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1. Data Collection and Preprocessing in Web Usage Mining: Implementation and Analysis

Author: Mohammed Ali Mohammed, Rula A. Hamid, and Reem Razzaq AbdulHussein
Subjects: web usage mining, access log file, data collection, data preprocessing, Technology
Abstract: Data collection and data preprocessing are crucial stages in web usage mining, mainly because of the unstructured, diverse, and noisy nature of log data. During data collection, log file datasets are loaded and merged. Effective and comprehensive data preprocessing plays a vital role in ensuring the efficiency and scalability of algorithms used in the pattern discovery phase of web usage mining. This work aims to address these phases by introducing two innovative approaches. The first approach focuses on determining the device used for accessing the web, distinguishing between computers and mobile devices. The second approach aims to determine user sessions and complete paths by utilizing the referrer URL. The entire preprocessing pipeline has been implemented using the C# programming language, and the source code is available on GitHub at the following link: https://github.com/Mohammed91/Web-Usage-Mining.
Published: 2024
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2. Navigating Personal, Social, and Environmental Obstacles to Healthy Lifestyle in Jordanian Adolescents

Author: Rula A. Amr, Ahmed M. Al-Smadi, Nanda Alqutob, and Rand T. Akasheh
Subjects: Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Conclusion: These barriers may contribute to increasing childhood obesity rates in Jordan. Future interventions should prioritize creating a supportive environment that respects cultural norms, emphasizing high-quality parks, nutrition and sports education, healthier food options, student motivation, and park visits. Community engagement is crucial for fostering healthier lifestyles among Jordanian youth.
Published: 2025
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3. Management of Uveitis Patients on Anti-TNF Agents Who Develop Demyelinating Disease – A Case Series

Author: Abel Hamdan, Sumit Sharma, Kimberly Baynes, Rula A. Hajj Ali, Careen Y. Lowder, and Sunil K. Srivastava
Subjects: Drugs, Immunology, Inflammation, Retina, Treatment medical, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Abstract Background/Aims Anti-tumor necrosis factor (Anti-TNF) agents have proven beneficial for the treatment of chronic non-infectious uveitis, yet rare neurological complications and demyelinating disease can occur with their use. Management of uveitis and neurological disease after developing these rare complications is not well understood. We sought to identify these specific cases and their outcomes through a retrospective observational case series. Methods Electronic Medical Record (EMR) chart review of 394 non-infectious uveitis patients on anti-TNF therapy focused on identifying patients seen by uveitis specialists at a single institution who were on anti-TNF therapy and had developed neurological symptoms. Cases were reviewed for subsequent management and outcomes of both their neurologic and ocular inflammatory disease. Results Five (5) patients were included following complaints of neurological symptoms while on anti-TNF therapy. Subsequent demyelinating diagnosis, acute treatment, and long-term course were described. All five patients continue to be inactive at around three years of anti-TNF discontinuation. Conclusion Unidentified rare neurological symptoms and demyelinating disease associated with the use of anti-TNF agents can be detrimental to patient treatment outcomes. Emphasis is given on possible avoidance and early identification of exacerbating underlying disease through a detailed neurologic history and use of imaging when suspicion is high. Patients may have no evidence of higher neurological risk prior to starting an anti-TNF treatment. Discontinuation of an anti-TNF agent and subsequent control of disease is possible with alternative immunosuppressive treatments.
Published: 2024
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4. Fuzzy Evaluation and Benchmarking Framework for Robust Machine Learning Model in Real-Time Autism Triage Applications

Author: Ghadeer Ghazi Shayea, Mohd Hazli Mohammed Zabil, A. S. Albahri, Shahad Sabbar Joudar, Rula A. Hamid, O. S. Albahri, A. H. Alamoodi, Idrees A. Zahid, and Iman Mohamad Sharaf
Subjects: 2-Tuple linguistic Fermatean, Autism spectrum disorder, Triage, Selection, MCDM, Robust machine learning, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: Abstract In the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) triage, the robustness of machine learning (ML) models is a paramount concern. Ensuring the robustness of ML models faces issues such as model selection, criterion importance, trade-offs, and conflicts in the evaluation and benchmarking of ML models. Furthermore, the development of ML models must contend with two real-time scenarios: normal tests and adversarial attack cases. This study addresses this challenge by integrating three key phases that bridge the domains of machine learning and fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). First, the utilized dataset comprises authentic information, encompassing 19 medical and sociodemographic features from 1296 autistic patients who received autism diagnoses via the intelligent triage method. These patients were categorized into one of three triage labels: urgent, moderate, or minor. We employ principal component analysis (PCA) and two algorithms to fuse a large number of dataset features. Second, this fused dataset forms the basis for rigorously testing eight ML models, considering normal and adversarial attack scenarios, and evaluating classifier performance using nine metrics. The third phase developed a robust decision-making framework that encompasses the creation of a decision matrix (DM) and the development of the 2-tuple linguistic Fermatean fuzzy decision by opinion score method (2TLFFDOSM) for benchmarking multiple-ML models from normal and adversarial perspectives, accomplished through individual and external group aggregation of ranks. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of PCA algorithms, yielding 12 principal components with acceptable variance. In the external ranking, logistic regression (LR) emerged as the top-performing ML model in terms of the 2TLFFDOSM score (1.3370). A comparative analysis with five benchmark studies demonstrated the superior performance of our framework across all six checklist comparison points.
Published: 2024
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5. Prioritizing complex health levels beyond autism triage using fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making

Author: A. S. Albahri, Rula A. Hamid, Laith Alzubaidi, Raad Z. Homod, Khamis A. Zidan, Hassan Mubark, Ghadeer Ghazi Shayea, O. S. Albahri, and A. H. Alamoodi
Subjects: Autistic patients, Ranking, Complex emergency levels, Multi-criteria decision making, Fuzzy, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract: Abstract This study delves into the complex prioritization process for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on triaged patients at three urgency levels. Establishing a dynamic prioritization solution is challenging for resolving conflicts or trade-offs among ASD criteria. This research employs fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) theory across four methodological phases. In the first phase, the study identifies a triaged ASD dataset, considering 19 critical medical and sociodemographic criteria for the three ASD levels. The second phase introduces a new Decision Matrix (DM) designed to manage the prioritization process effectively. The third phase focuses on the new extension of Fuzzy-Weighted Zero-Inconsistency (FWZIC) to construct the criteria weights using Single-Valued Neutrosophic 2-tuple Linguistic (SVN2TL). The fourth phase formulates the Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) method to rank patients within each urgency level. Results from the SVN2TL-FWZIC weights offer significant insights, including the higher criteria values "C12 = Laughing for no reason" and "C16 = Notice the sound of the bell" with 0.097358 and 0.083832, indicating their significance in identifying potential ASD symptoms. The SVN2TL-FWZIC weights offer the base for prioritizing the three triage levels using MABAC, encompassing medical and behavioral dimensions. The methodology undergoes rigorous evaluation through sensitivity analysis scenarios, confirming the consistency of the prioritization results with critical analysis points. The methodology compares with three benchmark studies, using four distinct points, and achieves a remarkable 100% congruence with these prior investigations. The implications of this study are far-reaching, offering a valuable guide for clinical psychologists in prioritizing complex cases of ASD patients.
Published: 2024
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6. Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension

