42 results on '"Rukavishnikov I"'
Search Results
2. 21-Day Dry Immersion: Schedule of Investigations and Major Results
- Author
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Tomilovskaya, E. S., Rukavishnikov, I. V., Amirova, L. E., Shigueva, T. A., Saveko, A. A., Kitov, V. V., Vassilieva, G. Yu., Ponomarev, S. A., Smirnova, T. A., Kozlovskaya, I. B., and Orlov, O. I.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Мультимедийные технологии в преподавании иностранного языка
- Author
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Solomakhina, E. S., Kondratieva, V. S., Pankova, V. D., Gneusheva, M. M., Igumnov, A. K., Rukavishnikov, I. V., and Kovaleva, A. G.
- Subjects
MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION ,ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МУЛЬТИМЕДИА ,ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК ,МЕТОДИКА ,ОБУЧЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ,FOREIGN LANGUAGE ,FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Данная статья посвящена мультимедиа в обучении иностранным языкам. В статье раскрывается содержание понятия "мультимедийные средства". В настоящее время проблема создания искусственной иноязычной среды является достаточно актуальной, так как большинство учащихся любого возраста испытывают трудности в изучении иностранного языка. Целью данного проекта является выявление преимуществ и недостатков использования мультимедиа в образовательном процессе. Результаты исследования демонстрируют эффективность использования мультимедийных средств в обучении иностранным языкам. This article is devoted to multimedia in foreign language teaching. The paper reveals the content of the concept "multimedia tools". Nowadays the problem of creating an artificial foreign language environment is rather relevant because most of the students of any age have difficulties in learning a foreign language. The aim of this project is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia in the educational process. The output of the research demonstrates the effectiveness of multimedia tools in foreign language teaching.
- Published
- 2023
4. Effects of gravitational unloading on back muscles tone
- Author
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Rukavishnikov, I. V., Amirova, L. E., Kukoba, T. B., Tomilovskaya, E. S., and Kozlovskaya, I. B.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Field Test: Results from the One Year Mission
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Rosenberg, M. J. F, Bloomberg, J. J, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, Laurie, S. S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Fisher, E. A, Phillips, T, Ribeiro, C, Taylor, L. C, Miller, C. A, Gadd, N. E, Peters, B. T, Kitov, V. V, Lysova, N. Yu, Holden, K. L, and De Dios, Y
- Subjects
Behavioral Sciences ,Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The One Year Mission was designed to aid in determining the effect that extending the duration on orbit aboard the International Space Station (ISS) would have on a number of biological and physiological systems. Two crewmembers were selected to participate in this endeavor, one U.S. On-Orbit Segment (USOS) astronaut and one Russian cosmonaut. The Neuroscience and Cardiovascular and Vision Laboratories at the Johnson Space Center and the Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Division within the Institute for Biomedical Problems were selected to investigate vestibular, sensorimotor and cardiovascular function with the two long-duration crewmembers using the established methodology developed for the Field Test (FT).
- Published
- 2017
6. Update of the Joint NASA Russian Field Test
- Author
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Reschke, Millard F, Kozlovskaya, Inessa B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Stenger, M. B, Laurie, S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Fisher, E. A, Rosenberg, M. J, Kitov, V, Lysova, N, and Bloomberg, J. J
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Published
- 2017
7. Results from a Joint NASA and Russian Field Test of Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Function Following Long Duration Spaceflight
- Author
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Reschke, Millard F, Kozlovskaya, Inessa B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Stenger, M. B, Laurie, S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Fisher, E. A, Rosenberg, M. J, Kitov, V, Lysova, N, and Bloomberg, J. J
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Published
- 2016
8. Sensorimotor Results from the Joint NASA and Russian Pilot Field Test
- Author
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Reschke, Millard, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Bloomberg, J. J, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, Laurie, S. S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Fisher, E. A, Rosenberg, M. J. F, Kitov, V. V, and Lysova, N. Yu
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Testing of crew responses following long-duration flights has not previously been possible until a minimum of 24 hours after landing. As a result, it has not been possible to estimate the nonlinear trend of the early (<24 hours) recovery process, nor has it been possible to accurately assess the full impact of the decrements associated with long-duration flight. To overcome these limitations, both the Russian and U.S. programs have implemented testing at the Soyuz landing site. This research effort has been identified as the Field Test (FT). For operational reasons the FT has been divided into two phases: the full FT and a preliminary pilot version (PFT) of the FT that is reduced in both length and scope. The PFT has now been completed with the landing of the crew of International Space Station Increment 42/43 (Soyuz expedition 41S). RESEARCH: The primary goal of this research was to determine functional abilities associated with long-duration space flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible (< 2 hours) with an additional two follow-up measurement sessions within 24 hours after landing. This study goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements. The PFT represented a initial evaluation of the feasibility of testing in the field and was comprised of a jointly agreed upon subset of tests drawn from the full FT and relied heavily on Russia's Institute of Biomedical Problems Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Department for content and implementation. Data from the PFT was collected following several ISS missions. Testing on the U.S. side has included: (1) a sit-to-stand test, (2) recovery from a fall stand test where the crewmember begins in the prone position on the ground and then stands for 3.5 minutes while cardiovascular performance and postural ataxia data are acquired, and (3) a tandem heel-to-toe walk test to determine changes in the central locomotor program. Video, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), data from body-worn inertial sensors, and severity of postflight motion sickness were collected during each test session. In addition our Russian investigators have made measurements associated with: (a) obstacle avoidance, (b) muscle compliance, (c) postural adjustments to perturbations (pushes) applied to the subject's chest area and (d) center of mass measurements made across most test objectives with insoles inserted into the subjects' shoes. Data from 18 subjects have been obtained for a majority of the PFT objectives. SUMMARY: The increased level of functional deficit observed in the crewmembers tested with the PFT objectives has been typically greater than previously observed when measurements were collected after the 2 hr window. Significant improvement in crew performance was observed within 24 hours, but full recovery appears to require 6 to 16 days. Clearly measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recovery from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiologic data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the variability among crewmembers for exploration missions where the crew will be unassisted after landing. Overall, these early functional and related physiologic measurements will allow the estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends that have not been previously captured.
