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1. Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology

Author

Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C.L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G.M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N.V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., Bedford, Saashi A., Ruigrok, Amber, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Taylor, Margot, Nicolson, Rob, Stelios, Georgiades, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Kelley, Elizabeth, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Courchesne, Eric, Pierce, Karen, Eyler, Lisa T., Campbell, Kathleen, Barnes, Cynthia Carter, Seidlitz, Jakob, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., and Bethlehem, Richard A.I.

Published
2024
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2. Recommendations for a Better Understanding of Sex and Gender in the Neuroscience of Mental Health

Author

Wierenga, Lara Marise, Ruigrok, Amber, Aksnes, Eira Ranheim, Barth, Claudia, Beck, Dani, Burke, Sarah, Crestol, Arielle, van Drunen, Lina, Ferrara, Maria, Galea, Liisa Ann Margaret, Goddings, Anne-Lise, Hausmann, Markus, Homanen, Inka, Klinge, Ineke, de Lange, Ann-Marie, Geelhoed-Ouwerkerk, Lineke, van der Miesen, Anna, Proppert, Ricarda, Rieble, Carlotta, Tamnes, Christian Krog, and Bos, Marieke Geerte Nynke

Published
2024
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3. Differences in Intrinsic Gray Matter Connectivity and Their Genomic Underpinnings in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian F., Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Buitelaar, Jan K., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J.H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, D’ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, Lombardo, Michael V., Loth, Eva, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mason, Luke, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Bast, Nico, Murphy, Declan G.M., Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, San José Cáceres, Antonia, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Tillmann, Julian, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C.R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel P., Leyhausen, Johanna, Schäfer, Tim, Gurr, Caroline, Berg, Lisa M., Seelemeyer, Hanna, Pretzsch, Charlotte M., Floris, Dorothea L., Chatham, Chris, and Murphy, Declan G.

Published
2024
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4. Autism Is Associated With Interindividual Variations of Gray and White Matter Morphology

Author

Buitelaar, Jan K., Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian F., Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J.H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Liogier d’Ardhuy, Xavier, Lombardo, Michael V., Loth, Eva, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mason, Luke, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, Murphy, Declan G.M., Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Rausch, Annika, Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, San José Cáceres, Antonia, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Tillmann, Julian, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C.R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Ilioska, Iva, Mei, Ting, Zwiers, Marcel P., Forde, Natalie J., Floris, Dorothea L., Stones, Richard, Holt, Rosemary J., and Llera, Alberto

Published
2023
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5. Atypical measures of diffusion at the gray‐white matter boundary in autism spectrum disorder in adulthood

Author

Bletsch, Anke, Schäfer, Tim, Mann, Caroline, Andrews, Derek S, Daly, Eileen, Gudbrandsen, Maria, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Dallyn, Robert, Romero‐Garcia, Rafael, Lai, Meng‐Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V, Craig, Michael C, Suckling, John, Bullmore, Edward T, Baron‐Cohen, Simon, Consortium, the MRC AIMS, Murphy, Declan GM, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, and Ecker, Christine

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Autism, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brain, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Gray Matter, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, White Matter, Young Adult, diffusion tensor imaging, multimodal imaging, myelinated and unmyelinated gray matter, superficial white matter, MRC AIMS Consortium, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanied by neuroanatomical differences on the macroscopic and microscopic level. Findings from histological, genetic, and more recently in vivo neuroimaging studies converge in suggesting that neuroanatomical abnormalities, specifically around the gray-white matter (GWM) boundary, represent a crucial feature of ASD. However, no research has yet characterized the GWM boundary in ASD based on measures of diffusion. Here, we registered diffusion tensor imaging data to the structural T1-weighted images of 92 adults with ASD and 92 matched neurotypical controls in order to examine between-group differences and group-by-sex interactions in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity sampled at the GWM boundary, and at different sampling depths within the superficial white and into the gray matter. As hypothesized, we observed atypical diffusion at and around the GWM boundary in ASD, with between-group differences and group-by-sex interactions depending on tissue class and sampling depth. Furthermore, we identified that altered diffusion at the GWM boundary partially (i.e., ~50%) overlapped with atypical gray-white matter tissue contrast in ASD. Our study thus replicates and extends previous work highlighting the GWM boundary as a crucial target of neuropathology in ASD, and guides future work elucidating etiological mechanisms.

Published
2021

6. Medical Symptoms and Conditions in Autistic Women

Author

Simantov, Tslil, Pohl, Alexa, Tsompanidis, Alexandros, Weir, Elizabeth, Lombardo, Michael V, Ruigrok, Amber, Smith, Paula, Allison, Carrie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, and Uzefovsky, Florina

Abstract

The sex bias in autism diagnosis suggests the involvement of sex-specific endocrine mechanisms during prenatal development, but these hormones affect health throughout life. Therefore, the current study examined the association of autism and autistic traits with conditions and symptoms related to the sex-steroid system in adult women. In total, 1230 women (361 autistic), aged 15-77 years, reported on autistic traits and medical history. Medical diagnoses and symptoms were grouped by unsupervised factor analysis, and associations with autism diagnosis and autistic traits were explored. Higher rates of reproductive system diagnoses (odds ratio = 1.035, p = 0.024), prediabetes symptoms (odds ratio = 1.319, p = 0.001), irregular puberty onset (odds ratio = 1.458, p = 0.009), and menstrual length (odds ratio = 1.368, p = 0.034) and lower rates of metabolic and vascular conditions (odds ratio = 0.654, p = 0.013) were associated with diagnosis. Reproductive system diagnoses ([beta] = 0.114, p = 0.000), prediabetes symptoms ([beta] = 0.188, p = 0.000), menstrual length ([beta] = 0.071, p = 0.014), irregular puberty onset ([beta] = 0.149, p = 0.000), excessive menstruation symptoms ([beta] = 0.097, p = 0.003), and hyperandrogenism symptoms ([beta] = 0.062, p = 0.040) were also associated with autistic traits. Many of the conditions and symptoms found to be associated with autism or autistic traits are also related to conditions of steroid hormones and, specifically, the sex-steroid system. The study suggests an important role for steroids in autistic women, beyond prenatal development. Clinical implications are discussed.

