42 results on '"Ruiz-Palomino, E"'
Search Results
2. Aplicación de una intervención psicosocial breve basada en el deporte en un grupo adolescentes del hospital de día infanto-juvenil de la provincia de Castellón
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Bernal-Mohedano, R., primary, Real-López, M., additional, García-Montoliu, C., additional, Espinosa-Mata, M., additional, and Ruiz-Palomino, E., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Poverty, social exclusion, and mental health: the role of the family context in children aged 7-11 years INMA mother-and-child cohort study
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González L, Estarlich M, Murcia M, Barreto-Zarza F, Santa-Marina L, Simó S, Larrañaga MI, Ruiz-Palomino E, Ibarluzea J, and Rebagliato M
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Internalizing problems ,Family context ,Externalizing problems ,Poverty - Abstract
Mental health problems are common in childhood and tend to be more frequent in populations at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). The family environment can play a role in reducing the impact of economic hardship on these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of multidimensional poverty on the mental health of children aged 7-11 years and the role of the family environment in two areas of Spain. Participants were 395 and 382 children aged 7 and 11 from Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problem scales of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) were used. AROPE indicators were obtained by questionnaire, and three dimensions of the family context (Organization of the Physical Environment and Social Context, Parental Stress and Conflict, and Parental Profile Fostering Development) were measured through subscales 3, 4 and 5 of the Haezi-Etxadi family assessment scale (7-11) (HEFAS 7-11), respectively. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression and Structural Equation Modelling. AROPE prevalence was 7.1 and 34.5% in Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. In both cohorts, there was a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems among participants with a higher AROPE score. However, AROPE did not affect internalizing problems in children from families living in a better physical environment and with social support (Subscale 3). The AROPE effect was jointly mediated by subscales 4 and 5 in 42 and 62% of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Preventing economic inequities by economic compensation policies, improving the neighbourhood and immediate environment around the school, and promoting positive parenting programmes can improve mental health in childhood.
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- 2021
4. Episodio maníaco tras la administración simultánea de 4 vacunas: relación temporal frente a relación causal. A propósito de un caso
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Real-López, M., primary, Fuertes-Saiz, A., additional, Prades Salvador, N., additional, Ruiz-Palomino, E., additional, and Ramos-Vidal, C., additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Spain: a gender perspective
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Fumaz, C, Larranaga-Eguilegor, M, Mayordomo-Lopez, S, Gomez-Martinez, S, Gonzalez-Garcia, M, Ornellas, A, de Apodaca, M, Remor, E, Ballester-Arnal, R, Lopez-Zuniga, A, Santos-Miguel, I, Albiol-Soto, M, Ferrer-Lasala, M, Tuldra-Nino, A, Ferrando-Vilalta, R, Santamaria-Jauregui, J, Iribarren-Loyarte, J, de Apodaca, R, Pasquau-Liano, F, Tornero-Esteban, C, Roca, B, Canoves-Martinez, L, Lorenzo-Gonzalez, J, Ubillos-Landa, S, Ruzafa-Martinez, M, Aguirrezabal-Prado, A, Arnoso-Martinez, A, Molero, F, Nouvilas-Palleja, E, Perez-Garin, D, Sanjuan-Suarez, P, Gilllario, M, Madrigal-Vilchez, A, Castro-Calvo, J, Gil-Julia, B, Gimenez-Garcia, C, Ruiz-Palomino, E, and Spanish Grp Quality Life Improve
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health-related quality of life ,gender differences ,HIV/AIDS ,physical health ,mental health - Abstract
Studies exploring gender differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are scarce and contradictory. This study evaluated gender differences in HRQOL of 744 PLWHA with median (IQR) age 44 (37-48) years and HIV infection diagnosed 12 (5-20) years earlier. Results showed important differences between genders (p < .05). Better male physical health was related to being employed, not having economic worries, not receiving psychological support, not having injected drugs in past, low negative mood HIV-related, low HIV illness representation and internalized stigma, and high body image satisfaction and health behavior. For women, variables were fewer years since HIV diagnosis and low enacted stigma-personal experience of rejection. Mentally, variables in men were being employed, not having injected drugs, having a stable partner, high health behavior, use of problem-solving coping, personal autonomy and personal meaning. In women, better mental health was related to high CD4 cells, self-esteem and body image satisfaction, and negative mood HIV-related. Men and women coincided in absence of past opportunistic infections being related to better physical and mental health, and absence of side effects for physical health and low HIV-related stress and HIV illness representation for mental health. Our results highlight the need for detailed study of gender differences that identify the bio-psycho-socio inequalities that affect HRQOL.
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- 2019
6. Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Spain: a gender perspective
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Fumaz, CR, Larranaga-Eguilegor, M, Mayordomo-Lopez, S, Gomez-Martinez, S, Gonzalez-Garcia, M, Ornellas, A, de Apodaca, MJFR, Remor, E, Ballester-Arnal, R, Lopez-Zuniga, AM, Santos-Miguel, I, Albiol-Soto, M, Ferrer-Lasala, MJ, Tuldra-Nino, A, Ferrando-Vilalta, R, Santamaria-Jauregui, JM, Iribarren-Loyarte, JA, de Apodaca, RFR, Pasquau-Liano, F, Tornero-Esteban, C, Roca, B, Canoves-Martinez, L, Lorenzo-Gonzalez, JF, Ubillos-Landa, S, Ruzafa-Martinez, M, Aguirrezabal-Prado, A, Arnoso-Martinez, A, Molero, F, Nouvilas-Palleja, E, Perez-Garin, D, Sanjuan-Suarez, P, Gilllario, MD, Madrigal-Vilchez, A, Castro-Calvo, J, Gil-Julia, B, Gimenez-Garcia, C, and Ruiz-Palomino, E
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health-related quality of life ,gender differences ,HIV/AIDS ,physical health ,mental health - Abstract
Studies exploring gender differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are scarce and contradictory. This study evaluated gender differences in HRQOL of 744 PLWHA with median (IQR) age 44 (37-48) years and HIV infection diagnosed 12 (5-20) years earlier. Results showed important differences between genders (p < .05). Better male physical health was related to being employed, not having economic worries, not receiving psychological support, not having injected drugs in past, low negative mood HIV-related, low HIV illness representation and internalized stigma, and high body image satisfaction and health behavior. For women, variables were fewer years since HIV diagnosis and low enacted stigma-personal experience of rejection. Mentally, variables in men were being employed, not having injected drugs, having a stable partner, high health behavior, use of problem-solving coping, personal autonomy and personal meaning. In women, better mental health was related to high CD4 cells, self-esteem and body image satisfaction, and negative mood HIV-related. Men and women coincided in absence of past opportunistic infections being related to better physical and mental health, and absence of side effects for physical health and low HIV-related stress and HIV illness representation for mental health. Our results highlight the need for detailed study of gender differences that identify the bio-psycho-socio inequalities that affect HRQOL.
- Published
- 2019
7. ¿Para quién funciona la prevención del VIH? Análisis de una intervención según factores predisponentes del individuo
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Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M.D., Castro-Calvo, J., and Gil-Julia, B.
