34 results on '"Ruiz VE"'
Search Results
2. Prevalence of Cysticercus bovis by gender, category and level of infection in Cattle slaughtered in southern Chile
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Cayo Faustina, Valenzuela Gaston, Paredes Enrique, Ruíz Veronica, Mamani-Linares Willy, and Gallo Carmen
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Cysticercus bovis ,prevelence ,slaughtered cattle ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in cattles laughtered in southern Chile. Data from 198260 bovines slaughtered in three large slaughter plants(PFCs) in southern Chile, from January to December 2010 were used. The animals were inspected post mortem according to official procedures in Chile, where mandatory inspection sites are: heart, tongue, masseter, oesophagus, diaphragm and superficial observation of the carcass. A total of 1158 (0.58%) animals were diagnosed positiveto C.bovis. Of the positive cases 98.45% were infected with the slight form (up to 4 cysts); the carcasses of these bovines were sent to sanitation before being used for human consumption. Only 1.55% of the positive cases corresponded to amassive infection (more than 4 cysts); these carcasses were condemned and not suitable for human consumption according to the official inspection procedure in Chile. The prevalence of C.bovis was higher in oxen and cows, hence higher in older cattle. In females the infection was more prevalent than in males. The occurrence of cysticercosis was observed in all months of the year. In conclusion, the prevalence of cysticercosis PFCs varied according to gender, class and level of infection.
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- 2013
3. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications and prescription dynamics in elderly hospitalized patients in Spain.
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Puig T, Leache L, González-Senac NM, Carreras E, Gutiérrez-Valencia M, Losa L, Revuelta-Herrero JL, Marrero-Álvarez P, de Miguel M, Aguirrezabal Arredondo A, Aranguren A, Vilariño A, Ruiz VE, Fernández I, Bilbao J, González-Guerrero C, Del Pino B, and Garin N
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- Humans, Spain epidemiology, Aged, Female, Male, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Prevalence, Drug Prescriptions, Potentially Inappropriate Medication List, Hospitalization trends, Inappropriate Prescribing trends, Inappropriate Prescribing statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, the need for a more appropriate prescription of medications in the older population has emerged as a significant public health concern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in hospitalized adults aged ≥ 75., Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive observational study of patients at 16 hospitals in Spain. The study population included inpatients aged ≥ 75 admitted during a 7-day period (May 10 to 16, 2021). Data were obtained from the pharmacy databases of the participating hospitals. The list of PIMs was based on the Beers, STOPP-START, EU-PIM and PRISCUS criteria., Results: A total of 4,183 patients were included. PIMs were detected in 23.5% (N = 1,126) of the cohort. The prevalence rates at the participating hospitals ranged from 10% to 42.5%. The PIM/patient ratio was 1.2. The most common PIMs were midazolam, dexketoprofen, diazepam, and doxazosin, all of which (except for doxazosin) were more common in women. Benzodiazepines accounted for 70% of all PIMs. In 35% of cases, the PIMs were initiated before hospital admission. Of the 818 PIMs initiated during hospitalization, the two most common were benzodiazepines (49%) and anti-inflammatory drugs (25%). At discharge, only 4.9% of the PIMs initiated during the hospital stay were still prescribed., Conclusion: In this population of older hospitalized patients, the overall prevalence of PIMs was moderate. However, the prevalence rate at the participating hospitals was highly variable. In most cases, PIMs prescribed prior to hospitalization for chronic conditions were not withdrawn during the hospital stay. No significant increase in PIMs was observed from pre-admission to post-discharge. These findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary interventions to optimize the pharmaceutical treatment in older adults in the hospital setting to reduce the consequences of PIMs in patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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4. The role of PCSK9 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its impact on bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Castellano-Castillo D, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Balaguer-Román A, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Martínez CM, Frutos MD, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Cardona F, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Obesity, Morbid complications, Treatment Outcome, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Proprotein Convertase 9 blood, Proprotein Convertase 9 metabolism, Bariatric Surgery, Fatty Liver metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely tied to obesity. The degree ranges from steatosis (MASL) and steatohepatitis (MASH) to liver cirrhosis. PCSK9 controls cholesterol and lipid particle transport to the liver. PCSK9 might interfere with the pathophysiology of MASLD and bariatric surgery (BS) outcomes of patients with MASLD., Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between serum and hepatic PCSK9 levels with the degree of MASLD and the metabolic outcome of BS., Setting: University Hospital, Spain., Methods: A total of 110 patients with obesity undergoing BS were classified according to liver histology as controls, MAS, and MASH. PCSK9 levels in serum were measured before and 6 months after BS using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCSK9 protein and mRNA levels in liver tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively., Results: Hepatic PCSK9 protein levels were diminished in MASL and MASH compared with patients without MASLD and showed a strong negative association with MASLD severity scores. Liver PCSK9 mRNA was higher in MASH compared with controls and MASL and showed positive associations with MASLD severity scores. There were no differences in serum PCSK9 pre or postBS between the groups. Pre- and postsurgery serum PCSK9 positively correlated with cholesterol fold-changes and body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol fold-changes, respectively. PCSK9 fold-change positively correlated with BMI changes and was the sole variable explaining BMI fold changes in a regression model., Conclusions: PCSK9 mRNA and protein in the liver might be associated with the degree of MASLD. Serum PCSK9 may be associated with cholesterol and/or BMI fold changes. Serum changes of PCSK9 after BS could explain BMI loss outcome., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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5. Consistency Between Administrative Health Records and Self-Reported Health Status and Health Care Use Among Indigenous Wayuu Health Insurance Enrollees: La Guajira, Colombia.