- Published
- 2016
9. Pilot Field Test: Performance of a Sit-to-Stand Test After Long-Duration Space Flight
- Author
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Kofman, I. S, Reschke, M. F, Cerisano, J. M, Fisher, E. A, Phillips, T. R, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Kitov, V. V, Lysova, N. Yu, Lee, S. M. C, Stenger, M. B, Bloomberg, J. J, Mulavara, A. P, Tomilovskaya, E. S, and Kozlovskaya, I. B
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Astronauts returning from the International Space Station are met by a team of recovery personnel typically providing physical assistance and medical support immediately upon landing. That is because long-duration spaceflight impacts astronauts' functional abilities. Future expeditions to planets or asteroids beyond the low Earth orbit, however, may require crewmembers to egress the vehicle and perform other types of physical tasks unassisted. It is therefore important to characterize the extent and longevity of functional deficits experienced by astronauts in order to design safe exploration class missions. Pilot Field Test (PFT) experiment conducted with participation of ISS crewmembers traveling on Soyuz expeditions 34S - 41S comprised several tasks designed to study the recovery of sensorimotor abilities of astronauts during the first 24 hours after landing and beyond. METHODS: The first test in the PFT battery sequence, and also the least demanding one from the sensorimotor perspective, was a Sit-to-Stand test. Test subjects were seated in the chair and had to stand up on command and remain standing for ten seconds. The subjects were instructed to stand up unassisted as quickly as they were able to, while maintaining postural control. Synchronized wireless inertial sensors mounted on the head, chest, lower back, wrists, and ankles were used to continuously log body kinematics. Crewmembers' blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and recorded with the Portapres and Polar systems. Each session was recorded with a digital video camera. During data collections occurring within the 24-hour postflight period, crewmembers were also asked to (1) evaluate their perceived motion sickness symptoms on a 20-point scale before and after completion of the test and (2) estimate how heavy they felt compared to their normal (preflight) body weight. Consent to participate in PFT was obtained from 18 crewmembers (11 US Orbital Segment [USOS] astronauts and 7 Russian cosmonauts). For 10 subjects, the first set of data was collected in the medical tent in Soyuz landing zone (1-2 hours after landing); the other 8 subjects were tested at the Kazakhstan deployment airport (4-5 hours after landing). 8 of the 11 astronauts were tested twice more within the first 24 hours postflight, at a refueling stop on the way to Houston (approximately 13 hours after landing) and at the Johnson Space Center (approximately 24 hours after landing). Later postflight data were collected in the first two weeks on some crewmembers. Finally, 6 astronauts were tested 60+ days after landing to establish a delayed baseline. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Two of the 18 PFT participants felt too ill to attempt any tests in Kazakhstan (at either the landing zone or deployment airport). The remaining test subjects completed the Sit-to-Stand test and their reported motion sickness scores were unaffected by this task. The task completion times and body kinematics data analysis are currently underway. Preliminary analysis of astronaut data shows a steep improvement in the time to complete the task on the second data take, and in some cases, the trend continues through day six postflight. Head and trunk pitch angles and pitch rates were also examined and increases in all measures are evident throughout the observed recovery period (60+ days postflight). Interesting patterns of head and trunk pitch coordination have also emerged. One of the data analysis objectives is comparison of initial postflight performance and recovery of experienced crewmembers and first-time fliers. Another one - possible differences in performance between USOS and Russian crewmembers.
- Published
- 2016
10. Pilot Field Test: Recovery from a Simulated Fall and Quiet Stance Stability After Long-Duration Space Flight
- Author
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Kofman, I. S, Reschke, M. F, Cerisano, J. M, Fisher, E. A, Phillips, T. R, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Kitov, V. V, Lysova, N. Yu, Lee, S. M. C, Stenger, M. B, Bloomberg, J. J, Mulavara, A. P, Tomilovskaya, E. S, and Kozlovskaya, I. B
- Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support ,Quality Assurance And Reliability ,Space Transportation And Safety - Abstract
Astronauts returning from the International Space Station (ISS) are met by a team of recovery personnel typically providing physical assistance and medical support immediately upon landing. That is because long-duration spaceflight impacts astronauts' functional abilities. Future expeditions to planets or asteroids beyond the low Earth orbit, however, may require crewmembers to egress the vehicle and perform other types of physical tasks unassisted. It is therefore important to characterize the extent and longevity of functional deficits experienced by astronauts in order to design safe exploration class missions. Pilot Field Test (PFT) experiment conducted with participation of ISS crewmembers traveling on Soyuz expeditions 34S - 41S comprised several tasks designed to study the recovery of sensorimotor abilities of astronauts during the first 24 hours after landing and beyond.
- Published
- 2016
11. Initial Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Data Acquired from Soyuz Landings: Establishing a Functional Performance Recovery Time Constant
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Bloomberg, J. J, Stenger, M. B, Platts, S. H, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, and Fisher, E. A
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine ,Man/System Technology And Life Support - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testing of crew responses following long-duration flights has not been previously possible until a minimum of more than 24 hours after landing. As a result, it has not been possible to determine the trend of the early recovery process, nor has it been possible to accurately assess the full impact of the decrements associated with long-duration flight. To overcome these limitations, both the Russian and U.S. programs have implemented joint testing at the Soyuz landing site. This International Space Station research effort has been identified as the functional Field Test, and represents data collect on NASA, Russian, European Space Agency, and Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency crews. RESEARCH The primary goal of this research is to determine functional abilities associated with long-duration space flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible on the day of landing (typically within 1 to 1.5 hours). This goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements. To date, a total of 15 subjects have participated in a 'pilot' version of the full 'field test'. The full version of the 'field test' will assess functional sensorimotor measurements included hand/eye coordination, standing from a seated position (sit-to-stand), walking normally without falling, measurement of dynamic visual acuity, discriminating different forces generated with the hands (both strength and ability to judge just noticeable differences of force), standing from a prone position, coordinated walking involving tandem heel-to-toe placement (tested with eyes both closed and open), walking normally while avoiding obstacles of differing heights, and determining postural ataxia while standing (measurement of quiet stance). Sensorimotor performance has been obtained using video records, and data from body worn inertial sensors. The cardiovascular portion of the investigation has measured blood pressure and heart rate during a timed stand test in conjunction with postural ataxia testing (quiet stance sway) as well as cardiovascular responses during sensorimotor testing on all of the above measures. We have also collected motion sickness data associated with each of the postflight tests. When possible rudimentary cerebellar assessment was undertaken. In addition to the immediate post-landing collection of data, postflight data has been acquired twice more within 24 hours after landing and measurements continue until sensorimotor and cardiovascular responses have returned to preflight normative values (approximately 60 days postflight). SUMMARY The level of functional deficit observed in the crew tested to date is more severe than expected, clearly triggered by the acquisition of gravity loads immediately after landing when the demands for crew intervention in response to emergency operations will be greatest. Measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recover from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiologic data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the degree of variability among crewmembers for exploration missions where the crew will be unassisted after landing. Overall, these early functional and related physiologic measurements will allow the estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends that have not been previously captured.