Author: Swathi Kaliki, MD, Vijitha S. Vempuluru, MD, Ido Didi Fabian, MD, Elhassan Abdallah, MD, Shehu U. Abdullahi, MD, Rula A. Abdulqader, MD, Aminatu A. Abdulrahaman, MD, Sherif Abouelnaga, MD, Dupe S. Ademola-Popoola, FMCOph, FWACS, Adedayo Adio, FWACS, Mahmoud A. Afifi, MD, Armin R. Afshar, MD, Priyanka Aggarwal, MD, Ada E. Aghaji, FMCOph MSc, Alia Ahmad, MRCPCH UK, Marliyanti N.R. Akib, MD, Adeseye M. Akinsete, MBBS, Lamis Al Harby, MD, Saleh A. Al Mesfer, MD, Mouroge H. Al Ani, MD, Silvia Alarcón Portabella, MD, Safaa A.F. Al-Badri, MD, Ana Patricia A. Alcasabas, MD, Saad A. Al-Dahmash, MD, Amanda Alejos, MD, Ernesto Alemany-Rubio, MD, Amadou I. Alfa Bio, MD, Yvania Alfonso Carreras, MD, Christiane E. Al-Haddad, MD, Hamoud H.Y. Al-Hussaini, MD, MSc, Amany M. Ali, MD, Donjeta B. Alia, MD, Mazin F. Al-Jadiry, MD, Usama Al-Jumaly, MD, Hind M. Alkatan, MD, Charlotta All-Eriksson, MD, PhD, Ali A.R.M. Al-Mafrachi, FIBMS, Argentino A. Almeida, MD, Khalifa M. Alsawidi, MD, Athar A.S.M. Al-Shaheen, MD, Entissar H. Al-Shammary, MD, Doreen Amankwaa-Frempong, MBChB, Primawita O. Amiruddin, MD, Inggar Armytasari, MD, Nicholas J. Astbury, FRCS, FRCOphth, Hatice T. Atalay, MD, Eda Ataseven, MD, La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, MD, Rose Atsiaya, OCO, Rudolf Autrata, MD, PhD, Julia Balaguer, MD, PhD, Ruhengiz Balayeva, PhD, Honorio Barranco, MD, PhD, Paulina Bartoszek, MD, Katarina Bartuma, MD, PhD, Covadonga Bascaran, MD, MSc, Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, MD, Maja Beck Popovic, MD, Ainura S. Begimkulova, MD, Sarra Benmiloud, MD, Rokia C. Berete, MD, PhD, Jesse L. Berry, MD, Anirban Bhaduri, MD, Sunil Bhat, MBBS, MD, Arpita Bhattacharyya, MD, Eva M. Biewald, MD, Elaine Binkley, MD, Sharon Blum, MD, Nadia Bobrova, MD, H. Culver Boldt, MD, Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi, MD, PhD, Gabrielle C. Bouda, MD, Hédi Bouguila, MD, PhD, Rachel C. Brennan, MD, Bénédicte G. Brichard, MD, PhD, Jassada Buaboonnam, MD, Aléine Budiongo, MD, Matthew Burton, FRCOphth, Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, MD, Doris A. Calle Jara, MD, Jayne E. Camuglia, FRANZCO, Miriam R. Cano, MD, MSc, Michael Capra, FRCPI, Shani Caspi, MD, Nathalie Cassoux, MD, PhD, Guilherme Castela, MD, Luis Castillo, MD, Jaume Català-Mora, MD, PhD, Isabel Caviedes, MD, Arthika Chandramohan, MD, Guillermo L. Chantada, MD, PhD, Shabana Chaudhry, MD, Bhavna Chawla, MD, Wensi Chen, MD, Faraja S. Chiwanga, MSc, Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, MD, PhD, Krzysztof Cieslik, MD, Antony Clark, FRANZCO, Ruellyn L. Cockcroft, MB ChB , M Med Paed, Codruta Comsa, MD, Maria G. Correa Llano, MD, Timothy W. Corson, PhD, Line Couitchere, MD, Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn, MD, MBBS, Monika Csóka, MD, PhD, Wantanee Dangboon, MD, Anirban Das, MD, Pranab Das, MD, Sima Das, MS, Jacquelyn M. Davanzo, BSN, BSPH, Alan Davidson, MBChB, MPhil, Sonia De Francesco, MD, Patrick De Potter, MD, PhD, Karina Q. Delgado, MD, PhD, Hakan Demirci, MD, Laurence Desjardins, MD, Rosdali Y. Diaz Coronado, MD, Helen Dimaras, PhD, Andrew J. Dodgshun, M Phil, Carla R. Donato Macedo, MD, Monica D. Dragomir, MD, PhD, Yi Du, MD, Magritha Du Bruyn, MD, Johannes P. Du Plessis, MMed (Paed), Gagan Dudeja, MBBS, MS, Katrin Eerme, MD, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, MD, Asmaa El Kettani, MD, Amal M. Elbahi, MD, James E. Elder, MBBS, Alaa M. Elhaddad, MD, PhD, Moawia M.A. Elhassan, MD, Mahmoud M. Elzembely, MD, Connor Ericksen, MD, Vera A. Essuman, FWACS, Ted Grimbert A. Evina, MD, Ifeoma R. Ezegwui, FMCOph, FWACS, FAEH, Zehra Fadoo, MBBS, Adriana C. Fandiño, MD, Mohammad Faranoush, MD, Oluyemi Fasina, FWACS, Delia D.P.G. Fernández, MSc, Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, MD, PhD, Allen Foster, FRCOphth, Shahar Frenkel, MD, PhD, Ligia D. Fu, MD, Soad L. Fuentes-Alabi, MD, MPH, Juan L. Garcia, MSc, David García Aldana, MD, Henry N. Garcia Pacheco, MD, Jennifer A. Geel, MBChB, MMed, Fariba Ghassemi, MD, Ana V. Girón, MD, Marco A. Goenz, MD, Aaron S. Gold, OD, Hila Golberg, MD, Glen A. Gole, MD, FRANZCO, Nir Gomel, MD, Efren Gonzalez, MD, Graciela Gonzalez Perez, MD, Liudmira González-Rodríguez, MD, Malka Gorfine, PhD, Jaime Graells, MD, Pernille A. Gregersen, MD, Nathalia D.A.K. Grigorovski, MD, Koffi M. Guedenon, MD, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD, Ahmet K. Gündüz, MD, Himika Gupta, MD, Sanjiv Gupta, MS, Vineeta Gupta, MD, Theodora Hadjistilianou, MD, Patrick Hamel, MD, Syed A. Hamid, FCPS, Norhafizah Hamzah, MSc, Eric D. Hansen, MD, J William Harbour, MD, M. Elizabeth Hartnett, MD, Murat Hasanreisoglu, MD, Sadiq Hassan, MD, FWACS, Shadab Hassan, FRCS, FCPS, Wojciech Hautz, MD, Huda A. Haydar, CHD, Stanislava Hederova, MD, Laila Hessissen, MD, Hoby Lalaina, MD, Suradej Hongeng, MD, Diriba F. Hordofa, MD, G. Baker Hubbard, MD, Marlies Hummlen, MD, Kristina Husakova, MD, Allawi N. Hussein Al-Janabi, MD, Affiong A. Ibanga, MB.BCh, FMCOph, Russo Ida, MD, Vesna R. Ilic, MD, Ziyavuddin Islamov, MD, Vivekaraj Jairaj, DNB, Teyyeb A. Janjua, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd, Irfan Jeeva, FRCOphth, Xunda Ji, MD, Dong Hyun Jo, MD, PhD, Michael M. Jones, MD, PhD, FRANZCO, Theophile B. Amani Kabesha, MD, PhD, Rolande L. Kabore, MD, Abubakar Kalinaki, MD, Pius Kamsang, MD, Mehmet Kantar, MD, Noa Kapelushnik, MD, Tamar Kardava, PhD, Rejin Kebudi, MD, Jonny Keomisy, MD, Tomas Kepak, MD, Petra Ketteler, MD, Zohora J. Khan, MD, Hussain A. Khaqan, MD, Vikas Khetan, FRCS, FACS, Alireza Khodabande, MD, Zaza Khotenashvili, MD, Jonathan W. Kim, MD, Jeong Hun Kim, MD, PhD, Hayyam Kiratli, MD, Tero T. Kivelä, MD, Artur Klett, MD, PhD, Irem Koç, MD, Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, MD, Dalia Krivaitiene, MD, PhD, Mariana Kruger, Mmed Paed, PhD, Kittisak Kulvichit, MD, Mayasari W. Kuntorini, MD, Alice Kyara, BA, Geoffrey C. Lam, FRANZCO, Scott A. Larson, MD, Slobodanka Latinović, MD, PhD, Kelly D. Laurenti, MD, Yotam Lavi, MD, PhD, Alenka Lavric Groznik, MD, Amy A. Leverant, MD, Cairui Li, MD, Kaijun Li, MD, Ben Limbu, MD, Chun-Hsiu Liu, MD, Quah Boon Long, FRCS (Ed), MMed ( Ophth), FAMS, Juan P. López, MD, Robert M. Lukamba, MD, Sandra Luna-Fineman, MD, Delfitri Lutfi, MD, Lesia Lysytsia, MD, Shiran Madgar, MD, George N. Magrath, MD, Amita Mahajan, MD, Puja Maitra, MD, Erika Maka, MD, Emil K. Makimbetov, MD, Azza M.Y. Maktabi, MD, Carlos Maldonado, MD, Ashwin Mallipatna, MD, Rebecca Manudhane, MD, Lyazat Manzhuova, MD, Nieves Martín Begue, MD, PhD, Sidra Masud, MBBS, Ibrahim O. Matende, MD, M. Med (Oph), Clarissa C.D.S. Mattosinho, MD, Marchelo Matua, BAPH, Ismail Mayet, MD, Freddy B. Mbumba, MD, MMed Paed, John D. McKenzie, MD, Azim Mehrvar, MD, Aemero A. Mengesha, MD, Vikas Menon, MD, Gary John V.D.D. Mercado, MD, Marilyn B. Mets, MD, Edoardo Midena, MD, PhD, Audra Miller, MD, Divyansh K.C. Mishra, DNB, Furahini G. Mndeme, MD, Ahmed A. Mohamedani, FRCPath, Mona T. Mohammad, MD, FRCS, Annette C. Moll, MD, PhD, Margarita M. Montero, MD, Claude Moreira, MD, PhD, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS, Mchikirwa S. Msina, MMed Ophth, Gerald Msukwa, MMed Ophth, Sangeeta S. Mudaliar, DNB Pediatric, Hassan Muhammad, MD, Kangwa I. Muma, MMed Ophth, FCOphth, Francis