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Hinds A, Suárez Aguilar B, Berrio YD, Ospina Galeano D, Gómez Vargas JH, Ruiz VE, and Mignone J
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The objective of the study was to assess the consistency between self-reported demographic characteristics, health conditions, and healthcare use, and administrative healthcare records, in a sample of enrollees of an Indigenous health organization in Colombia. We conducted a phone survey of a random sample of 2113 enrollees September-2020/February-2021. Administrative health records were obtained for the sample. Using ICD-10 diagnostic codes, we identified individuals who had healthcare visits for diabetes, hypertension, and/or pregnancy. Using unique identifiers, we linked their survey data to the administrative dataset. Agreement percentages and Cohen's Kappa coefficients were calculated. Logistic regressions were performed for each health condition/state. Results showed high degree of agreement between data sources for sex and age, similar rates for diabetes and hypertension, 10% variation for pregnancy. Kappa statistics were in the moderate range. Age was significantly associated with agreement between data sources. Sex, language, and self-rated health were significant for diabetes. This is the first study with data from an Indigenous population assessing the consistency between self-reported data and administrative health records. Survey and administrative data produced similar results, suggesting that Anas Wauu can be confident in using their data for planning and research purposes, as part of the movement toward data sovereignty., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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6. Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Hepatic FA Profile Associated With MASLD Stage in Patients With Obesity.
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Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Martínez-Montoro JI, Balaguer-Román A, Murcia-García E, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Martínez-Cáceres CM, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Hernández-Morante JJ, Fernández-García JC, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Mika A, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Humans, Male, Female, Case-Control Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Lipid Metabolism, Bariatric Surgery, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Obesity metabolism, Obesity complications, Lipidomics, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fatty Liver metabolism, Fatty Liver pathology
- Abstract
Context: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Excess caloric intake and high-fat diets are considered to significantly contribute to MASLD development., Objective: To evaluate the hepatic and serum fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with different stages of MASLD, and their relationship with FA dietary intake and MASLD-related risk factors., Methods: This was a case-control study in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at a university hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Participants were distributed in 3 groups: no MASLD (n = 26), steatotic liver disease (n = 33), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (n = 32). Hepatic and serum FA levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nutritional status was evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires. The hepatic expression of genes involved in FA metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction., Results: The hepatic, but not serum, FA profiles were significantly altered in patients with MASLD compared with those without MASLD. No differences were observed in FA intake between the groups. Levels of C16:0, C18:1, and the C18:1/C18:0 ratio were higher, while C18:0 levels and C18:0/C16:0 ratio were lower in patients with MASLD, being significantly different between the 3 groups. Hepatic FA levels and ratios correlated with histopathological diagnosis and other MASLD-related parameters. The expression of genes involved in the FA metabolism was upregulated in patients with MASLD., Conclusion: Alterations in hepatic FA levels in MASLD patients were due to enhancement of de novo lipogenesis in the liver., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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7. A novel model for predicting diabetes remission after bariatric surgery based on the measurement of C-peptide and creatinine in serum: A pilot study.
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Colosimo S, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Ferrer-Gómez M, Frutos MD, Tomlinson JW, Bertoli S, Marchesini G, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Humans, C-Peptide metabolism, Creatinine, Obesity diagnosis, Obesity surgery, Obesity complications, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Remission Induction, Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Gastric Bypass
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Background and Aims: Bariatric surgery is effective for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with obesity, although a significant proportion of these patients do not achieve diabetes remission after the surgery even after significant weight loss and metabolic improvement. C-peptide is a valuable marker of beta cell function and insulin secretion, but renal function must be considered when interpreting measurements in patients with T2D. The study aims to investigate the association of serum levels of C-peptide adjusted for creatinine with diabetes remission and glycemic target achievement after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and T2D., Methods and Results: Prospective data from a cohort of 84 patients with obesity and T2D submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were collected at baseline and at least a 6-month follow up. A multivariate binomial regression model showed that Ln(C-peptide/creatinine) and age were significantly associated with 6-month T2D remission. The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUROC) to predict remission was 0.87, and more accurate than the AUROC based on C-peptide levels alone (0.75). The same model was also able to predict achieving an HbA1c target of 7 % (53 mmol/mol) (AUROC 0.96)., Conclusion: In conclusion, Ln(C-peptide/creatinine) ratio could be a useful tool in predicting T2D remission and target achievement after RYGB surgery, providing a more accurate reflection of beta cell function in bariatric patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no potential conflict of interests with the present study., (Copyright © 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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8. Triglyceride to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for the Identification of MASLD in Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Case-Control Study.
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Hernández-Barceló JE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Frutos MD, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Fernández-García JC, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Biopsy, Case-Control Studies, ROC Curve, Biomarkers blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Fatty Liver blood, Fatty Liver complications, Fatty Liver diagnosis, Fatty Liver pathology, Metabolic Diseases blood, Metabolic Diseases complications, Metabolic Diseases diagnosis, Metabolic Diseases pathology, Obesity blood, Obesity complications, Obesity pathology, Triglycerides blood
- Abstract
Associations between dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio may be a surrogate marker of MASLD, assessed by liver ultrasound. However, no studies have evaluated the utility of this ratio according to biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate if the TG/HDL-C ratio allows for the identification of biopsy-proven MASLD in patients with obesity. We conducted a case-control study in 153 patients with obesity who underwent metabolic surgery and had a concomitant liver biopsy. Fifty-three patients were classified as no MASLD, 45 patients as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver-MASL, and 55 patients as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-MASH. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the TG/HDL-C ratio to detect MASLD. We also compared the area under the curve (AUC) of the TG/HDL-C ratio, serum TG, and HDL-C. A higher TG/HDL-C ratio was observed among patients with MASLD, compared with patients without MASLD. No differences in the TG/HDL-C ratio were found between participants with MASL and MASH. The greatest AUC was observed for the TG/HDL-C ratio (AUC 0.747, p < 0.001) with a cut-off point of 3.7 for detecting MASLD (sensitivity = 70%; specificity = 74.5%). However, no statistically significant differences between the AUC of the TG/HDL-C ratio and TG or HDL-C were observed to detect MASLD. In conclusion, although an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio can be found in patients with MASLD, this marker did not improve the detection of MASLD in our study population, compared with either serum TG or HDL-C.