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Factores predisponentes ,Eficacia intervención ,Prevención VIH - Abstract
Introducción: Las estrategias comportamentales basadas en modelos socio-cognitivos han mostrado una eficacia diferencial en la prevención del VIH-Sida. Si bien para mejorar su eficacia, se ha hecho hincapié en el desmantelamiento de sus componentes y en su adaptación al contexto, las variables predisponentes del individuo han sido desatendidas aun mostrado un papel relevante para la realización de conductas de riesgo. Por eso, se busca analizar el impacto de una intervención preventiva del VIH en jóvenes, según distintas variables. Material y método: En el estudio, 225 jóvenes (rango edad: 18 a 25 años, distribución sexo: 74% mujeres y 26% hombres) formaron parte de un programa multicomponente de intervención para la prevención del VIH-Sida. Todos cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida (Ballester y cols., 2007), previa y posteriormente a la intervención (postest y seguimiento al mes). Las variables independientes fueron: nivel de conocimiento, actitud hacia el preservativo, actitud hacia el VIH y autoeficacia. La variable dependiente fue la realización de sexo seguro en la práctica de coito vaginal, coito anal y la práctica sexual tras consumir drogas. Resultados: El programa ha sido eficaz para todos los grupos. Sin embargo, aquellas personas que presentaban mejores actitudes hacia el preservativo y percibían con mayor probabilidad la exposición al VIH, muestran mejoras más estables que aquellos que mostraban peores actitudes hacia el preservativo en los que se observa un descenso del sexo seguro a medio plazo. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos confirman la eficacia de las intervenciones para la prevención sexual del VIH-Sida en población joven. No obstante, para el diseño de futuras intervenciones, cabría matizar el papel diferencial que algunas variables actitudinales pueden jugar en la eficacia de las mismas a medio y largo plazo. De esta forma, se optimizarían los resultados de las mismas.
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- 2017
8. Género y prevención de VIH: evaluación de una intervención entre pares para chicos y chicas
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Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Julia, B., and Castro-Calvo, J.
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Prevención ,Género ,Educación entre pares ,VIH-Sida - Abstract
Introducción: La epidemia del VIH-Sida continúa siendo un problema de salud pública entre los jóvenes, un colectivo que presenta similitudes pero que, según el género, también ha mostrado diferencias. Estas diferencias no siempre se han considerado en la evaluación de las intervenciones, más si cabe cuando éstas han sido desarrolladas por pares. El objetivo del presente trabajo busca evaluar la eficacia diferencial, entre chicos y chicas, de un programa inter-pares para la prevención del VIH. Material y método: Ciento catorce estudiantes universitarios (29% de mujeres y 71% de hombres), con edades entre 18 y 25 años, participaron en una intervención breve para la prevención del VIH facilitada por un par. Para evaluar su eficacia, se administró el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida (Ballester y cols., 2007), previa y posteriormente a la intervención (postest y seguimiento al mes). Las variables analizadas fueron: información sobre el VIH, actitudes hacia el preservativo, percepción de riesgo de infectarse por VIH y realización de sexo seguro tras consumir sustancias. Resultados: La intervención breve ha mostrado ser eficaz tanto para chicos como para chicas en cuanto a la mejora de información, la confianza en el preservativo y la práctica de sexo seguro tras el consumo de drogas. No obstante, a medio plazo, las mejoras parecen ser algo más estables entre las mujeres. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos corroboran aquellos estudios que defienden la eficacia de los pares como agentes de prevención en el ámbito del VIH-Sida. Más todavía, demuestran que dicha eficacia se muestra tanto en chicos como en chicas, grupos que pese a sus diferencias podrían beneficiarse de esta estrategia. En cualquier caso, para el diseño de nuevas intervenciones cabría prestar especial atención al mantenimiento de la conducta preventiva, particularmente, en chicos.
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- 2017
9. Validation of the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire: A Brief Self-Report Instrument to Assess Risk of HIV Infection and Guide Behavioral Change
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Gil-Llario, M. D., primary, Ruiz-Palomino, E., additional, Morell-Mengual, V., additional, Giménez-García, C., additional, and Ballester-Arnal, R., additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Percepción en personas mayores de qué podría ayudarnos a morir en paz.
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Gil-Juliá, B, primary, Ballester-Arnal, R, additional, Ruiz-Palomino, E, additional, and Castro-Calvo, J, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Innovación educativa para la promoción de la salud: Una experiencia transversal en el contexto universitario
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Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Gil-Julia, B., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., and Gil-Julia, B.
- Abstract
Introducción: La promoción de la salud requiere una formación actitudinal que mejore competencias en las personas. Para ello, resulta necesario construir pro-gramas desde un enfoque constructivista que permita la consolidación de estilos de vida positivos. El entorno universitario, supone un espacio de aprendizaje en el que también se adquieren habilidades para la vida. Este trabajo presenta la experiencia de un grupo de innovación educativa dirigido a incorporar la educación para la salud en el currículum universitario. Material y método: El “Grupo de Innovación Educativa de Psicología Clínica de la Salud”, se propone crear un espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje que, de modo transversal y continuo, mejore las competencias en salud del alumnado. Para ello, se desarrolla un programa de actividades (formales y no formales) que aborda ámbitos como la salud sexual, la alimentación saludable o la actividad física. La experiencia se evalúa a través del impacto de las experiencias ejecutadas. Resultados: Además de las asignaturas del ámbito se ha colaborado con otras titulaciones, como Ciencias de la Comunicación o Ingeniería Técnica en Diseño Industrial, para incorporar la salud de manera transversal. En ambos casos, se han mejorado las competencias del estudiantado. Asimismo, se han creado espacios no formales desde los que, con metodologías participativas, se han mejorado cono-cimientos y habilidades de los estudiantes. A través de proyectos de innovación educativa (ref. 3137/3302), se ha comprobado la eficacia de algunas metodologías para la mejora de competencias destinadas al cuidado de la salud. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia muestra la relevancia que el enfoque transversal puede tener para la promoción de la salud de la comunidad universitaria. Tanto el análisis de las necesidades, como la interdisciplinariedad y el enfoque participativo, han sido relevantes para su éxito. Una iniciativa que, en última instancia, suma esfuerzos para hacer de la Universidad un entorno
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- 2017
12. Una experiencia de educación inter-pares, entre jóvenes universitarios, para la prevención del VIH-Sida
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Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M.D., Gil-Julia, B., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M.D., Gil-Julia, B., and Castro-Calvo, J.
- Abstract
Introducción: La educación inter-pares ha mostrado ser eficaz en la prevención de riesgos y la promoción de la salud. Esta estrategia es más importante, si cabe, en aquellos ámbitos de la salud teñidos de estigma como podría ser la sexualidad y entre la población que aun configura sus hábitos, los jóvenes. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una experiencia de educación inter-pares para la prevención del VIH en un contexto universitario. Material y método: El programa de Salusex-Unisexsida (centro que combina inter-vención aplicada e investigación en materia de sexualidad en la Universitat Jaume I y la Universitat de València) ha incluido una estrategia de intervención de educación inter-pares con el interés de conocer su eficacia. En dicho programa, participaron 5 estudiantes de Psicología que, una vez formados y entrenados, desarrollaron un programa de prevención dirigido a la comunidad universitaria. Para valorar la experiencia, se ha tenido en cuenta una perspectiva cualitativa tanto en el caso de los estudiantes pares como en el de los receptores de sus intervenciones. Se han incluido criterios como el nivel de aprendizaje, la satisfacción, la motivación y la propia conducta preventiva. Resultados: Los participantes del programa han mejorado sus conocimientos sobre el tema, además de sus hábitos sexuales, aumentando su implicación, competencias y motivación por el trabajo desarrollado. De igual forma, las intervenciones preventivas realizadas han mejorado los conocimientos, actitudes e intenciones de conducta de las personas participantes. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia ha mostrado la eficacia de la educación inter-pares en contextos universitarios, dentro del ámbito del VIH-Sida. Componentes como la atención individualizada, el seguimiento o la inclusión en un plan formativo integral han sido cruciales para dicho resultado. Así pues, dado los bajos costes que genera y los resultados obtenidos, parece imprescindible incluirla en los programas de prevención
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- 2017
13. Teaching innovation in sexual education training: implementation in a psychology degree course
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Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., and Gil-Julià, B.