L. Munier, MD, Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA, Kareem O. Musa, FWACS, FMCOphth, FICO, Asma Mushtaq, MD, Anne A. Musika, MD, Hamzah Mustak, MD, Tajudeen Mustapha, MBBS, FWACS, Okwen M. Muyen, MD, Khumo H. Myezo, Msc, Gita Naidu, MMed Paed, PhD, Natasha Naidu, MBCHB, FCS Ophthalmol, Akshay Gopinathan Nair, MD, Sundaram Natarajan, FRCS, Larisa Naumenko, MD, PhD, Paule Aïda Ndoye Roth, MD PhD, Yetty M. Nency, MD, Vladimir Neroev, MD, PhD, Yvonne Ng, MBChB ( Auckland) , FRANZCO, Marina Nikitovic, MD, PhD, Elizabeth D. Nkanga, FMCOph, Henry E. Nkumbe, MD, Marcel N. Numbi, MD, Kalle Nummi, MD, Murtuza Nuruddin, FRCS, Mutale Nyaywa, MD, MMed Ophth, FCOphth, Chinsisi Nyirenda, MD, Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, MD, Scott C.N. Oliver, MD, Joaquin Ooporto, MD, Miriam Ortega-Hernández, MD, Alexander Oscar, MD, Diego Ossandon, MD, Halimah Pagarra, MD, PhD, Vivian Paintsil, FWACP, Luisa Paiva, MD, Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, FRCSED, Ruzanna Papyan, MD, Raffaele Parrozzani, MD, PhD, Claudia R. Pascual Morales, MD, Katherine E. Paton, MD, FRCSC, Jacob Pe'er, MD, Jesús Peralta Calvo, MD, Sanja Perić, MD, PhD, Chau T.M. Pham, MD, Remezo Philbert, MD, David A. Plager, MD, Pavel Pochop, MD, PhD, Rodrigo A. Polania, MD, Vladimir Polyakov, MD, Jimena Ponce, MD, Ali O. Qadir, MD, Seema Qayyum, FCPS, Jiang Qian, MD, Ardizal Rahman, MD, Purnima Rajkarnikar, MD, Rajesh Ramanjulu, MD, Aparna Ramasubramanian, MD, Marco A. Ramirez-Ortiz, MD, MPH, Jasmeen K. Randhawa, BA, Léa Raobela, MD, Riffat Rashid, MS, M. Ashwin Reddy, FRCOphth, Lorna A. Renner, FRCPCH (UK), David Reynders, MD, Dahiru Ribadu, FMCOph, Petra Ritter-Sovinz, MD, Anna Rogowska, MD, Duangnate Rojanaporn, MD, Livia Romero, MD, Soma R. Roy, DCO, Raya H. Saab, MD, Svetlana Saakyan, MD, PhD, Ahmed H. Sabhan, MD, Mandeep S. Sagoo, FRCS (Ed), Azza M.A. Said, MD, Rohit Saiju, MD, Beatriz Salas, MD, Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, MD, Gissela L. Sánchez, MD, Alma Janeth Sanchez Orozco, MD, Phayvanh Sayalith, MD, Trish A. Scanlan, MRCPI, MSc, Christoph Schwab, MD, Ahad Sedaghat, MD, Rachna Seth, DNB MNAMS, Mariana Sgroi, MD, Ankoor S. Shah, MD, PhD, Shawkat A. Shakoor, MS, Manoj K. Sharma, MD, Sadik T. Sherief, MD, Carol L. Shields, MD, David Sia, MB ChB, FRANZCO, Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, MD, Sidi Sidi cheikh, MD, PhD, Sónia Silva, MD, Arun D. Singh, MD, Usha Singh, MS, Penny Singha, MD, Rita S. Sitorus, MD, PhD, Alison H. Skalet, MD, PhD, Hendrian D. Soebagjo, MD, PhD, Tetyana Sorochynska, MD, PhD, Grace Ssali, MD, Andrew W. Stacey, MD, Sandra E. Staffieri, PhD, Erin D. Stahl, MD, David M. Steinberg, PhD, David K. Stones, MBChB, FCPaed, Caron Strahlendorf, MD, Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, MD, Sadia Sultana, FCPS, Xiantao Sun, MD, Rosanne Superstein, MD, Eddy Supriyadi, MD, PhD, Supawan Surukrattanaskul, MD, Shigenobu Suzuki, MD, PhD, Karel Svojgr, MD, PhD, Fatoumata Sylla, MD, Gevorg Tamamyan, MD, PhD, Deborah Tan, MBBS, Alketa Tandili, MD, PhD, Jing Tang, MD, Fanny F. Tarrillo Leiva, MD, Maryam Tashvighi, MD, Bekim Tateshi, MD, PhD, Kok Hoi Teh, MD, Edi S. Tehuteru, MD, Luiz F. Teixeira, MD, Manca Tekavcic Pompe, MD, PhD, Abdullah Dahan M. Thawaba, MD, Tuyisabe Theophile, MSc, Helen Toledano, MBChB, Doan L. Trang, MD, Fousseyni Traoré, MD, Devjyoti Tripathy, MD, Samuray Tuncer, MD, Harba Tyau-Tyau, MD, Ali B. Umar, MD, FMCPath, Emel Unal, MD, Ogul E. Uner, BA, Steen F. Urbak, MD, PhD, Tatiana L. Ushakova, MD, Rustam H. Usmanov, MD, Sandra Valeina, MD, Paola Valente, MD, Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, MD, Jacqueline Karina Vasquez Anchaya, MD, Leon O. Vaughan, FRCS (Ed), Nevyana V. Veleva-Krasteva, MD, PhD, Nishant Verma, MD, Andi A. Victor, MD, PhD, Maris Viksnins, MD, Edwin G. Villacís Chafla, MD, Victor M. Villegas, MD, Victoria Vishnevskia-Dai, MD, Keith Waddell, DM, FRCP, FRCS, FRCOphth, Amina H. Wali, MD, FMCOph Nigeria, Yi-Zhuo Wang, MD, Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay, MD, FICO, Julie A. Wetter, MMed Rad Onc, FCRad Onc, Widiarti P. Riono, MD, Matthew W. Wilson, MD, Amelia D.C. Wime, MD, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, MD, Damrong Wiwatwongwana, MD, Charlotte Wolley Dod, MD, Emily S. Wong, FCOphth HK, FHKAM, Phanthipha Wongwai, MD, PhD, Si-qi Wu, MSc, Daoman Xiang, MD, PhD, Yishuang Xiao, MSc, Bing Xu, MD, Kang Xue, MD, Antonio Yaghy, MD, Jason C. Yam, FRCSEd, Huasheng Yang, MD, Jenny M. Yanga, MD, Muhammad A. Yaqub, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd, Vera A. Yarovaya, MD, Andrey A. Yarovoy, MD, PhD, Huijing Ye, MD, Roberto I. Yee, MD, Yacoub A. Yousef, MD, Putu Yuliawati, MD, Arturo M. López, MD, Ekhtelbenina Zein, MD, Yi Zhang, MD, PhD, Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, MD, Nida Zia, MBBS, MCPS, Othman A.O. Ziko, MD, PhD, Marcia Zondervan, MBA, Sabrina Schlüter, MD, and Richard Bowman, FRCOphth
Subjects: External beam radiotherapy, Extraocular extension, Multimodal treatment, Retinoblastoma, Tumor, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Purpose: To study the treatment and outcomes of children with retinoblastoma (RB) with extraocular tumor extension (RB-EOE) and compare them with RB without extraocular tumor extension (RB-w/o-EOE). Design: Multicenter intercontinental collaborative prospective study from 2017 to 2020. RB-EOE cases included those with overt orbital tumor extension in treatment-naive patients. Cases with microscopic orbital extension detected postenucleation were excluded from the study. Participants: A total of 319 children with RB-EOE and 3116 children with RB-w/o-EOE. Intervention: Chemotherapy, enucleation, exenteration, radiotherapy. Main Outcome Measures: Systemic metastasis and death. Results: Of the 3435 RB patients included in this study, 309 (9%) were from low-income countries (LIC), 1448 (42%) from lower-middle income, 1012 (29%) from upper-middle income, and 666 (19%) patients from high-income countries. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of RB-EOE and national income level, with 96 (31%) patients from LIC, 197 (6%) lower-middle income, 20 (2%) upper-middle income, and 6 (1%) patients from high-income countries (P = 0.0001). The outcomes were statistically significant for RB-EOE compared with RB-w/o-EOE: systemic metastasis (32% vs. 4% respectively; P = 0.0001) and metastasis-related death (63% vs. 6% respectively; P = 0.0001). Multimodal treatment was the most common form of treatment (n = 177; 54%) for RB-EOE, with most cases undergoing a combination of intravenous chemotherapy and enucleation (n = 97; 30%). Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after surgery (enucleation/orbital exenteration) was given in only 68 (21%) cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis for systemic metastasis and metastasis-related death in RB-EOE was 28% and 57% at 1 year, 29% and 60% at 2 years, and 29% and 61% at 3 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk of death from RB-EOE was greater in patients aged >4 years than
Published: 2025
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7. Understanding the Association of Self-Efficacy, Mood, and Demographics with Physical Activity in Syrian and Iraqi Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

