44 results on '"Ruiz-Moreno C"'
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2. A comparison of three load-velocity based methods to estimate maximum overhead press performance in weightlifters
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Soriano, MA, Jiménez-Ormeño, E, Haff, GG, Comfort, P, Giráldez-Costas, V, Ruiz-Moreno, C, and García-Ramos, A
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Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether lifting velocity can be used to estimate the overhead press one repetition maximum (1RM) and to explore the differences in the accuracy of the 1RM between three velocity-based methods. Twenty-seven weightlifters (16 men and 11 women) participated. The first session was used to test the overhead press 1RM. The second session consisted of an incremental loading test during the overhead press. The mean velocity was registered using a transducer attached to the barbell. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc corrections was applied to the absolute differences between the actual and predicted 1RMs. Raw differences with 95% limits of agreement and ordinary least-products regressions were used to test the concurrent validity of the 1RM prediction methods with respect to the actual 1RM. The ANOVA did not reveal significant differences for the absolute differences respect to the actual 1RM between the three 1RM prediction methods ( F = 3.2, p = .073). The absolute errors were moderate for the Multiple-Point (6.1 ± 3.7%), Two-Point45−75 (8.6 ± 6.2%), and Two-Point45−90 methods (5.7 ± 4.0%). The validity analysis showed that all the 1RM prediction methods underestimated the actual 1RM (1.0–2.2 kg), but ordinary least-products regressions failed to show fixed or proportional bias. These results suggest that the Multiple-Point and Two-Point45−90 velocity-based methods might be viable tools to predict the overhead press 1RM in weightlifters, but practitioners are encouraged to use the direct 1RM for a more accurate prescription of the training loads. more...
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- 2022
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3. Trained innate immunity, long-lasting epigenetic modulation, and skewed myelopoiesis by heme
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Jentho, E, Ruiz-Moreno, C, Novakovic, B, Kourtzelis, I, Megchelenbrink, WL, Martins, R, Chavakis, T, Soares, MP, Kalafati, L, Guerra, J, Roestel, F, Bohm, P, Godmann, M, Grinenko, T, Eugster, A, Beretta, M, Joosten, LAB, Netea, MG, Bauer, M, Stunnenberg, HG, Weis, S, Jentho, E, Ruiz-Moreno, C, Novakovic, B, Kourtzelis, I, Megchelenbrink, WL, Martins, R, Chavakis, T, Soares, MP, Kalafati, L, Guerra, J, Roestel, F, Bohm, P, Godmann, M, Grinenko, T, Eugster, A, Beretta, M, Joosten, LAB, Netea, MG, Bauer, M, Stunnenberg, HG, and Weis, S more...
- Abstract
Trained immunity defines long-lasting adaptations of innate immunity based on transcriptional and epigenetic modifications of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors [M. Divangahi et al., Nat. Immunol. 22, 2-6 (2021)]. Innate immune cells, however, do not exclusively differentiate between foreign and self but also react to host-derived molecules referred to as alarmins. Extracellular "labile" heme, released during infections, is a bona fide alarmin promoting myeloid cell activation [M. P. Soares, M. T. Bozza, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 38, 94-100 (2016)]. Here, we report that labile heme is a previously unrecognized inducer of trained immunity that confers long-term regulation of lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. In contrast to previous reports on trained immunity, essentially mediated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, heme training depends on spleen tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway acting upstream of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Heme training promotes resistance to sepsis, is associated with the expansion of self-renewing hematopoetic stem cells primed toward myelopoiesis and to the occurrence of a specific myeloid cell population. This is potentially evoked by sustained activity of Nfix, Runx1, and Nfe2l2 and dissociation of the transcriptional repressor Bach2. Previously reported trained immunity inducers are, however, infrequently present in the host, whereas heme abundantly occurs during noninfectious and infectious disease. This difference might explain the vanishing protection exerted by heme training in sepsis over time with sustained long-term myeloid adaptations. Hence, we propose that trained immunity is an integral component of innate immunity with distinct functional differences on infectious disease outcome depending on its induction by pathogenic or endogenous molecules. more...
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- 2021
4. Soft-hard TQM factors and key business results
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Calvo-Mora Schmidt, A., Araceli Picón-Berjoyo, Ruiz Moreno, C., Cauzo Bottala, L., and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados (Marketing) more...
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TQM ,EFQM ,Key results ,Performance ,Hard factors ,Soft factors - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate, firstly, the existence of soft and hard TQM factors in the EFQM excellence model and, secondly, their impact on key business results .The EFQM model has been used as a framework model as it is the TQM implementation referent that is most widespread and accepted in the specialized literature. The methodology used is factorial analysis to determine the existence of the soft and hard TQM factors in the EFQM model and regression analysis to establish the impact of the factors identified on the business’ key results. A sample of 116 firms have been subjected to complete assessment processes (self-assessment and external assessment) according to the EFQM model. The article suggests that (1) the factorial analysis groups together the EFQM's five facilitating agents' criteria in three factors: soft factors, the strategic management of partnership and resources and processes management; (2) the regression techniques point out the influence of the hard factors (the strategic management of partnership and resources, and processes management) on the key business results and it is noted that the influence of the soft factors on the results is produced through the mediation of the hard factors of TQM. more...
5. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in oldest-old patients: a propensity score matched analysis of a nationwide registry
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Marcello Di Martino, Álvaro Gancedo Quintana, Víctor Vaello Jodra, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito Dehesa, Dieter Morales García, Rubén Caiña Ruiz, Francisca García-Moreno Nisa, Fernando Mendoza-Moreno, Sara Alonso Batanero, José Edecio Quiñones Sampedro, Paola Lora Cumplido, Altea Arango Bravo, Ines Rubio-Perez, Luis Asensio-Gomez, Fernando Pardo Aranda, Sara Sentí Farrarons, Cristina Ruiz Moreno, Clara Maria Martinez Moreno, Aingeru Sarriugarte Lasarte, Mikel Prieto Calvo, Daniel Aparicio-Sánchez, Eduardo Perea Perea del Pozo, Gianluca Pellino, Elena Martin-Perez, Di Martino, M., Gancedo Quintana, A., Vaello Jodra, V., Sanjuanbenito Dehesa, A., Morales Garcia, D., Caina Ruiz, R., Garcia-Moreno Nisa, F., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Alonso Batanero, S., Quinones Sampedro, J. E., Lora Cumplido, P., Arango Bravo, A., Rubio-Perez, I., Asensio-Gomez, L., Pardo Aranda, F., Senti Farrarons, S., Ruiz Moreno, C., Martinez Moreno, C. M., Sarriugarte Lasarte, A., Prieto Calvo, M., Aparicio-Sanchez, D., Perea del Pozo, E. P., Pellino, G., and Martin-Perez, E. more...
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Aged, 80 and over ,Cholecystitis, Acute ,Acute calcolous cholecystiti ,Length of Stay ,Postoperative Complications ,Treatment Outcome ,Elderly ,Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ,Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,Cholecystitis ,Humans ,Cholecystiti ,Surgery ,Cholecystectomy ,Registries ,Propensity Score ,Acute calcolous cholecystitis ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The role of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) in “oldest-old” patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is still controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of ELC for ACC in ≥ 85-year-old patients. Multicentric retrospective study that analysed data of patients who underwent ELC for ACC between 2013 and 2018. Patients ≥ 85-year-old (oldest-old patients) were compared with younger patients, before and after propensity score matching (PSM). The main outcomes were mortality, post-operative complications, length of stay (LOS), and readmissions. The study included 1670 patients. The unmatched comparison revealed a selection bias towards the oldest-old group, which was associated with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 vs 1, p < 0.001), more ASA III/IV subjects (54.2% vs 19.3%, p < 0.001), class II/III ACC (80.1% vs 69.1%, p = 0.016) and higher Chole-Risk Score (p > 0.001). The oldest-old also required more conversion to open surgery (20% vs 10.3%, p = 0.005). Postoperatively, they had a higher 90-day mortality rate (7.6% vs 1%, p < 0.001), more total complications (40.6% vs 17.7%, p < 0.001), complications ≥ IIIa Clavien–Dindo (14.4% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002), longer LOS (6 vs 5days, p < 0.001), and more readmissions (6.6% vs 2.6%, p < 0.001). After PSM (n = 206), the two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics and intraoperative outcomes. No differences were observed in post-operative complications; bile leak; incisional, intrabdominal, urinary or respiratory tract infections; LOS or readmissions. In the oldest-old, ELC for ACC is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, it seems to be safe in selected patients. Therefore, age itself should not be regarded as a contraindication to ELC for ACC. more...
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- 2022
6. Trained innate immunity, long-lasting epigenetic modulation, and skewed myelopoiesis by heme
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Cristian Ruiz-Moreno, Anne Eugster, Martina Beretta, Franziska Roestel, Elisa Jentho, Michael Bauer, Tatyana Grinenko, Hendrik G. Stunnenberg, Mihai G. Netea, Lydia Kalafati, Boris Novakovic, Ioannis Kourtzelis, Wout Megchelenbrink, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Peter Bohm, Rui Martins, Sebastian Weis, Leo A. B. Joosten, Maren Godmann, Joel Guerra, Miguel P. Soares, Jentho, E, Ruiz-Moreno, C, Novakovic, B, Kourtzelis, I, Megchelenbrink, Wl, Martins, R, Chavakis, T, Soares, Mp, Kalafati, L, Guerra, J, Roestel, F, Bohm, P, Godmann, M, Grinenko, T, Eugster, A, Beretta, M, Joosten, Lab, Netea, Mg, Bauer, M, Stunnenberg, Hg, and Weis, S more...