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Psicología de la salud ,Health psychology ,Sexual education ,Educación sexual ,Teaching innovation ,Formación universitaria ,Academic training ,Innovación docente - Abstract
Tal como reconoce la declaración de objetivos sexuales del milenio, la mejora de la atención a la salud sexual pasa por la formación de los profesionales que se deben encargar de su cuidado. Así, esta declaración establece: “Los programas de formación para trabajadores de la salud deben incluir […] la capacitación en disfunción sexual, trastornos y problemas de género” (Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2009). En el grado en psicología de la Universitat Jaume I, el papel del psicólogo en el ámbito de la intervención sexual se aborda en la asignatura de <>. Esta asignatura, obligatoria desde la introducción de los planes de estudio de grado a partir del plan Bolonia, garantiza que los psicólogos graduados en esta universidad reciban una mínima formación en este ámbito. Recientemente, los docentes de la asignatura hemos desarrollado un proyecto de innovación para mejorar la formación práctica de los alumnos en el campo de la intervención ante problemas sexuales. Este proyecto se fundamenta en el modelado y el aprendizaje crítico a través de recursos innovadores. Así, se desarrollaron videograbaciones en las que dos alumnos (uno en rol de paciente y otro de terapeuta) simulaban una situación de terapia. Al terapeuta se le instó a cometer errores, que sirvieron para el análisis durante su proyección en las clases prácticas de la asignatura. Esto se acompañaba de actividades de autoevaluación a través de aplicaciones virtuales. Mediante el uso de metodologías docentes innovadoras, la motivación hacia la asignatura así como la aplicación práctica de los contenidos teóricos ha mejorado significativamente. Esta experiencia de innovación ha permitido enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la intervención en sexualidad, lo que redundará en una mejor atención clínica cuando estos futuros profesionales emprendan su actividad laboral. The Sexual Health for the Millennium declaration recognizes the need to improve the academic training of those professionals who will be responsible for their care. Specifically, this declaration proposes that: “Academic training programs for health professionals must include […] education in sexual dysfunction, disorders and gender problems” (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In the psychology degree of Jaume I University, the role of psychologist in the field of sexual disorders treatment is addressed at the <> subject. This subject, mandatory since the approval of degree studies, guarantees that psychologists licensed at this university have a minimum training in this field. Recently, professors from this subject have developed a teaching innovation project in order to improve students training in the field of sexual intervention and treatment. This project is based on the principles and practices of the observational learning model and the critic learning theory and assisted through the use of innovative educational resources. Two students (one in the therapist role and the other in the patient role) were recorded simulating a real therapy situation. The student in the therapist role was encouraged to make errors intentionally; these errors were then employed in an exercise of critique analysis during their projection on class. Furthermore, we did self-assessment activities through a virtual platform. The use of innovative teaching methodologies has increased students motivation toward the subject as well as the applicability of theoretical contents. This innovation experience has improved the teaching-learning process and the training of future sexual health professionals. As a consequence, the performance of these future professionals in sexual health attention will be increased. Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Educativa “Aprenentatge significatiu: disseny de materials multimèdia per a desenvolupar competències en Psicologia clínica de la salut”, financiado por la Unitat de Suport Educatiu de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (proyecto 3137/15).
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- 2016
14. Salusexsida: a sexual-affective experience of education at university
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Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., and Castro-Calvo, Jesús
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Educación transversal ,Universidad ,University ,Educación afectivo-sexual ,Cross curricular-subjects ,Educación de pares ,Peer education ,Affective-sexual education - Abstract
La educación afectivo-sexual de la población joven requiere la inclusión de variables actitudinales que comprendan, además de conocimientos, aquellas valoraciones, afectos y habilidades que posibilitan el desarrollo de una salud sexual integral. Para ello resulta necesario que el espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se integre en distintos contextos formativos, a partir de un marco de participación activa que posibilite desarrollar un aprendizaje comprehensivo. De esta forma, se facilita la generalización de lo aprendido a los contextos cotidianos y su incorporación a los estilos de vida. En este marco, la Unidad de Investigación sobre Sexualidad y Sida (Salusex-Unisexsida) de la Universitat Jaume I contempla, entre sus líneas de trabajo, un programa educativo que persigue mejorar la formación en el ámbito de la sexualidad humana entre los jóvenes. Una parte del programa introduce el ámbito de la sexualidad, de manera transversal, en asignaturas incluidas en el pensum académico formal. Por ejemplo, incorporando en la asignatura de Lenguaje Publicitario, la realización de campañas preventivas de riesgos asociados a la sexualidad. Otra parte, se centra en crear espacios de educación no formal (en grupos reducidos o en foros abiertos) en los que a través de dinámicas participativas y creativas, fomentan actitudes y habilidades saludables. Por ejemplo, exposiciones gráficas, teatro en la calle o concursos de relatos. Además, dada la eficacia que la educación entre pares ha demostrado, se integra la participación activa de jóvenes formados como agentes de salud que contribuyen a aumentar su eficacia. Como resultado, el programa ha posibilitado que más de 5000 jóvenes se involucren en las actividades, mejorando sus conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades, lo que redunda en su salud sexual. Así pues, parece evidente la necesidad de crear y fortalecer espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario para mejorar la salud sexual de los jóvenes. The affective-sexual education for Young people should contain attitudinal variables that included information, as well as those valuations, emotions and skills related to a global sexual health. For this, the teaching and learning space should be involved in different educational contexts, based on an active participation to develop a comprehensive learning. In this way, people would generalize their learning to daily contexts and lifestyles. In this context, the Unit of sexual health and HIV-AIDS (Salusex-Unisexsida) prevention belongs to Universitat Jaume I (Castellón) includes, in its work strategy, a learning program to improve the training of human sexuality among young people. One part of this program includes the sexual field in cross curricular-subjects. For example, we have incorporated in the subject of Language of Advertisement, the development of preventive campaigns to prevent sexual risks. Another part of this program is focused on creating non-formal education spaces (in small groups or opened forum) with participative and creative techniques to promote healthy attitudes and skills. For example, exhibitions, street performance or tale competitions. Moreover, because the effectiveness of peer education, we have included an active participation of young people. They have been trained as health agents, increasing the effectiveness. As a result, more than 5000 young people have took part in our activities, improving their knowledge, attitudes and skills that result in their sexual health. Therefore, in order to improve the sexual health of young people, we should create and strengthen teaching and learning spaces in the university context.
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- 2016
15. The influence of the personality on the development of self-concept in young people
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Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Llario, María Dolores, and Salmerón-Sánchez, P.