Author: Rula A. Amr, Ahmed M. Al-Smadi, Rula A. Deiranieh, Romel A. Amr, Amal H. Mayyas, and Rand T. Akasheh
Subjects: Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Objective. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the influence of sociodemographic factors on physical activity among Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Jordan. In addition, it sought to determine the predictive ability of self-efficacy and mood in relation to the level of physical activity in this population. Methods. A convenient sample of refugees residing in Jordanian cities was collected. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire pack consisting of a demographic data sheet, a physical activity level questionnaire, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze demographic details, while the chi-square test examined the association between physical activity and demographic factors. The independent t-test assessed differences in self-efficacy and mood subscales in relation to physical activity. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify potential predictors of the two categories of physical activity. Results. Most participants reported low levels of physical activity. The frequency of moderate-to-high physical activity was higher in male participants, those with higher education, better health, and higher income. Compared to participants of low physical activity, those in the moderate-to-high physical activity category expressed significantly higher mean score of self-efficacy but lower mean scores of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion, indicating better mood. The logistic regression analysis for physical activity indicated that the model was significant for education, income, good health perception, self-efficacy, and one mood subscale (vigor), with these variables collectively accounting for 11–18% of the variance (P value
Published: 2023
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8. Intelligent triage method for early diagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods

Author: Shahad Sabbar Joudar, A.S. Albahri, and Rula A. Hamid
Subjects: Autism, ASD, Triage, Fuzzy Delphi, MCDM, FWZIC, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and severity levels vary from patient to patient, so treatment and healthcare will vary. However, little attention has been given to developing an autistic triage method for ASD patients concerning four issues: hybrid triage criteria, multi-selection criteria problems, criteria importance, and trade-off based on the inverse relationship between autistic criteria. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new method for triaging ASD patients and classifying them according to their severity of disorder using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (fMCDM) methods. Methods: Two methodology phases have been conducted: the first phase is to identify and preprocess the ASD dataset, including 988 autistic patients with 42 medical and Sociodemographic criteria. In the second phase, two fMCDM methods were used to develop the triage method. The fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is used to select the most influential criteria among the 42 based on thirteen psychologists in the psychological field. Then Fuzzy-Weighted Zero-Inconsistency (FWZIC) is used to assign weights to the important criteria according to four psychologists' opinions. Accordingly, the Processes for Triaging Autism Patients (PTAP) method has been developed for the first time for triaging and classifying patients into three severity levels: minor, moderate, and urgent. Results: For the preprocessed phase, 538 out of 988 patients were obtained as a new ASD dataset underwent data cleaning to capture only autism patients. For the second phase, the FDM results have selected 19 out of 42 criteria and can control the bias of psychologists' opinions, FWZIC has assigned the appropriate weights for the 19 criteria, and the PTAP method triages the 538 patients into three severity levels: 36 minor injuries, 432 moderate injuries, and 70 urgent injuries. More complex statistical analyses have been presented using MedCalc statistical software. Three physicians in the psychological field gave their subjective judgements for the diagnosis of 46 random samples of patients. The sensitivity results were 86.67%, 80%, and 90.91%, while the specificity results were 93.55%, 88.46%, and 94.29% for urgent, moderate, and minor levels, respectively. In addition, the accuracy was 91.30% for urgent, 84.78% for moderate, and 93.48% for minor. This assessment led to a deduction that a proposed ASD triage method can be applied with high performance. Conclusions: The developed triage method can be used for early autism diagnosis application and support clinical treatment utilizing the advantages of fMCDM techniques of multidimensional criteria. Four medical criteria were selected from the psychologists, while Sociodemographic acquired high attention with 15 selected criteria. For the correlation analysis of the 19 used criteria, the ‘Wave’ criterion has the highest correlation with the triage level and obtained 0.4523. On the contrary, the “Pointing with the index finger” criterion has the lowest correlation and obtained −0.0542. Limitations and future works have also been reported in this study. The study confirms the efficacy of the proposed triage method compared with previous studies in five comparative points with 100%.
Published: 2023
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9. Outcomes Following Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With and Without Rheumatic Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