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Myeloid ,Population ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Biology ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,myelopoiesi ,sepsis ,Mice ,single-nuclei analysi ,Immunology and Inflammation ,trained innate immunity ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Immunity ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Progenitor cell ,heme ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Myelopoiesis ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Innate immune system ,single-nuclei analysis ,Biological Sciences ,Immunity, Innate ,Cell biology ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Stem cell - Abstract
Significance During infection, extracellular “labile” heme, released from damaged red blood or parenchymal cells, acts as prototypical alarmin stimulating myeloid cells. A characteristic hallmark of myeloid cell activation is the development of trained immunity, specified as long-lasting adaptations based on transcriptional and epigenetic modifications. In vivo, this is maintained by the rerouting of hematopoiesis. We found that heme is a previously unrecognized trained immunity inducer promoting resistance to bacterial infection in mice. This goes along with extensive long-lasting epigenetic memory in hematopoietic stem cells provoking drastic changes in the transcription factor–binding landscape of myeloid progenitor cells. Given the critical role of heme during infections, we propose that trained immunity is a more general component of innate immunity than previously suggested., Trained immunity defines long-lasting adaptations of innate immunity based on transcriptional and epigenetic modifications of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors [M. Divangahi et al., Nat. Immunol. 22, 2–6 (2021)]. Innate immune cells, however, do not exclusively differentiate between foreign and self but also react to host-derived molecules referred to as alarmins. Extracellular “labile” heme, released during infections, is a bona fide alarmin promoting myeloid cell activation [M. P. Soares, M. T. Bozza, Curr. Opin. Immunol. 38, 94–100 (2016)]. Here, we report that labile heme is a previously unrecognized inducer of trained immunity that confers long-term regulation of lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. In contrast to previous reports on trained immunity, essentially mediated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, heme training depends on spleen tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway acting upstream of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Heme training promotes resistance to sepsis, is associated with the expansion of self-renewing hematopoetic stem cells primed toward myelopoiesis and to the occurrence of a specific myeloid cell population. This is potentially evoked by sustained activity of Nfix, Runx1, and Nfe2l2 and dissociation of the transcriptional repressor Bach2. Previously reported trained immunity inducers are, however, infrequently present in the host, whereas heme abundantly occurs during noninfectious and infectious disease. This difference might explain the vanishing protection exerted by heme training in sepsis over time with sustained long-term myeloid adaptations. Hence, we propose that trained immunity is an integral component of innate immunity with distinct functional differences on infectious disease outcome depending on its induction by pathogenic or endogenous molecules. more...
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Caffeine supplementation during official basketball games: a randomized crossover study on the effects on game-related statistics and perceptual responses of adult male players.
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Gasperi L, Sansone P, Gomez-Ruano MA, Ruiz-Moreno C, and Del Coso J
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- Humans, Male, Double-Blind Method, Young Adult, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants administration & dosage, Physical Endurance drug effects, Physical Endurance physiology, Physical Exertion physiology, Perception, Dietary Supplements, Basketball physiology, Cross-Over Studies, Caffeine administration & dosage, Athletic Performance physiology
- Abstract
Background: This study examined the effects of caffeine (CAF) supplementation on game-related statistics and perceptual responses of male basketball players during official games., Methods: Eight players (23.5±5.7 years) participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study. Sixty minutes before the start of each game, players ingested a dose of either CAF (3 mg/kg body mass) or placebo (PLA) in a randomized order. Game-related statistics were collected. After the games, players reported ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and their perceptions of endurance and power. Separate linear mixed models evaluated the effects of treatment (CAF, PLA), game location (home, away), and opponent level (better, worse) on game-related statistics and perceptual responses., Results: Players committed fewer fouls when taking CAF compared to PLA (P<0.001, ES=0.75, moderate). No effects of CAF were found for the other game-related statistics (all P>0.05). RPE was higher in CAF compared to PLA (P=0.031, ES: 0.49, small). There were no differences in perceptions of endurance (P=0.388) or power (P=0.988). No effects of game location or opponent level were found for game-related statistics or perceptual responses (all P>0.05)., Conclusions: This study suggests that caffeine supplementation can improve defensive performance in semiprofessional basketball players while also possibly increasing physical performances, seen the higher RPE. more...
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- 2024
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8. The 8:1:1 Supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in High-Intensity Training: A Case Study of the Protective Effect on Rhabdomyolysis.
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Vicario-Merino A, Soriano MA, Jiménez-Ormeño E, Ruiz-Moreno C, Gallo-Salazar C, and Areces-Corcuera F
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Introduction: The increasing prevalence of high-intensity sports activities, notably the burgeoning popularity of CrossFit, underscores the contemporary significance of such physical pursuits. The discernible protective impact of branched-chain amino acids on muscle fatigue and injuries is emerging as a noteworthy area of investigation. Within the realm of sports, integrating BCAA supplementation into dietary practices holds promise for aiding athletes in their recovery, particularly in mitigating Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness., Methodology: This study adopted an experimental pilot design with repeated measures, employing a controlled and randomized approach through double-blind procedures. The participant engaged in high-intensity activity, specifically the CrossFit Karen
® test, which entailed executing 150 wall ball throws (9 kg) to a height of 3 m. The trial incorporated three randomized supplementation conditions: BCAAs in an 8:1:1 ratio or a 2:1:1 ratio or a placebo condition. The participant consumed 15 g daily for 7 days, commencing 72 h prior to the initial blood sample and the first Karen® test., Results: In this study, BCAA supplementation at an 8:1:1 ratio demonstrated a discernible protective effect against muscular damage, as evidenced by creatine kinase values and ratings of perceived exertion., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. more...- Published
- 2024
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9. Influence of the time of day in the effect of caffeine on maximal fat oxidation during exercise in women: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.
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Muñoz A, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Varillas-Delgado D, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J, and López-Samanes Á
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- Humans, Female, Double-Blind Method, Oxidation-Reduction, Exercise, Exercise Test, Oxygen Consumption, Calorimetry, Indirect, Caffeine pharmacology, Adipose Tissue metabolism
- Abstract
Purpose: Caffeine is a stimulant with well-recognized performance and metabolic benefits, however, there is a lack of studies investigating the time-of-day influence in the properties of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation in women. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the time of the day on the effect of caffeine on the maximal rate of fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in trained women., Methods: Fourteen female athletes (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study. All participants undertook four different experimental trials combining the ingestion of 3 mg/kg caffeine and a placebo either in the morning (8.00-10.00 h) and in the evening (17.00-19.00 h) realizing an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3 min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO
2max ). Substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. In each trial, the maximum rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicited MFO (Fatmax) were measured., Results: In comparison to placebo, MFO was significantly higher with caffeine both in the morning (0.24 ± 0.13 vs 0.30 ± 0.14 g/min; p < 0.001; ES = 0.79) and in the evening (0.21 ± 0.08 vs 0.28 ± 0.10 g/min; p = 0.002; ES = 0.72). No time-of-day effect on the capacity of caffeine to increase MFO was found (all p = 0.336) CONCLUSION: The intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine increased the use of fat as a fuel during exercise independently of the time-of-day in trained women., Trial Registration: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT05880186 by 15 May 2023., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...- Published
- 2024
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10. Effect of 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise in healthy active females.
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Varillas-Delgado D, Aguilar-Navarro M, Muñoz A, López-Samanés Á, Ruiz-Moreno C, Posada-Ayala M, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Del Coso J, and Gutiérrez-Hellín J
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass (mg/kg) on whole-body substrate oxidation during an incremental cycling exercise test in healthy active women. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled counterbalanced experimental design, 14 subjects performed three identical exercise trials after the ingestion of 3 or 6 mg/kg of caffeine or placebo. The exercise trials consisted of an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO
2 max). Substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. During exercise, there was a significant effect of substance (F = 5.221; p = 0.016) on fat oxidation rate. In comparison to the placebo, 3 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rates at 30 to 60% of VO2 max (all p < 0.050) and 6 mg/kg at 30 to 50% of VO2 max (all p < 0.050). There was also a significant effect of substance (F = 5.221; p = 0.016) on carbohydrate oxidation rate (F = 9.632; p < 0.001). In comparison to placebo, both caffeine doses decreased carbohydrate oxidation rates at 40 to 60% VO2 max (all p < 0.050). The maximal rate of fat oxidation with placebo was 0.24 ± 0.03 g/min, which increased with 3 mg/kg to 0.29 ± 0.04 g/min (p = 0.032) and to 0.29 ± 0.03 with 6 mg/kg of caffeine (p = 0.042). Acute intake of caffeine improves the utilization of fat as a fuel during submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy active women with an effect of similar magnitude after the intake of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass. Thus, the use of 3 mg/kg of caffeine would be more recommended than 6 mg/kg for women seeking increased fat utilization during submaximal exercise., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © Biology of Sport 2023.) more...- Published
- 2023
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11. No diurnal variation is present in maximal fat oxidation during exercise in young healthy women: A cross-over study.
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Robles-González L, Aguilar-Navarro M, López-Samanes Á, Ruiz-Moreno C, Muñoz A, Varillas-Delgado D, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Helge JW, Ruiz JR, and Amaro-Gahete FJ
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- Male, Humans, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Calorimetry, Indirect, Oxygen metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Exercise Test, Oxygen Consumption, Adipose Tissue metabolism
- Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fat
max ) seems to show a diurnal variation in men, which favours an increased performance in the afternoon than the morning. At present, it remains unknown whether the observed MFO and Fatmax diurnal variation in men is also present in women. Therefore, the current study examined the diurnal variations of MFO and Fatmax in women. Nineteen healthy women (age: 26.9 ± 8.7 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 39.8 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. MFO and Fatmax were determined by a graded exercise test in cycloergometer using a cross-over design performed on two separate daytime schedules, one conducted in the morning (8am-11am) and one in the afternoon (5pm-8pm). Stoichiometric equations were used to calculate fat oxidation rates. There were no significant differences between MFO-morning and MFO-afternoon (0.24 ± 0.10 vs. 0.23 ± 0.07 g/min, respectively; P = 0.681). Similarly, there was no significant differences between Fatmax -morning and Fatmax -afternoon (41.1 ± 4.7 vs. 42.6 ± 5.5% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively; P = 0.305). These results persisted after controlling for fat mass percentage (all P > 0.5). In summary, the main finding of the present study was that MFO and Fatmax were similar independent of the time-of-day when the exercise test is performed in healthy women. These results have important clinical implications since they suggest that, in contrast to what was found in men, MFO and Fatmax show similar rates during the course of the day in women. Highlights MFO and Fatmax were similar during the afternoon and morning in young healthy women.Our results suggest that, in women, it does not matter when endurance exercise is performed in term of fat metabolism during exercise. more...- Published
- 2023
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12. Effect of caffeine intake on fat oxidation rate during exercise: is there a dose-response effect?