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- 2024
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9. Plasma short-chain fatty acid changes after bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity.
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Martínez-Sánchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Almansa-Saura S, García-Zafra V, Ferrer-Gómez M, Frutos MD, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Humans, Propionates, Prospective Studies, Isobutyrates, Obesity surgery, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Weight Loss, Butyrates, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Insulin Resistance, Bariatric Surgery methods
- Abstract
Background: Obesity has reached epidemic dimensions in recent decades. Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most effective interventions for weight loss and metabolic improvement in patients with obesity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites with a key role in body weight control and insulin sensitivity. Although BS is known to induce significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, its impact on the circulating levels of certain metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as SCFA remains poorly understood., Objective: To determine the impact of BS on the circulating SCFA levels in patients with severe obesity., Setting: University hospital., Methods: An observational, prospective study was performed on 51 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (1 day before surgery) and at 6 and 12 months after BS. Plasma SCFA levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry., Results: The results revealed significant changes in the circulating levels of SCFA after BS. A marked increase in propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate levels and a decrease in acetate, valerate, hexanoate, and heptanoate levels were observed 12 months after BS. Furthermore, the changes in the levels of propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate negatively correlated with changes in body mass index, while those of isobutyrate correlated negatively with changes in the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index., Conclusion: These results suggest that propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate levels could be related to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity after BS., (Copyright © 2023 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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10. Disruption of the early-life microbiota alters Peyer's patch development and germinal center formation in gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Borbet TC, Pawline MB, Li J, Ho ML, Yin YS, Zhang X, Novikova E, Jackson K, Mullins BJ, Ruiz VE, Hines MJ, Zhang XS, Müller A, Koralov SB, and Blaser MJ
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During postnatal development, both the maturing microbiome and the host immune system are susceptible to environmental perturbations such as antibiotic use. The impact of timing in which antibiotic exposure occurs was investigated by treating mice from days 5-9 with amoxicillin or azithromycin, two of the most commonly prescribed medications in children. Both early-life antibiotic regimens disrupted Peyer's patch development and immune cell abundance, with a sustained decrease in germinal center formation and diminished intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) production. These effects were less pronounced in adult mice. Through comparative analysis of microbial taxa, Bifidobacterium longum abundance was found to be associated with germinal center frequency. When re-introduced to antibiotic-exposed mice, B . longum partially rescued the immunological deficits. These findings suggest that early-life antibiotic use affects the development of intestinal IgA-producing B cell functions and that probiotic strains could be used to restore normal development after antibiotic exposure., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial or conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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11. Hepatic and serum branched-chain fatty acid profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study.
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martinez-Sanchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Fernández-García JC, Mika A, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Humans, Case-Control Studies, Liver metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Transaminases metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: Alterations in the hepatic lipidome are a crucial factor involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and hepatic profile of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in patients with different stages of NAFLD., Methods: This was a case-control study performed in 27 patients without NAFLD, 49 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 17 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by liver biopsies. Serum and hepatic levels of BCFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hepatic expression of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of BCFAs was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)., Results: A significant increase in hepatic BCFAs was found in subjects with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD; no differences were observed in serum BCFAs between study groups. Trimethyl BCFAs, iso-BCFAs, and anteiso-BCFAs were increased in subjects with NAFLD (either nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) compared with those without NAFLD. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between hepatic BCFAs and the histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD, as well as other histological and biochemical parameters related to this disease. Gene expression analysis in liver showed that the mRNA levels of BCAT1, BCAT2, and BCKDHA were upregulated in patients with NAFLD., Conclusions: These results suggest that the increased production of liver BCFAs might be related to NAFLD development and progression., (© 2023 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society.)
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- 2023
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12. Notes from the Field: Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Mpox Cases from the Initial Phase of the Outbreak - New York City, May 19-July 15, 2022.
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Kyaw NTT, Kipperman N, Alroy KA, Baumgartner J, Crawley A, Peterson E, Ross A, Fowler RC, Ruiz VE, Leelawong M, Hughes S, Juste-Tranquille M, Lovingood K, Joe CD, Chase M, Shinall A, Ackelsberg J, Bergeron-Parent C, Badenhop B, Slavinski S, Reddy V, and Lee EH
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- Humans, New York City epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Mpox (monkeypox) epidemiology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
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- 2022
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13. Crohn's Disease, Host-Microbiota Interactions, and Immunonutrition: Dietary Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiome as Novel Therapeutic Approaches.
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Núñez-Sánchez MA, Melgar S, O'Donoghue K, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, and Ramos-Molina B
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- Diet, Host Microbial Interactions, Humans, Inflammation therapy, Crohn Disease therapy, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Microbiota
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Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex, disabling, idiopathic, progressive, and destructive disorder with an unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial and involves the interplay between host genetics, and environmental factors, resulting in an aberrant immune response leading to intestinal inflammation. Due to the high morbidity and long-term management of CD, the development of non-pharmacological approaches to mitigate the severity of CD has recently attracted great attention. The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important player in the development of CD, and general alterations in the gut microbiome have been established in these patients. Thus, the gut microbiome has emerged as a pre-eminent target for potential new treatments in CD. Epidemiological and interventional studies have demonstrated that diet could impact the gut microbiome in terms of composition and functionality. However, how specific dietary strategies could modulate the gut microbiota composition and how this would impact host-microbe interactions in CD are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge on host-microbe interactions and their involvement in CD pathogenesis and severity, and we highlight the most up-to-date information on gut microbiota modulation through nutritional strategies, focusing on the role of the microbiota in gut inflammation and immunity.