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Youth ,Modelo cinco factores ,Self-esteem ,Autoestima ,Personalidad ,Jóvenes ,Five Factor Model ,Personality - Abstract
Los rasgos se definen como patrones de pensamientos, emociones o comportamientos relativamente estables a lo largo del ciclo vital. Desde la perspectiva del rasgo, la Teoría de los Cinco Factores de Costa y McCrae ha sido una de las más relevantes. La personalidad, pues, se explica como un sistema en el que las tendencias básicas interactúan con las influencias externas y los factores biológicos para formar o mantener características adaptativas, como la autoestima. Con el objetivo de examinar cómo influyen los cinco factores de la personalidad en la dimensión evaluativa del autoconcepto, se evaluó a 455 jóvenes de la Comunidad Valenciana (xedad = 20,62; DT = 2,14). Se utilizó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y el Inventario de Personalidad NEO PI-R. Los resultados muestran correlaciones negativas estadísticamente significativas entre autoestima y Neuroticismo (p < .001) y todas sus facetas. Del mismo modo, se encuentran relaciones positivas significativas a nivel estadístico con Extraversión (p < .001), Apertura a la Experiencia (p = .008) y Responsabilidad (p < .001). También con las facetas de las tres dimensiones, excepto con Estética (p = .287). No aparece relacionada de forma estadísticamente significativa la autoestima con la Amabilidad (p = .173), pero sí con dos de sus facetas de manera positiva (Confianza, p < .001; Altruismo, p = .046) y dos de manera negativa (Franqueza, p = .016; Modestia, p < .001). Los rasgos de la personalidad influyen en la autoevaluación cognitiva y afectiva hacia uno mismo, del mismo modo que la autoestima lo hace en el desarrollo de la personalidad. Dado que ambos constructos han sido considerados indicadores de la salud mental y de las conductas de riesgo para la salud, resulta necesario seguir profundizando en la naturaleza de esta relación. The traits are defined as patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviors relatively stable throughout the life cycle. The Theory of the Five Factors by Costa and McCrae has been one of the most important models from the trait perspectives. The personality thus is explained as a system in which the basic trends interact with external influences and biological factors to develop or maintain characteristic adaptations, such as self-esteem. This study aims to examine how the five factors influence on evaluative dimension of self-concept. 455 young people of Valencian Community were assessed (Mage = 20,62; SD = 2,14). The Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory were used. Results show statistically significant negative correlations between self-esteem and Neuroticism (p < .001) and all its facets. On the other hand, statistically significant positive correlations were observed between self-esteem and Extraversion (p < .001), Openness to Experience (p = .008) and Conscientiousness (p < .001). It has also obtained significant correlations with the facets of these three dimensions, except Aesthetics (p = .287). No significant correlations were found between self-esteem and Agreeableness (p = .173), but two facets positively correlated (Trust, p = .000; Altruism, p = .046) and two negatively (Straightforwardness, p = .016; Modesty, p = .000). The personality traits influence cognitive and emotional self-evaluation, just as it does self-esteem on personality development. Both constructs have been considered indicators of mental health and risk behaviors, so it is necessary to further deepen the nature of this relationship.
- Published
- 2016
16. La influencia de la personalidad en el desarrollo del autoconcepto en jóvenes
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Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Llario, María Dolores, Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Llario, María Dolores, and Salmerón-Sánchez, P.
- Abstract
Los rasgos se definen como patrones de pensamientos, emociones o comportamientos relativamente estables a lo largo del ciclo vital. Desde la perspectiva del rasgo, la Teoría de los Cinco Factores de Costa y McCrae ha sido una de las más relevantes. La personalidad, pues, se explica como un sistema en el que las tendencias básicas interactúan con las influencias externas y los factores biológicos para formar o mantener características adaptativas, como la autoestima. Con el objetivo de examinar cómo influyen los cinco factores de la personalidad en la dimensión evaluativa del autoconcepto, se evaluó a 455 jóvenes de la Comunidad Valenciana (xedad = 20,62; DT = 2,14). Se utilizó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y el Inventario de Personalidad NEO PI-R. Los resultados muestran correlaciones negativas estadísticamente significativas entre autoestima y Neuroticismo (p < .001) y todas sus facetas. Del mismo modo, se encuentran relaciones positivas significativas a nivel estadístico con Extraversión (p < .001), Apertura a la Experiencia (p = .008) y Responsabilidad (p < .001). También con las facetas de las tres dimensiones, excepto con Estética (p = .287). No aparece relacionada de forma estadísticamente significativa la autoestima con la Amabilidad (p = .173), pero sí con dos de sus facetas de manera positiva (Confianza, p < .001; Altruismo, p = .046) y dos de manera negativa (Franqueza, p = .016; Modestia, p < .001). Los rasgos de la personalidad influyen en la autoevaluación cognitiva y afectiva hacia uno mismo, del mismo modo que la autoestima lo hace en el desarrollo de la personalidad. Dado que ambos constructos han sido considerados indicadores de la salud mental y de las conductas de riesgo para la salud, resulta necesario seguir profundizando en la naturaleza de esta relación., The traits are defined as patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviors relatively stable throughout the life cycle. The Theory of the Five Factors by Costa and McCrae has been one of the most important models from the trait perspectives. The personality thus is explained as a system in which the basic trends interact with external influences and biological factors to develop or maintain characteristic adaptations, such as self-esteem. This study aims to examine how the five factors influence on evaluative dimension of self-concept. 455 young people of Valencian Community were assessed (Mage = 20,62; SD = 2,14). The Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory were used. Results show statistically significant negative correlations between self-esteem and Neuroticism (p < .001) and all its facets. On the other hand, statistically significant positive correlations were observed between self-esteem and Extraversion (p < .001), Openness to Experience (p = .008) and Conscientiousness (p < .001). It has also obtained significant correlations with the facets of these three dimensions, except Aesthetics (p = .287). No significant correlations were found between self-esteem and Agreeableness (p = .173), but two facets positively correlated (Trust, p = .000; Altruism, p = .046) and two negatively (Straightforwardness, p = .016; Modesty, p = .000). The personality traits influence cognitive and emotional self-evaluation, just as it does self-esteem on personality development. Both constructs have been considered indicators of mental health and risk behaviors, so it is necessary to further deepen the nature of this relationship.
- Published
- 2016
17. Innovación docente en la formación en salud sexual: aplicación a una asignatura del grado en psicología
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Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Julià, B., Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Ballester-Arnal, R., Giménez-García, C., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Ruiz-Palomino, E., and Gil-Julià, B.
- Abstract
Tal como reconoce la declaración de objetivos sexuales del milenio, la mejora de la atención a la salud sexual pasa por la formación de los profesionales que se deben encargar de su cuidado. Así, esta declaración establece: “Los programas de formación para trabajadores de la salud deben incluir […] la capacitación en disfunción sexual, trastornos y problemas de género” (Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2009). En el grado en psicología de la Universitat Jaume I, el papel del psicólogo en el ámbito de la intervención sexual se aborda en la asignatura de <
>. Esta asignatura, obligatoria desde la introducción de los planes de estudio de grado a partir del plan Bolonia, garantiza que los psicólogos graduados en esta universidad reciban una mínima formación en este ámbito. Recientemente, los docentes de la asignatura hemos desarrollado un proyecto de innovación para mejorar la formación práctica de los alumnos en el campo de la intervención ante problemas sexuales. Este proyecto se fundamenta en el modelado y el aprendizaje crítico a través de recursos innovadores. Así, se desarrollaron videograbaciones en las que dos alumnos (uno en rol de paciente y otro de terapeuta) simulaban una situación de terapia. Al terapeuta se le instó a cometer errores, que sirvieron para el análisis durante su proyección en las clases prácticas de la asignatura. Esto se acompañaba de actividades de autoevaluación a través de aplicaciones virtuales. Mediante el uso de metodologías docentes innovadoras, la motivación hacia la asignatura así como la aplicación práctica de los contenidos teóricos ha mejorado significativamente. Esta experiencia de innovación ha permitido enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la intervención en sexualidad, lo que redundará en una mejor atención clínica cuando estos futuros profesionales emprendan su actividad laboral., The Sexual Health for the Millennium declaration recognizes the need to improve the academic training of those professionals who will be responsible for their care. Specifically, this declaration proposes that: “Academic training programs for health professionals must include […] education in sexual dysfunction, disorders and gender problems” (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In the psychology degree of Jaume I University, the role of psychologist in the field of sexual disorders treatment is addressed at the < > subject. This subject, mandatory since the approval of degree studies, guarantees that psychologists licensed at this university have a minimum training in this field. Recently, professors from this subject have developed a teaching innovation project in order to improve students training in the field of sexual intervention and treatment. This project is based on the principles and practices of the observational learning model and the critic learning theory and assisted through the use of innovative educational resources. Two students (one in the therapist role and the other in the patient role) were recorded simulating a real therapy situation. The student in the therapist role was encouraged to make errors intentionally; these errors were then employed in an exercise of critique analysis during their projection on class. Furthermore, we did self-assessment activities through a virtual platform. The use of innovative teaching methodologies has increased students motivation toward the subject as well as the applicability of theoretical contents. This innovation experience has improved the teaching-learning process and the training of future sexual health professionals. As a consequence, the performance of these future professionals in sexual health attention will be increased. - Published