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Muñoz A, Varillas-Delgado D, Amaro-Gahete FJ, and Del Coso J
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- Male, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Double-Blind Method, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Caffeine pharmacology, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The effect of caffeine to enhance fat utilisation as fuel for submaximal aerobic exercise is well established. However, it is unknown whether this effect is dose dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass (mg/kg) on whole-body substrate oxidation during an incremental cycling exercise test., Methods: In a double-blind, randomised, and counterbalanced experiment, 18 recreationally active males (maximal oxygen uptake [VO
2max ] = 56.7 ± 8.2 mL/kg/min) performed three experimental trials after ingesting either 3 mg/kg of caffeine, 6 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo (cellulose). The trials consisted of an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 80% of VO2max . Energy expenditure, fat oxidation rate, and carbohydrate oxidation rate were continuously measured by indirect calorimetry., Results: During exercise, there was significant effect of substance (F = 7.969; P = 0.004) on fat oxidation rate. In comparison to the placebo, the rate of fat oxidation was higher with 3 mg/kg of caffeine at 30, 40, 50 and 70% of VO2max [all P < 0.050, effect sizes (ES) from 0.38 to 0.50] and with 6 mg/kg of caffeine at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% of VO2max (all P < 0.050, ES from 0.28 to 0.76). Both 3 mg/kg (0.40 ± 0.21 g/min, P = 0.021, ES = 0.57) and 6 mg/kg of caffeine (0.40 ± 0.17 g/min P = 0.001, ES = 0.60) increased the maximal rate of fat oxidation during exercise over the placebo (0.31 ± 0.15 g/min). None of the caffeine doses produced any significant effect on energy expenditure or heart rate during exercise, while both caffeine doses reduced perceived fatigue at 80% of VO2max (all P < 0.050, ES from 0.71 to 1.48)., Conclusion: The effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise is of similar magnitude with 3 and 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass. Thus, a dose of 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass would be sufficient to enhance fat utilisation as fuel during submaximal exercise., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.) more...- Published
- 2023
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13. Does the Time of Day Play a Role in the Acute Effect of p -Synephrine on Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Women? A Randomized, Crossover and Double-Blind Study.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Varillas-Delgado D, Ruiz-Moreno C, López-Samanés Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ, and Muñoz A
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- Male, Humans, Female, Double-Blind Method, Calorimetry, Indirect, Oxidation-Reduction, Exercise Test, Oxygen Consumption, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Synephrine, Exercise
- Abstract
p -Synephrine is deemed a safe and effective substance to increase fat utilization during exercise of low-to-moderate intensity in men but not in women. Additionally, the existence of a diurnal variation in substrate utilization has been documented during exercise with enhanced fat oxidation in the evening compared with early morning. However, it remains unknown whether there is an interaction between the effect of p -synephrine and the time of the day on fat oxidation during exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the acute ingestion of 3 milligram of p -synephrine per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg) on fat oxidation during exercise of increasing intensity when the exercise is performed in the morning vs. the evening. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design, 16 healthy and active women performed four identical exercise trials after the ingestion of 3 mg/kg of p -synephrine and 3 mg/kg of a placebo (cellulose) both in the morning (8-10 am) and in the evening (5-7 pm). In the exercise trials, the substances were ingested 60 min before an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3 min stages at workloads from 30 to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO
2 max). Substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. In each trial, the maximum rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicited MFO (Fatmax) were measured. A two-way analysis of variance (time-of-the day × substance) was used to detect differences among the trials. With the placebo, MFO was 0.25 ± 0.11 g/min in the morning and 0.24 ± 0.07 g/min in the evening. With p -synephrine, MFO was 0.26 ± 0.09 g/min in the morning and 0.21 ± 0.07 g/min in the evening. There was no main effect of substance ( p = 0.349), time of day ( p = 0.186) and the substance × time of day ( p = 0.365) on MFO. Additionally, Fatmax was reached at a similar exercise intensity with the placebo (41.33 ± 8.34% VO2 max in the morning and 44.38 ± 7.37% VO2 max in the evening) and with p -synephrine (43.33 ± 7.24% VO2 max in the morning and 45.00 ± 7.43% VO2 max in the evening), irrespective of the time of day with no main effect of substance ( p = 0.633), time of day ( p = 0.191), or interaction ( p = 0.580). In summary, the acute intake of 3 mg/kg of p -synephrine before exercise did not increase MFO and Fatmax, independently of the time of day, in female athletes. This indicates that the time of day is not a factor explaining the lack of effectiveness of this substance to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in women. more...- Published
- 2022
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14. Effect of p -Synephrine on Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise of Increasing Intensity in Healthy Active Women.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Muñoz A, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Posada-Ayala M, López-Samanes Á, Del Coso J, and Varillas-Delgado D
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dietary Supplements, Energy Metabolism, Exercise physiology, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Double-Blind Method, Citrus chemistry, Synephrine pharmacology
- Abstract
p -Synephrine is the principal alkaloid of bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ). Several recent investigations have found that the intake of 2-3 mg/kg of p -synephrine raises fat oxidation rate during exercise of low-to-moderate intensity. However, these investigations have been carried out only with samples of male participants or mixed men/women samples. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to study the effect of p -synephrine intake on fat oxidation during exercise of increasing intensity in healthy women. Using a double-blind, randomized experiment, 18 healthy recreationally active women performed two identical exercise trials after the ingestion of (a) 3 mg/kg of p -synephrine and (b) 3 mg/kg of a placebo (cellulose). The exercise trials consisted of a ramp test (from 30 to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake; VO
2 max) on a cycle ergometer while substrate oxidation rates were measured at each workload by indirect calorimetry. In comparison to the placebo, the intake of p -synephrine increased resting tympanic temperature (36.1 ± 0.5 vs. 36.4 ± 0.4 °C p = 0.033, d = 0.87) with no effect on resting heart rate ( p = 0.111) and systolic ( p = 0.994) and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.751). During exercise, there was no significant effect of p -synephrine on fat oxidation rate (F = 0.517; p = 0.484), carbohydrate oxidation rate (F = 0.730; p = 0.795), energy expenditure rate (F = 0.480; p = 0.833), heart rate (F = 4.269; p = 0.068) and participant's perceived exertion (F = 0.337; p = 0.580). The maximal rate of fat oxidation with placebo was 0.26 ± 0.10 g/min and it was similar with p -synephrine (0.28 ± 0.08 g/min, p = 0.449, d = 0.21). An acute intake of 3 mg/kg of p -synephrine before exercise did not modify energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy active women. It is likely that the increase in resting tympanic temperature induced by p -synephrine hindered the effect of this substance on fat utilization during exercise in healthy active women. more...- Published
- 2022
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15. Effect of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during short-term all-out exercise: a double-blind randomized crossover study.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Lara B, and Del Coso J
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- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Lactates pharmacology, Muscle, Skeletal, Oxygen Saturation, Caffeine pharmacology, Performance-Enhancing Substances pharmacology
- Abstract
Purpose: The ergogenic effect of oral caffeine administration on short-term all-out exercise performance is well established. However, the potential mechanisms associated with caffeine's ergogenicity in this type of exercise are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine intake modifies muscle oxygen saturation during the 15-s Wingate Anaerobic Test., Methods: Fifteen moderately trained individuals (body mass = 67.4 ± 12.3 kg; height 171.3 ± 6.9 cm; age 31 ± 6 years) took part in two identical experimental trials after the ingestion of (a) 3 mg/kg of caffeine or (b) 3 mg/kg of cellulose (placebo). After 60 min for substances absorption, participants performed a 15-s Wingate test on a cycle ergometer against a load representing 7.5% of participant's body mass. Muscle oxygen saturation was continuously measured during exercise with near-infrared spectroscopy and blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min after exercise., Results: In comparison to the placebo, the oral administration of caffeine increased peak power by 2.9 ± 4.5% (from 9.65 ± 1.38 to. 9.92 ± 1.40 W/kg, P = 0.038; effect size (ES), 95% confidence intervals = 0.28, 0.05-0.51), mean power by 3.5 ± 6.2% (from 8.30 ± 1.08 to 8.57 ± 1.12 W/kg, P = 0.044; ES = 0.36, 0.01-0.71) and blood lactate concentration by 20.9 ± 24.7% (from 12.4 ± 2.6 to 14.8 ± 4.0 mmol/L, P = 0.005; ES = 0.59, 0.16-1.02). However, caffeine did not modify the curve of muscle oxygen desaturation during exercise (lowest value was 23.1 ± 14.1 and 23.4 ± 14.1%, P = 0.940)., Conclusion: Caffeine's ergogenic effect during short-term all-out exercise seems to be associated with an increased glycolytic metabolism with no influence of enhanced muscle oxygen saturation., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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16. Caffeine increases exercise intensity and energy expenditure but does not modify substrate oxidation during 1 h of self-paced cycling.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Amaro-Gahete FJ, González-García J, Giráldez-Costas V, Mañas A, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, and Del Coso J
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- Calorimetry, Indirect, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Carbohydrates, Double-Blind Method, Exercise physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Caffeine pharmacology, Energy Metabolism
- Abstract
Aim: Oral caffeine intake has been deemed as an effective supplementation strategy to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise with a steady-state intensity. However, in real exercise scenarios, individuals habitually train with autoregulation of exercise intensity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of oral caffeine intake during self-paced cycling on autoregulated exercise intensity and substrate oxidation., Methods: Fifteen young and healthy participants (11 men and 4 women) participated in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over investigation. Each participant took part in 2 experimental days consisting of pedaling for 1 h with a self-selected wattage. Participants were told that they had to exercise at a moderate intensity to maximize fat oxidation. On one occasion participants ingested 3 mg/kg of caffeine and on the other occasion ingested a placebo. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation rate, and carbohydrate oxidation rate were continuously measured during exercise by indirect calorimetry., Results: In comparison to the placebo, caffeine intake increased the self-selected wattage (on average, 105 ± 44 vs 117 ± 45 W, respectively, P < 0.001) which represented a higher total work during the cycling session (377 ± 157 vs 422 ± 160 kJ, P < 0.001). Caffeine increased total energy expenditure (543 ± 161 vs 587 ± 155 kcal, P = 0.042) but it did not affect total fat oxidation (24.7 ± 12.2 vs 22.9 ± 11.5 g, P = 0.509) or total carbohydrate oxidation (87.4 ± 22.4 vs 97.8 ± 32.3 g, P = 0.101)., Conclusion: Acute caffeine ingestion before an exercise session with an individual's freedom to regulate intensity induces a higher self-selected exercise intensity and total work. The selection of a higher exercise intensity augments total energy expenditure but eliminates the effect of caffeine on substrate oxidation during exercise., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.) more...