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- 2022
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14. Weight Loss and Improvement of Metabolic Alterations in Overweight and Obese Children Through the I 2 AO 2 Family Program: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Solé-Agustí M, Armero-Barranco D, and Cauli O
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- Adolescent, Body Mass Index, Child, Exercise, Humans, Overweight, Triglycerides, Weight Loss, Pediatric Obesity therapy
- Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health concern. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program based on healthy eating, exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and health education to achieve weight loss and improve metabolic parameters in overweight and obese children. A randomized, controlled clinical trial with long-term follow-up (24 months) was conducted at a community care center in overweight and obese individuals aged 6-12 years. A sample of 108 children was divided into an experimental and a control group receiving a standard care program. The experimental groups received a 12-month interdisciplinary program; the results were evaluated at 4 months, the end of the intervention, and at follow-up 12 months later. Anthropometric and biological marker measurements related to metabolic alterations, dyslipidemia (based on total cholesterol), hyperglycemia, fasting glycaemia, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood were recorded. The intervention had a significant effect ( p < 0.001) in terms of decreased body mass index, skinfolds, and waist and arm circumferences. These changes were accompanied by biochemical changes underlying an improvement in metabolic parameters, such as a significant reduction in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hyperglycemia and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. These effects were still significant for markers of excess weight or obesity in the experimental group 12 months after the end of the intervention, suggesting that an enduring change in healthy lifestyles had been maintained period. This interdisciplinary, nurse-led program helped to reduce childhood and adolescent excess weight and obesity and had long-lasting effects.
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- 2021
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15. Botanical Control of Citrus Green Mold and Peach Brown Rot on Fruits Assays Using a Persicaria acuminata Phytochemically Characterized Extract.
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Liberto MGD, Seimandi GM, Fernández LN, Ruiz VE, Svetaz LA, and Derita MG
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Persicaria acuminata (Polygonaceae) is a perennial herb that grows in the central area of Argentina and it is commonly used by native populations to heal infected wounds and other conditions related to fungal infections. In this article, we explored the in vitro antifungal activity of its ethyl acetate extract against a panel of three fruit phytopathogenic fungi including: Penicillium digitatum , P. italicum, and Monilinia fructicola . The sesquiterpenes isolated from the extract were also evaluated against these strains, demonstrating that the dialdehyde polygodial was the responsible for this activity. In order to encourage the use of the extract rather than the pure compound, we displayed ex vivo assays using fresh oranges and peaches inoculated with P. digitatum and M. fructicola , respectively, and subsequently treated by immersion with an extract solution of 250 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments with commercial fungicides and the extract over the control of both fruit rots. The concentration of the active compound present in the extract used on fruit experiments was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluation against Huh7 cells showed that P. acuminata extract was less cytotoxic than the commercial fungicides at the assayed concentrations. After these findings we could conclude that a chemically characterized extract of P. acuminata should be further developed to treat fungal diseases in fruits from an agro-ecological model.
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- 2021
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16. Analysis of Quality of Life and Nutritional Status in Elderly Patients with Dysphagia in Order to Prevent Hospital Admissions in a COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Paredes-Ibáñez R, Armero-Barranco D, Sánchez-Romera JF, and Ferrer M
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(1) Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is currently recognized as one of the geriatric syndromes due to its high frequency in older people and its associated complications, which have a direct impact on quality of life. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of telehealth consultation for the re-evaluation of nutritional status and quality of life assessment in older people diagnosed with OD associated with active use of thickeners to prevent hospital admissions in a COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: an observational, descriptive, and longitudinal study that included a sample of 33 subjects with age equal or superior to 65 years diagnosed with OD with conserved cognitive capacity. The nutritional status was evaluated through the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire and biochemical parameters and, the quality of life was determined through the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire. (3) Results: Thirty-three older patients with OD were recruited (54.5% women), with a mean age of 83.5 ± 7.6 years. The main cause of OD in the study population was neurodegenerative disease (51.5%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (33.3%), and other causes (15.2%). Sixty point six percent of patients were found to be at risk of malnutrition. The MNA score was significantly correlated to albumin (r: 0.600, p < 0.001) and total proteins (r: 0.435, p = 0.015), but not to total cholesterol (r: -0.116, p = 0.534) or lymphocytes (r: -0.056, p = 0.758). The mean total score of the SWAL-QOL was 75.1 ± 16.4 points. (4) Conclusions: the quality of life of the subjects related to the use of a thickener is good. Although the body mass index (BMI) and average biochemical, nutritional parameters of the subjects are within the range of normality, the MNA has detected a high percentage of subjects with the risk of malnutrition, which suggests the need for continuous re-evaluation in these patients, demonstrating the viability of the telematic route in this research.
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- 2020
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17. A single early-in-life antibiotic course increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis.