Published
2022
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7. 10Kin1day: A Bottom-Up Neuroimaging Initiative

Author

van den Heuvel, Martijn P, Scholtens, Lianne H, van der Burgh, Hannelore K, Agosta, Federica, Alloza, Clara, Arango, Celso, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Basaia, Silvia, Benders, Manon JNL, Beyer, Frauke, Booij, Linda, Braun, Kees PJ, Filho, Geraldo Busatto, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Chan, Sandra SM, Chen, Eric YH, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crone, Eveline A, Dannlowski, Udo, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Dietsche, Bruno, Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Durston, Sarah, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, Emsley, Robin, Filippi, Massimo, Frodl, Thomas, Gorges, Martin, Graff, Beata, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gąsecki, Dariusz, Hall, Julie M, Holleran, Laurena, Holt, Rosemary, Hopman, Helene J, Jansen, Andreas, Janssen, Joost, Jodzio, Krzysztof, Jäncke, Lutz, Kaleda, Vasiliy G, Kassubek, Jan, Masouleh, Shahrzad Kharabian, Kircher, Tilo, Koevoets, Martijn GJC, Kostic, Vladimir S, Krug, Axel, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Edwin HM, Lett, Tristram A, Lewis, Simon JG, Liem, Franziskus, Lombardo, Michael V, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Margulies, Daniel S, Markett, Sebastian, Marques, Paulo, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne L, Menchón, José M, Montag, Christian, Moreira, Pedro S, Morgado, Pedro, Mothersill, David O, Mérillat, Susan, Müller, Hans-Peter, Nabulsi, Leila, Najt, Pablo, Narkiewicz, Krzysztof, Naumczyk, Patrycja, Oranje, Bob, de la Foz, Victor Ortiz-Garcia, Peper, Jiska S, Pineda, Julian A, Rasser, Paul E, Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Reuter, Martin, Rosa, Pedro GP, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Sabisz, Agnieszka, Schall, Ulrich, Seedat, Soraya, Serpa, Mauricio H, Skouras, Stavros, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Sousa, Nuno, Szurowska, Edyta, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Valk, Sofie L, and van den Berg, Leonard H

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Biomedical Imaging, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Neurological, MRI, connectome analysis, diffusion weighted MRI, brain, network, Clinical Sciences, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

We organized 10Kin1day, a pop-up scientific event with the goal to bring together neuroimaging groups from around the world to jointly analyze 10,000+ existing MRI connectivity datasets during a 3-day workshop. In this report, we describe the motivation and principles of 10Kin1day, together with a public release of 8,000+ MRI connectome maps of the human brain.

Published
2019

10. Temporal Profiles of Social Attention Are Different Across Development in Autistic and Neurotypical People

Author

Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian F., Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Lai, Meng-Chuan, D’Ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, Lombardo, Michael V., Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, Murphy, Declan G.M., Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, San José Cáceres, Antonia, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C.R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel P., Del Bianco, Teresa, Mason, Luke, Charman, Tony, Tillman, Julian, Loth, Eva, Hayward, Hannah, Shic, Frederick, Buitelaar, Jan, Johnson, Mark H., and Jones, Emily J.H.

Published
2021
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11. Atypical Brain Asymmetry in Autism—A Candidate for Clinically Meaningful Stratification

Author

Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian F., Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Buitelaar, Jan K., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J.H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Liogier d’Ardhuy, Xavier, Lombardo, Michael V., Loth, Eva, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mason, Luke, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, Murphy, Declan G.M., Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, San José Cáceres, Antonia, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Tillmann, Julian, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C.R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel P., Floris, Dorothea L., Wolfers, Thomas, Zabihi, Mariam, and Holz, Nathalie E.

Published
2021
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12. In Vivo Evidence of Reduced Integrity of the Gray-White Matter Boundary in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Author

Andrews, Derek, Avino, Thomas, Gudbrandsen, Maria, Daly, Eileen, Marquand, Andre, Murphy, Clodagh, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael, Ruigrok, Amber, Williams, Steven, Bullmore, Edward, Suckling, John, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Craig, Michael, Murphy, Declan, and Ecker, Christine

Subjects
ASD, FreeSurfer, MRI, imaging, lamination, Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Functional Laterality, Gray Matter, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, White Matter, Young Adult
Abstract

Atypical cortical organization and reduced integrity of the gray-white matter boundary have been reported by postmortem studies in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there are no in vivo studies that examine these particular features of cortical organization in ASD. Hence, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine differences in tissue contrast between gray and white matter in 98 adults with ASD and 98 typically developing controls, to test the hypothesis that individuals with ASD have significantly reduced tissue contrast. More specifically, we examined contrast as a percentage between gray and white matter tissue signal intensities (GWPC) sampled at the gray-white matter boundary, and across different cortical layers. We found that individuals with ASD had significantly reduced GWPC in several clusters throughout the cortex (cluster, P < 0.05). As expected, these reductions were greatest when tissue intensities were sampled close to gray-white matter interface, which indicates a less distinct gray-white matter boundary in ASD. Our in vivo findings of reduced GWPC in ASD are therefore consistent with prior postmortem findings of a less well-defined gray-white matter boundary in ASD. Taken together, these results indicate that GWPC might be utilized as an in vivo proxy measure of atypical cortical microstructural organization in future studies.

Published
2017

13. Neural Self-Representation in Autistic Women and Association with 'Compensatory Camouflaging'

Author

Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Bullmore, Edward T., Suckling, John, Auyeung, Bonnie, Happé, Francesca, Szatmari, Peter, and Baron-Cohen, Simon

Abstract

Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism.

Published
2019
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14. Differences in Intrinsic Gray Matter Connectivity and Their Genomic Underpinnings in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Leyhausen, Johanna, primary, Schäfer, Tim, additional, Gurr, Caroline, additional, Berg, Lisa M., additional, Seelemeyer, Hanna, additional, Pretzsch, Charlotte M., additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Oakley, Bethany, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K., additional, Beckmann, Christian F., additional, Floris, Dorothea L., additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Bourgeron, Thomas, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Chatham, Chris, additional, Murphy, Declan G., additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Ahmad, Jumana, additional, Ambrosino, Sara, additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Bölte, Sven, additional, Bours, Carsten, additional, Brammer, Michael, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Brogna, Claudia, additional, de Bruijn, Yvette, additional, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, additional, Cornelissen, Ineke, additional, Crawley, Daisy, additional, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, additional, Dumas, Guillaume, additional, Durston, Sarah, additional, Faulkner, Jessica, additional, Frouin, Vincent, additional, Garcés, Pilar, additional, Goyard, David, additional, Ham, Lindsay, additional, Hayward, Hannah, additional, Hipp, Joerg, additional, Holt, Rosemary, additional, Johnson, Mark H., additional, Kundu, Prantik, additional, Lai, Meng-Chuan, additional, D’ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lythgoe, David J., additional, Mandl, René, additional, Marquand, Andre, additional, Mason, Luke, additional, Mennes, Maarten, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Bast, Nico, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, O’Dwyer, Laurence, additional, Oldehinkel, Marianne, additional, Oranje, Bob, additional, Pandina, Gahan, additional, Persico, Antonio M., additional, Ruggeri, Barbara, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Sabet, Jessica, additional, Sacco, Roberto, additional, San José Cáceres, Antonia, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Spooren, Will, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Tost, Heike, additional, Waldman, Jack, additional, Williams, Steve C.R., additional, Wooldridge, Caroline, additional, and Zwiers, Marcel P., additional