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- 2022
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17. Extensive patient-to-patient single nucleus transcriptome heterogeneity in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
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Brazda P, Ruiz-Moreno C, Megchelenbrink WL, Timmers HJLM, and Stunnenberg HG
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Pheochromocytomas (PC) and paragangliomas (PG) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with varied genetic makeup and are associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and a variable risk of malignancy. The source of the transcriptional heterogeneity of the disease and the underlying biological processes that determine the outcome of PCPG remain largely unclear. We focused on PCPG tumors with germline SDHB and RET mutations, which represent distinct prognostic groups with worse or better prognoses, respectively. We applied single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to tissue samples from 11 patients and found high patient-to-patient transcriptome heterogeneity in neuroendocrine tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment also showed heterogeneous profiles, mainly contributed by macrophages of the immune cell clusters and Schwann cells of the stroma. By performing non-negative matrix factorization, we identified common transcriptional programs active in RET and SDHB, as well as distinct modules, including neuronal development, hormone synthesis and secretion, and DNA replication. Similarities between the transcriptomes of the tumor cells and those of the chromaffin- and precursor cell types suggests different developmental stages at which PC and PG tumors appear to be arrested., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Brazda, Ruiz-Moreno, Megchelenbrink, Timmers and Stunnenberg.) more...
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- 2022
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18. Oncolytic DNX-2401 Virus for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.
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Gállego Pérez-Larraya J, Garcia-Moure M, Labiano S, Patiño-García A, Dobbs J, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Zalacain M, Marrodan L, Martinez-Velez N, Puigdelloses M, Laspidea V, Astigarraga I, Lopez-Ibor B, Cruz O, Oscoz Lizarbe M, Hervas-Stubbs S, Alkorta-Aranburu G, Tamayo I, Tavira B, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Jones C, Dharmadhikari G, Ruiz-Moreno C, Stunnenberg H, Hulleman E, van der Lugt J, Idoate MÁ, Diez-Valle R, Esparragosa Vázquez I, Villalba M, de Andrea C, Núñez-Córdoba JM, Ewald B, Robbins J, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Lang FF, Tejada S, and Alonso MM more...
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Astrocytoma radiotherapy, Astrocytoma therapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Glioma radiotherapy, Glioma therapy, Humans, Infusions, Intralesional, Quality of Life, Tumor Microenvironment, Brain Stem Neoplasms mortality, Brain Stem Neoplasms pathology, Brain Stem Neoplasms radiotherapy, Brain Stem Neoplasms therapy, Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma mortality, Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma radiotherapy, Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma therapy, Oncolytic Virotherapy adverse effects, Oncolytic Virotherapy methods, Oncolytic Viruses
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Background: Pediatric patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than 1 year. Oncolytic viral therapy has been evaluated in patients with pediatric gliomas elsewhere in the brain, but data regarding oncolytic viral therapy in patients with DIPG are lacking., Methods: We conducted a single-center, dose-escalation study of DNX-2401, an oncolytic adenovirus that selectively replicates in tumor cells, in patients with newly diagnosed DIPG. The patients received a single virus infusion through a catheter placed in the cerebellar peduncle, followed by radiotherapy. The primary objective was to assess the safety and adverse-event profile of DNX-2401. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of DNX-2401 on overall survival and quality of life, to determine the percentage of patients who have an objective response, and to collect tumor-biopsy and peripheral-blood samples for correlative studies of the molecular features of DIPG and antitumor immune responses., Results: A total of 12 patients, 3 to 18 years of age, with newly diagnosed DIPG received 1×10
10 (the first 4 patients) or 5×1010 (the subsequent 8 patients) viral particles of DNX-2401, and 11 received subsequent radiotherapy. Adverse events among the patients included headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Hemiparesis and tetraparesis developed in 1 patient each. Over a median follow-up of 17.8 months (range, 5.9 to 33.5), a reduction in tumor size, as assessed on magnetic resonance imaging, was reported in 9 patients, a partial response in 3 patients, and stable disease in 8 patients. The median survival was 17.8 months. Two patients were alive at the time of preparation of the current report, 1 of whom was free of tumor progression at 38 months. Examination of a tumor sample obtained during autopsy from 1 patient and peripheral-blood studies revealed alteration of the tumor microenvironment and T-cell repertoire., Conclusions: Intratumoral infusion of oncolytic virus DNX-2401 followed by radiotherapy in pediatric patients with DIPG resulted in changes in T-cell activity and a reduction in or stabilization of tumor size in some patients but was associated with adverse events. (Funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program and others; EudraCT number, 2016-001577-33; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03178032.)., (Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society.) more...- Published
- 2022
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19. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in oldest-old patients: a propensity score matched analysis of a nationwide registry.
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Di Martino M, Gancedo Quintana Á, Vaello Jodra V, Sanjuanbenito Dehesa A, Morales García D, Caiña Ruiz R, García-Moreno Nisa F, Mendoza-Moreno F, Alonso Batanero S, Quiñones Sampedro JE, Lora Cumplido P, Arango Bravo A, Rubio-Perez I, Asensio-Gomez L, Pardo Aranda F, Sentí Farrarons S, Ruiz Moreno C, Martinez Moreno CM, Sarriugarte Lasarte A, Prieto Calvo M, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Perea Del Pozo EP, Pellino G, and Martin-Perez E more...
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- Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Length of Stay, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications surgery, Propensity Score, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic adverse effects, Cholecystitis, Acute surgery
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The role of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) in "oldest-old" patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is still controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of ELC for ACC in ≥ 85-year-old patients. Multicentric retrospective study that analysed data of patients who underwent ELC for ACC between 2013 and 2018. Patients ≥ 85-year-old (oldest-old patients) were compared with younger patients, before and after propensity score matching (PSM). The main outcomes were mortality, post-operative complications, length of stay (LOS), and readmissions. The study included 1670 patients. The unmatched comparison revealed a selection bias towards the oldest-old group, which was associated with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 vs 1, p < 0.001), more ASA III/IV subjects (54.2% vs 19.3%, p < 0.001), class II/III ACC (80.1% vs 69.1%, p = 0.016) and higher Chole-Risk Score (p > 0.001). The oldest-old also required more conversion to open surgery (20% vs 10.3%, p = 0.005). Postoperatively, they had a higher 90-day mortality rate (7.6% vs 1%, p < 0.001), more total complications (40.6% vs 17.7%, p < 0.001), complications ≥ IIIa Clavien-Dindo (14.4% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002), longer LOS (6 vs 5 days, p < 0.001), and more readmissions (6.6% vs 2.6%, p < 0.001). After PSM (n = 206), the two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics and intraoperative outcomes. No differences were observed in post-operative complications; bile leak; incisional, intrabdominal, urinary or respiratory tract infections; LOS or readmissions. In the oldest-old, ELC for ACC is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, it seems to be safe in selected patients. Therefore, age itself should not be regarded as a contraindication to ELC for ACC., (© 2022. Italian Society of Surgery (SIC).) more...
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- 2022
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20. Association between Physical Activity Guidelines and Sedentary Time with Workers' Health-Related Quality of Life in a Spanish Multinational Company.
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Gómez-Redondo P, Marín V, Leal-Martín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, Giráldez-Costas V, Urdiola P, Ara I, and Mañas A
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise, Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Quality of Life, Sedentary Behavior
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Workers spend a large amount of time working, limiting the possibility of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines. A better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides benefits for the employee and company. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations of four behavioural categories between compliance with PA guidelines (aerobic and strength training) and sedentary time with workers’ HRQoL. We classified the sample into four categories: (1) “Physically active & low sedentary”, (2) “Physically active & high sedentary”, (3) “Physically inactive & low sedentary”, and (4) “Physically inactive & high sedentary”. Student’s t-tests for two independent samples and a multiple linear regression adjusted for covariates were performed. A total of 1004 employees of the multinational company Grupo Red Eléctrica participated. Compliance with PA guidelines and a low level of sedentarism were associated with higher HRQoL (p < 0.001). Compared to “physically inactive & high sedentary”, “physically active & low sedentary” and “physically active & high sedentary” workers obtained a better HRQoL (B = 5.47; p = 0.006 and B = 4.10; p = 0.003; respectively). In this sample of Spanish workers, being physically active was associated with a better HRQoL, even in those with high sedentary time. Experimental studies are needed to confirm our results. more...
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- 2022
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21. Stimulus Expectancy and Stimulus Response of Caffeine on 4-km Running Performance: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled and Crossover Study.