Author: Heba Wassif, Marwan Saad, Rajul Desai, Rula A. Hajj‐Ali, Venu Menon, Pulkit Chaudhury, Michael Nakhla, Rishi Puri, Sameer Prasada, Grant W. Reed, Khaled Ziada, Samir Kapadia, Milind Desai, and Amgad Mentias
Subjects: immune medicated inflammatory diseases, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Rheumatic immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with high risk of acute coronary syndrome. The long‐term prognosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with rheumatic IMIDs is not well studied. Methods and Results We identified Medicare beneficiaries admitted with a primary diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) from 2014 to 2019. Outcomes of patients with MI and concomitant rheumatic IMIDs including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, or psoriasis were compared with propensity matched control patients without rheumatic IMIDs. One‐to‐three propensity‐score matching was done for exact age, sex, race, ST‐segment–elevation MI, and non–ST‐segment–elevation MI variables and greedy approach on other comorbidities. The study primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. The study cohort included 1 654 862 patients with 3.6% prevalence of rheumatic IMIDs, the most common of which was rheumatoid arthritis, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with rheumatic IMIDs were younger, more likely to be women, and more likely to present with non–ST‐segment–elevation MI. Patients with rheumatic IMIDs were less likely to undergo coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting. After propensity‐score matching, at median follow up of 24 months (interquartile range 9–45), the risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.14–1.17]), heart failure (HR, 1.12 [95% CI 1.09–1.14]), recurrent MI (HR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.06–1.11]), and coronary reintervention (HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.01–1.13]) (P
Published: 2022
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10. The Degree of Satisfaction of Multicultural Non-Native Speakers of Arabic with a Training Program: A Case of Faculty Members

Author: Khalid M. A. Sheirah, Ahmad Tawalbeh, and Rula Abu-Elrob
Abstract: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of training on non-native speakers of Arabic at a university in Saudi Arabia from their point of view by determining the degree of their satisfaction in terms of four aspects: benefits of the offered training, trainers' performance, organizational effectiveness of the training program and the difficulties encountered by the trainees during training. The study examined whether there are differences in the averages of the trainees' responses according to the number of their previous training courses. The surveyed sample consisted of 29 trainees chosen by the intentional method. To pursue the aim of the study, both quantitative and qualitative designs were used. A questionnaire consisting of 24 items was developed and the descriptive analytical method was used.? The results showed that the average responses of the trainees in the areas of the scale as a whole were high according to the statistical standards followed in the study with an arithmetic average of (3.88). The benefit and the organization aspects of the training course received an arithmetic average of (4.63), the trainer's performance came next with an average of (4.61). In the last place is the aspect of difficulties with an average of 1.67, which is at a weak level. The study also found that there are no significant differences between the trainees' responses to the first three aspects according to the number of previous training courses the trainees attended. ?However, there are statistically significant differences for the fourth aspect 'difficulties encountered by the trainees', as the value of (f) is (5.34). The study offers insights into the usefulness of holding such a training program for refining the skills of the trainees and enhancing their teaching strategies to create a better classroom environment.
Published: 2024

11. Diagnosis-Based Hybridization of Multimedical Tests and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques: A Systematic Review

