium anomalies. Results are given for 51Cr and 37Ar sources. The revised neutrino capture rates are used in a re-evaluation of the BEST and gallium anomalies., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures; Report number added in this revision

Published
2023

41. High prevalence and risk of malaria among asymptomatic individuals from villages with high prevalence of artemisinin partial resistance in Kyerwa district of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania

Author

Salehe S. Mandai, Filbert Francis, Daniel P. Challe, Misago D. Seth, Rashid A. Madebe, Daniel A. Petro, Rule Budodo, Angelina J. Kisambale, Gervas A. Chacha, Ramadhan Moshi, Ruth B. Mbwambo, Dativa Pereus, Catherine Bakari, Sijenunu Aaron, Daniel Mbwambo, Abdallah Lusasi, Stella Kajange, Samuel Lazaro, Ntuli Kapologwe, Celine I. Mandara, and Deus S. Ishengoma

Subjects
Malaria, Asymptomatic infections, Plasmodium falciparum, Predictors/risk factors of malaria infections, Artemisinin partial resistance, Kelch 13, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Although Tanzania adopted and has been implementing effective interventions to control and eventually eliminate malaria, the disease is still a leading public health problem, and the country experiences heterogeneous transmission. Recent studies reported the emergence of parasites with artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) in Kagera region with high prevalence (> 10.0%) in two districts of Karagwe and Kyerwa. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors/risk of malaria infections among asymptomatic individuals living in a hyperendemic area where ART-R has emerged in Kyerwa District of Kagera region, north-western Tanzania. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional survey which was conducted in July and August 2023 and involved individuals aged ≥ 6 months from five villages in Kyerwa district. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, parasitological, type of house inhabited and socio-economic status (SES) data were collected using electronic capture tools run on Open Data Kit (ODK) software. Predictors/risks of malaria infections were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the results were presented as crude (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 4454 individuals were tested using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and 1979 (44.4%) had positive results. The prevalence of malaria infections ranged from 14.4% to 68.5% and varied significantly among the villages (p

Published
2024
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42. Association between anxiety, depression symptoms, and academic burnout among Chinese students: the mediating role of resilience and self-efficacy

Author

Wanqing Liu, Ruiyun Zhang, Huan Wang, Andrew Rule, Min Wang, Cody Abbey, Manpreet K. Singh, Scott Rozelle, Xinshu She, and Lian Tong

Subjects
Academic burnout, Anxiety, Depression, Resilience, Self-efficacy, Children and adolescent, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Abstract Background To explore the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and academic burnout among children and adolescents in China, and to examine the role of resilience and self-efficacy in addressing academic burnout. Methods A total of 2,070 students in grades 4–8 were recruited from two primary and three middle schools in Shanghai, completed the Elementary School Student Burnout Scale (ESSBS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-Chinese (MASC-C), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), with 95.04% effective response rate. Multivariable regression analyses examining the associations between anxiety / depression symptoms and academic burnout (as well as the associations between resilience / self-efficacy and academic burnout) were performed using STATA 16.0 and SmartPLS 3.0. Results Anxiety symptoms (β = 0.124, p

Published
2024
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43. Multilinear oscillatory integrals and estimates for coupled systems of dispersive PDEs

Author

Bergfeldt, Aksel, Rodriguez-Lopez, Salvador, Rule, David, and Staubach, Wolfgang

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We establish sharp global regularity of a class of multilinear oscillatory integral operators that are associated to nonlinear dispersive equations with both Banach and quasi-Banach target spaces. As a consequence we also prove the (local in time) continuous dependence on the initial data for solutions of a large class of coupled systems of dispersive partial differential equations., Comment: 42 pages

Published
2023

46. Association between prolonged dual use of cigarettes and E-cigarettes and psychosocial factors among U.S. Smokers: Secondary data analysis from the 2013 to 2019 PATH study

Author

Rui Chen, Angela Aherrera, Miranda R. Jones, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Meghan F. Davis, and Ana M. Rule

Subjects
E-cigarette, Cigarette, Harm perceptions, Harm reduction, Social norms, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Objective: Dual use of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes is common among U.S. tobacco users, yet misperceptions about the harm of dual use persist, often oversimplifying its multifaceted exposure and health impacts. To address this gap, we evaluated the association of prolonged dual use (consecutive use for more than 1 year) with psychosocial factors, including perceptions of absolute and relative harm of e-cigarettes, social norms, and intentions to quit smoking, among U.S. adult smokers over time. Methods: Using the data from Waves 1 to 5 (2013–2019) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we characterized dual use and prolonged dual use by sociodemographics and psychosocial factors among U.S. adult smokers. We examined the association between dual use, including prolonged dual use, and psychosocial factors over time using logistic regression. Results: Dual use of smokers decreased from 19.8 % in 2013 to 16.4 % in 2019, and prolonged dual use among dual users decreased from 40.0 % in 2013 to 27.4 % in 2019. Prolonged dual users, independent of frequency of use, presented significantly higher cigarette dependence than temporary dual users. The perception of absolute e-cigarette harm (perceiving e-cigarettes as very or extremely harmful) was negatively associated with prolonged dual use. No significant association was found between prolonged dual use and perception of relative e-cigarette harm (perceiving e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes) as well as with intentions to quit smoking and beliefs that most people disapprove of e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Increased perceptions of absolute harm of e-cigarettes, rather than relative harm, appear to decrease prolonged dual use. Public health strategies should consider further emphasis in educating users of the absolute harm, as opposed to endorsing e-cigarette use as a harm reduction alternative, in their tobacco cessation efforts to further discourage dual use.

Published
2024
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47. Improving Kidney Health Knowledge for Acute Kidney Injury Survivors: A Multidisciplinary AKI Survivor Program

Author

Heather P. May, PharmD, MSc, Joseph R. Herges, PharmD, Brenda K. Anderson, RN, Kianoush B. Kashani, MD, Andrea G. Kattah, MD, Kristin C. Cole, MS, Rozalina G. McCoy, MD, MS, Laurie A. Meade, RN, Andrew D. Rule, MD, Diana J. Schreier, PharmD, MBA, Angeliki G. Tinaglia, RRT, LRT, and Erin F. Barreto, PharmD, MSc

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Published
2024
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