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Rohloff G, Souza DB, Ruiz-Moreno C, Del Coso J, and Polito MD
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The placebo effect of caffeine has been poorly investigated in endurance exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the placebo effect of caffeine on 4 km running performance in amateur runners. Twenty-two healthy and recreational male runners (25.5 ± 8.4 yrs; 75.0 ± 7.1 kg; 173.7 ± 6.3 cm) underwent a deceptive experimental design consisting of three different sessions: a) control (CON) in which participants did not ingest any substance; b) placebo (PLA) in which participants ingested a capsule filled with maltodextrin but they were informed that they would receive caffeine; c) caffeine (CAF) in which participants were informed that they would receive caffeine and actually received caffeine. After 60 min for substances absorption, participants performed a 4-km test and they completed the distance as fast as possible. The time employed to cover the distance was lower in PLA (17.4 ± 1.5 min) and CAF (17.4 ± 1.4 min) than CON sessions (18.6 ± 2.8 min; P<0.05). There were no differences in the 4-km times between PLA and CAF (P>0.05) and no differences were reported between treatments for RPE (P>0.05). In conclusion, there was a placebo effect of caffeine on a 4-km maximal running trial which entailed that believing to have ingested caffeine improved performance to a similar extent than actually receiving caffeine. Therefore, the expectancy induced by caffeine may be one of the mechanisms behinds the ergogenic effect of this stimulant on endurance exercise. more...
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- 2022
22. Effects of 3 mg/kg Body Mass of Caffeine on the Performance of Jiu-Jitsu Elite Athletes.
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Merino-Fernández M, Giráldez-Costas V, González-García J, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, González-Millán C, Matos-Duarte M, and Ruiz-Moreno C
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- Adolescent, Adult, Athletes, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Caffeine pharmacology, Martial Arts physiology
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The effects of caffeine were investigated in judo, boxing, taekwondo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. However, this substance was never investigated regarding traditional jiu-jitsu. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and technical variables during combat in traditional jiu-jitsu elite athletes. Methods: Twenty-two young professionals of traditional jiu-jitsu, 11 men and 11 women (age = 22 ± 4 (18−33) years, body mass = 66.6 ± 10.8 (46.2−86.1) kg, height = 1.70 ± 0.9 (1.55−1.85) m) with 15 ± 7 years of experience in traditional jiu-jitsu, participated in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. In two different conditions, the traditional jiu-jitsu athletes ingested 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo. After 60 min, they performed the SJFT test to measure throwing performance, and subsequently, combat to analyze offensive and defensive hitting techniques. Results: Caffeine had a main effect on the number of throws during the SJFT test (P < 0.01). In addition, it was effective in sets 2 (13 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 2; p = 0.01) and 3 (12 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 1; p = 0.03). There was also a main effect during the test on heart rate when caffeine was ingested (F = 12.48, p < 0.01). The effects of caffeine were similar compared to the placebo condition regarding performance during combat both in offensive and defensive fighting variables Conclusions: the pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine increased performance in the SJFT test, decreased fatigue perception, and increased power and endurance perception in professionally traditional jiu-jitsu athletes. However, it did not seem to improve offensive and defensive technical actions during combat. more...
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- 2022
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23. Relationship between the anatomical location and the selective non-operative management of penetrating stab wounds in the abdomen.
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Tudela Lerma M, Turégano Fuentes F, Pérez Díaz MD, Rey Valcárcel C, Martín Román L, Ruiz Moreno C, Fernández Vázquez ML, and Fernández Martínez M
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- Abdomen diagnostic imaging, Abdomen surgery, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Abdominal Injuries surgery, Wounds, Penetrating surgery, Wounds, Stab surgery
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Introduction: The relationship between the anatomical location of penetrating abdominal stab wounds (SW) and the rate of selective non-operative management (SNOM) based on that location is scarcely reflected in the specialized literature. Our main objective has been to assess this rate based on the anatomical location, and our results., Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective registry of abdominal trauma from April 1993 to June 2020. The two study groups considered were the Operative Management (OM), and the SNOM, including in this one the use of diagnostic laparoscopy. Penetrating SWs in the abdomen were classified according to anatomical location., Results: We identified 259 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. SNOM was applied in 31% of the patients with a success rate of 96%, and it was more frequent in the lumbar, flank, and thoraco-abdominal regions; within the anterior abdomen it was more applicable in the RH, followed by the LH and epigastrium, respectively. An unnecessary laparotomy was done in 21% of patients, with the highest number in the epigastrium. Taking into account the unnecessary laparotomies and the rates of successful SNOM, 70.5% of lumbar, 66.5% of epigastric, 62% of flank, and 59% of RH penetrating SW could have been managed without a laparotomy., Conclusions: SNOM of penetrating SW in the abdomen has been safer and more applicable in those located in the lumbar, flank, epigastric, and RH regions., (Copyright © 2020 AEC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2022
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24. Delayed potentiation effects on neuromuscular performance after optimal load and high load resistance priming sessions using velocity loss.
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González-García J, Giráldez-Costas V, Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, and Romero-Moraleda B
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- Humans, Posture, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
- Abstract
Aim: (i) to compare the effects of two different low-volume resistance priming sessions, where the external load is modified on neuromuscular performance after 6 h of rest; and (ii) to identify the effects on psychological readiness in participants with resistance training experience. Methods: Eleven participants (Body mass: 77.0 ± 8.9 kg; Body height: 1.76 ± 0.08 m; Half squat repetition maximum: 139.8 ± 22.4 kg) performed the priming session under three experimental conditions in a randomized and cross-over design during the morning. The control (CON) condition: no resistance training, "optimal load" (OL) condition: two half-squat sets with a velocity loss of around 20% were performed with the "optimal load", and 80% of repetition maximum (80% RM) condition: 2 half-squat sets with a velocity loss of around 20% were performed with the 80% RM. Countermovement jump (CMJ), mean power with OL (MP
OL ) and 80% RM (MP80RM ), and mean velocity with OL (MVOL ) and 80% RM (MV80RM ) were assessed six hours after the intervention. Subjective readiness was also recorded prior to resistance training and evaluation. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CMJ was higher after the 80% RM intervention than CON ( p < 0.001; Δ = 6.5% [3.4-9.5]). MPOL and MVOL seemed to be unaffected by both morning sessions. Higher MP80RM ( p = 0.044; Δ = 9.7% [4.0-15.6]; d = 0.24[0.10-0.37]) and MV80RM ( p = 0.004; Δ = 8.1% [3.2-13.3]; d = 0.32[0.13-0.52]) after 80% RM than after CON were observed. No effect was observed on psychological readiness. Conclusions: 80% RM priming session increased CMJ height and the capacity to generate power and velocity under a high-load condition without any effect on psychological readiness. more...- Published
- 2021
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25. Inter-Day Reliability of Resting Metabolic Rate and Maximal Fat Oxidation during Exercise in Healthy Men Using the Ergostik Gas Analyzer.
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Robles-González L, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Muñoz A, Del-Coso J, R Ruiz J, and Amaro-Gahete FJ
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- Adult, Calorimetry, Indirect, Energy Metabolism, Exercise Test, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Oxygen metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Basal Metabolism, Blood Gas Analysis instrumentation, Exercise physiology, Oxidation-Reduction
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The attainment of high inter-day reliability is crucial to determine changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) after an intervention. This study aimed to analyze the inter-day reliability of RMR, RER, MFO and Fatmax in healthy adults using the Ergostik gas analyzer. Fourteen healthy men (age: 24.4 ± 5.0 years, maximum oxygen uptake (VO
2 max): 47.5 ± 11.9 mL/kg/min) participated in a repeated-measures study. The study consisted of two identical experimental trials (Day 1 and Day 2) in which the participants underwent an indirect calorimetry assessment at resting and during an incremental exercise test. Stoichiometric equations were used to calculate energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates. There were no significant differences when comparing RMR (1999.3 ± 273.9 vs. 1955.7 ± 362.6 kcal/day, p = 0.389), RER (0.87 ± 0.05 vs. 0.89 ± 0.05, p = 0.143), MFO (0.32 ± 0.20 vs. 0.31 ± 0.20 g/min, p = 0.776) and Fatmax (45.0 ± 8.6 vs. 46.4 ± 8.4% VO2 max, p = 0.435) values in Day 1 vs. Day 2. The inter-day coefficient of variation for RMR, RER, MFO and Fatmax were 4.85 ± 5.48%, 3.22 ± 3.14%, 7.78 ± 5.51%, and 6.51 ± 8.04%, respectively. In summary, the current results show a good inter-day reliability when RMR, RER, MFO and Fatmax are determined in healthy men using the Ergostik gas analyzer. more...- Published
- 2021
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26. p -Synephrine, the main protoalkaloid of Citrus aurantium , raises fat oxidation during exercise in elite cyclists.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Baltazar-Martins G, Rodríguez I, Lara B, Ruiz-Moreno C, Aguilar-Navarro M, and Del Coso J
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- Athletes, Bicycling, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Citrus chemistry, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Energy Metabolism, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Exercise physiology, Synephrine administration & dosage
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of p -synephrine ingestion on substrate oxidation during exercise in elite cyclists. Fifteen elite cyclists volunteered to participate in a double blind, crossover, randomized and placebo-controlled experimental trial. During two different trials, participants either ingested a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg/kg of p -synephrine. After 60 min for substances absorption, participants performed an incremental maximal cycle ergometer test until volitional fatigue (25 W/min). Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was continuously recorded during the entire test to estimate energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation, and fat oxidation rates by stoichiometric equations. Heart rate was continuously measured by using a heart rate monitor. The ingestion of p -synephrine had no significant effects on energy expenditure (F = 0.71, P = 0.40) or heart rate (F = 0.66, P = 0.43) during exercise. However, there was a main effect of p -synephrine to increase the rate of fat oxidation over the placebo (F = 5.1, P = 0.04) and the rate of fat oxidation was higher with p -synephrine in the following loads: 45 ± 2%, 51 ± 3%, 62 ± 3%, 67 ± 4%, 79 ± 5% and 85 ± 5% of the maximum wattage obtained in the test (all P < 0.05). The ingestion of p -synephrine did not modify the maximal rate of fat oxidation during the ramp test (mean value; 95%CI = 0.91; 0.79-1.03 vs 1.01; 0.91-1.11 g/min, respectively, P = 0.06) nor the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation was achieved (i.e. Fatmax = 49; 48-53 vs 50; 47-51% Wmax, P = 0.52). Acute p -synephrine ingestion moved the fat oxidation-exercise intensity curve upwards during an incremental cycling test without affecting Fatmax. more...