Published
2024
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15. Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology

Author

Bedford, Saashi A., primary, Lai, Meng-Chuan, additional, Lombardo, Michael V, additional, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Suckling, John, additional, Anagnostou, Evdokia, additional, Lerch, Jason P, additional, Taylor, Margot, additional, Nicolson, Rob, additional, Stelios, Georgiades, additional, Crosbie, Jennifer, additional, Schachar, Russell, additional, Kelley, Elizabeth, additional, Jones, Jessica, additional, Arnold, Paul D, additional, Courchesne, Eric, additional, Pierce, Karen, additional, Eyler, Lisa T, additional, Campbell, Kathleen, additional, Carter Barnes, Cynthia, additional, Seidlitz, Jakob, additional, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F, additional, Bullmore, Edward T, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, and Bethlehem, Richard AI, additional

Published
2023
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17. Altered Connectivity Between Cerebellum, Visual, and Sensory-Motor Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project

Author

Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian F., Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Buitelaar, Jan K., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J.H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Liogier D’ardhuy, Xavier, Lombardo, Michael V., Loth, Eva, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mason, Luke, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, Murphy, Declan G.M., Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, Cáceres, Antonia San José, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Tillmann, Julian, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C.R., Wooldridge, Caroline, and Zwiers, Marcel P.

Published
2019
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19. Quantifying and Exploring Camouflaging in Men and Women with Autism

Author

Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Auyeung, Bonnie, Szatmari, Peter, Happé, Francesca, and Baron-Cohen, Simon

Abstract

Autobiographical descriptions and clinician observations suggest that some individuals with autism, particularly females, "camouflage" their social communication difficulties, which may require considerable cognitive effort and lead to increased stress, anxiety and depression. Using data from 60 age- and IQ-matched men and women with autism (without intellectual disability), we operationalized camouflaging in adults with autism for the first time as the quantitative discrepancy between the person's "external" behavioural presentation in social-interpersonal contexts (measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and the person's "internal" status (dispositional traits measured by the Autism Spectrum Quotient and social cognitive capability measured by the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test). We found that the operationalized camouflaging measure was not significantly correlated with age or IQ. On average, women with autism had higher camouflaging scores than men with autism (Cohen's d = 0.98), with substantial variability in both groups. Greater camouflaging was associated with more depressive symptoms in men and better signal-detection sensitivity in women with autism. The neuroanatomical association with camouflaging score was largely sex/gender-dependent and significant only in women: from reverse inference, the most correlated cognitive terms were about emotion and memory. The underlying constructs, measurement, mechanisms, consequences and heterogeneity of camouflaging in autism warrant further investigation.

Published
2017
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20. Bridge-building between communities: Imagining the future of biomedical autism research

Author

Heraty, Síofra, primary, Lautarescu, Alexandra, additional, Belton, David, additional, Boyle, Alison, additional, Cirrincione, Pietro, additional, Doherty, Mary, additional, Douglas, Sarah, additional, Plas, Jan Roderik Derk, additional, Van Den Bosch, Katrien, additional, Violland, Pierre, additional, Tercon, Jerneja, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, Bourgeron, Thomas, additional, Chatham, Christopher, additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Oakley, Bethany, additional, McAlonan, Grainne M., additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Puts, Nicolaas, additional, Gallagher, Louise, additional, and Jones, Emily J.H., additional

Published
2023
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23. Recommendations for a better understanding of sex and gender in neuroscience of mental health

Author

Wierenga, Lara, primary, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Aksnes, Eira, additional, Barth, Claudia, additional, Beck, Dani, additional, Burke, Sarah, additional, Crestol, Arielle, additional, van Drunen, Lina, additional, Ferrara, Maria, additional, Galea, Liisa, additional, Goddings, Anne-Lise, additional, Hausmann, Markus, additional, Homanen, Inka, additional, Klinge, Ineke, additional, de Lange, Anne-Marie G., additional, Ouwerkerk, Lineke, additional, van der Miesen, Anna, additional, Proppert, Ricarda Katharina Karola, additional, Rieble, Carlotta, additional, Tamnes, Christian K., additional, and Bos, Marieke, additional

Published
2023
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24. Characterizing Subcortical Structural Heterogeneity in Autism

Author

MacDonald, David N, Bedford, Saashi A, Olafson, Emily, Park, Min Tae M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-7432, Devenyi, Gabriel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-1187, Tullo, Stephanie, Patel, Raihaan, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Bullmore, Edward T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-8283, Chura, Lindsay R, Craig, Michael C, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Holt, Rosemary J, Lenroot, Rhoshel, Lerch, Jason P, Lombardo, Michael V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-8619, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Raznahan, Armin, Ruigrok, Amber N V, Smith, Elizabeth, Shinohara, Russell T, Spencer, Michael D, Suckling, John, Taylor, Margot J, Thurm, Audrey, Lai, Meng-Chuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5508, Chakravarty, M Mallar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-5508, MacDonald, David N, Bedford, Saashi A, Olafson, Emily, Park, Min Tae M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-7432, Devenyi, Gabriel A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-1187, Tullo, Stephanie, Patel, Raihaan, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Bullmore, Edward T; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-8283, Chura, Lindsay R, Craig, Michael C, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Holt, Rosemary J, Lenroot, Rhoshel, Lerch, Jason P, Lombardo, Michael V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-8619, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Raznahan, Armin, Ruigrok, Amber N V, Smith, Elizabeth, Shinohara, Russell T, Spencer, Michael D, Suckling, John, Taylor, Margot J, Thurm, Audrey, Lai, Meng-Chuan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5508, and Chakravarty, M Mallar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-5508

