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Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have replaced conventional radiography in the study of many spinal conditions, it is essential to know when these techniques are indicated instead of or as complementary tests to radiography, which findings can be expected in different clinical settings, and their significance in the diagnosis of different spinal conditions. Proper use of CT and MRI in spinal disorders may facilitate diagnosis and management of spinal conditions. An adequate clinical approach, a good understanding of the pathological manifestations demonstrated by these imaging techniques and a comprehensive report based on a universally accepted nomenclature represent the indispensable tools to improve the diagnostic approach and the decision-making process in patients with spinal pain. Several guidelines are available to assist clinicians in ordering appropriate imaging techniques to achieve an accurate diagnosis and to ensure appropriate medical care that meets the efficacy and safety needs of patients. This article reviews the clinical indications of CT and MRI in different pathologic conditions affecting the spine, including congenital, traumatic, degenerative, inflammatory, infectious and tumor disorders, as well as their main imaging features. It is intended to be a pictorial guide to clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal disorders.

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: To detect risk factors on CT and radiography for the collapse of osteoporotic vertebral...

Reducción alta, La presentación de fenómenos isquémicos en patología renal y su asociación con cambios bioquímicos bien definidos se han revisado en la presente tesis, en la cual ha quedado, a nuestro juicio, demostrada la virtualidad de la hr en el diagnostico de la isquémia renal experimental y se han destacado sus aportaciones con respecto a los suministrados por otros procedimientos espectroscópicos, así como la posibilidad de presunción de fallo renal, su naturaleza y su carácter reversible o irreversible. Los hallazgos encontrados permiten suponer que es posible someter a revisión los esquemas diagnósticos vigentes e, igualmente, permite sostener la tesis de que, en el futuro, será posible describir las situaciones de enfermedad no solo mediante imágenes morfológicas alteradas o modificaciones cuantitativas de ciertos indicadores de función, sino también mediante la demostración en el órgano o tejido enfermo, de metabólitos diversos cuya presencia en el mismo haga presumir no solo la naturaleza sino también la severidad de la enfermedad., Univ. de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. Review the role of different imaging methods (radiography, CT and MRI) classifying and quantifying severity of thoracolumbar fractures. 2. Review the radiologic features that permit differentiate stable from unstable fractures. 3- Establish an...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of knee intraarticular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with osteoarthritis comparing clinical outcome, cartilage damage and T2 mapping...

We present the uncommon case of a subcutaneous fascia-based extramedullary plasmacytoma in the leg, which was confirmed by the pathology report and followed up until its remission. We report the differential diagnosis with other more common soft tissue masses. Imaging findings are nonspecific but are important to determine the tumour extension and to plan the biopsy.

Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusions Personal Information References, Learning objectives: 1. To know the indications of radiofrequency thermal ablation and cementation in bone tumors or tumor like lesions. 2. To describe both techniques, the follow-up of treated cases, results and...

Revisión bibliográfica. Investigación en diagnóstico por la imagen, En este trabajo se ha hecho una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre el dolor lumbar, las causas del mismo, su diagnostico por imagen, el tratamiento general del dolor lumbar, y por ultimo nos hemos centrado en las técnicas intervencionistas guiadas por TC, que se pueden realizar para el manejo del dolor lumbar, dentro del ámbito de la radiología musculoesquelética, en colaboración multidisciplinar con otras especialidades que manejan el dolor lumbar. La búsqueda bibliográfica se ha realizado en la base de datos PubMed y los criterios de búsqueda han sido; Low back pain, facet joint syndrome, Computed Tomogrphy, Magnetic resonance Imaging, Spine, epidural injections, rhizolysis, vertebroplasty., Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física. Máster Avances en Radiología diagnóstica y terapéutica y medicina física, curso 2012-2013

This extended review tries to cover the imaging findings of the wide range of shoulder injuries secondary to shoulder joint instability. Usefulness of the different imaging methods is stressed, including radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance. The main topics to be covered include traumatic, atraumatic and minor instability syndromes. Radiography may show bone abnormalities associated to instability, including developmental and post-traumatic changes. CT is the best technique depicting and quantifying skeletal changes. MR-arthrography is the main tool in diagnosing the shoulder instability injuries.