- Published
- 2015
12. THE BIOMECHANICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WALKING AFTER LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES OF TREADMILL
- Author
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Saveko, A., primary, Rukavishnikov, I., additional, and Tomilovskaya, E., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Functional Sensory-Motor Performance Following Long Term Space Flight: The First Results of 'Field Test' Experiment
- Author
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Tomilovskaya, E. S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Kofman, I. S, Kitov, V. V, Grishin, A. P, Yu, N, Lysova, Cerisano, J. M, Kozlovskaya, I. B, and Reschke, M. F
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The effect that extended-duration space flights may have on human space travelers, including exploration missions, is widely discussed at the present time. Specifically, there is an increasing amount of evidence showing that the physical capacity of cosmonauts is significantly reduced after long-duration space flights. It is evident that the most impaired functions are those that rely on gravity, particularly up right posture and gait. Because of the sensorimotor disturbances manifested in the neurology of the posture and gait space flight and postflight changes may also be observed in debilitating motion sickness. While the severity of particular symptoms varies, disturbances in spatial orientation and alterations in the accuracy of voluntary movements are persistently observed after long-duration space flights. At this time most of the currently available data are primarily descriptive and not yet suitable for predicting operational impacts of most sensorimotor decrements observed upon landing on planetary surfaces or asteroids. In particular there are no existing data on the recovery dynamics or functionality of neurological, cardiovascular or muscle performance making it difficult to model or simulate the cosmonauts' activity after landing and develop the appropriate countermeasure that will ensure the rapid and safe recovery of crewmembers immediately after landing in what could be hostile environments. However and as a starting position, the videos we have acquired during recent data collection following the long duration flights of cosmonauts and astronauts walking and performing other tasks shortly after return from space flight speak volumes about their level of deconditioning. A joint Russian-American team has developed a new study specifically to address the changes in crewmembers performance and the recovery of performance with the intent of filling the missing data gaps. The first (pilot) phase of this study includes recording body kinematics and quantifying the coordination and timing of relatively simple basic movements - transition from seated and prone positions to standing, walking, stepping over obstacles, tandem walking, muscle compliance, as well as characteristics of postural sway and orthostatic tolerance. Testing for changes in these parameters have been initiated in the medical tent at the landing site. The first set of experiments showed that during the first hour after landing, cosmonauts and astronauts were able to execute (although slower and with more effort than preflight) simple movements such as egress from a seated or prone position and also to remain standing for 3.5 minutes without exhibiting pronounced cardiovascular changes. More challenging tests, however, demonstrated a prominent reduction in coordination - the obstacle task, for example, was performed at much slower speed and with a marked overestimation of the obstacle height and tandem walking was greatly degraded suggesting significant changes in proprioception, brainstem and vestibular function. There is some speculation that the neural changes, either from the bottom-up or top down may be long lasting; requiring compensatory responses that will modify or mask the adverse responses we have observed. Furthermore, these compensatory responses may actually be beneficial, helping achieve a more rapid adaptation to both weightlessness and a return to earth.
- Published
- 2014
14. Preliminary Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Results from the Joint Russian/U.S. Pilot Field Test in Preparation for the Full Field Test
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Bloomberg, J. J, Platts, S. H, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Cerisano, J. M, Kofman, I. S, and Fisher, E. A
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Ongoing collaborative research efforts between NASA's Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Laboratories, and the Institute of Biomedical Problems' (IBMP) Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories have been measuring functional sensorimotor, cardiovascular and strength responses following bed rest, dry immersion, short-duration (Space Shuttle) and long-duration (Mir and International Space Station [ISS]) space flights. While the unloading paradigms associated with dry immersion and bed rest does serve as acceptable flight analogs, testing of crew responses following the long-duration flights previously has not been possible until a minimum of 24 hours after landing. As a result, it is not possible to estimate the nonlinear trend of the early (<24 hours) recovery process nor is it possible to accurately assess the full impact of the decrements associated with long-duration flight. To overcome these limitations, both the Russian and U.S. programs have implemented testing at the landing site. By joint agreement, this research effort has been identified as the functional Field Test (FT). For practical reasons the FT has been divided into two phases: the full FT and a preliminary pilot version (PFT) of the FT that is reduced in both length and scope. The primary goal of this research is to determine functional abilities in long-duration space-flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible (< 2 hours) with one to three immediate follow-up measurements on the day of landing. This goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements, including evaluations of NASA's new anti-orthostatic compression garment and the Russian Kentavr garment. Functional sensorimotor measurements will include, but are not limited to, assessing hand/eye coordination, egressing from a seated position, walking normally without falling, measuring of dynamic visual acuity, discriminating different forces generated with both the hands and legs, recovering from a fall, coordinated walking involving tandem heel-to-toe placement, and determining postural ataxia while standing. The cardiovascular portion of the investigation includes measuring blood pressure and heart rate during a timed stand test in conjunction with postural ataxia testing (quiet stance sway) as well as cardiovascular responses during the other functional tasks. In addition to the immediate post-landing collection of data for the full FT, postflight data will be acquired between one and three more other times within the 24 hours after landing and will continue over the subsequent weeks until functional sensorimotor and cardiovascular responses have returned to preflight normative values. The PFT represents a single trial run comprised of a jointly agreed upon subset of tests from the full FT and relies heavily on IBMP's Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories for content and implementation. The PFT has been collected on several ISS missions. Testing included: (1) a sit-to-stand test, (2) recovery from a fall where the crewmember began in the prone position on the ground and then stood for 3 minutes while cardiovascular stability was determined and postural ataxia data were acquired, and (3) a tandem heel-totoe walk test to determine changes in the central locomotor program. Video, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), data from body-worn inertial sensors, and severity of postflight motion sickness were collected for each test session. In summary, the level of functional deficit is expected to be most profound during the acquisition of gravity loads immediately after landing when the demands for crew intervention in response to emergency operations will be greatest. Clearly measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recover from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiologic data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the degree of variability among crewmembers for exploration missions where the crew will be unassisted after landing. Overall, these early functional and related physiologic measurements will allow estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends that has not been previously captured in over 50 years of space flight.