Abstract

Autism presents with significant phenotypic and neuroanatomical heterogeneity, and neuroimaging studies of the thalamus, globus pallidus and striatum in autism have produced inconsistent and contradictory results. These structures are critical mediators of functions known to be atypical in autism, including sensory gating and motor function. We examined both volumetric and fine-grained localized shape differences in autism using a large (n=3145, 1045-1318 after strict quality control), cross-sectional dataset of T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 32 sites, including both males and females (assigned-at-birth). We investigated three potentially important sources of neuroanatomical heterogeneity: sex, age, and intelligence quotient (IQ), using a meta-analytic technique after strict quality control to minimize non-biological sources of variation. We observed no volumetric differences in the thalamus, globus pallidus, or striatum in autism. Rather, we identified a variety of localized shape differences in all three structures. Including age, but not sex or IQ, in the statistical model improved the fit for both the pallidum and striatum, but not for the thalamus. Age-centered shape analysis indicated a variety of age-dependent regional differences. Overall, our findings help confirm that the neurodevelopment of the striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus are atypical in autism, in a subtle location-dependent manner that is not reflected in overall structure volumes, and that is highly non-uniform across the lifespan.

Published
2023

26. Autism Is Associated With Interindividual Variations of Gray and White Matter Morphology

Author

Mei, Ting, primary, Forde, Natalie J., additional, Floris, Dorothea L., additional, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, additional, Stones, Richard, additional, Ilioska, Iva, additional, Durston, Sarah, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Holt, Rosemary J., additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Rausch, Annika, additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Oakley, Bethany, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, Beckmann, Christian F., additional, Llera, Alberto, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K., additional, Ahmad, Jumana, additional, Ambrosino, Sara, additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Bölte, Sven, additional, Bourgeron, Thomas, additional, Bours, Carsten, additional, Brammer, Michael, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Brogna, Claudia, additional, de Bruijn, Yvette, additional, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, additional, Cornelissen, Ineke, additional, Crawley, Daisy, additional, Dumas, Guillaume, additional, Faulkner, Jessica, additional, Frouin, Vincent, additional, Garcés, Pilar, additional, Goyard, David, additional, Ham, Lindsay, additional, Hayward, Hannah, additional, Hipp, Joerg, additional, Holt, Rosemary, additional, Johnson, Mark H., additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Kundu, Prantik, additional, Lai, Meng-Chuan, additional, Liogier d’Ardhuy, Xavier, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lythgoe, David J., additional, Mandl, René, additional, Marquand, Andre, additional, Mason, Luke, additional, Mennes, Maarten, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Mueller, Nico, additional, O’Dwyer, Laurence, additional, Oldehinkel, Marianne, additional, Oranje, Bob, additional, Pandina, Gahan, additional, Persico, Antonio M., additional, Ruggeri, Barbara, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Sabet, Jessica, additional, Sacco, Roberto, additional, San José Cáceres, Antonia, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Spooren, Will, additional, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Tost, Heike, additional, Waldman, Jack, additional, Williams, Steve C.R., additional, Wooldridge, Caroline, additional, Mei, Ting, additional, and Zwiers, Marcel P., additional

Published
2022
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28. Unsupervised data-driven stratification of mentalizing heterogeneity in autism

Author

Lombardo, Michael V., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Auyeung, Bonnie, Holt, Rosemary J., Allison, Carrie, Smith, Paula, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Suckling, John, Bullmore, Edward T., Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C. L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G. M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., Ellie Wilson, C., Ecker, Christine, Craig, Michael C., Murphy, Declan G. M., Happé, Francesca, and Baron-Cohen, Simon

Published
2016
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29. Is there an association between prenatal testosterone and autistic traits in adolescents?

Author

Dooley, Niamh, Ruigrok, Amber, Holt, Rosemary, Allison, Carrie, Tsompanidis, Alexandros, Waldman, Jack, Auyeung, Bonnie, Lombardo, Michael V, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Ruigrok, Amber [0000-0001-7711-8056], Allison, Carrie [0000-0003-2272-2090], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Male, puberty, Amniotic fluid, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Autism, fetal development, autism, Article, Social Skills, Young Adult, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Humans, Testosterone, Autistic Disorder, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Biological Psychiatry, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Puberty, amniotic fluid, Fetal development, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Self Report, prenatal testosterone, Prenatal testosterone
Abstract

Prenatal testosterone (pT) is a crucial component in physiological masculinization in humans. In line with the Prenatal Sex Steroid Theory of autism, some studies have found a positive correlation between pT and autistic traits in childhood. However, effects in adolescence have not been explored. Hormonal and environmental changes occurring during puberty may alter the strength or the nature of prenatal effects on autistic traits. The current study examines if pT relates to autistic traits in a non-clinical sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 97, 170 observations; age 13–21 years old). It also explores pT interactions with pubertal stage and timing. PT concentrations were measured from amniotic fluid extracted in the 2nd trimester of gestation via amniocentesis conducted for clinical purposes. Autistic traits were measured by self- and parent-reports on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) which provides a total score and 5 sub-scores (social skills, communication, imagination, attention switching and attention to detail). Self-reported pubertal stage was regressed on age to provide a measure of relative timing. We found no statistical evidence for a direct association between pT and autistic traits in this adolescent sample (males, females or full sample). Exploratory analyses suggested that pT correlated positively with autistic traits in adolescents with earlier puberty-onset, but statistical robustness of this finding was limited. Further exploratory post-hoc tests suggested the pT-by-pubertal timing interaction was stronger in males relative to females, in self-reported compared to parent-reported AQ and specifically for social traits. These findings require replication in larger samples. Findings have implications for understanding the effects of pT on human behavior, specifically existence of effects in adolescence., Highlights • High prenatal testosterone (pT) may be associated with autistic traits in children. • An association was not observed in our adolescent sample. • The association between pT and autistic traits may be moderated by pubertal factors. • Higher pT related to higher autistic traits in adolescents with earlier-onset/faster puberty. • This interaction of pT and pubertal timing was most evident for social traits.

