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Primer episodi de psicosi; Cognició social; Psicoeducació First episode psychosis; Social cognition; Psychoeducation Primer episodio de psicosis; Cognición social; Psicoeducación Metacognitive training (MCT) is an effective treatment for psychosis. Longitudinal trajectories of treatment response are unknown but could point to strategies to maximize treatment efficacy during the first episodes. This work aims to explore the possible benefit of using latent class mixed models (LCMMs) to understand how treatment response differs between metacognitive training and psychoeducation. We conducted LCMMs in 28 patients that received MCT and 34 patients that received psychoeducation. We found that MCT is effective in improving cognitive insight in all patients but that these effects wane at follow-up. In contrast, psychoeducation does not improve cognitive insight, and may increase self-certainty in a group of patients. These results suggest that LCMMs are valuable tools that can aid in treatment prescription and in predicting response to specific treatments This study was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Government, (PI11/01347, PI14/00044 and PI18/00212); the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Health Department of Catalonia, PERIS call (SLT006/17/00231); Progress and Health Foundation of the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (PI-0634/2011 and PI-0193/2014); Obra Social La Caixa (RecerCaixa call 2013), Obra Social Sant Joan de Déu, BML (RTI2018-100927-J-I00) administrated by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI, Spain), by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain), and by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, UE); Daniel Fernández has been supported by grant 2017 SGR 622 (GRBIO) administrated by the Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) [PID2019-104830RB-I00/ DOI (AEI): 10.13039/501100011033]; and CIBER, Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

Altres ajuts: PERIS call (grant no. SLT006/17/00231); the Progress and Health Foundation of the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (grant no. PI-0634/2011 and PI-0193/2014); Obra Social La Caixa (RecerCaixa call 2013); CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; Obra Social Sant Joan de Déu (BML); and FI19/00062 (Ayudas para la Contratación de Personal Predoctoral). A protective effect has traditionally been attributed to estrogen in psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate cumulative lifetime estrogen by assessing the menstrual cycle length, age at menarche, and years of difference between the onset of psychotic symptoms and the age of menarche, measuring their effects on symptoms, cognition, social cognition, and metacognition. As it was not possible to directly measure cumulative estrogen levels over the lifetime of a patient, the study sample was composed of 42 women with first-episode psychosis; estrogen levels were inferred by the menstrual cycle length, age at menarche, and years of difference between the onset of psychotic symptoms and menarche. All patients were assessed with a battery of questionnaires using the BDI, PSYRATS, PANSS, STROOP, TAVEC, WSCT, IPSAQ, and BCIS questionnaires. The results related to menstrual cycle length showed a relationship with memory; specifically, shorter cycles with semantic strategies (p = 0.046) and longer cycles with serial strategies in the short term (p = 0.005) as well as in the long term (p = 0.031). The results also showed a relationship with perseverative errors (p = 0.035) and self-certainty (p = 0.049). Only personalized bias (p = 0.030) was found to be significant in relation to the age at menarche. When analyzing the differences in years of difference between the age at menarche and the onset of psychotic symptoms, the results indicated lower scores in women with a smaller difference between both events in memory (short-term (p = 0.050), long-term (p = 0.024), intrusions (p = 0.013), and recognition (p = 0.043)) and non-perseverative errors (p = 0.024). No relationship was found between symptoms and menstrual characteristics. The investigatory outcomes seem to indicate a relationship between estrogen cumulative effects and the memory domain. More in-depth investigations in the field are necessary in order to improve personalized treatment in women with psychosis.

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud (PI-0634/2011, PI-0193/2014); Obra Social Sant Joan de Déu (BML); Programa CERCA (Generalitat de Catalunya). This study investigates, for the first time, clinical, cognitive, social cognitive and metacognitive differences in people diagnosed with first-episode of psychosis (FEP) with and without a family history of mental disorder split by maternal and paternal antecedents. A total of 186 individuals with FEP between 18 and 45 years old were recruited in community mental-health services. A transversal, descriptive, observational design was chosen for this study. Results suggest that there is a higher prevalence of maternal history of psychosis rather than paternal, and furthermore, these individuals exhibit a specific clinical, social and metacognitive profile. Individuals with a maternal history of mental disorder scored higher in delusional experiences, inhibition of the response to a stimulus and higher emotional irresponsibility while presenting a poorer overall functioning as compared to individuals without maternal history. Individuals with paternal history of mental disorder score higher in externalizing attributional bias, irrational beliefs of need for external validation and high expectations. This study elucidates different profiles of persons with FEP and the influence of the maternal and paternal family history on clinical, cognitive, social and metacognitive variables, which should be taken into account when offering individualized early treatment.

La formación en psicoterapias de los M.I.R. es escasa y en pocos lugares de la geografía española podemos encontrar un programa estructurado. En 2008 se publicaba una Orden Ministerial que hacía posible la subespecialidad en psicoterapia el cuarto año de residencia. El desarrollo de esa orden nunca se produjo, pero la publicación en la Guía NICE 2010 de un buen número de psicoterapias con pruebas de eficacia podría dar a las psicoterapias el prestigio que tuvieron antaño. Se hace un recorrido histórico por el controvertido tema de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia en Psicoterapia, y del movimiento de las competencias profesionales en este ámbito. Existe hoy una tendencia a localizar terapias específicas para trastornos específicos y a formar psicoterapeutas competentes para estas terapias que hayan mostrado evidencia. En el artículo se muestran los puntos frágiles de esta pretendida búsqueda de la competencia, de su enseñanza y evaluación, así como de la tan pregonada como mal interpretada "evidencia" científica. The Medical training program for residents in Psychotherapies is poor and there are just a few places in the Spanish geography where a structured program on training is developed. The Ministerial Law published in 2008 allows a specific training in Psychotherapies, as specific subs-pecialty, in the fourth year of the training period of the residents. The development of these Law never was done, but the reference published on the NICE Guide about a wide number of Psychotherapies could give them back the prestige they had before. We provide a historic view of the Practice-based on evidence in Psychotherapy, and the evolution of the professional competences on this field. There is a tendency to match specific therapies to specific disorders and to train competent Psychotherapists for the therapies that have proved evidences. The article shows the weak side of this pretended search of competence, its teaching, and assessment, and the widely spread and misunderstood scientific evidence.