- Published
- 2014
15. Preliminary Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Results from the Joint Russian and U.S. Pilot Field Test with Planning for the Full Field Test Beginning with the Year Long Intenational Space Station
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Bloomberg, J. J, Platts, S. H, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, Cerisano, J. M, Kofman, I. S, and Fisher, E. A
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Ongoing collaborative research efforts between NASA's Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Laboratories, and the Institute of Biomedical Problems' (IBMP) Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories have been measuring functional sensorimotor, cardiovascular and strength responses following bed rest, dry immersion, short duration (Space Shuttle) and long duration (Mir and International Space Station) space flights. While the unloading paradigms associated with dry immersion and bed rest does serve as acceptable flight analogs, testing of crew responses following the long duration flights previously has not been possible until a minimum of 24 hours after landing. As a result, it is not possible to estimate the nonlinear trend of the early (<24 hr) recovery process, nor is it possible to accurately assess the full impact of the decrements associated with long duration flight. To overcome these limitations, both the Russian and U.S. sides have implemented testing at landing site. By joint agreement, this research effort has been identified as the functional Field Test (FT). For practical reasons the FT has been divided into two phases: the full FT and a preliminary pilot version (PFT) of the FT that is reduced in both length and scope. The primary goal of this research is to determine functional abilities in long duration space flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible (< 2 hr) with one to three immediate follow-up measurements on the day of landing. This goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements, including evaluations of NASA's new anti-orthostatic compression garment and the Russian Kentavr garment. Functional sensorimotor measurements will include, but are not limited to, assessment of hand/eye coordination, ability to egress from a seated position, walk normally without falling, measurement of dynamic visual acuity, ability to discriminate different forces generated with both the hands and legs, recovery from a fall, a coordinated walk involving tandem heel-to-toe placement, and determination of postural ataxia while standing. The cardiovascular portion of the investigation includes blood pressure and heart rate measurements during a timed stand test in conjunction with postural ataxia testing (quiet stance sway) as well as cardiovascular responses during other functional tasks. In addition to the immediate post-landing collection of data for the full FT, postflight data will be acquired at a minimum of one to three more other times within the 24 hr following landing and continue until functional sensorimotor and cardiovascular responses have returned to preflight normative values. The PFT represents a single trial run comprised of jointly agreed upon subset of tests from the full FT and relies heavily on IBMP's Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories for content and implementation. The PFT was first conducted following the September 2013 landing of the Soyuz spacecraft (34S) and again following the landing of Soyuz 35S in November. Testing included: (1) a sit-tostand test, (2) recovery from a fall where the crewmember began in the prone position on the ground and then stood for 3 min while cardiovascular stability was determined and postural ataxia data were acquired, and (3) a tandem heel-to-toe walk test to determine changes in the central locomotor program. Video, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), data from body-worn inertial sensors and severity of postflight motion sickness were collected for analysis. In summary, the level of functional deficit is expected to be most profound during the acquisition of gravity loads immediately after landing when the demands for crew intervention in response to emergency operations will be greatest. Clearly measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recover from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiological data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the degree of variability among crewmembers for exploration missions where the crew will be unassisted after landing. Overall, these early functional and related physiological measurements will allow estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends to an accuracy that has not been previously captured in over 50 years of space flight.
- Published
- 2014
16. Pilot Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Results from the Joint Russian/U.S. Field Test
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Kofman, I. S, Tomilovskya, E. S, Cerisano, J. M, Bloomberg, J. J, Stenger, M. B, Platts, S. H, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Feiveson, A. H, and Fisher, E. A
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The primary goal of this research is to determine functional abilities associated with long-duration space flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible (< 2 hours) with an additional two follow-up measurements sessions on the day of landing. This goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements, including evaluations of NASA's new anti-orthostatic compression garment and the Russian Kentavr garment. Functional sensorimotor measurements will include, but are not limited to, assessing hand/eye coordination, standing from a seated position (sit-to-stand), walking normally without falling, measurement of dynamic visual acuity, discriminating different forces generated with both the hands and legs, recovering from a fall (standing from a prone position), coordinated walking involving tandem heel-to-toe placement, and determining postural ataxia while standing. The cardiovascular portion of the investigation includes measuring blood pressure and heart rate during a timed stand test in conjunction with postural ataxia testing (quiet stance sway) as well as cardiovascular responses during the other functional tasks. In addition to the immediate post-landing collection of data for the full FT, postflight data is being acquired twice more within the 24 hours after landing and will continue over the subsequent weeks until functional sensorimotor and cardiovascular responses have returned to preflight normative values. The PFT represents a initial evaluation of the feasibility of testing in the field, and is comprised of a jointly agreed upon subset of tests from the full FT and relies heavily on Russia's Institute of Biomedical Problems Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories for content and implementation. The PFT has been collected on several ISS missions. Testing on the U.S. side has included: (1) a sit-to-stand test, (2) recovery from a fall where the crewmember began in the prone position on the ground and then stood for 3 minutes while cardiovascular stability was determined and postural ataxia data were acquired, and (3) a tandem heel-to-toe walk test to determine changes in the central locomotor program. Video, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), data from bodyworn inertial sensors, and severity of postflight motion sickness were collected during each test session. Our Russian investigators have added measurements associated with: (a) obstacle avoidance, (b) muscle compliance and (c) postural adjustments to perturbations (push) applied to the subject's chest area. The level of functional deficit observed in the crew tested to date is typically beyond what was expected and is clearly triggered by the acquisition of gravity loads immediately after landing when the demands for crew intervention in response to emergency operations will be greatest. Clearly measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recover from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiologic data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the degree of variability among crewmembers for exploration missions where the crew will be unassisted after landing. Overall, these early functional and related physiologic measurements will allow the estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends that have not been previously captured