Published
2021
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30. Resting state EEG power spectrum and functional connectivity in autism: a cross-sectional analysis

Author

Garcés, Pilar, Baumeister, Sarah, Mason, Luke, Chatham, Christopher, Holiga, Stefan, Dukart, Juergen, Jones, Emily, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan, Durston, Sarah, Oranje, Bob, Persico, Antonio, Beckmann, Christian, Bougeron, Thomas, Dell’acqua, Flavio, Ecker, Christine, Moessnang, Carolin, Charman, Tony, Tillmann, Julian, Murphy, Declan, Johnson, Mark, Loth, Eva, Brandeis, Daniel, Hipp, Joerg, Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dumas, Guillaume, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Holt, Rosemary, Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Ardhuy, Xavier Liogier D’, Lombardo, Michael, Lythgoe, David, Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Mueller, Nico, Oakley, Bethany, O’dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Pandina, Gahan, Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, Cáceres, Antonia San José, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve, Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel, Leap Group, The Eu-Aims, Garcés, Pilar [0000-0003-4989-0123], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Roche Innovation Center [Basel, Switzerland], Heidelberg University, University Hospital Mannheim | Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of London [London], Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour [Jülich, Germany] (INM-7), Jülich Research Centre, Autism Research Centre [Cambridge, Royaume-Uni], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre for Psychiatry Research [Stockholm], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University [Nijmegen], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Università degli Studi di Messina = University of Messina (UniMe), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), King‘s College London, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Central Institute of Mental Health [Mannheim], This work was supported by EU-AIMS (European Autism Interventions), which receives support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115300, the resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (grant FP7/2007–2013), from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies’ in-kind contributions and from Autism Speaks. AIMS-2-TRIALS is funded by the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (IMI 2 JU) under grant agreement no. 777394. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, EFPIA, Autism Speaks, Autistica, and SFARI. PG was supported by the Roche Postdoctoral Fellowship (RPF) program., European Project: 115300,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-03-2010,EU-AIMS(2012), European Project: 777394,H2020-JTI-IMI2-2016-10-two-stage,AIMS-2-TRIALS(2018), and University of Zurich

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], Autism spectrum disorder, EEG, Resting state, Power spectrum, Functional connectivity, 610 Medicine & health, 1309 Developmental Biology, 2806 Developmental Neuroscience, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Developmental Neuroscience, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, 1312 Molecular Biology, Humans, ddc:610, 10064 Neuroscience Center Zurich, Autistic Disorder, Child, Molecular Biology, Brain Mapping, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Research, 220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Electroencephalography, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background Understanding the development of the neuronal circuitry underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical to shed light into its etiology and for the development of treatment options. Resting state EEG provides a window into spontaneous local and long-range neuronal synchronization and has been investigated in many ASD studies, but results are inconsistent. Unbiased investigation in large and comprehensive samples focusing on replicability is needed. Methods We quantified resting state EEG alpha peak metrics, power spectrum (PS, 2–32 Hz) and functional connectivity (FC) in 411 children, adolescents and adults (n = 212 ASD, n = 199 neurotypicals [NT], all with IQ > 75). We performed analyses in source-space using individual head models derived from the participants’ MRIs. We tested for differences in mean and variance between the ASD and NT groups for both PS and FC using linear mixed effects models accounting for age, sex, IQ and site effects. Then, we used machine learning to assess whether a multivariate combination of EEG features could better separate ASD and NT participants. All analyses were embedded within a train-validation approach (70%–30% split). Results In the training dataset, we found an interaction between age and group for the reactivity to eye opening (p = .042 uncorrected), and a significant but weak multivariate ASD vs. NT classification performance for PS and FC (sensitivity 0.52–0.62, specificity 0.59–0.73). None of these findings replicated significantly in the validation dataset, although the effect size in the validation dataset overlapped with the prediction interval from the training dataset. Limitations The statistical power to detect weak effects—of the magnitude of those found in the training dataset—in the validation dataset is small, and we cannot fully conclude on the reproducibility of the training dataset’s effects. Conclusions This suggests that PS and FC values in ASD and NT have a strong overlap, and that differences between both groups (in both mean and variance) have, at best, a small effect size. Larger studies would be needed to investigate and replicate such potential effects., Molecular Autism, 13

Published
2022

31. Genetic correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism

Author

Warrier, Varun, Zhang, Xinhe, Reed, Patrick, Havdahl, Alexandra, Moore, Tyler M., Cliquet, Freddy, Leblond, Claire S., Rolland, Thomas, Rosengren, Anders, Caceres, Antonia San Jose, Hayward, Hannah, Crawley, Daisy, Faulkner, Jessica, Sabet, Jessica, Ellis, Claire, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony, Murphy, Declan, Holt, Rosemary, Waldman, Jack, Upadhyay, Jessica, Gunby, Nicola, Lai, Meng Chuan, Renouf, Gwilym, Ruigrok, Amber, Taylor, Emily, Ziauddeen, Hisham, Deakin, Julia, di Bruttopilo, Sara Ambrosino, van Dijk, Sarai, Rijks, Yvonne, Koops, Tabitha, Douma, Miriam, Spaan, Alyssia, Selten, Iris, Steffers, Maarten, van Themaat, Anna Ver Loren, Bast, Nico, Baumeister, Sarah, O’Dwyer, Larry, Bours, Carsten, Rausch, Annika, von Rhein, Daniel, Cornelissen, Ineke, de Bruin, Yvette, Graauwmans, Maartje, Kostrzewa, Elzbieta, Werge, Thomas, Nordentoft, Merete, Warrier, Varun, Zhang, Xinhe, Reed, Patrick, Havdahl, Alexandra, Moore, Tyler M., Cliquet, Freddy, Leblond, Claire S., Rolland, Thomas, Rosengren, Anders, Caceres, Antonia San Jose, Hayward, Hannah, Crawley, Daisy, Faulkner, Jessica, Sabet, Jessica, Ellis, Claire, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony, Murphy, Declan, Holt, Rosemary, Waldman, Jack, Upadhyay, Jessica, Gunby, Nicola, Lai, Meng Chuan, Renouf, Gwilym, Ruigrok, Amber, Taylor, Emily, Ziauddeen, Hisham, Deakin, Julia, di Bruttopilo, Sara Ambrosino, van Dijk, Sarai, Rijks, Yvonne, Koops, Tabitha, Douma, Miriam, Spaan, Alyssia, Selten, Iris, Steffers, Maarten, van Themaat, Anna Ver Loren, Bast, Nico, Baumeister, Sarah, O’Dwyer, Larry, Bours, Carsten, Rausch, Annika, von Rhein, Daniel, Cornelissen, Ineke, de Bruin, Yvette, Graauwmans, Maartje, Kostrzewa, Elzbieta, Werge, Thomas, and Nordentoft, Merete

Abstract

The substantial phenotypic heterogeneity in autism limits our understanding of its genetic etiology. To address this gap, here we investigated genetic differences between autistic individuals (nmax = 12,893) based on core and associated features of autism, co-occurring developmental disabilities and sex. We conducted a comprehensive factor analysis of core autism features in autistic individuals and identified six factors. Common genetic variants were associated with the core factors, but de novo variants were not. We found that higher autism polygenic scores (PGS) were associated with lower likelihood of co-occurring developmental disabilities in autistic individuals. Furthermore, in autistic individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID), autism PGS are overinherited by autistic females compared to males. Finally, we observed higher SNP heritability for autistic males and for autistic individuals without ID. Deeper phenotypic characterization will be critical in determining how the complex underlying genetics shape cognition, behavior and co-occurring conditions in autism.