- 2016
18. Salusexsida: una experiencia de educación afectivo-sexual en el contexto universitario
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Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., Castro-Calvo, Jesús, Giménez-García, C., Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Salmerón-Sánchez, P., and Castro-Calvo, Jesús
- Abstract
La educación afectivo-sexual de la población joven requiere la inclusión de variables actitudinales que comprendan, además de conocimientos, aquellas valoraciones, afectos y habilidades que posibilitan el desarrollo de una salud sexual integral. Para ello resulta necesario que el espacio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se integre en distintos contextos formativos, a partir de un marco de participación activa que posibilite desarrollar un aprendizaje comprehensivo. De esta forma, se facilita la generalización de lo aprendido a los contextos cotidianos y su incorporación a los estilos de vida. En este marco, la Unidad de Investigación sobre Sexualidad y Sida (Salusex-Unisexsida) de la Universitat Jaume I contempla, entre sus líneas de trabajo, un programa educativo que persigue mejorar la formación en el ámbito de la sexualidad humana entre los jóvenes. Una parte del programa introduce el ámbito de la sexualidad, de manera transversal, en asignaturas incluidas en el pensum académico formal. Por ejemplo, incorporando en la asignatura de Lenguaje Publicitario, la realización de campañas preventivas de riesgos asociados a la sexualidad. Otra parte, se centra en crear espacios de educación no formal (en grupos reducidos o en foros abiertos) en los que a través de dinámicas participativas y creativas, fomentan actitudes y habilidades saludables. Por ejemplo, exposiciones gráficas, teatro en la calle o concursos de relatos. Además, dada la eficacia que la educación entre pares ha demostrado, se integra la participación activa de jóvenes formados como agentes de salud que contribuyen a aumentar su eficacia. Como resultado, el programa ha posibilitado que más de 5000 jóvenes se involucren en las actividades, mejorando sus conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades, lo que redunda en su salud sexual. Así pues, parece evidente la necesidad de crear y fortalecer espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el contexto universitario para mejorar la salud sexual de los jóvenes., The affective-sexual education for Young people should contain attitudinal variables that included information, as well as those valuations, emotions and skills related to a global sexual health. For this, the teaching and learning space should be involved in different educational contexts, based on an active participation to develop a comprehensive learning. In this way, people would generalize their learning to daily contexts and lifestyles. In this context, the Unit of sexual health and HIV-AIDS (Salusex-Unisexsida) prevention belongs to Universitat Jaume I (Castellón) includes, in its work strategy, a learning program to improve the training of human sexuality among young people. One part of this program includes the sexual field in cross curricular-subjects. For example, we have incorporated in the subject of Language of Advertisement, the development of preventive campaigns to prevent sexual risks. Another part of this program is focused on creating non-formal education spaces (in small groups or opened forum) with participative and creative techniques to promote healthy attitudes and skills. For example, exhibitions, street performance or tale competitions. Moreover, because the effectiveness of peer education, we have included an active participation of young people. They have been trained as health agents, increasing the effectiveness. As a result, more than 5000 young people have took part in our activities, improving their knowledge, attitudes and skills that result in their sexual health. Therefore, in order to improve the sexual health of young people, we should create and strengthen teaching and learning spaces in the university context.
- Published
- 2016
19. Interpersonal Difficulties Arising from Child Sexual Abuse: Differences Between Intra-familial and Extra-familial Abuse Victims.
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García-Montoliu C, Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Fernández-García O, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) often has serious implications for the victims. The scientific literature reflects a diversity of sequelae that may appear in the short and long term. Interpersonal difficulties have been shown to be one of the most common consequences. However, studies comparing these sequelae between victims of intra-familial (IF) and extra-familial (EF) CSA are scarce. The aim of this research was to analyze differences in dyadic satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and attachment patterns in adulthood between Spanish IF victims, EF victims, and non-victims of CSA. The Sexual Victimization Subscale of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, the Relationship Assessment Scale, the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire were administered to 140 adults (94 CSA victims and 46 non-victims) aged 18 to 54 years. CSA victims scored lower than the non-victims on the personal sexual satisfaction factor and attachment factors characterized by the need for approval, hostile resolution of conflicts, and emotional self-sufficiency. Statistically significant differences were also found between the victim groups in the factors characterized by the need for approval and communication of feelings and comfort with relationships showing the IF group to have more impairment in these areas than the EF group. In conclusion, CSA may have serious implications for the development of victims' interpersonal relationships. The context of sexual abuse and the relationship between victim and offender appears to play a role in the development of relational problems. These findings highlight the need to implement specific strategies in the psychological treatment of victims depending on their relationship with the offender and the environment in which the abuse occurred., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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20. Family reaction to coming out (FRCO): A Spanish adaptation and validation of perceived parental reactions scale.
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Nebot-Garcia JE, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Fernández-García O, and Gil-Llario MD
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Family reactions to coming out can affect the mental health of individuals who disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate tool to assess them. The Perceived Parental Reactions Scale (PPRS) assessed perceived parental reactions to the disclosure of gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation by their children. We adapted the PPRS so that it can be answered by any individual belonging to a sexual or gender minority, and can be answered regarding any member of the family, not just parents. A total of 2627 individuals from Spain participated in this study, with a mean age of 31.59 (SD = 11.26). Participants completed the adapted PPRS questionnaire, now named the Family Reaction to Coming Out (FRCO). The FRCO assessed family reactions when disclosing their sexual orientation or gender identity. The majority of participants identified as cisgender men (47.5%) or cisgender women (44.9%), and as gay/lesbian (51.9%). A one-factor model emerged through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FRCO displayed excellent internal consistency and demonstrated good levels of invariance for participants' gender (male vs female vs nonbinary gender), family member's gender (male vs female), and type of family member (parents vs other family member). Supporting convergent validity, the FRCO has shown a positive correlation with fear of family reaction to coming out. These findings support the validity and reliability of the FRCO tool in assessing the reactions of any family member within the Spanish context., (© 2024 The Author(s). Family Process published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Family Process Institute.)
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- 2024
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21. Gender Differences in the Characterization of Child Sexual Abuse.
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García-Montoliu C, Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, and Ruiz-Palomino E
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Child, Crime Victims psychology, Crime Victims statistics & numerical data, Spain epidemiology, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Child Abuse, Sexual psychology, Child Abuse, Sexual statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Research on child sexual abuse (CSA) has increased in recent decades. However, the study of gender differences in this field is still scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the characterization of CSA between Spanish adult men and women. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire was administered to 162 cisgender victims of CSA aged 18-63. Most of the abuses involved physical contact and were committed by a known person. Twenty percent of the victims indicated that they had developed a mental health problem that they believed was due to the CSA experience. Women suffered more CSA with physical contact and penetration, more types of abuse and more abuse by men, and were abused more frequently by a family member. Compared to women, men suffered more sexual abuse by women. Exploring gender differences in CSA could help to improve preventive strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the occurrence of this type of abuse and sequelae resulting from it.
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- 2024
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22. Differences in the Sexual Life of Spanish Men During the COVID-19 Lockdown by Sexual Orientation.