- Published
- 2014
17. Recovery of Functional Sensorimotor Performance Following Long Duration Space Flight (Field Test)
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Bloomberg, J. J, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Platts, S. H, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, and Feiveson, A. H
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Published
- 2013
18. Preliminary Results from the Joint Russian and US Field Test: Measurement of Sensorimotor and Cardiovascular Responses Immediately Following Landing of the Soyuz Spacecraft
- Author
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Reschke, M. F, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Tomilovskaya, E. S, Bloomberg, J. J, Platts, S. H, Rukavishnikov, I. V, Fomina, E. V, Stenger, M. B, Lee, S. M. C, Wood, S. J, Mulavara, A. P, Fieveson, A. H, Cerisano, J. M, Kofman, I. S, and Fisher, E. A
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Ongoing collaborative research efforts between NASA's Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Laboratories, and the Institute of Biomedical Problems' (IBMP) Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories have been measuring functional sensorimotor, cardiovascular and strength responses following bed rest, dry immersion, short duration (Space Shuttle) and long duration (Mir and International Space Station) space flights. While the unloading paradigms associated with dry immersion and bed rest have do serve as acceptable flight analogs, testing of crew responses following the long duration flights does not begin until a minimum of 24 hours after landing. As a result it is not possible to estimate the nonlinear trend of the early (<24 hr) recovery process nor is it possible to accurately assess the full impact of the decrements associated with long duration flight. To overcome these limitations both the Russian and U.S. sides have implemented testing at the time of landing and before the flight crews have left the landing site. By joint agreement this research effort has been identified as the functional Field Test (FT). For practical reasons the FT has been divided into two phases: the full FT and a preliminary pilot version (PFT) of the FT that is reduced in both length and scope. The primary goal of this research is to determine functional abilities in long duration space flight crews beginning as soon after landing as possible (< 2 hr) with one to three immediate follow-up measurements on the day of landing. This goal has both sensorimotor and cardiovascular elements including an evaluation of NASA's new anti-orthostatic compression garment as compared with the Russian Kentavr garment. Functional sensorimotor measurements will include, but are not limited to, assessment of hand/eye coordination, ability to egress from a seated position, walk normally without falling, measurement of dynamic visual acuity, ability to discriminate different forces generated with both the hands and legs, recovery from a fall, a coordinated walk involving tandem heel-to-toe placement and determination of postural ataxia while standing. The cardiovascular portion of the investigation includes blood pressure and heart rate measurements during a timed stand test in conjunction with postural ataxia testing. In addition to the immediate post-landing collection of data for the full FT, postflight data will be acquired at a minimum of one to three more other times within the 24 hr following landing and continue until functional sensorimotor and cardiovascular responses have returned to preflight normative values. The PFT represents a single trial run comprised of jointly agreed tests from the full FT and relies heavily on IBMP's Sensory-Motor and Countermeasures Laboratories for content, and implementation. The PFT is currently scheduled for the September 2013 landing of the Soyuz spacecraft (34S). Testing will include: (1) a sit-to-stand test, (2) recovery from a fall where the crewmember begins in the prone position on the ground and then stands for 3 min while cardiovascular stability is determined and postural ataxia data are acquired, and (3) a tandem heel-to-toe walk to determine changes in the central locomotor program. Video, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure), data from body-worn inertial sensors and severity of postflight motion sickness will be available for analysis. It is our intent to present, at this celebratory symposium, a summary of these data obtained from two crewmembers. In summary, the level of functional deficit is expected to be most profound during the acquisition of gravity loads immediately after landing when the demands for crew intervention in response to emergency operations will be greatest. Clearly measureable performance parameters such as ability to perform a seat egress, recover from a fall or the ability to see clearly when walking, and related physiological data (orthostatic responses) are required to provide an evidence base for characterizing programmatic risks and the degree of variability among crewmembers. Overall, these early functional and related physiological measurements will allow estimation of nonlinear sensorimotor and cardiovascular recovery trends to an accuracy that has not been previously captured in over 50 years of space flight.
- Published
- 2013
19. Comparative Study of the Lower Limb Muscle Tone under the Conditions of Five-day Support Unloading Coupled with Different Regimens of Electromyostimulation
- Author
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Amirova, L. E., primary, Osetskiy, N. Yu., additional, Shishkin, N. V., additional, Ponomarev, I. I., additional, Rukavishnikov, I. V., additional, Kozlovskaya, I. B., additional, and Tomilovskaya, E. S., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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20. Relationship between sulfur content of rocks, oils, and gases of the Markovsk deposit
- Author
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lsayev, V. P. and Rukavishnikov, I. I.
- Published
- 1975
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21. Psychological aspects of eating disorders
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Savuschkin Anton, Pachomova Eugenia, Rukavishnikov Igor, Leschinskaya Barbara, Chukhrova Marina, and Pilipenko German
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
22. Corrigendum: Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system.
- Author
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Saveko A, Bekreneva M, Ponomarev I, Zelenskaya I, Riabova A, Shigueva T, Kitov V, Abu Sheli N, Nosikova I, Rukavishnikov I, Sayenko D, and Tomilovskaya E
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1085545.]., (Copyright © 2023 Saveko, Bekreneva, Ponomarev, Zelenskaya, Riabova, Shigueva, Kitov, Abu Sheli, Nosikova, Rukavishnikov, Sayenko and Tomilovskaya.)
- Published
- 2023
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23. Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system.
- Author
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Saveko A, Bekreneva M, Ponomarev I, Zelenskaya I, Riabova A, Shigueva T, Kitov V, Abu Sheli N, Nosikova I, Rukavishnikov I, Sayenko D, and Tomilovskaya E
- Abstract
This review includes current and updated information about various ground-based microgravity models and their impact on the human sensorimotor system. All known models of microgravity are imperfect in a simulation of the physiological effects of microgravity but have their advantages and disadvantages. This review points out that understanding the role of gravity in motion control requires consideration of data from different environments and in various contexts. The compiled information can be helpful to researchers to effectively plan experiments using ground-based models of the effects of space flight, depending on the problem posed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Saveko, Bekreneva, Ponomarev, Zelenskaya, Riabova, Shigueva, Kitov, Abu Sheli, Nosikova, Rukavishnikov, Sayenko and Tomilovskaya.)
- Published
- 2023
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24. Prolonged microgravity induces reversible and persistent changes on human cerebral connectivity.