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- 2021
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27. Caffeine increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1 h of cycling at Fatmax.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Amaro-Gahete FJ, González-García J, Giráldez-Costas V, Pérez-García V, and Del Coso J
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- Adipose Tissue metabolism, Calorimetry, Indirect, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Caffeine, Energy Metabolism
- Abstract
Purpose: The ergogenic effect of caffeine on exercise of maximum intensity has been well established. However, there is controversy regarding the effect of caffeine on shifting substrate oxidation at submaximal exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on whole-body substrate oxidation during 1 h of cycling at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax)., Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced experiment, 12 healthy participants (VO
2max = 50.7 ± 12.1 mL/kg/min) performed two acute experimental trials after ingesting either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo (cellulose). The trials consisted of 1 h of continuous cycling at Fatmax. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation rate, and carbohydrate oxidation rate were continuously measured by indirect calorimetry., Results: In comparison to the placebo, caffeine increased the amount of fat oxidized during the trial (19.4 ± 7.7 vs 24.7 ± 9.6 g, respectively; P = 0.04) and decreased the amount of carbohydrate oxidized (94.6 ± 30.9 vs 73.8 ± 32.4 g; P = 0.01) and the mean self-perception of fatigue (Borg scale = 11 ± 2 vs 10 ± 2 arbitrary units; P = 0.05). In contrast, caffeine did not modify total energy expenditure (placebo = 543 ± 175; caffeine = 559 ± 170 kcal; P = 0.60) or mean heart rate (125 ± 13 and 127 ± 9 beats/min; P = 0.30) during exercise. Before exercise, caffeine increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure whilst it increased the feelings of nervousness and vigour after exercise (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: These results suggest that a moderate dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) increases the amount of fat oxidized during 1 h of cycling at Fatmax. Thus, caffeine might be used as an effective strategy to enhance body fat utilization during submaximal exercise. The occurrence of several side effects should be taken into account when using caffeine to reduce body fat in populations with hypertension or high sensitivity to caffeine. more...- Published
- 2021
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28. Caffeine Doses of 3 mg/kg Increase Unilateral and Bilateral Vertical Jump Outcomes in Elite Traditional Jiu-Jitsu Athletes.
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Merino Fernández M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Giráldez-Costas V, Gonzalez-Millán C, Matos-Duarte M, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, and González-García J
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- Athletes, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Leg physiology, Male, Muscle Strength drug effects, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Young Adult, Athletic Performance physiology, Caffeine administration & dosage, Martial Arts physiology, Performance-Enhancing Substances administration & dosage
- Abstract
Caffeine increases vertical jump, although its effects on kinetics and kinematics during different phases of bilateral and unilateral jumps remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of 3 mg/kg on kinetic, kinematic and temporal variables in the concentric and eccentric phases of bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps. A total of 16 Spanish national team traditional Jiu-Jitsu athletes took part in two experimental trials (3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Sixty minutes after ingestion, bilateral and unilateral jumps were performed on a force platform. Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased bilateral jump height ( p = 0.008; Δ% = 4.40), flight time ( p = 0.008; Δ% = 2.20), flight time:contraction time ( p = 0.029; Δ% = 8.90), concentric impulse ( p = 0.018; Δ% = 1.80), peak power ( p = 0.049; Δ% = 2.50), RSI-modified ( p = 0.011; Δ% = 11.50) and eccentric mean braking force ( p = 0.045; Δ% = 4.00). Additionally, caffeine increased unilateral RSI-mod in both legs (Left: p = 0.034; Δ% = 7.65; Right: p = 0.004; Δ% = 11.83), left leg flight time ( p = 0.044; Δ% = 1.91), left leg jump height ( p = 0.039; Δ% = 3.75) and right leg FT:CT ( p = 0.040; Δ% = 9.72). Caffeine in a dose of 3 mg/kg BM in elite Jiu-Jitsu athletes is a recommended ergogenic aid as it increased performance of bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps. These increases were also accompanied by modified jump execution during the different phases of the countermovement prior to take-off. more...
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- 2021
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29. Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, Aguilar-Navarro M, Muñoz A, Varillas-Delgado D, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Roberts JD, and Del Coso J
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- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress, Young Adult, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Caffeine pharmacology, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
By using deceptive experiments in which participants are informed that they received caffeine when, in fact, they received an inert substance (i.e., placebo), several investigations have demonstrated that exercise performance can be enhanced to a similar degree as a known caffeine dose. This 'placebo effect' phenomenon may be part of the mechanisms explaining caffeine's ergogenicity in exercise. However, there is no study that has established whether the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for other benefits obtained with acute caffeine intake, such as enhanced fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to investigate the placebo effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise. Twelve young men participated in a deceptive double-blind cross-over experiment. Each participant completed three identical trials consisting of a step incremental exercise test from 30 to 80% of V.O
2max . In the two first trials, participants ingested either 3 mg/kg of cellulose (placebo) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine (received caffeine) in a randomized order. In the third trial, participants were informed that they had received 3 mg/kg of caffeine, but a placebo was provided (informed caffeine). Fat oxidation rates were derived from stoichiometric equations. In received caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation over the values obtained with the placebo at 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050). In informed caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation at 30%, 40%, 50% 60%, and 70% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050) over the placebo, while there were no differences between received versus informed caffeine. In comparison to placebo (0.32 ± 0.15 g/min), the rate of maximal fat oxidation was higher in received caffeine (0.44 ± 0.22 g/min, p = 0.045) and in informed caffeine (0.41 ± 0.20 g/min, p = 0.026) with no differences between received versus informed caffeine. However, the intensity at which maximal fat oxidation rate was obtained (i.e., Fatmax ) was similar in placebo, received caffeine, and informed caffeine trials (42.5 ± 4.5, 44.2 ± 9.0, and 41.7 ± 10.5% of V.O2max , respectively, p = 0.539). In conclusion, the expectancy of having received caffeine produced similar effects on fat oxidation rate during exercise than actually receiving caffeine. Therefore, the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for the benefits of acute caffeine intake on substrate oxidation during exercise and it may be used to enhance fat oxidation during exercise in participants while reducing any risks to health that this substance may have. more...- Published
- 2021
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30. Relationship between the anatomical location and the selective non-operative management of penetrating stab wounds in the abdomen.
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Tudela Lerma M, Turégano Fuentes F, Pérez Díaz MD, Rey Valcárcel C, Martín Román L, Ruiz Moreno C, Fernández Vázquez ML, and Fernández Martínez M
- Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between the anatomical location of penetrating abdominal stab wounds (SW) and the rate of selective non-operative management (SNOM) based on that location is scarcely reflected in the specialized literature. Our main objective has been to assess this rate based on the anatomical location, and our results., Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective registry of abdominal trauma from April 1993 to June 2020. The two study groups considered were the Operative Management (OM), and the SNOM, including in this one the use of diagnostic laparoscopy. Penetrating SWs in the abdomen were classified according to anatomical location., Results: We identified 259 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. SNOM was applied in 31% of the patients with a success rate of 96%, and it was more frequent in the lumbar, flank, and thoraco-abdominal regions; within the anterior abdomen it was more applicable in the RUQ, followed by the LUQ and epigastrium, respectively. An unnecessary laparotomy was done in 21% of patients, with the highest number in the epigastrium. Taking into account the unnecessary laparotomies and the rates of successful SNOM, 70,5% of lumbar, el 66,5% of epigastric, 62% of flank, and 59% of RUQ penetrating SWs could have been managed without a laparotomy., Conclusions: SNOM of penetrating SWs in the abdomen has been safer and more applicable in those located in the lumbar, flank, epigastric, and RUQ regions., (Copyright © 2020 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2021
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31. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: is the surgery still safe beyond the 7-day barrier? A multicentric observational study.
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Di Martino M, Mora-Guzmán I, Vaello Jodra V, Sanjuanbenito Dehesa A, Morales-García D, Caiña Ruiz R, García-Moreno Nisa F, Mendoza-Moreno F, Alonso Batanero S, Quiñones Sampedro JE, Lora Cumplido P, Arango Bravo A, Rubio-Perez I, Asensio-Gomez L, Pardo Aranda F, Sentí I Farrarons S, Ruiz Moreno C, Martinez Moreno CM, Sarriugarte Lasarte A, Prieto Calvo M, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Perea Del Pozo E, and Martin-Perez E more...
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- Cholecystitis, Acute etiology, Conversion to Open Surgery statistics & numerical data, Gallstones complications, Gallstones surgery, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Intraoperative Complications epidemiology, Intraoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Safety, Time Factors, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic adverse effects, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic statistics & numerical data, Cholecystitis, Acute surgery
- Abstract
Timing for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is still controversial. This study assesses ELC for ACC with delayed presentation, according to hospital volume. Multicentric retrospective analysis of 1868 ELC. Patients were classified into two groups according to the timing of surgery from clinical onset and centre volume. Group 1 (G1) within the first 7 days, group 2 (G2) beyond that. Then centres were classified in low volume centres (LVC) and higher volume centres (HVC) according to the number of ELC performed per year. Overall, G2 showed increased conversion rate (17.7% vs 10.7%; p = 0.004), intraoperative complications (7.3% vs 2.9%; p = 0.001); postoperative haemorrhage (3.6% vs 0.8%; p < 0.001), infections (16.6% vs 9.3%; p = 0.003) and global complications (27.6% vs 19.8%; p = 0.011). HVC in comparison with LVC presented decreased conversion rate (17.1% vs 7.6%; p < 0.001), intraoperative bleeding (2.1% vs 1%; p = 0.047), postoperative bile leakage (4.1% vs 2.1%; p = 0.011), infectious (13.7% vs 7.5%; p < 0.001) and global complications (25.7% vs 17.1%; p < 0.001). HVC did not show an increase in any of the above-mentioned outcomes when G1 and G2 were compared. ELC must be indicated cautiously in patients with ACC and more than 1 week of symptom duration. It should be performed in centres with sufficient experience in the management of this disease. more...