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Nebot-Garcia JE, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Elipe-Miravet M, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Communicable Disease Control, Sexual Behavior psychology, Men, Heterosexuality, Sexual Partners psychology, COVID-19
- Abstract
Background: The pandemic affected the psychological well-being and sexuality of the population, especially among vulnerable groups such as men from sexual minorities., Method: In Spain, a total of 320 heterosexual men and 151 sexual minority men, aged between 18 and 60, answered an ad hoc online questionnaire about sexual behavior during the lockdown., Results: Compared to heterosexual men, during the lockdown, sexual minority men masturbated more, engaged in more sexual activities online, and had more sex with non-cohabitants. Heterosexual men had more sexual relations with their partners. Living with a partner during the lockdown predicted an improvement in sex life, especially for heterosexual men. Furthermore, the emotional impact of lockdown was a predictor of a worsening sex life regardless of sexual orientation., Conclusions: Future interventions should take into account that men's sex lives are mediated by the emotional impact of the moment, especially among sexual minority men, since the quality of their sex life shows a weaker relationship with some of the protective variables studied (living with a partner).
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- 2023
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23. Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project.
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Portillo-Van Diest A, Ballester Coma L, Mortier P, Vilagut G, Amigo F, Puértolas Gracia B, García-Mieres H, Alayo I, Blasco MJ, Carrasco Espi P, Falcó R, Forteza-Rey I, Garcia-Pazo P, Gili M, Giménez-García C, Machancoses FH, Marzo Campos JC, Navarra-Ventura G, Piqueras JA, Rebagliato M, Roca M, Rodriguez Jiménez T, Roldan L, Ruiz-Palomino E, Soto-Sanz V, and Alonso J
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- Humans, Universities, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Observational Studies as Topic, Mental Health, Ecological Momentary Assessment
- Abstract
Introduction: There is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems., Methods and Analysis: Undergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems., Ethics and Dissemination: The project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universities' mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public., Study Registration: osf.io/p7csq., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
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24. Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020.
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Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Castro-Calvo J, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Male, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Safe Sex, Self Efficacy, Sexual Behavior, Condoms, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
Self-efficacy seems to be one of the most important resources for the different stages underlying condom use and STI prevention. For this reason, this study evaluates trends in self-efficacy by gender, from 2004 to 2008, 2013 and 2020 in Spain. Throughout these years, 6,698 people ranging from 17 to 40 years old, participated filling the Brief scale of condom use self-efficacy. According to our findings, despite the slight improvement in the recent years, self-efficacy still maintains a risky profile for safe sex, especially among the youngest people. Moreover, most of the traditional gender differences continue over the years with women reporting lower scores for condom purchase and men for putting them. However, these differences are not relevant in other dimensions such as using condoms despite drug consumption where women reveal worse results over the years. Therefore, our findings reaffirm the need of intensifying gendered preventive efforts aimed at Spanish people and, particularly, among the youngest., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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25. Sexual life of Spanish women during the lockdown by COVID-19: Differences according to sexual orientation?
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Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, García-Barba M, Fernández-García O, and Gil-Llario MD
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the sexual health differences that already existed among women based on their sexual orientation. Therefore, a total of 971 Spanish women aged 18-60 years (84 % heterosexual and 16 % with a minority sexual orientation) answered an ad hoc online questionnaire about sexual behavior during April 2020. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women showed a greater increase in sexual frequency, masturbated more, had more sex with a housemate, and engaged in more online sexual activities during lockdown. The emotional impact of the pandemic, having privacy, and age showed a relationship with the quality of sexual life, but not sexual orientation. Based on these results, women's sexual lives are not as closely related to their sexual orientation as they are to other variables. Therefore, it seems more necessary to address issues affecting women in general during lockdown than to focus on their specific sexual orientation., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (© 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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26. Poverty, social exclusion, and mental health: the role of the family context in children aged 7-11 years INMA mother-and-child cohort study.
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González L, Estarlich M, Murcia M, Barreto-Zarza F, Santa-Marina L, Simó S, Larrañaga MI, Ruiz-Palomino E, Ibarluzea J, and Rebagliato M
- Subjects
- Female, Child, Humans, Cohort Studies, Mental Health, Social Isolation, Poverty psychology, Mothers, Child Behavior Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Mental health problems are common in childhood and tend to be more frequent in populations at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). The family environment can play a role in reducing the impact of economic hardship on these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of multidimensional poverty on the mental health of children aged 7-11 years and the role of the family environment in two areas of Spain. Participants were 395 and 382 children aged 7 and 11 from Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problem scales of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) were used. AROPE indicators were obtained by questionnaire, and three dimensions of the family context (Organization of the Physical Environment and Social Context, Parental Stress and Conflict, and Parental Profile Fostering Development) were measured through subscales 3, 4 and 5 of the Haezi-Etxadi family assessment scale (7-11) (HEFAS 7-11), respectively. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression and Structural Equation Modelling. AROPE prevalence was 7.1 and 34.5% in Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. In both cohorts, there was a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems among participants with a higher AROPE score. However, AROPE did not affect internalizing problems in children from families living in a better physical environment and with social support (Subscale 3). The AROPE effect was jointly mediated by subscales 4 and 5 in 42 and 62% of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Preventing economic inequities by economic compensation policies, improving the neighbourhood and immediate environment around the school, and promoting positive parenting programmes can improve mental health in childhood., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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27. A Trend Analysis of Condom use in Spanish Young People over the Two Past Decades, 1999-2020.
- Author
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Ballester-Arnal R, Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Castro-Calvo J, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Condoms, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
HIV exposure is one of the greatest sexual risks in young people, and condom use is the best protective measure. Despite the preventive efforts, trend in condom use is still unclear. This study examines the trend of condom use by gender in Spanish young people, in different sexual practices (vaginal, oral and anal), relationships (regular and casual) and having sex after drugs consumption during the two past decades (from 1999 to 2020). For this, 14,472 people who ranged from 17 to 40 years old (63.5% women) filled the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. In general, low condom use remains stable and even gets worse regardless of the type of sexual practice, relationship and the substance consumption. Regarding gender, this trend is worse in women who have been less likely to report condom use than men have. Moreover, older people have reported a minor frequency of condom use than the youngest people have done, except for anal sex. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze why, despite preventive efforts, condom use seems to decrease over time., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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28. Trends in HIV sexual prevention: Attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention in Spanish young people over the past two decades (1999-2020).
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Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Nebot-García JE, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Condoms, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Intention, Male, Sexual Behavior psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome psychology, HIV Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Despite preventive efforts, HIV exposure is still a concern for public health. The current prevalence is related to unsafe sex, which is based on socio-cognitive variables. Therefore, information about these variables is required to verify whether the past preventive strategies have been effective and improve the future ones. However, there is not updated information to adjust future preventive interventions. For this reason, this study analyzes trends by gender in Spanish young people over the past two decades in perceived susceptibility to HIV, severity perceived to HIV, condom confidence and the intention of condom use, from 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, 11,665 Spanish young people (from 17 to 40 years old) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. Following our results, in general, the socio-cognitive variables have revealed an unsatisfactory trend: a low perceived susceptibility to HIV and a behavioral intention that have remained stable or even declined slightly over the past years. Particularly, men are more likely to report a riskier level in socio-cognitive variables although, in the latest evaluations, women would decrease condom use intention largely than men. In general, regarding age, young adult would report better levels of condom confidence, but early youth would get higher results in perceived severity, as well as better scores in the latest evaluations of condom use intention. Considering these results, policies should make an effort in HIV prevention programs, and emphasize the attention to attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention to improve their effectiveness., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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29. Factors associated with condom use in vaginal intercourse among Spanish adults with intellectual disability: Proposal for an explanatory model.