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Jillings S, Pechenkova E, Tomilovskaya E, Rukavishnikov I, Jeurissen B, Van Ombergen A, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Annen J, De Laet C, Schoenmaekers C, Sijbers J, Petrovichev V, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Sinitsyn V, Eulenburg PZ, Laureys S, Demertzi A, and Wuyts FL
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Gyrus Cinguli, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Parietal Lobe, Weightlessness
- Abstract
The prospect of continued manned space missions warrants an in-depth understanding of how prolonged microgravity affects the human brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can pinpoint changes reflecting adaptive neuroplasticity across time. We acquired resting-state fMRI data of cosmonauts before, shortly after, and eight months after spaceflight as a follow-up to assess global connectivity changes over time. Our results show persisting connectivity decreases in posterior cingulate cortex and thalamus and persisting increases in the right angular gyrus. Connectivity in the bilateral insular cortex decreased after spaceflight, which reversed at follow-up. No significant connectivity changes across eight months were found in a matched control group. Overall, we show that altered gravitational environments influence functional connectivity longitudinally in multimodal brain hubs, reflecting adaptations to unfamiliar and conflicting sensory input in microgravity. These results provide insights into brain functional modifications occurring during spaceflight, and their further development when back on Earth., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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25. Application of Space Technologies Aimed at Proprioceptive Correction in Terrestrial Medicine in Russia.
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Motanova E, Bekreneva M, Rukavishnikov I, Shigueva TA, Saveko AA, and Tomilovskaya ES
- Abstract
Space technologies greatly contributed not only to space medicine but also to terrestrial medicine, which actively involves these technologies in everyday practice. Based on the existing countermeasures, and due to similarities of sensorimotor alterations provoked by the weightlessness with various neurological disorders, a lot of work has been dedicated to adaptation and introduction of these countermeasures for rehabilitation of patients. Axial loading suit and mechanical stimulation of the soles' support zones are used in mitigation of stroke and traumatic brain injury consequences. They are also applied for rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Complex application of these proprioceptive correction methods in neurorehabilitation programs makes it possible to effectively treat neurological patients with severe motor disturbances and significant brain damage., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Motanova, Bekreneva, Rukavishnikov, Shigueva, Saveko and Tomilovskaya.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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26. The effect of prolonged spaceflight on cerebrospinal fluid and perivascular spaces of astronauts and cosmonauts.
- Author
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Barisano G, Sepehrband F, Collins HR, Jillings S, Jeurissen B, Taylor JA, Schoenmaekers C, De Laet C, Rukavishnikov I, Nosikova I, Litvinova L, Rumshiskaya A, Annen J, Sijbers J, Laureys S, Van Ombergen A, Petrovichev V, Sinitsyn V, Pechenkova E, Grishin A, Zu Eulenburg P, Law M, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Tomilovskaya E, Roberts DR, and Wuyts FL
- Subjects
- Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter diagnostic imaging, Astronauts, Cerebrospinal Fluid diagnostic imaging, Glymphatic System diagnostic imaging, Space Flight, Vision Disorders cerebrospinal fluid, Vision Disorders diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight induces changes to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid compartments and visual acuity problems known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The clinical relevance of these changes and whether they equally affect crews of different space agencies remain unknown. We used MRI to analyze the alterations occurring in the perivascular spaces (PVS) in NASA and European Space Agency astronauts and Roscosmos cosmonauts after a 6-mo spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS). We found increased volume of basal ganglia PVS and white matter PVS (WM-PVS) after spaceflight, which was more prominent in the NASA crew than the Roscosmos crew. Moreover, both crews demonstrated a similar degree of lateral ventricle enlargement and decreased subarachnoid space at the vertex, which was correlated with WM-PVS enlargement. As all crews experienced the same environment aboard the ISS, the differences in WM-PVS enlargement may have been due to, among other factors, differences in the use of countermeasures and high-resistive exercise regimes, which can influence brain fluid redistribution. Moreover, NASA astronauts who developed SANS had greater pre- and postflight WM-PVS volumes than those unaffected. These results provide evidence for a potential link between WM-PVS fluid and SANS.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Brain Connectometry Changes in Space Travelers After Long-Duration Spaceflight.
- Author
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Doroshin A, Jillings S, Jeurissen B, Tomilovskaya E, Pechenkova E, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Rukavishnikov I, De Laet C, Schoenmaekers C, Sijbers J, Laureys S, Petrovichev V, Van Ombergen A, Annen J, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Sinitsyn V, Zu Eulenburg P, Osipowicz K, and Wuyts FL
- Subjects
- Astronauts, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain pathology, Humans, Space Flight, Weightlessness, White Matter diagnostic imaging, White Matter pathology
- Abstract
Humans undergo extreme physiological changes when subjected to long periods of weightlessness, and as we continue to become a space-faring species, it is imperative that we fully understand the physiological changes that occur in the human body, including the brain. In this study, we present findings of brain structural changes associated with long-duration spaceflight based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data. Twelve cosmonauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) were scanned in an MRI scanner pre-flight, ten days after flight, and at a follow-up time point seven months after flight. We performed differential tractography, a technique that confines white matter fiber tracking to voxels showing microstructural changes. We found significant microstructural changes in several large white matter tracts, such as the corpus callosum, arcuate fasciculus, corticospinal, corticostriatal, and cerebellar tracts. This is the first paper to use fiber tractography to investigate which specific tracts exhibit structural changes after long-duration spaceflight and may direct future research to investigate brain functional and behavioral changes associated with these white matter pathways., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Doroshin, Jillings, Jeurissen, Tomilovskaya, Pechenkova, Nosikova, Rumshiskaya, Litvinova, Rukavishnikov, De Laet, Schoenmaekers, Sijbers, Laureys, Petrovichev, Van Ombergen, Annen, Sunaert, Parizel, Sinitsyn, zu Eulenburg, Osipowicz and Wuyts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The First Female Dry Immersion (NAIAD-2020): Design and Specifics of a 3-Day Study.