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- 2021
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32. Effects of p -Synephrine during Exercise: A Brief Narrative Review.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Del Coso J, Giráldez-Costas V, González-García J, and Gutiérrez-Hellín J
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- Body Composition drug effects, Dietary Supplements, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction drug effects, Performance-Enhancing Substances pharmacology, Phytochemicals, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Plant Extracts adverse effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Synephrine administration & dosage, Synephrine adverse effects, Exercise, Synephrine pharmacology
- Abstract
The p -synephrine is the principal phytochemical found in bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ). This substance is widely included in dietary supplements for weight loss/body fat reduction due to its potential benefits of increasing fat oxidation. For years, p -synephrine-containing dietary supplements have been marketed without proper knowledge of their true effectiveness to enhance fat utilization, especially when combined with exercise. However, the effects of p -synephrine on fat oxidation during exercise have been investigated in the last few years. The aim of the current discussion is to summarize the evidence on the effects of p -synephrine intake on fat oxidation and performance during exercise. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the acute intake of p -synephrine does not modify running sprint performance, jumping capacity, or aerobic capacity. However, the acute intake of p -synephrine, in a dose of 2-3 mg/kg of body mass, has been effective to enhance the rate of fat oxidation during incremental and continuous exercise. This effect has been observed in a range of exercise workloads between 30% and 80% of peak oxygen uptake (VO
2peak ). The p -synephrine has the ability to increase the maximal rate of fat oxidation during exercise of increasing intensity without affecting the workload at which maximal fat oxidation is obtained (Fatmax). The effect of p -synephrine on fat oxidation is normally accompanied by a concomitant reduction of carbohydrate utilization during exercise, without modifying the energy expended during exercise. The shifting in substrate oxidation is obtained without any effect on heart rate during exercise and the prevalence of adverse effects is negligible. Thus, the acute use of p -synephrine, or p -synephrine-containing products, might offer some benefits for those individuals seeking higher fat utilization during exercise at low to moderate intensities. However, more research is still necessary to determine if the effect of p -synephrine on fat oxidation during exercise is maintained with chronic ingestion, in order to ascertain the utility of this substance in conjunction with exercise programs to produce an effective body fat/weight loss reduction. more...- Published
- 2021
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33. Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Baltazar-Martins G, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Oliván J, and Del Coso J
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- Adolescent, Adult, Athletic Injuries genetics, Cross-Sectional Studies, DNA Mutational Analysis statistics & numerical data, Female, Genetic Testing statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Molecular Epidemiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult, Actinin genetics, Athletes statistics & numerical data, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Running injuries
- Abstract
The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin ( p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries. more...
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- 2021
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34. Time Course and Magnitude of Tolerance to the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine on the Second Ventilatory Threshold.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Lara B, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, González-García J, and Del Coso J
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Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion has been shown to increase the workload at ventilatory threshold, suggesting an ergogenic effect of this stimulant on submaximal aerobic exercise. However, the time course of tolerance to the effect of caffeine on ventilatory threshold is unknown. This study aimed to determine the evolution of tolerance to the ergogenic effect of caffeine on the ventilatory threshold., Methods: Eleven participants (age 32.3 ± 4.9 yrs, height 171 ± 8 cm, body mass 66.6 ± 13.6 kg, VO
2max = 48.0 ± 3.8 mL/kg/min) took part in a longitudinal, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover experimental design. Each participant took part in two identical treatments: in one treatment, participants ingested a capsule containing 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass per day (mg/kg/day) for twenty consecutive days; in the other treatment, participants ingested a capsule filled with a placebo for the same duration and frequency. During these treatments, participants performed a maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer three times per week and the second ventilatory threshold (VT2 ) was assessed by using the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide., Results: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (substance × time) revealed statistically significant main effects of caffeine ( p < 0.01) and time ( p = 0.04) on the wattage obtained at VT2 , although there was no interaction ( p = 0.09). In comparison to the placebo, caffeine increased the workload at VT2 on days 1, 4, 6 and 15 of ingestion ( p < 0.05). The size of the ergogenic effect of caffeine over the placebo on the workload at VT2 was progressively reduced with the duration of the treatment. In addition, there were main effects of caffeine ( p = 0.03) and time ( p = 0.16) on VO2 obtained at VT2 , with no interaction ( p = 0.49). Specifically, caffeine increased oxygen uptake at VT2 on days 1 and 4 ( p < 0.05), with no other caffeine-placebo differences afterwards. For heart rate obtained at VT2 , there was a main effect of substance ( p < 0.01), while the overall effect of time ( p = 0.13) and the interaction ( p = 0.22) did not reach statistical significance. Heart rate at VT2 was higher with caffeine than with the placebo on days 1 and 4 ( p < 0.05). The size of the effect of caffeine on VO2 and heart at VT2 tended to decline over time., Conclusion: Pre-exercise intake of 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine for twenty days enhanced the wattage obtained at VT2 during cycling ramp tests for ~15 days of ingestion, while there was a progressive attenuation of the size of the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this performance variable. Therefore, habituation to caffeine through daily ingestion may reduce the ergogenic effect of this stimulant on aerobic exercise of submaximal intensity. more...- Published
- 2020
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35. Acute p-synephrine ingestion increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1-h of cycling at Fatmax.
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, and Del Coso J
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- Adult, Citrus chemistry, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction drug effects, Synephrine chemistry, Adipose Tissue drug effects, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Bicycling physiology, Exercise physiology, Synephrine administration & dosage, Synephrine pharmacology
- Abstract
Purpose: p-Synephrine, the principal alkaloid of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), is widely used in dietary supplements for weight loss due to its purported effect of increasing fat oxidation. However, there is a paucity of scientific information about its effectiveness in enhancing fat oxidation during exercise. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of an acute dose of p-synephrine on substrate oxidation during prolonged and constant intensity exercise., Methods: In a double-blind and randomized experiment, 14 healthy subjects performed two acute experimental trials after ingesting either p-synephrine (3 mg kg
-1 ) or a placebo (cellulose). Energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates were continuously measured by indirect calorimetry during 1 h of continuous cycling at Fatmax, the intensity that induces maximal fat oxidation rate., Results: In comparison to the placebo, energy expenditure during 1 h of cycling remained unchanged with p-synephrine (698 ± 129 vs. 686 ± 123 kcal, P = 0.08). However, p-synephrine increased whole-body fat oxidation (33.6 ± 10.4 vs. 37.3 ± 9.8 g, P < 0.01) while also reducing carbohydrate oxidation (99.5 ± 30.4 vs. 85.0 ± 28.4 g, P < 0.01). However, the magnitude of the shift on substrate oxidation induced by p-synephrine was small., Conclusion: Acute ingestion of p-synephrine augments fat oxidation during prolonged and constant-intensity exercise. more...- Published
- 2020
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36. Time course of tolerance to adverse effects associated with the ingestion of a moderate dose of caffeine.
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Lara B, Salinero JJ, Brito de Souza D, Ordovás JM, and Del Coso J
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- Adult, Blood Pressure drug effects, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Heart Rate drug effects, Humans, Time Factors, Caffeine administration & dosage, Caffeine adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify and describe the time course of tolerance to the most common caffeine-induced side effects., Methods: Eleven participants took part in a crossover, double-blind placebo-controlled experimental design. In one phase, participants ingested 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine for 20 days, while in another phase, they ingested a placebo. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured three times per week during each 20-day phase and a quantitative survey was used to categorise the magnitude of side effects., Results: In the pairwise comparison with the placebo, the ingestion of caffeine increased systolic (+ 7.8 ± 10.1%, P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (+ 6.4 ± 12.9% P < 0.05) for the first 8 days of ingestion, but then this effect became attenuated for both outcomes (on day 20, - 1.1 ± 4.3% and + 0.9 ± 9.6%, respectively). The ingestion of caffeine did not affect heart rate at any time point. Caffeine increased the feelings of nervousness and vigour and the rating of gastrointestinal complaints, insomnia and diuresis at several time points in the treatment (P < 0.05) and they did not disappear after 20 days of ingestion., Conclusions: The daily intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine induced a meaningful elevation in arterial blood pressure that disappeared after 8 days. However, other caffeine-induced effects such as increased nervousness and vigour, irritability, insomnia and diuresis remained after 20 days of consecutive caffeine ingestion. Although there was clear tolerance to the effect of caffeine on blood pressure, the persistence of other side effects suggests the inconvenience of maintaining a chronic caffeine intake, at least at the dose of 3 mg/kg/day. more...
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- 2020
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37. Effect of ACTN3 Genotype on Sports Performance, Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, and Injury Epidemiology.
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Baltazar-Martins G, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Ruiz-Moreno C, Moreno-Pérez V, López-Samanes Á, Domínguez R, and Del Coso J
- Abstract
Genetic factors play a significant role in athletic performance and its related phenotypes such as power, strength and aerobic capacity. In this regard, the lack of a muscle protein due to a genetic polymorphism has been found to affect sport performance in a wide variety of ways. α-actinin-3 is a protein located within the skeletal muscle with a key role in the production of sarcomeric force. A common stop-codon polymorphism (rs1815739; R577X) in the gene that codes for α-actinin-3 ( ACTN3 ) produces individuals with the XX genotype that lack expression of a functional α-actinin-3. In contrast, individuals with the R-allele (i.e., RX vs. RR genotypes) in this polymorphism can express α-actinin-3. Interestingly, around ~18% of the world population have the XX genotype and much has been debated about why a polymorphism that produces a lack of a muscle protein has endured natural selection. Several investigations have found that α-actinin-3 deficiency due to XX homozygosity in the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism can negatively affect sports performance through several structural, metabolic, or signaling changes. In addition, new evidence suggests that α-actinin-3 deficiency may also impact sports performance through indirect factors such a higher risk for injury or lower resistance to muscle-damaging exercise. The purpose of this discussion is to provide a clear explanation of the effect of α-actinin-3 deficiency due to the ACTN3 XX genotype on sport. Key focus has been provided about the effect of α-actinin-3 deficiency on morphologic changes in skeletal muscle, on the low frequency of XX athletes in some athletic disciplines, and on injury epidemiology. more...
