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Syringa pubescens Turcz is commonly used folk medicinal herb in west of Henan Province of China. In this work, water and various concentration of methanol, ethanol and acetone in water were used as solvent to extract echinacoside and oleuropein from S. pubescens. The antioxidant properties of different extracts were evaluated using various in vitro assays. The highest yields of echinacoside and oleuropein were obtained by using the 60% aqueous methanol and 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. The extracts of water, aqueous ethanol or methanol showed strong antioxidant abilities. Furthermore, the high correlation between echinacoside content and antioxidant properties was found. The contribution of oleuropein content was not significant to antioxidant abilities. These findings indicate that S. pubescens can be used as a new natural antioxidant resource.

Edible oil provides essential nutrients for human body and plays a very important role in human health. Looking for edible oil resource plants with high content and high-quality oil plays an important role in ensuring the adequate supply of edible oil. Peony seeds oil (PSO) was approved as a new resource food and became an edible vegetable oil for its rich content of fatty acids, total unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In addition, PSO also contains high contents of squalene, tocopherol, phytosterol and plant polyphenol. PSO has been reported to present various health benefits including antioxidation, blood lipid reduction, hepatoprotection, immunity regulation, blood sugar control, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic activity, therapeutic effects on scald, uvioresistant effects and so on. Toxicity studies showed PSO had great safety without any toxic and side effects, and could be processed to produce PSO microcapsule, microemulsion, nanoemulsion gel, biscuit, daily chemical products, soft capsule and other high value-added-products. Therefore, the present article aims to summarize the research findings regarding to the nutritional and phytochemistry profiles, the extraction methods, health benefits, safety and the high value-added-products of PSO. These informations laid a good foundation for the in-depth research and development of PSO, and also proved that PSO was a high-quality edible vegetable oil with health value. With the deepening of research, the studies on PSO will be more and more comprehensive. It believes that PSO will become an important functional edible oil, and will be more widely used as an important functional food and linolenic acid supplement.

Background The specific and dynamic interaction between the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of morbilliviruses is a prerequisite for the conformational rearrangements and membrane fusion during infection process. The two heptad repeat regions (HRA and HRB) of F protein are both important for the triggering of F protein. Methods In this study, the direct interactions of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) H with F, HRA and HRB were quantitatively evaluated using biosensor surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results The binding affinities of immobilized pCMV-HA-H (HA-H) interacted with proteins pCMV-HA-F (HA-F) and pCMV-HA-HRB (HA-HRB) (KD = 1.91 × 10− 8 M and 2.60 × 10− 7 M, respectively) reacted an order of magnitude more strongly than that of pCMV-HA-HRA (HA-HRA) and pCMV-HA-Tp IGFR-LD (HA) (KD = 1.08 × 10− 4 M and 1.43 × 10− 4 M, respectively). Conclusions The differences of the binding affinities suggested that HRB is involved in functionally important intermolecular interaction in the fusion process.

Enzyme-mediated cascade reaction is applied to amplify signal and decrease the background because enzyme can catalyze inactive substrates into active substrates to generate the signal. In this work, Au nanoparticles, as signal probe, are used to load DNA probe and ALP for dual signal amplification. Based on enzyme-mediated cascade reaction, a homogeneous biosensor is constructed for bioassay by employing thrombin as target molecule. When the target is present in the solution, ALP catalyzes the PPi into Pi and then reacts with molybdate in conjunction with Pi in the DNA backbone to produce redox precipitates on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide modified electrode with the help of magnetic separation. Compared with the conventional heterogeneous biosensor, the immobilization-free strategy, proposed in this homogeneous biosensor, improves the sensitivity because of its lower steric hindrance. As a result, this biosensor displayed a great sensitivity with a wide linear range from 1 fM to 10 nM and a detection limit of 0.26 fM, providing a promise and easy operating method for various proteins detection.

An efficient method for preparing a series of polysubstituted cyclopentenones from TIPS-vinylketenes and Köbrich reagent has been developed in this paper. Additionally, highly substituted cyclopentenones can be prepared via [4+1] reaction of TIPS-vinylketenes with tert-butyl isocyanide and there is a remarkable preference for formation of products with an exocyclic (Z)-imine moiety.

A number of indenes have been prepared in good yields by treating o-bromobenzyl zinc bromide 1 with various terminal and internal alkynes in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The nickel-catalyzed carboannulation reaction was successfully extended to the synthesis of indane derivatives by reaction of 1 with acrylates and styrene.

For covering huge lands, damaging vegetation, changing natural landscape, destroying wildlife habitat and so on, highway construction has great influence on the ecological environment. In order to make highway construction compatible with resources, environment and social economy, analysis and evaluation of the impact of highways on the ecological environment are necessary. Based on the six main types of lands, the impacts of highway construction on the environment were expounded by the Eco-footprint Analysis method which can measure the degree of sustainable development. Changes in the eco-footprint and eco-capacity before and after the Mianyang highway construction were calculated. The results, which can provide a decision-making basis for the government, show that: after highway construction, eco-footprint increases by 0.017140 hm² per person, eco-capacity declines by 0.005778 hm² per person and eco-deficit increases by 0.022918 hm² per person; eco-footprint per cap is below the global average, and pasture and fossil energy land are in the situation of ecological deficit while arable land, forest, water and built-up areas are eco-productive lands. The results of the analysis show that the highway construction has an impact on the eco-deficit of Mianyang City, and eco-environment development of Mianyang City after the highway construction is still well.

To study the chemical constituents of Phlomis umbrosa.Chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography (Toyopearl HW-40C and preparative HPLC). The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis.Thirteen compounds were identified as oleanolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), hederagenin (3), arjunolic acid (4), belleric acid (5), 3beta-hydroxy-29-al-12-en-28-oleanoic acid (6), butyrospermol (7), beta-sitosterol (8), daucosterol (9), caffeic acid (10), vanillic acid (11), p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (12), 3, 4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (13).Compounds 3 9, 11-13 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

A number of indenes have been prepared in good yields by treating o-bromobenzyl zinc bromide 1 with various terminal and internal alkynes in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The nickel-catalyzed carboannulation reaction was successfully extended to the synthesis of indane derivatives by reaction of 1 with acrylates and styrene.

An efficient method for preparing a series of polysubstituted cyclopentenones from TIPS-vinylketenes and Kobrich reagent has been developed in this paper. Additionally, highly substituted cyclopentenones can be prepared via [4+1] reaction of TIPS-vinylketenes with tert-butyl isocyanide and there is a remarkable preference for formation of products with an exocyclic (Z)-imine moiety.