Published
2022

32. Additional file 1 of Maternal age, autistic-like traits and mentalizing as predictors of child autistic-like traits in a population-based cohort

Author

Sari, Novika Purnama, Jansen, Pauline W., Blanken, Laura M. E., Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Prinzie, Peter, Tiemeier, Henning, Baron-Cohen, Simon, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., and White, Tonya

Abstract

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Flow chart of participants included for analyses. Table S1. Parental age groups and child autistic-like traits (n = 5718). Table S2. Pearson correlation coefficients among variables. Fig S2.Quadratic graphs between parental age and child autistic traits at 5/6 years-of-age.Table S3. Association between maternal age and child autistic-like traits among mothers with parity of first pregnancy (N = 5,061). Fig S3. Quadratic graphs between maternal age and child autistic-like traits after adjusting for maternal characteristics. Fig S4. Polynomial Regression. Fig S5. Spline Regression.

Published
2022
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33. Patterns of connectome variability in autism across five functional activation tasks:Findings from the LEAP project

Author

Looden, Tristan, Floris, Dorothea L., Llera, Alberto, Chauvin, Roselyne J., Charman, Tony, Banaschewski, Tobias, Murphy, Declan G. M., Marquand, Andre. F., Buitelaar, Jan K., Beckmann, Christian F., Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-cohen, Simon, Baumeister, Sarah, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, De Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Acqua, Flavio Dell’, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J. H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-chuan, D’ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, Lombardo, Michael V., Loth, Eva, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mason, Luke, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, Oakley, Bethany, O’dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Rausch, Annika, Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, Cáceres, Antonia San José, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Tillmann, Julian, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C. R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Ilioska, Iva, Mei, Ting, and Zwiers, Marcel P.

Subjects
Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], fMRI, functional connectivity, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], 220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience, autism, Psychiatry and Mental health, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Developmental Neuroscience, normative modeling, heterogeneity, Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology, canonical correlation analysis
Abstract

Background Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with pronounced behavioral, cognitive, and neural heterogeneities across individuals. Here, our goal was to characterize heterogeneity in autism by identifying patterns of neural diversity as reflected in BOLD fMRI in the way individuals with autism engage with a varied array of cognitive tasks. Methods All analyses were based on the EU-AIMS/AIMS-2-TRIALS multisite Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) with participants with autism (n = 282) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 221) between 6 and 30 years of age. We employed a novel task potency approach which combines the unique aspects of both resting state fMRI and task-fMRI to quantify task-induced variations in the functional connectome. Normative modelling was used to map atypicality of features on an individual basis with respect to their distribution in neurotypical control participants. We applied robust out-of-sample canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to relate connectome data to behavioral data. Results Deviation from the normative ranges of global functional connectivity was greater for individuals with autism compared to TD in each fMRI task paradigm (all tasks p p Conclusions Individuals with autism engage with tasks in a globally atypical way, but the particular spatial pattern of this atypicality is nevertheless similar across tasks. Atypicalities in the tasks originate mostly from prefrontal cortex and default mode network regions, but also speech and auditory networks. We show how sophisticated modeling methods such as task potency and normative modeling can be used toward unravelling complex heterogeneous conditions like autism.

Published
2022

34. Preference for biological motion is reduced in ASD: implications for clinical trials and the search for biomarkers

Author

Mason, L., Shic, F., Falck-Ytter, T., Chakrabarti, B., Charman, T., Loth, E., Tillmann, J., Banaschewski, T., Baron-Cohen, S., Bölte, S., Buitelaar, J., Durston, S., Oranje, B., Persico, A. M., Beckmann, C., Bougeron, T., Dell’Acqua, F., Ecker, C., Moessnang, C., Murphy, D., Johnson, M. H., Jones, E. J. H., Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Baumeister, Sarah, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chatham, Chris, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, Dumas, Guillaume, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Ham, Lindsay, Hipp, Joerg, Holt, Rosemary, Lai, Meng-Chuan, D’ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, Lombardo, Michael V., Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Marquand, Andre, Mennes, Maarten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Bast, Nico, Oakley, Bethany, O’Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Pandina, Gahan, Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, Cáceres, Antonia San José, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C. R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel P., Mason, L [0000-0001-9978-7349], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], Johnson, Mark [0000-0003-4229-2585], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Eye tracking, Psykologi, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Research, Autism, Biomarker, Biological motion, Development, Severity of Illness Index, Psychiatry and Mental health, Young Adult, Developmental Neuroscience, Case-Control Studies, Psychology, Humans, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Autistic Disorder, Child, RC346-429, Molecular Biology, Biomarkers, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear. Progress has been largely hampered by small sample sizes, variable age ranges and resulting inconsistent findings. There is a pressing need for large definitive studies to delineate the nature and extent of key case/control differences to direct research towards fruitful areas for future investigation. Here we focus on perception of biological motion, a promising index of social brain function which may be altered in ASD. In a large sample ranging from childhood to adulthood, we assess whether biological motion preference differs in ASD compared to neurotypical participants (NT), how differences are modulated by age and sex and whether they are associated with dimensional variation in concurrent or later symptomatology. Methods Eye-tracking data were collected from 486 6-to-30-year-old autistic (N = 282) and non-autistic control (N = 204) participants whilst they viewed 28 trials pairing biological (BM) and control (non-biological, CTRL) motion. Preference for the biological motion stimulus was calculated as (1) proportion looking time difference (BM-CTRL) and (2) peak look duration difference (BM-CTRL). Results The ASD group showed a present but weaker preference for biological motion than the NT group. The nature of the control stimulus modulated preference for biological motion in both groups. Biological motion preference did not vary with age, gender, or concurrent or prospective social communicative skill within the ASD group, although a lack of clear preference for either stimulus was associated with higher social-communicative symptoms at baseline. Limitations The paired visual preference we used may underestimate preference for a stimulus in younger and lower IQ individuals. Our ASD group had a lower average IQ by approximately seven points. 18% of our sample was not analysed for various technical and behavioural reasons. Conclusions Biological motion preference elicits small-to-medium-sized case–control effects, but individual differences do not strongly relate to core social autism associated symptomatology. We interpret this as an autistic difference (as opposed to a deficit) likely manifest in social brain regions. The extent to which this is an innate difference present from birth and central to the autistic phenotype, or the consequence of a life lived with ASD, is unclear.