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Ozkul C, Ruiz VE, Battaglia T, Xu J, Roubaud-Baudron C, Cadwell K, Perez-Perez GI, and Blaser MJ
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- Age Factors, Animals, Biodiversity, Colitis metabolism, Colitis pathology, Dextran Sulfate adverse effects, Disease Models, Animal, Dysbiosis complications, Dysbiosis etiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Intestinal Mucosa drug effects, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa microbiology, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Mice, Permeability, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer drug effects, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Colitis etiology, Disease Susceptibility
- Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation of the immune system and the prevention of diseases during childhood. Early-life short-course antibiotic use may affect the progression of subsequent disease conditions by changing both host microbiota and immunologic development. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence that early-life antibiotic exposures predispose to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)., Methods: By using a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, we evaluated the effect on disease outcomes of early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) using tylosin, a macrolide and amoxicillin, a beta-lactam. We evaluated microbiota effects at the 16S rRNA gene level, and intestinal T cells by flow cytometry. Antibiotic-perturbed or control microbiota were transferred to pups that then were challenged with DSS., Results: A single PAT course early-in-life exacerbated later DSS-induced colitis by both perturbing the microbial community and altering mucosal immune cell composition. By conventionalizing germ-free mice with either antibiotic-perturbed or control microbiota obtained 40 days after the challenge ended, we showed the transferrable and direct effect of the still-perturbed microbiota on colitis severity in the DSS model., Conclusions: The findings in this experimental model provide evidence that early-life microbiota perturbation may increase risk of colitis later in life.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Program Performed on Obese People Regarding Nutritional Habits and Metabolic Comorbidity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Solé-Agustí M, Paniagua-Urbano JA, and Armero-Barranco D
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Body Mass Index, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases epidemiology, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, Exercise physiology, Exercise psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Health Education methods, Metabolic Diseases psychology, Obesity psychology, Weight Loss physiology
- Abstract
Obesity is an important public health problem. The combined use of different therapies performed by an interdisciplinary group can improve the management of this health issue. The main goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program based on healthy eating, exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and health education in improving metabolic comorbidity, Body Mass Index (BMI), and nutritional habits among obese adults, at short (12 months) and long term (24 months). A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at a community care center between February 2014 and February 2016. A random sampling was done (299), total population (3262). A sample of 74 subjects diagnosed with obesity (experimental group, n = 37 and control group, n = 37) was conducted. Inclusion criteria: obese people (BMI: >30 kg/m
2 ) with metabolic comorbidity and bad nutritional habits. Exclusion criteria: other comorbidities. A 12-month interdisciplinary program (with pre-test, 12 months and 24 months of follow-up) was applied. Intervention is based on healthy eating, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The intervention had a positive effect on nutritional habits (F2;144 = 115.305; p < 0.001). The experimental group increased fruit and vegetable intake (F2;144 = 39.604, p < 0.001), as well as fortified foods (F2;144 = 10,076, p < 0.001) and reduced fats, oils, and sweets F2;144 = 24,086, p < 0.001). In the experimental group, a BMI reduction of 2.6 to 24 months was observed. At follow-up, no participant had inadequate nutritional habits, compared to 35.1% of the control group (χ22 = 33,398; p < 0.001). There was also a positive response of metabolic comorbidities in the intervention group. The interdisciplinary program improved all participants' metabolic parameters, BMI, and nutritional habits while maintaining the long-term effects (24 months).- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure on Resistance to Subsequent Bacterial Infection.
- Author
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Roubaud-Baudron C, Ruiz VE, Swan AM Jr, Vallance BA, Ozkul C, Pei Z, Li J, Battaglia TW, Perez-Perez GI, and Blaser MJ
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Citrobacter rodentium drug effects, Citrobacter rodentium pathogenicity, Colitis microbiology, Colon drug effects, Colon microbiology, Colon pathology, Disease Susceptibility chemically induced, Female, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Colitis chemically induced, Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Long Term Adverse Effects chemically induced
- Abstract
Early-life antibiotic exposure may provoke long-lasting microbiota perturbation. Since a healthy gut microbiota confers resistance to enteric pathogens, we hypothesized that early-life antibiotic exposure would worsen the effects of a bacterial infection encountered as an adult. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice received a 5-day course of tylosin (macrolide), amoxicillin (β-lactam), or neither (control) early in life and were challenged with Citrobacter rodentium up to 80 days thereafter. The early-life antibiotic course led to persistent alterations in the intestinal microbiota and even with pathogen challenge 80 days later worsened the subsequent colitis. Compared to exposure to amoxicillin, exposure to tylosin led to greater disease severity and microbiota perturbation. Transferring the antibiotic-perturbed microbiota to germfree animals led to worsened colitis, indicating that the perturbed microbiota was sufficient for the increased disease susceptibility. These experiments highlight the long-term effects of early-life antibiotic exposure on susceptibility to acquired pathogens. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal microbiota protects hosts from enteric infections; while antibiotics, by altering the microbiota, may diminish this protection. We show that after early-life exposure to antibiotics host susceptibility to enhanced Citrobacter rodentium -induced colitis is persistent and that this enhanced disease susceptibility is transferable by the antibiotic-altered microbiota. These results strongly suggest that early-life antibiotics have long-term consequences on the gut microbiota and enteropathogen infection susceptibility., (Copyright © 2019 Roubaud-Baudron et al.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Short-medium-long-term efficacy of interdisciplinary intervention against overweight and obesity: Randomized controlled clinical trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Armero-Barranco D, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Sole-Agusti M, Ruiz-Sánchez A, and Gómez-Marín J
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity physiopathology, Overweight physiopathology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Weight Loss, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Exercise, Obesity prevention & control, Overweight prevention & control, Practice Patterns, Nurses'
- Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-led interdisciplinary programme based on healthy eating, physical exercise, and cognitive behavioural therapy applied to anthropometric and cardiovascular measures, which are related to obesity in short, medium, and long term., Methods: We conducted a randomised controlled clinical trial with 74 obese and overweight participants (experimental group, n = 37; control group, n = 37). An interdisciplinary programme of 12 months was applied and coordinated by a nurse. Anthropometric and cardiovascular measures were taken at the pretest stage, every 6 months during the programme, and 1 year after it finished., Results: A beneficial effect was found regarding all anthropometric parameters. Tests for weight (F
3;207 = 93.27; P < .001) and body mass index (F3;207 = 89.95; P < .001) indicate efficacy of intervention: The experimental group had a weight loss of 7.2 kg (-8.3%) compared to a 0.9 kg (+1.0%) gained in the control group. Systolic (F3;207 = 37.06; P < .001) and diastolic (F3;216 = 57.31; P < .001) blood pressure improved greatly in the experimental group. Forced vital capacity was also increased (F2;138 = 15.51; P < .001)., Conclusion: The interdisciplinary programme coordinated by nurses improved the health of participants, maintaining long-term effects., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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21. Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity.