Author: M. E. Alqaysi, A. S. Albahri, and Rula A. Hamid
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobehavioral condition that begins in childhood and continues throughout life, affecting communication and verbal and behavioral skills. It is challenging to discover autism in the early stages of life, which prompted researchers to intensify efforts to reach the best solutions to treat this challenge by introducing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms, which played an essential role in greatly assisting the medical and healthcare staff and trying to obtain the highest predictive results for autism spectrum disorder. This study is aimed at systematically reviewing the literature related to the criteria, including multimedical tests and sociodemographic characteristics in AI techniques and ML contributions. Accordingly, this study checked the Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct (SD), IEEE Xplore digital library, and Scopus databases. A set of 944 articles from 2017 to 2021 is collected to reveal a clear picture and better understand all the academic literature through a definitive collection of 40 articles based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles were divided based on similarity, objective, and aim evidence across studies. They are divided into two main categories: the first category is “diagnosis of ASD based on questionnaires and sociodemographic features” (n=39). This category contains a subsection that consists of three categories: (a) early diagnosis of ASD towards analysis, (b) diagnosis of ASD towards prediction, and (c) diagnosis of ASD based on resampling techniques. The second category consists of “diagnosis ASD based on medical and family characteristic features” (n=1). This multidisciplinary systematic review revealed the taxonomy, motivations, recommendations, and challenges of diagnosis ASD research in utilizing AI techniques and ML algorithms that need synergistic attention. Thus, this systematic review performs a comprehensive science mapping analysis and identifies the open issues that help accomplish the recommended solution of diagnosis ASD research. Finally, this study critically reviews the literature and attempts to address the diagnosis ASD research gaps in knowledge and highlights the available ASD datasets, AI techniques and ML algorithms, and the feature selection methods that have been collected from the final set of articles.
Published: 2022
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12. Beirut Port Blast: Use of Electronic Health Record System During a Mass Casualty Event

Author: Hitti, Eveline, Hadid, Dima, Saliba, Miriam, Sadek, Zouhair, Jabbour, Rima, Antoun, Rula, and El Sayed, Mazen
Subjects: Disaster Response, Emergency Preparedness Plan, Mass Casualty Incidents, Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records, disaster response, Emergency Preparedness Plan, Mass Casualty Incidents, Electronic Medical Records
Abstract: Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) play a central role in deﬁning the effectiveness and quality of the overall hospital’s mass casualty incident (MCI) response. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in hospital settings has been rapidly growing globally. There is, however, a paucity of literature on the use and performance of EHR during MCIs.Methods: In this study we aimed to describe EHR use, as well as the challenges and lessons learnt in response to the 2020 explosion in the Port of Beirut, Lebanon, during which the hospital received over 360 casualties.Results: Information technology support, reducing EHR system restrictions, cross-function training, focus on registration and patient identiﬁcation, patient ﬂow and tracking, mobility and bedside access, and alternate sites of care are all important areas to focus on during emergency/disaster response planning.Conclusion: Innovative solutions that help address logistical challenges for different aspects of the disaster response are needed.
Published: 2024

13. Diabetes knowledge and behaviour: a cross-sectional study of Jordanian adults

Author: Amr, Rula A., Al-Smadi, Ahmed M., and Akasheh, Rand T.
Published: 2025
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14. Molecular mechanisms underlying glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion in human duodenal organoids

Author: Guccio, Nunzio, Alcaino, Constanza, Miedzybrodzka, Emily L., Santos-Hernández, Marta, Smith, Christopher A., Davison, Adam, Bany Bakar, Rula, Kay, Richard G., Reimann, Frank, and Gribble, Fiona M.
Published: 2025
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15. Abiotic triggers for maximising germling numbers in Asparagopsis taxiformis (Rhodophyta, Bonnemaisoniales) via tetrasporogenesis

Author: Theobald, Emma J., Rule, Margaret B., Jackson, Timothy L., Rula, Najeen A., Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo, and Jackson, Emma L.
Published: 2024
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16. Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work Practice in Jordan: A Qualitative Study

Author: Alnajdawi, Ann Mousa and Alsawalqa, Rula Odeh
Published: 2024
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17. KGHeartBeat: A Knowledge Graph Quality Assessment Tool

Author: Pellegrino, Maria Angela, Rula, Anisa, Tuozzo, Gabriele, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Meroño Peñuela, Albert, editor, Corcho, Oscar, editor, Groth, Paul, editor, Simperl, Elena, editor, Tamma, Valentina, editor, Nuzzolese, Andrea Giovanni, editor, Poveda-Villalón, Maria, editor, Sabou, Marta, editor, Presutti, Valentina, editor, Celino, Irene, editor, Revenko, Artem, editor, Raad, Joe, editor, Sartini, Bruno, editor, and Lisena, Pasquale, editor
Published: 2025
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18. Blockchain Based Efficient Pairing-Free Certificateless Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network

Author: Yu, Meiju, Sa, Rula, Zhang, Jin, Zhao, Yi, An, Qi, Gao, Qiaomei, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gaaloul, Walid, editor, Sheng, Michael, editor, Yu, Qi, editor, and Yangui, Sami, editor
Published: 2025
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19. Enhancing LLMs Contextual Knowledge with Ontologies for Personalised Food Recommendation

Author: Bagozi, Ada, Bianchini, Devis, Melchiori, Michele, Rula, Anisa, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Barhamgi, Mahmoud, editor, Wang, Hua, editor, and Wang, Xin, editor
Published: 2025
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20. KGHeartBeat: An Open Source Tool for Periodically Evaluating the Quality of Knowledge Graphs

Author: Pellegrino, Maria Angela, Rula, Anisa, Tuozzo, Gabriele, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Demartini, Gianluca, editor, Hose, Katja, editor, Acosta, Maribel, editor, Palmonari, Matteo, editor, Cheng, Gong, editor, Skaf-Molli, Hala, editor, Ferranti, Nicolas, editor, Hernández, Daniel, editor, and Hogan, Aidan, editor
Published: 2025
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21. Educide amid conflict: the struggle of the Palestinian education system

Author: Iriqat, Dalal, Alousi, Rula, Aldahdouh, Tahani Z., AlDahdouh, Alaa, Dankar, Iman, Alburai, Dima, Buheji, Mohamed, and Hassoun, Abdo
Published: 2025
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22. Evaluation and benchmarking of hybrid machine learning models for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis using a 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic fuzzy sets-based decision-making model

Author: Alqaysi, M. E., Albahri, A. S., and Hamid, Rula A.
Published: 2024
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23. A comprehensive review of deep learning power in steady-state visual evoked potentials

Author: Al-Qaysi, Z. T., Albahri, A. S., Ahmed, M. A., Hamid, Rula A., Alsalem, M. A., Albahri, O. S., Alamoodi, A. H., Homod, Raad Z., Shayea, Ghadeer Ghazi, and Duhaim, Ali M.
Published: 2024
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24. Single-cell analysis of chromatin and expression reveals age- and sex-associated alterations in the human heart