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Gil-Llario MD, Morell-Mengual V, Fernández-García O, Ruiz-Palomino E, and Ballester-Arnal R
- Subjects
- Adult, Condoms, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, Young Adult, Intellectual Disability, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: The prevention of HIV or other STIs in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is a rarely studied subject even though this population group is at the same risk of infection as the general population., Aims: The present study aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of sexual behaviours and condom use frequency in Spanish men and women with intellectual disabilities and identify the combination of variables that best explain condom use in vaginal intercourse., Methods and Procedures: The sample consisted of 253 people (56.1 % male and 43.9 % female) aged between 20 and 64 years (M = 38.52; SD = 10.48). Participants completed the Sexuality Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disabilities and the Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale., Outcomes and Results: The percentage of consistent condom use is 27.7 % for vaginal intercourse. Lack of knowledge about body boundaries constitutes a risk factor contributing to risky sexual behaviour. Knowledge of HIV-transmitting fluids and perceived self-efficacy are protective factors. The proposed model explains between 35.5 % and 46.6 % of the variance., Conclusions and Implications: The results highlight the importance of considering the judgements people make about their ability to perform preventive behaviour and the provision of information on sexuality adapted to cognitive abilities to minimise the engagement in risky behaviours., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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30. Development and Validation of a Scale for Assessing the Interference of Chronic Primary Pain Conditions in Sexual Functioning: The Sex-Pain Questionnaire.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, Elipe-Miravet M, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Chronic Pain
- Abstract
Chronic pain represents one of the main health public problems worldwide and significantly affects the sexual life of patients. However, no specific instruments of evaluation have been found that address this population. This study presents the SEX-PAIN Questionnaire, developed for identifying chronic pain's interference with sexual functioning among people with chronic pain. Methods. The validation has been carried out with a sample of 303 Spanish non-hospitalized patients with chronic pain diagnosis aged between 20 and 71 years old (Mage = 49.49; SD = 10.7). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) yielded 2-factor structure: Sexual and Relationship Dissatisfaction, and Chronic Pain Impact on Sexual Life. This structure was later verified through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency (Omega) of each factor was .72 and .96, respectively. This study presents the psychometric properties of a new measure addressed to patients with chronic pain. This 17-items self-administered instrument can be a useful measure of the chronic pain's interference with sexual functioning among chronic pain patients. It represents the first original questionnaire known in Spanish language to date. This measure could potentially help researchers and clinicians to obtain key information to design appropriate healthcare interventions.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2022.2039336 .
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- 2022
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31. Influence of beliefs about romantic love on the justification of abusive behaviors among early adolescents.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Ballester-Arnal R, Giménez-García C, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Adolescent, Aggression, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Jealousy, Male, Intimate Partner Violence, Love
- Abstract
Introduction: Romantic experiences during adolescence have an important influence on functioning later in life. Romantic love has been associated with the acceptance of abusive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of different types of abusive behaviors, as well as the influence of gender., Methods: The sample comprised 448 Spanish adolescents (M = 12.92 years old; SD = 0.85), of which 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. Participants were evaluated in the school setting. The Perception of Abuse Scale and the Myths, Fallacies, and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale were administered., Results: Statistically significant negative associations between the myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of abusive behaviors were found. Myths regarding possession, dedication, and exclusivity were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent males. Myths regarding the omnipotence of love were associated with a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in adolescent females. Believing in jealousy as a demonstration of love (myth of jealousy) and in the need to establish a steady union when you love someone (marriage myth) explained a lower perceived severity of abusive behaviors in regression models. However, being female and having these beliefs explained a higher perceived severity of abusive behaviors., Conclusions: The myths of romantic love are already present during early adolescence. These beliefs are implicated in the construction of gender inequality and difficulties in the identification of dating abuse behavior severity. A gendered perspective is necessary to understand this issue. Early intervention strategies should address the cognitive and emotional components of intimate relationships., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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32. "INSIDE" Project on Sexual Health in Spain: Sexual Life During the Lockdown Caused by COVID-19.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, and Gil-Llario MD
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming a major hazard to public health worldwide. This is causing a significant impact on life and physical health, as well as on the psychological well-being of the general population. Since the emotional distress and the social restrictions caused by this epidemic, it must be expected that its impact will also extend to sexual health. The purpose of this study, the first including a large sample of the Spanish general population, was to analyze sexual behavior during the 99 days of confinement in Spain (INSIDE Project)., Method: One thousand four hundred forty-eight Spanish people, between 18 and 60 years old, were evaluated through an online survey during April 2020. The variables analyzed were the physical and social environment during confinement, sexual desire, type of sexual activity, masturbation, sexual intercourse, online sexual activity, general sexual frequency, sexual fantasies, degree of self-control over sexual drive, sexual abuse, general impact of confinement on sexuality, and emotional mood., Results: Confinement has affected the sexual life of half of the Spanish population (47.7%), especially women. Those who reported a worsening of their sexual life are almost three times more (37.9%) than those who reported an improvement (14.4%)., Conclusions: Different factors have been significant predictors of the positive or negative evaluation about the impact of this confinement on sexual life, such as gender, couple life, privacy, stress level, and the perception of confinement as unbearable., Policy Implications: These results have important implications for the public health and more especially sexual health of the Spanish population., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.)
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- 2021
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33. "The COVID-19 outbreak"-An empirical phenomenological study on perceptions and psychosocial considerations surrounding the immediate incorporation of final-year Spanish nursing and medical students into the health system.
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Collado-Boira EJ, Ruiz-Palomino E, Salas-Media P, Folch-Ayora A, Muriach M, and Baliño P
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- Adult, COVID-19, Emotions, Empirical Research, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Spain epidemiology, Students, Medical statistics & numerical data, Students, Nursing statistics & numerical data, Universities, Young Adult, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections therapy, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Disease Outbreaks, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral therapy, Students, Medical psychology, Students, Nursing psychology
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health crisis worldwide, with the numbers of infections and deaths worldwide multiplying alarmingly in a matter of weeks. Accordingly, governments have been forced to take drastic actions such as the confinement of the population and the suspension of face-to-face teaching. In Spain, due to the collapse of the health system the government has been forced to take a series of important measures such as requesting the voluntary incorporation of final-year nursing and medical students into the health system. The objective of the present work is to study, using a phenomenological qualitative approach, the perceptions of students in this exceptional actual situation. A total of 62 interviews were carried out with final-year nursing and medicine students from Jaime I University (Spain), with 85% reporting having voluntarily joined the health system for ethical and moral reasons. Results from the inductive analysis of the descriptions highlighted two main categories and a total of five sub-categories. The main feelings collected regarding mood were negative, represented by uncertainty, nervousness, and fear. This study provides a description of the perceptions of final-year nursing and medical students with respect to their immediate incorporation into a health system aggravated by a global crisis., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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34. Health promotion in young people: Identifying the predisposing factors of self-care health habits.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Ballester-Arnal R, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Adolescent, Adult, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Spain, Young Adult, Causality, Habits, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Self Care
- Abstract
Unhealthy behaviors are strongly associated with chronic diseases, disabilities, or mortality. Identifying the predisposing factors that influence on self-care healthy habits will improve an early detection of high-risk groups. Four hundred and sixty-six Spanish young people aged 18-25 years were assessed. Global perceived health self-care was predicted by Value of health and Conscientiousness, both in females ( R
2 = 0.185; F = 29.661; p < 0.001) and males ( R2 = 0.154; F = 17.849; p < 0.001). The results have shown gender differences in health self-care habits. Health promotion policies should include specific health consciousness-based strategies.- Published
- 2020
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35. Explanatory Psychological Factors of Inconsistently Condom Use among Spanish University Students: Gender Differences.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Gil-Llario MD, Giménez-García C, and Ballester-Arnal R
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- Adolescent, Alcoholic Intoxication psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Spain, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Unsafe Sex, Young Adult, Condoms, Contraception Behavior psychology, Students psychology
- Abstract
More than 50% of Spanish youth does not use of condoms correctly and consistently. University students are a particular population at high risk of the HIV infection, other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The influence of psychological variables in using of condom is analyzed by gender and type of sexual relationship. A total of 256 females and 168 males were assessed (Mage= 20.62; SD = 2.16). A regression logistic analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking appears as an explanatory variable of inconsistently condom use in both females and males in vaginal intercourse, steady relationship intercourse and sex under the alcohol and other drugs effects (adjusted odds ratio between 1.095 and 1.124). Moreover, self-esteem appears as a risk factor and extraversion as a protective factor of use of condom in females. On the other hand, neuroticism reveals itself as a protective factor and fear of negative evaluation as a risk factor of use of condom in males. It is necessary to know the psychological mechanisms that underlie sexual risk behaviors for adapting interventions to individual and contextual characteristics.