- Author
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Zhang XS, Li J, Krautkramer KA, Badri M, Battaglia T, Borbet TC, Koh H, Ng S, Sibley RA, Li Y, Pathmasiri W, Jindal S, Shields-Cutler RR, Hillmann B, Al-Ghalith GA, Ruiz VE, Livanos A, van 't Wout AB, Nagalingam N, Rogers AB, Sumner SJ, Knights D, Denu JM, Li H, Ruggles KV, Bonneau R, Williamson RA, Rauch M, and Blaser MJ
- Subjects
- Adaptive Immunity drug effects, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 microbiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 pathology, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Ileum immunology, Ileum microbiology, Immunity, Innate immunology, Intestines microbiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Microbiota drug effects, Microbiota immunology, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Immunity, Innate drug effects
- Abstract
The early-life intestinal microbiota plays a key role in shaping host immune system development. We found that a single early-life antibiotic course (1PAT) accelerated type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in male NOD mice. The single course had deep and persistent effects on the intestinal microbiome, leading to altered cecal, hepatic, and serum metabolites. The exposure elicited sex-specific effects on chromatin states in the ileum and liver and perturbed ileal gene expression, altering normal maturational patterns. The global signature changes included specific genes controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. Microbiome analysis revealed four taxa each that potentially protect against or accelerate T1D onset, that were linked in a network model to specific differences in ileal gene expression. This simplified animal model reveals multiple potential pathways to understand pathogenesis by which early-life gut microbiome perturbations alter a global suite of intestinal responses, contributing to the accelerated and enhanced T1D development., Competing Interests: XZ, JL, KK, MB, TB, TB, HK, SN, RS, YL, WP, SJ, RS, BH, GA, VR, AL, Av, NN, AR, SS, DK, JD, HL, KR, RB, RW, MR, MB No competing interests declared, (© 2018, Zhang et al.)
- Published
- 2018
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22. Effectiveness of the I 2 AO 2 interdisciplinary programme led by nurses on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a randomized, controlled trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Solé-Agustí M, Ruiz-Sánchez A, Gómez-Marín J, and Armero-Barranco D
- Subjects
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases nursing, Community Health Centers, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome nursing, Middle Aged, Nurse's Role, Obesity nursing, Patient Care Team, Preventive Health Services, Program Evaluation, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, Health Promotion, Metabolic Syndrome therapy, Obesity therapy
- Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary programme led by nurses in relation to metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methods This randomized, controlled, clinical trial included 74 patients diagnosed with MS (experimental group [EG], n = 37; control group [CG], n = 37). The intervention consisted of a 12-month interdisciplinary programme (pre-test, 6 months of intervention, 12 months of intervention, and 1-year follow-up post-intervention) coordinated by nursing. Results We found a progressive and significant reduction for all clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters analysed at different time points. In the EG, remission of MS by 48.1% in the short term was observed (83.8% in the medium term) and maintained at 1 year post-intervention. In the CG, the prevalence of MS increased by 2.7% from the initial evaluation to study completion. A similar trend was observed for CVR. In the EG, 100% of subjects had a moderate-low risk of CVR at 1 year post-intervention, whereas the CG had CVR in all categories. Conclusion An interdisciplinary, nurse-led programme improves participants' metabolic and cardiovascular health, while maintaining long-term effects. Our findings suggest an important role of the professional nurse as a nexus between the patient, different professionals, and the community.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Impact of the I 2 AO 2 interdisciplinary program led by nursing on psychological comorbidity and quality of life: Randomized controlled clinical trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Solé-Agustí M, Ruiz-Sánchez A, Gómez-Marín J, and Armero-Barranco D
- Subjects
- Adult, Depression psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Anxiety prevention & control, Comorbidity, Obesity therapy, Psychiatric Nursing, Quality of Life psychology
- Abstract
Objective: Obesity is an entity of highly prevalent multifactorial origin with associated metabolic and psychological comorbidity, causing a negative impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it. The objective is to evaluate the impact of an interdisciplinary program for nurse-led obesity on quality of life related to health and anxiety., Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial with a sample of 74 subjects diagnosed with obesity (EG: n=37; CG: n=37). The intervention consisted of a 12-month interdisciplinary program (with pre-test, 12month and 24month follow-up) coordinated by nurses., Results: The anxiety analysis shows that there is no effect of the intervention on S-STAI (F2; 144=0.246; p=0.782), which has increased in both groups. However, there is an effect on T-STAI (F2; 144=8872; p<0.001), which only increases in the control group. The interdisciplinary program has significantly improved health-related quality of life (SF-36), both in physical health parameters as well as in mental health., Conclusion: The interdisciplinary program led by nursing professionals has improved the quality of life related to health and has prevented the increase of anxiety-trait in participants, maintaining the long-term effects., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Intergenerational transfer of antibiotic-perturbed microbiota enhances colitis in susceptible mice.
- Author
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Schulfer AF, Battaglia T, Alvarez Y, Bijnens L, Ruiz VE, Ho M, Robinson S, Ward T, Cox LM, Rogers AB, Knights D, Sartor RB, and Blaser MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Colitis chemically induced, Colon immunology, Colon microbiology, Colon pathology, Diet, High-Fat, Disease Models, Animal, Dysbiosis chemically induced, Dysbiosis microbiology, Feces microbiology, Female, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases chemically induced, Interleukin-10, Metagenome drug effects, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Colitis microbiology, Disease Susceptibility microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Antibiotic exposure in children has been associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antibiotic use in children or in their pregnant mother can affect how the intestinal microbiome develops, so we asked whether the transfer of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota from mothers to their children could affect their risk of developing IBD. Here we demonstrate that germ-free adult pregnant mice inoculated with a gut microbial community shaped by antibiotic exposure transmitted their perturbed microbiota to their offspring with high fidelity. Without any direct or continued exposure to antibiotics, this dysbiotic microbiota in the offspring remained distinct from controls for at least 21 weeks. By using both IL-10-deficient and wild-type mothers, we showed that both inoculum and genotype shape microbiota populations in the offspring. Because IL10
-/- mice are genetically susceptible to colitis, we could assess the risk due to maternal transmission of an antibiotic-perturbed microbiota. We found that the IL10-/- offspring that had received the perturbed gut microbiota developed markedly increased colitis. Taken together, our findings indicate that antibiotic exposure shaping the maternal gut microbiota has effects that extend to the offspring, with both ecological and long-term disease consequences.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A single early-in-life macrolide course has lasting effects on murine microbial network topology and immunity.