Published
2021

35. Relationship Between Cortical Gyrification, White Matter Connectivity, and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Ecker, C., Andrews, D., DellʼAcqua, F., Daly, E., Murphy, C., Catani, M., Thiebaut de Schotten, M., Baron-Cohen, S., Lai, M.C., Lombardo, M.V., Bullmore, E.T., Suckling, J., Williams, S., Jones, D.K., Chiocchetti, A., Murphy, D.G.M., Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C.L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G.M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N.V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., and Wilson, C.Ellie

Published
2016
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36. Frontal networks in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Author

Catani, Marco, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Budisavljevic, Sanja, Howells, Henrietta, Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel, Froudist-Walsh, Seán, D’Anna, Lucio, Thompson, Abigail, Sandrone, Stefano, Bullmore, Edward T., Suckling, John, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Lombardo, Michael V., Wheelwright, Sally J., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Leemans, Alexander, Ecker, Christine, Consortium, MRC AIMS, Craig, Michael C., and Murphy, Declan G. M.

Published
2016
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37. COVID-19 health and social care access for autistic people: European policy review

Author

Oakley, Bethany, Tillmann, Julian, Ruigrok, Amber, Baranger, Aurélie, Takow, Christian, Charman, Tony, Jones, Emily, Cusack, James, Doherty, Mary, Violland, Pierre, Wroczyńska, Agnieszka, Simonoff, Emily, Buitelaar, Jan K, Gallagher, Louise, Murphy, Declan GM, AIMS-2-TRIALS ECRAN & The AIMS-2-TRIALS Consortium, Tillmann, Julian [0000-0001-9574-9855], Charman, Tony [0000-0003-1993-6549], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
child & adolescent psychiatry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Social Support, health policy, Health Services Accessibility, Europe, COVID-19 Testing, Policy, Quality of Life, Humans, Autistic Disorder, Pandemics
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on European health and social care systems, with demands on testing, hospital and intensive care capacity exceeding available resources in many regions. This has led to concerns that some vulnerable groups, including autistic people, may be excluded from services. METHODS: We reviewed policies from 15 European member states, published in March-July 2020, pertaining to (1) access to COVID-19 tests; (2) provisions for treatment, hospitalisation and intensive care units (ICUs); and (3) changes to standard health and social care. In parallel, we analysed survey data on the lived experiences of 1301 autistic people and caregivers. RESULTS: Autistic people experienced significant barriers when accessing COVID-19 services. First, despite being at elevated risk of severe illness due to co-occurring health conditions, there was a lack of accessibility of COVID-19 testing. Second, many COVID-19 outpatient and inpatient treatment services were reported to be inaccessible, predominantly resulting from individual differences in communication needs. Third, ICU triage protocols in many European countries (directly or indirectly) resulted in discriminatory exclusion from lifesaving treatments. Finally, interruptions to standard health and social care left over 70% of autistic people without everyday support. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated existing healthcare inequalities for autistic people, probably contributing to disproportionate increases in morbidity and mortality, mental health and behavioural difficulties, and reduced quality of life. An urgent need exists for policies and guidelines on accessibility of COVID-19 services to be updated to prevent the widespread exclusion of autistic people from services, which represents a violation of international human rights law.

Published
2021

38. Temporal Profiles of Social Attention Are Different Across Development in Autistic and Neurotypical People

Author

Del Bianco, Teresa, primary, Mason, Luke, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Tillman, Julian, additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Hayward, Hannah, additional, Shic, Frederick, additional, Buitelaar, Jan, additional, Johnson, Mark H., additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Ahmad, Jumana, additional, Ambrosino, Sara, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Beckmann, Christian F., additional, Bölte, Sven, additional, Bourgeron, Thomas, additional, Bours, Carsten, additional, Brammer, Michael, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Brogna, Claudia, additional, de Bruijn, Yvette, additional, Cornelissen, Ineke, additional, Crawley, Daisy, additional, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, additional, Dumas, Guillaume, additional, Durston, Sarah, additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Faulkner, Jessica, additional, Frouin, Vincent, additional, Garcés, Pilar, additional, Goyard, David, additional, Ham, Lindsay, additional, Hipp, Joerg, additional, Holt, Rosemary, additional, Lai, Meng-Chuan, additional, D’Ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lythgoe, David J., additional, Mandl, René, additional, Marquand, Andre, additional, Mennes, Maarten, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Mueller, Nico, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, Oakley, Bethany, additional, O’Dwyer, Laurence, additional, Oldehinkel, Marianne, additional, Oranje, Bob, additional, Pandina, Gahan, additional, Persico, Antonio M., additional, Ruggeri, Barbara, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Sabet, Jessica, additional, Sacco, Roberto, additional, San José Cáceres, Antonia, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Spooren, Will, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Tost, Heike, additional, Waldman, Jack, additional, Williams, Steve C.R., additional, Wooldridge, Caroline, additional, and Zwiers, Marcel P., additional

Published
2021
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39. Atypical Brain Asymmetry in Autism—A Candidate for Clinically Meaningful Stratification