- Author
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Tomilovskaya E, Amirova L, Nosikova I, Rukavishnikov I, Chernogorov R, Lebedeva S, Saveko A, Ermakov I, Ponomarev I, Zelenskaya I, Shigueva T, Shishkin N, Kitov V, Riabova A, Brykov V, Abu Sheli N, Vassilieva G, and Orlov O
- Abstract
This article describes procedures and some results of the first study of females undergoing 3-day Dry Immersion. The experiment "NAIAD-2020" was carried out at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow, Russia) with the participation of six healthy women volunteers (age 30.17 ± 5.5 years, height 1.66 ± 0.1 m, weight 62.05 ± 8.4 kg, BMI 22.39 ± 2.2 kg/m
2 ) with a natural menstrual cycle. During the study, a standard protocol was used, the same as for men, with a minimum period of time spent outside the immersion bath. Before, during and after Immersion, 22 experiments were carried out aimed at studying the neurophysiological, functional, metabolic and psychophysiological functions of the body, the results of which will be presented in future publications. The total time outside the bath for women did not exceed that for men. Systolic and diastolic pressure did not significantly change during the immersion. In the first 24 h after the end of the immersion, heart rate was significantly higher than the background values [ F (4,20) = 14.67; P < 0.0001]. Changes in body temperature and water balance were consistent with the patterns found in men. No significant changes in height and weight were found during immersion. All women reported general discomfort and pain in the abdomen and back. The results of this study did not find significant risks to women's health and showed the feasibility of using this model of the effects of space flight in women of reproductive age., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Tomilovskaya, Amirova, Nosikova, Rukavishnikov, Chernogorov, Lebedeva, Saveko, Ermakov, Ponomarev, Zelenskaya, Shigueva, Shishkin, Kitov, Riabova, Brykov, Abu Sheli, Vassilieva and Orlov.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Macro- and microstructural changes in cosmonauts' brains after long-duration spaceflight.
- Author
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Jillings S, Van Ombergen A, Tomilovskaya E, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Nosikova I, Pechenkova E, Rukavishnikov I, Kozlovskaya IB, Manko O, Danilichev S, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Sinitsyn V, Petrovichev V, Laureys S, Zu Eulenburg P, Sijbers J, Wuyts FL, and Jeurissen B
- Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight causes widespread physiological changes, although its effect on brain structure remains poorly understood. In this work, we acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compositions in each voxel, before, shortly after, and 7 months after long-duration spaceflight. We found increased WM in the cerebellum after spaceflight, providing the first clear evidence of sensorimotor neuroplasticity. At the region of interest level, this increase persisted 7 months after return to Earth. We also observe a widespread redistribution of CSF, with concomitant changes in the voxel fractions of adjacent GM. We show that these GM changes are the result of morphological changes rather than net tissue loss, which remained unclear from previous studies. Our study provides evidence of spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity to adapt motor strategies in space and evidence of fluid shift-induced mechanical changes in the brain., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Foot-ground reaction force during long-term space flight and after it: walking in active treadmill mode.
- Author
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Saveko A, Rukavishnikov I, Brykov V, Osetsky N, Ryazanskiy S, Grishin MA, Tomilovskaya E, and Kozlovskaya I
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI.
- Author
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Pechenkova E, Nosikova I, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Rukavishnikov I, Mershina E, Sinitsyn V, Van Ombergen A, Jeurissen B, Jillings S, Laureys S, Sijbers J, Grishin A, Chernikova L, Naumov I, Kornilova L, Wuyts FL, Tomilovskaya E, and Kozlovskaya I
- Abstract
The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post- to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth's gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research.
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
32. Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight.
- Author
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Van Ombergen A, Jillings S, Jeurissen B, Tomilovskaya E, Rumshiskaya A, Litvinova L, Nosikova I, Pechenkova E, Rukavishnikov I, Manko O, Danylichev S, Rühl RM, Kozlovskaya IB, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Sinitsyn V, Laureys S, Sijbers J, Zu Eulenburg P, and Wuyts FL
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Cerebral Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Space Flight
- Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology. Its residual effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We prospectively investigated the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest analysis on structural brain scans. Cosmonaut MRI data were investigated preflight ( n = 11), postflight ( n = 11), and at long-term follow-up 7 mo after landing ( n = 7). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant difference between preflight and postflight values for all supratentorial ventricular structures, i.e., lateral ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 13.3 ± 1.9), third ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 10.4 ± 1.1), and the total ventricular volume (mean % change ± SE = 11.6 ± 1.5) (all P < 0.0001), with higher volumes at postflight. At follow-up, these structures did not quite reach baseline levels, with still residual increases in volume for the lateral ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 7.7 ± 1.6; P = 0.0009), the third ventricle (mean % change ± SE = 4.7 ± 1.3; P = 0.0063), and the total ventricular volume (mean % change ± SE = 6.4 ± 1.3; P = 0.0008). This spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause. Our results warrant more detailed and longer longitudinal follow-up. The clinical impact of our findings on the long-term cosmonauts' health and their relation to ocular changes reported in space travelers requires further prospective studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Dry Immersion as a Ground-Based Model of Microgravity Physiological Effects.
- Author
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Tomilovskaya E, Shigueva T, Sayenko D, Rukavishnikov I, and Kozlovskaya I
- Abstract
Dry immersion (DI) is one of the most widely used ground models of microgravity. DI accurately and rapidly reproduces most of physiological effects of short-term space flights. The model simulates such factors of space flight as lack of support, mechanical and axial unloading as well as physical inactivity. The current manuscript gathers the results of physiological studies performed from the time of the model's development. This review describes the changes induced by DI of different duration (from few hours to 56 days) in the neuromuscular, sensory-motor, cardiorespiratory, digestive and excretory, and immune systems, as well as in the metabolism and hemodynamics. DI reproduces practically the full spectrum of changes in the body systems during the exposure to microgravity. The numerous publications from Russian researchers, which until present were mostly inaccessible for scientists from other countries are summarized in this work. These data demonstrated and validated DI as a ground-based model for simulation of physiological effects of weightlessness. The magnitude and rate of physiological changes during DI makes this method advantageous as compared with other ground-based microgravity models. The actual and potential uses of the model are discussed in the context of fundamental studies and applications for Earth medicine.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Erratum to: Cortical reorganization in an astronaut's brain after long-duration spaceflight.
- Author
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Demertzi A, Van Ombergen A, Tomilovskaya E, Jeurissen B, Pechenkova E, Di Perri C, Litvinova L, Amico E, Rumshiskaya A, Rukavishnikov I, Sijbers J, Sinitsyn V, Kozlovskaya IB, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Van de Heyning PH, Laureys S, and Wuyts FL
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cortical reorganization in an astronaut's brain after long-duration spaceflight.