- Author
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Ruiz VE, Battaglia T, Kurtz ZD, Bijnens L, Ou A, Engstrand I, Zheng X, Iizumi T, Mullins BJ, Müller CL, Cadwell K, Bonneau R, Perez-Perez GI, and Blaser MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Ileum drug effects, Ileum immunology, Immunoglobulin A metabolism, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tylosin administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Immune System drug effects, Tylosin pharmacology
- Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children. Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences. Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression. A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression. Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology. Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.High or multiple doses of macrolide antibiotics, when given early in life, can perturb the metabolic and immunological development of lab mice. Here, Ruiz et al. show that even a single macrolide course, given early in life, leads to long-lasting changes in the gut microbiota and immune system of mice.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Armero-Barranco D, Xandri-Graupera JM, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Solé-Agustí M, and Mulero J
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Spain, Treatment Outcome, Gastric Bypass psychology, Metabolic Syndrome psychology, Metabolic Syndrome surgery, Obesity, Morbid psychology, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for gastric bypass, displaying better results for metabolic disorders than other surgical procedures over the long term. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bariatric surgery, in particular the RYGB technique, on metabolic syndrome (MS) and other biochemical parameters implicit in the comorbid conditions associated with obesity, as well as to explore the influence of this surgical procedure on psychiatric comorbidity in the study population., Method: An observational retrospective cohort study based on 146 clinical records of patients having undergone RYGB between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2014, was performed. Data related to metabolic and psychiatric comorbidity were gathered at three stages: prior to surgery and at 3 and 9 months following surgery., Results: There was a progressive and statistically significant reduction of all biochemical parameters analyzed at 3 and 9 months following surgery except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which significantly increased (beneficial) in value. These changes imply a remission of >90% for all metabolic disorders and the consequent tendency toward a reduction in prescribed pharmacological treatments, with MS found in only one subject at 9 months. There was, however, no significant reduction in pharmacological treatments for psychiatric comorbidities., Conclusion: Findings suggest that RYGB is an effective treatment for MS and other metabolic disorders but not for psychiatric comorbidities accompanying MS.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Short-term UV-B exposure induces metabolic and anatomical changes in peel of harvested lemons contributing in fruit protection against green mold.
- Author
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Ruiz VE, Interdonato R, Cerioni L, Albornoz P, Ramallo J, Prado FE, Hilal M, and Rapisarda VA
- Subjects
- Citrus microbiology, Phenols analysis, Plant Diseases, Citrus radiation effects, Penicillium radiation effects, Ultraviolet Rays
- Abstract
UV-B radiation (UVBR) is a small fraction of the solar spectrum from 280 to 315nm. UVBR produces photomorphogenic acclimation responses in plants, modulating their cellular structure and physiology. Here, changes in the peel of harvested lemons after short time exposure to UVBR were analyzed and its potential effects against fungal infection were studied. In the flavedo, UVBR treatment induced variations in the respiratory profiles and increased the phenolic compound contents. Final products of the flavonoid pathway (flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins) increased more markedly than their precursors (flavanones and dihydroflavonols). The increased accumulation of soluble phenolics in the flavedo of treated lemons is associated with the high antioxidant activity found in the flavedo of these samples. Supporting the biochemical determinations, anatomical observations showed abundant intravacuolar deposits of phenolic compounds and an increase in the cell wall thickness in UVBR-treated samples. Metabolic and anatomical modifications associated to UVBR improved natural defenses against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold disease. Our results suggest that mature postharvest lemons exposed to the artificial radiation showed phenotypic plasticity, allowing an acclimation response to UVBR which confers fruit resistance to pathogens. Thus, combination of UVBR with other treatments could represent an important improvement to control postharvest diseases on citrus., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Metabolic and metagenomic outcomes from early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment.
- Author
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Nobel YR, Cox LM, Kirigin FF, Bokulich NA, Yamanishi S, Teitler I, Chung J, Sohn J, Barber CM, Goldfarb DS, Raju K, Abubucker S, Zhou Y, Ruiz VE, Li H, Mitreva M, Alekseyenko AV, Weinstock GM, Sodergren E, and Blaser MJ
- Subjects
- Amoxicillin administration & dosage, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Energy Metabolism physiology, Feces chemistry, Female, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Male, Metagenomics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Transcriptome, Tylosin administration & dosage, Aging, Amoxicillin pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Tylosin pharmacology
- Abstract
Mammalian species have co-evolved with intestinal microbial communities that can shape development and adapt to environmental changes, including antibiotic perturbation or nutrient flux. In humans, especially children, microbiota disruption is common, yet the dynamic microbiome recovery from early-life antibiotics is still uncharacterized. Here we use a mouse model mimicking paediatric antibiotic use and find that therapeutic-dose pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) with a beta-lactam or macrolide alters both host and microbiota development. Early-life PAT accelerates total mass and bone growth, and causes progressive changes in gut microbiome diversity, population structure and metagenomic content, with microbiome effects dependent on the number of courses and class of antibiotic. Whereas control microbiota rapidly adapts to a change in diet, PAT slows the ecological progression, with delays lasting several months with previous macrolide exposure. This study identifies key markers of disturbance and recovery, which may help provide therapeutic targets for microbiota restoration following antibiotic treatment.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Helicobacter pylori: the balance between a role as colonizer and pathogen.