This article describes different types of vertebral fractures that affect the thoracolumbar spine and the most relevant contributions of the different classification systems to vertebral fracture management. The vertebral fractures types are based on the three columns model of Denis that includes compression, burst, flexion-distraction and fracture-dislocation types. The most recent classifications systems of these types of fractures are reviewed, including the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (TLICS) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (AOSpine-TLICS). Correct classification requires a quantitative imaging approach in which several measurements determine TLICS or AOSpine-TLICS grade. If the TLICS score is greater than 4, or the AOSpine-TLICS is greater than 5, surgical management is indicated. In this review, the most important imaging findings and measurements on radiography, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described. These include degree of vertebral wedging and percentage of vertebral height loss in compression fractures, degree of interpedicular distance widening and spinal canal stenosis in burst fractures, and the degree of vertebral translation or interspinous widening in more severe fractures types, such as flexion-distraction and fracture-dislocation. These findings and measurements are illustrated with schemes and cases of our archives in a didactic way.

RESUMEN Desde hace tiempo ha surgido una nueva dirección en la investigación del cáncer que se centra en la relación entre: - Radiómica: se basa en convertir las imágenes médicas a una dimensión superior de datos para crear una hipótesis y mejorar el soporte diagnóstico, pronóstico y previsión de respuesta a tratamientos - Radiogenómica o genómica de imágenes: basada en que las imágenes biomédicas son producto de una alteración molecular y genética a nivel celular. Como tal, los parámetros de imagen derivados del procesamiento y análisis de imágenes avanzados pueden reflejar las bases moleculares y genotípicas del tejido tumoral. En oncología, la radiogenómica puede permitir una caracterización y comprensión más profundas de la biología del tumor en su totalidad, incluida la captura de la heterogeneidad intrínseca del tumor que puede impulsar el desarrollo del tumor. El objetivo de la radiogenómica es desarrollar biomarcadores de imágenes que incorporen características fenotípicas y genotípicas que puedan predecir el riesgo y los resultados del paciente y, por lo tanto, estratificar a los pacientes según riesgos, para una atención terapéutica más precisa. Pero, por otro lado, hasta ahora, la mayoría de los estudios disponibles de radiómica y radiogenómica, son retrospectivos y presentan cohortes de pacientes pequeños y las conclusiones que pueden extraerse son algo limitadas para la práctica clínica. Se han realizado investigaciones con diferentes tipos de cáncer siendo las más relevantes: 1) En cáncer de mama: Se ha evidenciado el potencial de asociación entre el tipo de realce en las secuencias dinámincas de la resonancia magnética con contraste de mama y los subtipos moleculares Luminal A, Luminal B y Oncotype DX. 2) En el cáncer de pulmón se ha observado correlación entre los fenotipos moleculares relacionados con la mutación del EGFR (receptor factor crecimiento epidérmico) y algunos hallazgos de imagen en tomografía computarizada. 3) Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): han permitido una predicción clínica y molecular no invasiva., In recent years, a new direction in cancer research has emerged that focuses on the relationship between: -Radiomics refers to the conversion of digital medical images to higher dimensional data and the subsequent mining for hypothesis generation and/or testing and ultimately an improved decision support -The principle of radiogenomics is that biomedical images are the product of processes occurring at the genetic and molecular level. As such, imaging parameters derived from advanced image processing and analysis can reflect the underlying molecular and genotypic basis of the tissue in oncology, radiogenomics can enable a deeper characterization and understanding of tumor biology in its entirety, including capturing the intrinsic tumor heterogeneity that can drive tumor development The goal of radiogenomics is to develop imaging biomarkers incorporating both phenotypic and genotypic metrics that can predict risk and patient outcomes and thereby better stratify patients for more precise therapeutic care. On the other hand, most of the available, radiogenomics and radiomics studies, are retrospective and feature small patient cohorts (< 100), and therefore the conclusions that can be drawn are somewhat limited for clinical practice. Radiogenomic approaches in breast cancer, it has been showed the potential association between imaging and genomics by discovering a relationship between semi-automatically extracted imaging features describing MRI enhancement dynamics with Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes and Oncotype DX. In lung cancer have showed a correlation between molecular phenotypes, EGFR mutation, and some imaging traits in lung computed tomography. In GBM have the potential to predict clinical and molecular characteristics of tumors noninvasively, Universidad de Granada., Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Cirugía y sus Especialidades. Leída el 7 de septiembre de 2011

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas. Leída el 13 de junio de 2005

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física. Leída el 26 de febrero de 2008