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BackgroundThis study aims to examine the association between gut microbe-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, and carnitine) levels and mild cognition impairment (MCI), alongside changes in the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (ΔMoCA-BC) score in rural adults.MethodsDrawing data from a large-scale epidemiological study conducted in rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China. 1,535 participants free from brain-related ailments were initially surveyed. MCI was assessed through the MoCA-BC score. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to investigate the association between TMAO and its precursors levels and MCI. Additionally, the association between TMAO and its precursors levels and ΔMoCA-BC was analyzed using a generalized linear model in the longitudinal study.ResultsThe average age of the study participants was 58.6 ± 9.4 years and the prevalence rate of MCI was 34.5%. With the second quartile as the reference in the logistic regression model, the OR for risk of MCI in the highest quartile for TMAO, betaine, and carnitine was 1.685 (95% CI: 1.232–2.303, p = 0.001), 2.367 (95% CI: 1.722–3.255, p

Abstract Over the past decades, considerable development and improvement can be observed in the area of the ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) for biosensing applications. The mature semiconductor industry provides a solid foundation for the commercialization of the ISFET‐based sensors and extensive research has been conducted to improve the performance of ISFET, with a special research focus on the materials, device structures, and readout topologies. In this review, the basic theories and mechanisms of ISFET are first introduced. Research on ISFET gate materials is reviewed, followed by a summary of typical gate structures and signal readout methods for the ISFET sensing system. After that, a variety of biosensing applications including ions, deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and microbes are presented. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the ISFET‐based biosensors are discussed.

We propose and numerically demonstrate a microfluid-enabled spin-selective chiral metasurface with tunable circular dichroism. The chiral metasurface consists of periodic array of gammadion-like multilayer nanostructures. With the help of microfluidic technology, fine tuning of circular dichroism from the chiral metasurface can be achieved. Numerical results show that a broad tuning range of 40 nm can be achieved, while the circular dichroism only shows a slight decrease. Such a proposed device could be potentially useful for chirality detection, polarimetric imaging, and spin-communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]