Author: Read, David F., Booth, Gregory T., Daza, Riza M., Jackson, Dana L., Gladden, Rula Green, Srivatsan, Sanjay R., Ewing, Brent, Franks, Jennifer M., Spurrell, Cailyn H., Gomes, Anne Roshella, O’Day, Diana, Gogate, Aishwarya A., Martin, Beth K., Larson, Haleigh, Pfleger, Christian, Starita, Lea, Lin, Yiing, Shendure, Jay, Lin, Shin, and Trapnell, Cole
Published: 2024
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25. Jordanian nursing students’ experience of harassment in clinical care settings

Author: Masadeh, Arwa, Al-Rimawi, Rula, Salem, Aziza, and Masa’deh, Rami
Published: 2024
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26. Correction: Integrin-linked kinase-frizzled 7 interaction maintains cancer stem cells to drive platinum resistance in ovarian cancer

Author: Atwani, Rula, Nagare, Rohit Pravin, Rogers, Amber, Prasad, Mayuri, Lazar, Virginie, Sandusky, George, Tong, Yan, Pin, Fabrizio, and Condello, Salvatore
Published: 2024
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27. Integrin-linked kinase-frizzled 7 interaction maintains cancer stem cells to drive platinum resistance in ovarian cancer

Author: Atwani, Rula, Nagare, Rohit Pravin, Rogers, Amber, Prasad, Mayuri, Lazar, Virginie, Sandusky, George, Tong, Yan, Pin, Fabrizio, and Condello, Salvatore
Published: 2024
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28. Entrepreneurial universities and integrated sustainability for the knowledge-based economy: self-perception and some structural challenges in the Gulf region

Author: Zaidan, Esmat, Momani, Rula, and Al-Saidi, Mohammad
Published: 2024
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29. Pharmacy faculty experiences with student academic entitlement: a multinational study from the Arab world

Author: Hammoudi Halat, Dalal, Alsous, Mervat M., Al-Jumaili, Ali Azeez, Malki, Ahmed, Ahmed, Kawther Khalid, Hamad, Anas, Darwish, Rula, Thomas, Dixon, Bukhatwa, Salma, Khdour, Maher, Alkhudair, Nora, Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali, Khalifa, Sherif, Alsharif, Naser Z., and Rahal, Mohamad
Published: 2024
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30. Workplace cyberbullying and social capital among Jordanian university academic staff: a cross-sectional study

Author: Alrawashdeh, Maissa N., Alsawalqa, Rula Odeh, Alnajdawi, Ann, Aljboor, Rami, AlTwahya, Fawzi, and Ibrahim, Abdullah Mahmod
Published: 2024
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31. Enhancing the notification system for surveillance of infectious diseases in Qatar during the FIFA World Cup 2022: project overview

Author: Ibrahim, Wafa, Himatt, Sayed, Heikal, Sara, Al Shamali, Maha, Jabbar, Raihana, Elshareif, Tasneem, Bakiri, Agnes, Mahmoud, Montaha, Shami, Rula, Saeed, Hanaa, Shami, Ghaydah Al, Omer, Douaa, Barakat, Esraa, Mahadoon, Lylu, Elshaikh, Taysser, Rahma, Rania, Omer, Entesar, Elbourdiny, Aiman, Al Romaihi, Hamad, Al Thani, Mohamed, and Sallam, Mohamed
Published: 2024
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32. Correction: METTL3 exerts synergistic effects on m6A methylation and histone modification to regulate the function of VGF in lung adenocarcinoma

Author: Shi, Kesong, Sa, Rula, Dou, Le, Wu, Yuan, Dong, Zhiqiang, Fu, Xinyao, and Yu, Haiquan
Published: 2024
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33. Identifying training needs of practising community pharmacists in Jordan—a self-assessment study

Author: Alnahar, Saja A., Darwish, Rula M., Al Qasas, Shatha Z., Al Shabani, Mayada M., and Bates, Ian
Published: 2024
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34. School-Based Practicum and Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Efficacy: Impact and Challenges

Author: Altarawneh, Awad Faek, Alkhazaleh, Mahmoud, Alkhazaleh, Ziad M., and Tarawneh, Rula Tahsin
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of school-based practicum experience on the self-efficacy of pre-service teachers (PTs) enrolled in Teacher Education Professional Diploma (TEPD) in Jordanian universities. The study followed mixed methods research. In the quantitative part, an online questionnaire was administered to 134 pre-service teachers (PTs) at the outset of the practicum program. Then it was readministered to the same sample after completing the practicum. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were conducted after the practicum program to investigate the skills acquired by PTs during the school practicum and to identify the challenges, they faced during the school practicum experience. In the qualitative part, a total of 18 students voluntarily participated in the interviews. Results showed that the school-based practicum experience had a statistically significant effect on the overall mean scores of the PTs' self-efficacy in the pre-and post-applications and each study area (instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement). Furthermore, PTs reported several challenges during the school practicum, including the role of the academic supervisor, the cooperating school, the cooperating teacher, the nature of the TEPD program, and dealing with students.
Published: 2023

35. Procedural Text Mining with Large Language Models

Author: Rula, Anisa and D'Souza, Jennifer
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: Recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing, particularly the development of large-scale language models that are pretrained on vast amounts of knowledge, are creating novel opportunities within the realm of Knowledge Engineering. In this paper, we investigate the usage of large language models (LLMs) in both zero-shot and in-context learning settings to tackle the problem of extracting procedures from unstructured PDF text in an incremental question-answering fashion. In particular, we leverage the current state-of-the-art GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) model, accompanied by two variations of in-context learning that involve an ontology with definitions of procedures and steps and a limited number of samples of few-shot learning. The findings highlight both the promise of this approach and the value of the in-context learning customisations. These modifications have the potential to significantly address the challenge of obtaining sufficient training data, a hurdle often encountered in deep learning-based Natural Language Processing techniques for procedure extraction., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted to The Twelfth International Conference on Knowledge Capture (K-Cap 2023)
Published: 2023

36. Cervical Cancer Screening Among Older Garifuna Women Residing in New York City

Author: Rockson, Lois and Btoush, Rula
Published: 2024
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37. A phytotherapeutic approach to hinder the resistance against clindamycin by MRSA: in vitro and in silico studies