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- 2020
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36. Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Scale of the Condom Use Self-Efficacy for Spanish-Speaking People.
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Gil-Llario MD, Morell-Mengual V, Ruiz-Palomino E, and Ballester-Arnal R
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Condoms statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections prevention & control, Psychometrics instrumentation, Self Efficacy
- Abstract
Background: Studies have shown the role played by perceived self-efficacy in explaining condom negotiation and condom use., Aims: The factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the Brief Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale are presented., Method: The study included 368 men and 456 women aged 17 to 55 years ( M
age = 25.01, SD = 6.93)., Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors: fear of rejection, impulse control, and condom acquisition and negotiation, which together accounted for 68% of the total variance. That structure was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha for the Brief Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale was .71. The scale provided adequate convergent validity, and positive correlations were observed between self-reported condom use and self-efficacy for use of other barrier methods., Discussion: This brief instrument could be a useful and appropriate measure to assess the types of condom use self-efficacy that occur at the different moments of a sexual relationship.- Published
- 2019
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37. The Role of Dispositional and Social Factors in Argentinian and Spanish Women's Sexuality.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Gil-Llario MD, Ballester-Arnal R, and Casteñeiras C
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- Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Sexuality, Spain, Stereotyping, Young Adult, Personality, Self Concept, Sexual Behavior psychology, Sexual Partners psychology, Social Values
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This study examines the role of sociocultural and dispositional factors in the sexual expressions of young Argentinian and Spanish women. Three hundred young women self-evaluated their sexual practices, sexual orientation, and relationships. Results reveal differences in women's sexuality based on societal and dispositional variables. The latter seem to play a more important role in those sexual behaviors that are normative in Hispanic traditions, whereas gender dissimilarity is more relevant when these behaviors are socially censured. Therefore, women's sexuality in Hispanic traditions, such as in Argentina and Spain, seems to be more complex than past studies reported.
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- 2019
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38. Why Do Young Hispanic Women Take Sexual Risks? Psychological and Cultural Factors for HIV Prevention.
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Giménez-García C, Ruiz-Palomino E, Gil-Llario MD, Ballester-Arnal R, and Castañeiras C
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- Adolescent, Adult, Argentina epidemiology, Attitude to Health, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Female, HIV Infections etiology, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Safe Sex psychology, Self Efficacy, Sexual Behavior psychology, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Infections psychology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ethnology, Sexual Behavior ethnology, Unsafe Sex psychology
- Abstract
Young Hispanic women have been particularly affected by HIV. For this reason, we analyzed the influence of cognitive factors, dispositional variables, and gender culture on the HIV risks of two groups of Hispanic women. Young Argentinian and Spanish women (N = 342) completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and the Spanish version of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in order to evaluate knowledge of HIV transmission, HIV, and condom use; self-efficacy; safe-sex intention and safe sex; as well as Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Compulsivity traits. Our findings support a different pattern of HIV risk based on gender inequality, although self-efficacy and sexual sensation seeking seem to have been the main important predictors of unsafe sex and HIV risk. Social and psychological factors should be considered to design HIV prevention strategies aimed at young Hispanic women., (Copyright © 2018 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. Effectiveness of a Brief Multi-Component Intervention to HIV Prevention Among Spanish Youth.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Gil-Llario MD, Ruiz-Palomino E, and Giménez-García C
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- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control, Adolescent, Adult, Female, HIV Infections ethnology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Perception, Program Evaluation, Spain, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections prevention & control, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
The greater rate of HIV infection occurs before age 30 in Spain. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term impact of a brief HIV preventive intervention on key sexual risk behavior components in Spanish young population. Participants were 467 young people aged 18-25 years who participated in B-PAPY intervention. They were evaluated at four times: a week, a month, three months and one year after intervention. A self-administered instrument was used. It was found a significant increase from pre-test to follow-ups in HIV knowledge, HIV susceptibility perception, confidence in condom and use of condoms. There were decreases statistically significant in the perceived severity of AIDS. The HIV intervention showed effectiveness over time in the main risk variables for HIV infection. Brief multi-component HIV interventions would be a useful resource to generalize HIV prevention.
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- 2017
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40. Structural Equation Modeling Test of an Integrated Model of Spanish Youth's Condom Use.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Female, HIV Infections psychology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Heterosexuality psychology, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Self Efficacy, Surveys and Questionnaires, White People, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections prevention & control, Heterosexuality ethnology, Models, Psychological, Safe Sex statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Heterosexual transmission represents 26 % of newly diagnosed infection in Spanish youth. Behavioral change models have emphasized the influence of multiple variables to predict condom use behavior. The aim of this study is to examine how those variables are organized and which theory explains the condom use behavior better. A sample of 424 young heterosexuals (M
age = 20.62; SD = 2.16) filled out a battery of self-report questionnaires for assessing AIDS-related variables, personality traits and clinical variables (general, sexuality-related and health-related). A structural model was specified that included perceived pleasure and condom use self-efficacy as predictive variables. Depression and sexual compulsivity indirectly influence behavior. The final model accounted for 65.9 % of the variance in behavior. These results highlight the importance of cognitive and emotional variables as predictors of behavior (ex. expectations of pleasure and self-efficacy beliefs). This is important information for designing effective psychological interventions.- Published
- 2017
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41. Personality as a mediating variable in condom use among Spanish youth.
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Ruiz-Palomino E, Ballester-Arnal R, and Gil-Llario MD
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Spain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Contraception Behavior psychology, Contraception Behavior statistics & numerical data, Personality, Sexual Behavior psychology, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Several studies have shown the influence of personality in risky sexual behaviors. This work has sought to establish which personality variables favor or hinder condom use in Spanish youth. A total of 408 young heterosexuals were assessed, divided into risk group (60.8%) and no-risk group (39.2%), according to systematic condom use. The results show statistically significant differences in Openness to Experience ( p = .039), Conscientiousness ( p = .047), Actions ( p = .001), Competence ( p = .024), and Self-discipline ( p = .046). The regression analysis revealed that Compliance explained about 14 percent of the variance in condom use. The tendency to behave in a cooperative, peace-making, and indulgent manner influences in HIV prevention.
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- 2017
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42. HIV Testing Among Spanish Youth: Analysis of the Mediating Role of the Big Five Personality and Other Psychological Factors.
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Ballester-Arnal R, Ruiz-Palomino E, and Gil-Llario MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections ethnology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Infections diagnosis, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Heterosexuality, Mass Screening psychology, Personality, White People statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Early diagnosis of HIV improves the effectiveness of treatments and stops the progression of the disease. The influence of personality and other psychological variables in testing for HIV is analyzed. The first part of the study is composed of 4,929 young people (M age = 20.45, SD = 2.16). For the second part, young heterosexuals who participated in a broader project on HIV prevention were selected (n = 240, M age = 20.78, SD = 2.29). Only 23.3 % of the total sample have ever been tested for HIV antibodies. The main reason for not testing was fear of positive result (25.4 %). Statistically significant differences in Agreeableness (p = .027), Trust (p = .022) and Straightforwardness (p = .024) were found between HIV-tested and not HIV-tested youth. Trust explained 3.3 % of variance of HIV-test. Knowing barriers to testing and individual differences could be useful in developing preventive campaigns.
- Published
- 2015
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