- Author
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Demertzi A, Van Ombergen A, Tomilovskaya E, Jeurissen B, Pechenkova E, Di Perri C, Litvinova L, Amico E, Rumshiskaya A, Rukavishnikov I, Sijbers J, Sinitsyn V, Kozlovskaya IB, Sunaert S, Parizel PM, Van de Heyning PH, Laureys S, and Wuyts FL
- Subjects
- Adult, Cerebellum physiology, Humans, Imagination physiology, Male, Motor Cortex physiology, Neural Pathways physiology, Weightlessness, Astronauts psychology, Brain physiology, Neuronal Plasticity, Space Flight
- Abstract
To date, hampered physiological function after exposure to microgravity has been primarily attributed to deprived peripheral neuro-sensory systems. For the first time, this study elucidates alterations in human brain function after long-duration spaceflight. More specifically, we found significant differences in resting-state functional connectivity between motor cortex and cerebellum, as well as changes within the default mode network. In addition, the cosmonaut showed changes in the supplementary motor areas during a motor imagery task. These results highlight the underlying neural basis for the observed physiological deconditioning due to spaceflight and are relevant for future interplanetary missions and vestibular patients.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. MONITORING OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS IN ISOLATION IN EXPERIMENT LUNA-2015.
- Author
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Popova II, Repenkova LG, and Rukavishnikov IV
- Subjects
- Adult, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Telemedicine, Aerospace Medicine, Blood Pressure Determination, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Oxyhemoglobins metabolism
- Abstract
The paper describes ECG, HR, blood oxyhemoglobin (SpO,) and noninvasive pressure, as well as respiration monitoring at different times points in the Luna-2015 experiment with 9-day isolation implemented at the IBMP ground-based test facility.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [Development of aids for monitoring the vital functions of cosmonauts' organism in extended space flight].
- Author
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Popova II, Poliakov AV, Rukavishnikov IV, and Anokhina LD
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Time Factors, Aerospace Medicine methods, Astronauts, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Space Flight
- Published
- 2013
38. [Cytoprotectors and their application in sports medicine].
- Author
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Petrova VV, Petrov AA, and Rukavishnikov IV
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological drug effects, Athletes, Biological Availability, Cardiovascular Agents administration & dosage, Cytoprotection drug effects, Humans, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Mental Fatigue drug therapy, Mental Fatigue metabolism, Methylhydrazines administration & dosage, Physical Endurance drug effects, Physical Endurance physiology, Psychomotor Performance drug effects, Psychomotor Performance physiology
- Abstract
The article presents data of literature review on potential use of cytoprotectors in sports medicine (exemplified by Mildronat medication). This group of medications improve metabolism and energy supply in tissues. One of leading indications to Mildronat use is state of low mental and physical performance, including that of athletes.
- Published
- 2013
39. Determination of the secondary structure of epoxide hydrolase by Raman spectroscopy.
- Author
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Ivanov YD, Izotov AA, Rukavishnikov IG, and Uvarov VYu
- Subjects
- Animals, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, Epoxide Hydrolases pharmacology, Lipid Bilayers chemistry, Mathematics, Microsomes enzymology, Molecular Structure, Protein Structure, Secondary, Rats, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Epoxide Hydrolases chemistry
- Abstract
The secondary structure of microsomal epoxide hydrolase was determined by Raman spectroscopy and the effect of the membrane microenvironment studied. The ratios of the four secondary structure contents, alpha-helix: beta-strand:turn:undefined, were found to be 47:24:17:11 and 58:17:15:10 for the solubilized and the membrane-bound epoxide hydrolase, respectively. Based on the spectral analysis in the 2800-2900 cm-1 range, it was concluded that the protein studied produces the disordering effect on the lipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer at 16 degrees C.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effect of the microenvironment on the tertiary structure of cytochrome P-450 LM2.
- Author
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Uvarov VYu, Tretiakov VE, Leshchenko AV, Rukavishnikov IG, Dzhuzenova CS, Tretiakova LZ, and Archakov AI
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding Sites, Circular Dichroism, Cross-Linking Reagents pharmacology, Imidoesters pharmacology, Kinetics, Protein Conformation, Spectrophotometry, Substrate Specificity, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, Microsomes, Liver metabolism
- Abstract
The relation between microenvironment and the tertiary structure of cytochrome P-450 LM2 has been investigated. No complete relaxation to the most active state of the native enzyme took place in the case of membrane-incorporated hemoprotein with three or four intramolecular cross-links. The spatial organization of the enzyme was predicted to determine the cross-link location on the hemoprotein surface and membrane-incorporated parts of the polypeptide chain. It was concluded on the basis of the predicted structure that hemoprotein has an amphipathic structure and, thus, the greater part of molecule is exposed to the water phase. Not more than one NH2-terminal alpha helix is able to incorporate into the membrane. The location of this region is believed to control the formation of the catalytically-active-conformational state of cytochrome P-450 LM2.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [The effect of microenvironment and formation of intra-molecular links on the tertiary structure of cytochrome P-450 LM2].
- Author
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Uvarov VIu, Leshchenko AV, Rukavishnikov IG, Dzhuzenova ChS, and Archakov AI
- Subjects
- Catalysis, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors, Enzyme Activation, Kinetics, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Conformation, Solubility, Substrate Specificity, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, Lipid Bilayers
- Abstract
The effect of intramolecular cross-links formation in isolated cytochrome P-450 LM2 on its reactivation after incorporation into the liposome lipid bilayer was studied. Treatment with bifunctional reagents results in the inactivation of the solubilized haemoprotein. The degree of the enzyme immobilization determines the degree of inhibition of p-nitroanisol demethylation and aniline hydroxylation. Whereas the complete inhibition of oxidation of type II substrate turnover needs two intramolecular cross-links, that of type I substrates necessitates at least seven cross-links. The incorporation of modified and native enzymes into the membrane lipid bilayer at temperatures above the phase transition point results in the enzyme activation. However, in case of the preimmobilized enzyme the activation does not reach the maximal values. Both stabilized and liposome-incorporated cytochrome P-450 can fully be reactivated via the cross-link disulfide bond reduction. No such effect is observed at temperatures below the phase transition point.
- Published
- 1988
42. [ON THE RADIATION-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALANINE AND PROLINE ON HEREDITARY STRUCTURES OF MAMMALIAN BONE MARROW CELLS].
- Author
-
RUKAVISHNIKOV IM
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Alanine, Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Nucleus, Chromosome Aberrations, Chromosome Disorders, Proline, Radiation-Protective Agents, Research
- Published
- 1963
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