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- 2020
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38. The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Muscle Strength and Power Performance.
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Romero-Moraleda B, Coso JD, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, Grgic J, and Lara B
- Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the fluctuations of muscle performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during three different phases of the menstrual cycle. Thirteen resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women volunteered to participate in the study (58.6 ± 7.8 kg, 31.1 ± 5.5 years). In a pre-experimental test, the half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. Body mass, tympanic temperature and urine concentration of the luteinizing hormone were estimated daily for ~30 days to determine the early follicular phase (EFP), the late follicular phase (LFP), and the mid-luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. On the second day of each phase, performance of the Smith machine half-squats was assessed using 20, 40, 60 and 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). In each load, force, velocity, and power output were measured during the concentric phase of the exercise by means of a rotatory encoder. The data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA coupled with magnitude-based inferences. Overall, force, velocity and power output were very similar in all menstrual cycle phases with unclear differences in most of the pairwise comparisons and effect sizes >0.2. The results of this investigation suggest that eumenorrheic females have similar muscle strength and power performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during the EFP, LFP, and MLP phases of the menstrual cycle. more...
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- 2019
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39. Pelvic fractures with associated retroperitoneal hematoma: time until angioembolization and results.
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Ciriano Hernández P, Moreno Hidalgo A, Grao Torrente I, Ruiz Moreno C, Seisdedos Rodrigez L, Kayser Mata S, Echenagusia Boyra MJ, González Leyte M, Pérez Díaz MD, and Turégano Fuentes F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, After-Hours Care standards, After-Hours Care statistics & numerical data, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiography, Embolization, Therapeutic statistics & numerical data, Female, Hematoma diagnostic imaging, Hematoma therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Time-to-Treatment statistics & numerical data, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Young Adult, Embolization, Therapeutic standards, Fractures, Bone complications, Hematoma etiology, Pelvic Bones injuries, Retroperitoneal Space diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Introduction: Two areas of controversy in the management of bleeding pelvic fractures are the need to perform angioembolization (AE) in patients with a retroperitoneal hematoma (RPH) but no contrast extravasation (CE) on Computerized Tomography (CT) and/or angiography, and the delay to AE. Our main objective was to assess whether there had been differences in the percentage and delay to AE between patients admitted on weekdays versus off-hours (weekends and admission after 3pm) at our hospital. Our hypothesis was that angiography and AE would be more frequent on weekdays, and the time delay would be longer during off-hours, with a higher mortality in this latter group for a similar overall severity. A secondary objective was to assess the correlation between CE on CT scan and angiography., Methods: Retrospective review of two cohorts of patients with RPH from a pelvic fracture during a period of 24 years. Patients were divided depending on the time of arrival (Group A: weekdays, and Group B: off-hours). The decision to perform angiography and AE was made by the general surgeons on call, in consensus with the interventional radiologist. We analyzed demographics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, physiologic and anatomic trauma scores, CE on CT scan, need of AE, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay and mortality., Results: 104 patients were admitted with RPH from a pelvic fracture. We performed AE in 63 cases (61%). The groups were comparable in the variables analyzed. In 70% of patients in group A, angiography was done, vs 57% in group B, with the same median time delay. CE on CT scan was seen in 53 out of 96 patients and confirmed by angiography in 45 (85%) of them. No significant differences were found in mortality between the two groups., Conclusions: There was a short delay from admission to AE, even during off-hours, and a good correlation of CE on CT scan and angiography., (Copyright © 2019 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2019
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40. Challenging the Myth of Non-Response to the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Performance.
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Del Coso J, Lara B, Ruiz-Moreno C, and Salinero JJ
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- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Fatigue, Humans, Caffeine pharmacology, Central Nervous System Stimulants pharmacology, Physical Endurance drug effects, Physical Exertion drug effects
- Abstract
The ergogenicity of caffeine on several exercise and sport situations is well-established. However, the extent of the ergogenic response to acute caffeine ingestion might greatly vary among individuals despite using the same dosage and timing. The existence of one or several individuals that obtained minimal ergogenic effects or even slightly ergolytic effects after caffeine intake (i.e., non-responders) has been reported in several previous investigations. Nevertheless, the concept non-responding to caffeine, in terms of physical performance, relies on investigations based on the measurement of one performance variable obtained once. Recently it has been suggested that correct identification of the individual ergogenic effect induced by caffeine intake requires the repeated measurement of physical performance in identical caffeine⁻placebo comparisons. In this communication, we present data from an investigation where the ergogenic effect of acute caffeine intake (3 mg/kg) was measured eight times over a placebo in the same individuals and under the same conditions by an incremental cycling test to volitional fatigue and an adapted version of the Wingate cycling test. The ergogenic response to caffeine varied from 9% to 1% among individuals, but all participants increased both cycling power in the incremental test and Wingate mean power at least three to eight times out of eight the caffeine⁻placebo comparisons. These data expand the suggestion of a minimal occurrence of caffeine non-responders because it shows that all individuals responded to caffeine when caffeine is compared to a placebo on multiple and repeated testing sessions. more...
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- 2019
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41. Time course of tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine.
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Lara B, Ruiz-Moreno C, Salinero JJ, and Del Coso J
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- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Caffeine pharmacology, Central Nervous System Stimulants pharmacology, Drug Tolerance, Exercise, Fatigue chemically induced, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Performance-Enhancing Substances pharmacology
- Abstract
The ergogenic effect of acute caffeine ingestion has been widely investigated; however, scientific information regarding tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine, when ingested on a day-to-day basis, is scarce. The aim of this investigation was to determine the time course of tolerance to the ergogenic effects of a moderate dose of caffeine. Eleven healthy active participants took part in a cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. In one treatment, they ingested 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine for 20 consecutive days while in another they ingested a placebo for 20 days. Each substance was administered daily in an opaque unidentifiable capsule, and the experimental trials started 45 min after capsule ingestion. Two days before, and three times per week during each 20-day treatment, aerobic peak power was measured with an incremental test to volitional fatigue (25 W/min) and aerobic peak power was measured with an adapted version of the Wingate test (15 s). In comparison to the placebo, the ingestion of caffeine increased peak cycling power in the incremental exercise test by ~4.0 ±1.3% for the first 15 days (P<0.05) but then this ergogenic effect lessened. Caffeine also increased peak cycling power during the Wingate test on days 1, 4, 15, and 18 of ingestion by ~4.9 ±0.9% (P<0.05). In both tests, the magnitude of the ergogenic effect of caffeine vs. placebo was higher on the first day of ingestion and then progressively decreased. These results show a continued ergogenic effect with the daily ingestion of caffeine for 15-18 days; however, the changes in the magnitude of this effect suggest progressive tolerance., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. more...
- Published
- 2019
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42. Vitamin E d-α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate (TPGS) Provokes Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells via a Pro-Oxidant Signaling Mechanism.
- Author
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Velez-Pardo C, and Jimenez-Del-Rio M
- Subjects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, DNA Fragmentation drug effects, Humans, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, Neuroblastoma metabolism, Vitamin E chemistry, Apoptosis drug effects, Neuroblastoma pathology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Vitamin E pharmacology
- Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common neoplasm during infancy. Unfortunately, NB is still a lethal cancer. Therefore, innovative curative therapies are immediately required. In this study, we showed the prodeath activity of TPGS in human NB SK-N-SH cancer cells. NB cells were exposed to TPGS (10-80 μM). We report for the first time that TPGS induces cell death by apoptosis in NB cells via a pro-oxidant-mediated signaling pathway. Certainly, H
2 O2 directly oxidizes DJ-1 cysteine106 -thiolate into DJ-1 cysteine106 -sulfonate, indirectly activates the transcription factors NF-kappaB, p53, and c-JUN, induces the upregulation of mitochondria regulator proteins BAX/PUMA, and provokes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and the activation of caspase-3/AIF, leading to nuclear disintegration, demonstrated by cellular and biochemical techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Since TPGS is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical excipient, this molecule might be used in clinical trials for NB treatment. more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Minocycline induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells.
- Author
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Velez-Pardo C, and Jimenez-Del-Rio M
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, DNA Fragmentation, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Jurkat Cells, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Oxidation-Reduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Signal Transduction drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Minocycline pharmacology
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Vitamin E synthetic derivate-TPGS-selectively induces apoptosis in jurkat t cells via oxidative stress signaling pathways: implications for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- Author
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Sierra-Garcia L, Lopez-Osorio B, and Velez-Pardo C
- Subjects
- DNA Fragmentation drug effects, Humans, Jurkat Cells drug effects, Jurkat Cells metabolism, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma drug therapy, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma physiopathology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma metabolism, Vitamin E pharmacology
- Abstract
D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) is a water-soluble derivative of natural vitamin E commonly used as a drug delivery agent. Recently, TPGS alone has been reported to induce cell death in lung, breast and prostate cancer. However, the effect of TPGS on cancer cell viability remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TPGS on human periphral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) Jurkat clone E6-1 cells and its possible mechanism of action. PBL and Jurkat cells were treated with TPGS (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 μM), and morphological changes in the cell nucleus, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were determined by immune-fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cellular apoptosis markers were also evaluated by immunocytochemistry. In this study, TPGS induced apoptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, but not in PBL, in a dose-response manner with increasing nuclear DNA fragmentation, increasing cell cycle arrest, and decreasing ΔΨm. Additionally, TPGS increased dichlorofluorescein fluorescence intensity, indicative of H2O2 production, in a dose-independent fashion. TPGS increased DJ-1 Cys(106)-sulfonate, as a marker of intracellular stress and induced the activation of NF-κB, p53 and c-Jun transcription factors. Additionally, it increased the expression of apoptotic markers Bcl-2 related pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and PUMAand activated caspase-3. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and known pharmacological inhibitors protected the cells from the TPGS induced effects. In conclusion, TPGS selectively induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells through two independent but complementary H2O2-mediated signaling pathways. Our findings support the use of TPGS as a potential treatment for ALL. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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