Author: Amal Mayyas, Ali Al-Samydai, Nehaya Al-Karablieh, Waleed A Zalloum, Deniz Al-Tawalbeh, Farah Al-Mamoori, Rula A. Amr, Hamdi Al Nsairat, Simone Carradori, Lidia Kamal Al-Halaseh, and Talal Aburjai
Subjects: Antibiotic resistance, essential oils, MRSA, phytotherapy, quorum sensing, AgrA, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Aims This study investigates the potential effects of essential oils (EOs) in enhancing the efficacy of clindamycin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using in vitro and computer simulations. The research seeks to identify essential oils that exhibit synergistic activity with clindamycin and determine their potential key active components.Materials and Methods Essential oils commonly used in traditional medicine were tested for their antimicrobial activity against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using in vitro microdilution assays. A synergistic test with clindamycin was performed, and molecular docking studies evaluated the interaction between a key compound (trans-cinnamaldehyde) and MRSA protein.Results EOs from Cinnamomum verum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris demonstrated significant inhibitory and synergistic activities against MRSA, standard strain, and human clinical isolates. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy identified trans-cinnamaldehyde, eucalyptol, and thymol as prominent antibacterial compounds. Molecular docking studies confirmed trans-cinnamaldehyde’s strong binding to MRSA’s AgrA protein, elucidating its enhanced efficacy.Conclusion The study underscores the potential of plant-based therapies to augment the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics like clindamycin in combating MRSA and addressing antibiotic resistance by integrating traditional plant remedies with modern medical approaches.
Published: 2025
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38. Is interleukin-1 blockade a therapeutic option for patients with palindromic rheumatism?

Author: Jeries, Helana, Daood, Rula, and Naffaa, Mohammad E.
Published: 2024
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39. A novel secure cryptography model for data transmission based on Rotor64 technique

Author: Obeidat, Ibrahim, Mughaid, Ala, AlZu’bi, Shadi, AL-Arjan, Ahmed, AL-Amrat, Rula, AL-Ajmi, Rathaa, AL-Hayajneh, Razan, Abuhaija, Belal, and Abualigah, Laith
Published: 2024
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40. Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine.

Author: Klink, Amy, Rula, Oleksandr, Sushko, Mykola, Bezymennyi, Maksym, Mezinov, Oleksandr, Gaidash, Oleksandr, Bai, Xiao, Stegniy, Anton, Sapachova, Maryna, Datsenko, Roman, Skorokhod, Sergiy, Nedosekov, Vitalii, Hill, Nichola, Ninua, Levan, Kovalenko, Ganna, Ducluzeau, Anne, Mezhenskyi, Andriy, Buttler, Jeremy, Drown, Devin, Causey, Douglas, Stegniy, Borys, Gerilovych, Anton, Bortz, Eric, and Muzyka, Denys
Subjects: APMV, Azov-Black Sea region in Ukraine, minion, next-generation sequencing, surveillance of avian paramyxoviruses, viral ecology, wild birds, Animals, Newcastle disease virus, Ukraine, Phylogeny, Animals, Wild, Birds, Avulavirus
Abstract: Emerging RNA virus infections are a growing concern among domestic poultry industries due to the severe impact they can have on flock health and economic livelihoods. Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV; avulaviruses, AaV) are pathogenic, negative-sense RNA viruses that cause serious infections in the respiratory and central nervous systems. APMV was detected in multiple avian species during the 2017 wild bird migration season in Ukraine and studied using PCR, virus isolation, and sequencing. Of 4090 wild bird samples collected, mostly from southern Ukraine, eleven isolates were grown in ovo and identified for APMV serotype by hemagglutinin inhibition test as: APMV-1, APMV-4, APMV-6, and APMV-7. To build One Healths capacity to characterize APMV virulence and analyze the potential risks of spillover to immunologically naïve populations, we sequenced virus genomes in veterinary research labs in Ukraine using a nanopore (MinION) platform. RNA was extracted and amplified using a multiplex tiling primer approach to specifically capture full-length APMV-1 (n = 5) and APMV-6 (n = 2) genomes at high read depth. All APMV-1 and APMV-6 fusion (F) proteins possessed a monobasic cleavage site, suggesting these APMVs were likely low virulence, annually circulating strains. Utilization of this low-cost method will identify gaps in viral evolution and circulation in this understudied but important critical region for Eurasia.
Published: 2023

41. A Survey of Limitations and Future Directions of Antenna Design for UAV Applications.

Author: Amjad T. Altakhaineh, Sarah A. Alsarayreh, Rula Alrawashdeh, Kaled Rabie, and Fatima Sharari
Published: 2024
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42. Exploring Large Language Models for Procedure Extraction from Documents.

Author: Anisa Rula and Jennifer D'Souza 0001
Published: 2024

43. Sustainability in the Digital Age: Impact of Digital Transformation on Sustainability

Author: Wedaa, Rula, Bolatan, Gulin Idil S., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Çebi, Ferhan, editor, Tekin, Ahmet Tezcan, editor, Çorum, Adnan, editor, Cömert, Gizem Deniz, editor, and Bolatan, Gulin Idil S., editor
Published: 2024
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44. Engaging Pre-Service Teachers in Critical Reflective Practice in a Private Higher Education Institution in Lebanon

Author: Bahous, Rima, Diab, Rula, Cirocki, Andrzej, editor, Wyatt, Mark, editor, and Gao, Xuesong (Andy), editor
Published: 2024
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45. Toward a Human-in-the-Loop Approach to Create Training Datasets for RDF Lexicalisation

Author: Barbato, Jessica Amianto, Cremaschi, Marco, Rula, Anisa, Maurino, Andrea, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Arai, Kohei, editor
Published: 2024
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46. Targeting interleukin-6 pathways in giant cell arteritis management: A narrative review of evidence

Author: Samson, Maxime, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Sammel, Anthony M., Salvarani, Carlo, Pagnoux, Christian, Hajj-Ali, Rula, Schmidt, Wolfgang A., and Cid, Maria C.
Published: 2025
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47. Office-Based Diagnostic Imaging Interpreted by Nonphysician Practitioners: Characteristics, Recent Trends, and State Variation

Author: Christensen, Eric W., Case, Clinton T., Morris, Robert W., Pelzl, Casey E., Rula, Elizabeth Y., and Duszak, Richard, Jr.
Published: 2025
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48. Evolving Trainee Participation in Radiologists’ Workload Using A National Medicare-Focused Analysis From 2008 to 2020

Author: Burns, Judah, Chung, YoonKyung, Rula, Elizabeth Y., Duszak, Richard, Jr., and Rosenkrantz, Andrew B.
Published: 2025
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49. 1. A Protocol Study for a Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development Scales

Author: Asgarabad, Mojtaba Habibi, primary, Yegaei, Pardis Salehi, additional, Azami-Aghdash, Saber, additional, Zaru, Rula, additional, Hadi, Narges, additional, Martin, Nicole, additional, and Trejos-Castillo, Elizabeth, additional
Published: 2024
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50. Assessing health literacy among adult outpatients attending allied health clinics in western Sydney: A cross-sectional survey using a multidimensional instrument

Author: Hobbs, Kim, Muscat, Danielle Marie, Ceprnja, Dragana, Gibson, Jodi-Anne, Blumenthal, Caron, Milad, Rula, Burns, Chris, Dennis, Sarah, Lau, Timothea, and Flood, Victoria
Published: 2022

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