- Author
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Otero LL, Ruiz VE, and Perez Perez GI
- Subjects
- Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Humans, Stomach Neoplasms microbiology, Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology, Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity, Microbiota physiology
- Abstract
The isolation of Helicobacter pylori from the human stomach produced significant changes in how gastroenterologists, immunologists, epidemiologists, pathologists and microbiologists have approached gastro-duodenal diseases in the last half of the XX century. However, research of this organism has progressed greatly in the first decade of this century, evidence suggest that H. pylori is associated with disease only in humans older than 40 years, while, the lack of H. pylori colonization is associated with the emergence of new diseases, particularly in younger individuals. These differing effects of H. pylori colonization have created two contrasting concepts: the 'bad' and the 'good' Helicobacter. Following from renewed interest in the normal human microbiome, we need to reconsider our definitions and perhaps recognize that H. pylori might be a normal member of the human gastric microbiome in ancient humans that gradually, as results of the improvement in our environment, is disappearing., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in an urban area of Murcia].
- Author
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Fernández-Ruiz VE, Paniagua-Urbano JA, Solé-Agustí M, Ruiz-Sánchez A, and Gómez-Marín J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Spain epidemiology, Urban Population, Young Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: It is extensive scientific literature that has defined the metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease., Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in the population of a basic health area of Murcia., Methods: Cross sectional study population of the district health "The Esparragal" random sample of the population between 18 and 86 years living in the area. Personal history were collected and held a relevant clinical, anthropometric data and analytics for the estimation of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk following criteria dictated by the current literature, adjusted for sex and age., Results: The mean age of the study population was 59.34 ± 14.79 years, with 52.5% males. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome criteria World Health Organization is presented 36.8%, a figure increased under International Diabetes Ferderation recommendations to 58.2% and according to National Cholesterol Education Program, an estimated 53.5%. The presentation of this syndrome is slightly higher in men (54.1 versus 52.8 %), and in parallel with increasing age (p < 0.001). The prevalence of people at high risk of cardiovascular disease is 32.1 % (95 % CI 29.4 to 34.8), with 45.2 % (95% CI 41.2 to 49.2) in men and 17.6% (95% CI 14.4 to 20.8) in women., Discussion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in the study population is the highest found in Spain in population studies, indicating an invaluable population on which preventive measures., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Isolating, immunophenotyping and ex vivo stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ gastric lymphocytes during murine Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Author
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Ruiz VE, Sachdev M, Zhang S, Wen S, and Moss SF
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies immunology, Antibodies pharmacology, CD3 Complex immunology, CD3 Complex metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Cell Separation, Cell Survival immunology, Cells, Cultured, Collagenases metabolism, Flow Cytometry, Forkhead Transcription Factors immunology, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism, Helicobacter Infections metabolism, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Interferon-gamma immunology, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Interleukin-17 immunology, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Ionomycin pharmacology, Leukocyte Common Antigens immunology, Leukocyte Common Antigens metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Stomach immunology, Stomach microbiology, Stomach pathology, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Helicobacter Infections immunology, Helicobacter pylori immunology, Immunophenotyping methods
- Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with severe chronic inflammation, yet the host immune response is rarely able to clear the bacterium. Thymus derived lymphocyte populations such as T helper 1, T helper 17, and T regulatory cells are known to play important roles in the chronicity of H. pylori infection as well as contributing to ongoing gastric pathology. It is yet to be established how these immune cell populations interact in the gastric environment during H. pylori infection. Mouse models of infection offer an opportunity to investigate these interactions in detail. Flow cytometric analysis provides excellent lymphocyte characterization due to its high specificity, sensitivity and potential to perform multiple simultaneous measurements. However, this requires a viable enriched single cell suspension after adequate tissue dissociation, which poses a challenge due to the heterogeneity of gastric tissue. We have evaluated several isolation techniques and have optimized a protocol to isolate and enrich lymphocytes from the H. pylori-infected murine stomach. EDTA/DTT followed by Collagenase IV digestion successfully dissociates an average of 1 × 10⁷ cells per mouse. Further enrichment using Lympholyte M gradient yields on average 4 × 106 CD45+ lymphocytes per stomach. Following isolation we compared lymphocyte stimulation by CD3/CD28, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin or H. pylori lysate and determined that CD3/CD28 effectively induces stimulation of IFNγ and IL 17A, but impairs Foxp3 expression. Using an optimized protocol we observed a 2-fold increase of CD8+ IFNγ-expressing lymphocytes localized specifically to the gastric compartment during H. pylori infection. The mechanisms of H. pylori immunopathogenesis are still considered enigmatic, therefore this optimized protocol can help delineate further novel immune cell targets that mediate H. pylori-induced pathology and identify the correlates of immunity for vaccine development., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma.
- Author
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Kim SS, Ruiz VE, Carroll JD, and Moss SF
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma microbiology, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, DNA Damage, Disease Progression, Genome, Bacterial, Genomics, Humans, Inflammation, Lymphoma virology, Oxidative Stress, Helicobacter pylori metabolism, Lymphoma microbiology, Stomach Neoplasms microbiology
- Abstract
Chronic gastric infection by the gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of distal gastric carcinoma and gastric mucosal lymphoma in humans. Eradication of H. pylori with combination antibiotic therapy cures most cases of gastric lymphoma and slows progression to gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori promotes gastric neoplasia, principally via the induction of an intense gastric inflammatory response that lasts over decades. This persistent inflammatory state produces chronic oxidative stress and adaptive changes in gastric epithelial and immune cell pathobiology that in a minority of infected subjects eventually proceeds to frank neoplastic transformation., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. [Distal stenosis of the esophagus caused by embryonic remnants of tracheobronchial tissue (chondro-epithelial choristoma). Report of a patient].
- Author
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Ortiz Nolasco A, Gutiérrez Ruiz VE, García Garduño JR, and Vaca González R
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Esophageal Neoplasms etiology, Humans, Male, Bronchi, Choristoma complications, Esophageal Neoplasms complications, Esophageal Stenosis congenital, Trachea
- Published
- 1987
34. [Duodenal ulcer in children].
- Author
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Ortiz Nolasco A, García Garduño JR, Gutiérrez Ruiz VE, and Austria Mireles R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Duodenoscopy, Female, Humans, Male, Duodenal Ulcer diagnosis
- Published
- 1984
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