Author

Floris, Dorothea L., primary, Wolfers, Thomas, additional, Zabihi, Mariam, additional, Holz, Nathalie E., additional, Zwiers, Marcel P., additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Holt, Rosemary, additional, Durston, Sarah, additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, Marquand, Andre, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K., additional, Beckmann, Christian F., additional, Ahmad, Jumana, additional, Ambrosino, Sara, additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Bölte, Sven, additional, Bourgeron, Thomas, additional, Bours, Carsten, additional, Brammer, Michael, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Brogna, Claudia, additional, de Bruijn, Yvette, additional, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, additional, Cornelissen, Ineke, additional, Crawley, Daisy, additional, Dumas, Guillaume, additional, Faulkner, Jessica, additional, Frouin, Vincent, additional, Garcés, Pilar, additional, Goyard, David, additional, Ham, Lindsay, additional, Hayward, Hannah, additional, Hipp, Joerg, additional, Johnson, Mark H., additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Kundu, Prantik, additional, Lai, Meng-Chuan, additional, Liogier d’Ardhuy, Xavier, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lythgoe, David J., additional, Mandl, René, additional, Mason, Luke, additional, Mennes, Maarten, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Mueller, Nico, additional, Oakley, Bethany, additional, O’Dwyer, Laurence, additional, Oldehinkel, Marianne, additional, Oranje, Bob, additional, Pandina, Gahan, additional, Persico, Antonio M., additional, Ruggeri, Barbara, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Sabet, Jessica, additional, Sacco, Roberto, additional, San José Cáceres, Antonia, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Spooren, Will, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Tost, Heike, additional, Waldman, Jack, additional, Williams, Steve C.R., additional, and Wooldridge, Caroline, additional

Published
2021
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40. Medical symptoms and conditions in autistic women

Author

Simantov, Tslil, primary, Pohl, Alexa, additional, Tsompanidis, Alexandros, additional, Weir, Elizabeth, additional, Lombardo, Michael V, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Smith, Paula, additional, Allison, Carrie, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, and Uzefovsky, Florina, additional

Published
2021
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41. COVID-19 health and social care access for autistic people: European policy review

Author

Oakley, Bethany, primary, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Baranger, Aurélie, additional, Takow, Christian, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Jones, Emily, additional, Cusack, James, additional, Doherty, Mary, additional, Violland, Pierre, additional, Wroczyńska, Agnieszka, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K, additional, Gallagher, Louise, additional, and Murphy, Declan G M, additional

Published
2021
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43. Intrinsic excitation-inhibition imbalance affects medial prefrontal cortex differently in autistic men versus women

Author

Trakoshis, Stavros, Martínez-Cañada, Pablo, Rocchi, Federico, Canella, Carola, You, Wonsang, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Bullmore, Edward T, Suckling, John, Markicevic, Marija, Zerbi, Valerio, MRC AIMS Consortium, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Gozzi, Alessandro, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Panzeri, Stefano, Bailey, Anthony J, Bolton, Patrick F, Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Craig, Michael C, Daly, Eileen M, Deoni, Sean CL, Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K, Lombardo, Michael V, Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M, Murphy, Declan GM, Pasco, Greg, Sadek, Susan A, Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Wheelwright, Sally J, Williams, Steven C, Zerbi, Valerio [0000-0001-7984-9565], Gozzi, Alessandro [0000-0002-5731-4137], Panzeri, Stefano [0000-0003-1700-8909], Lombardo, Michael V [0000-0001-6780-8619], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
sex/gender, Mouse, fMRI, autism, excitation, heterogeneity, Human Biology and Medicine, behavioral disciplines and activities, inhibition, Research Article, Neuroscience, Human
Abstract

Excitation-inhibition (E:I) imbalance is theorized as an important pathophysiological mechanism in autism. Autism affects males more frequently than females and sex-related mechanisms (e.g., X-linked genes, androgen hormones) can influence E:I balance. This suggests that E:I imbalance may affect autism differently in males versus females. With a combination of in-silico modeling and in-vivo chemogenetic manipulations in mice, we first show that a time-series metric estimated from fMRI BOLD signal, the Hurst exponent (H), can be an index for underlying change in the synaptic E:I ratio. In autism we find that H is reduced, indicating increased excitation, in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of autistic males but not females. Increasingly intact MPFC H is also associated with heightened ability to behaviorally camouflage social-communicative difficulties, but only in autistic females. This work suggests that H in BOLD can index synaptic E:I ratio and that E:I imbalance affects autistic males and females differently.

Published
2020
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44. Genetic correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism

Author

Warrier, Varun, Zhang, Xinhe, Reed, Patrick, Havdahl, Alexandra, Moore, Tyler M., Cliquet, Freddy, Leblond, Claire S., Rolland, Thomas, Rosengren, Anders, Caceres, Antonia San Jose, Hayward, Hannah, Crawley, Daisy, Faulkner, Jessica, Sabet, Jessica, Ellis, Claire, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony, Murphy, Declan, Holt, Rosemary, Waldman, Jack, Upadhyay, Jessica, Gunby, Nicola, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Renouf, Gwilym, Ruigrok, Amber, Taylor, Emily, Ziauddeen, Hisham, Deakin, Julia, di Bruttopilo, Sara Ambrosino, van Dijk, Sarai, Rijks, Yvonne, Koops, Tabitha, Douma, Miriam, Spaan, Alyssia, Selten, Iris, Steffers, Maarten, van Themaat, Anna Ver Loren, Bast, Nico, Baumeister, Sarah, O’Dwyer, Larry, Bours, Carsten, Rausch, Annika, von Rhein, Daniel, Cornelissen, Ineke, de Bruin, Yvette, Graauwmans, Maartje, Kostrzewa, Elzbieta, Cauvet, Elodie, Tammimies, Kristiina, Sitnikow, Rouslan, Dumas, Guillaume, Kim, Yang-Min, Bourgeron, Thomas, Hougaard, David M., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Werge, Thomas, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Mors, Ole, Nordentoft, Merete, Adhya, Dwaipayan, Alamanza, Armandina, Allison, Carrie, Garvey, Isabelle, Parsons, Tracey, Smith, Paula, Tsompanidis, Alex, Burton, Graham J., Heazell, Alexander E. P., Gabis, Lidia V., Biron-Shental, Tal, Lancaster, Madeline A., Srivastava, Deepak P., Mill, Jonathan, Rowitch, David H., Hurles, Matthew E., Geschwind, Daniel H., Børglum, Anders D., Robinson, Elise B., Grove, Jakob, Martin, Hilary C., Baron-Cohen, Simon, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus - Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital [Oslo], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Copenhagen University Hospital, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Broad Institute [Cambridge], Harvard University [Cambridge]-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, V.W. is funded by St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge. This study was funded by grants to SBC from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Autism Research Trust, the Templeton World Charity Foundation, and to T.B. from the Institut Pasteur, the CNRS, The Bettencourt-Schueller and the Cognacq-Jay Foundations, the APHP and the Université de Paris. SBC was funded by the Autism Research Trust, the Wellcome Trust, the Templeton World Charitable Foundation, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge, during the period of this work. The Medical Research Council (MRC) funded the Cambridge Autism Research Database (CARD) that made this study possible. SBC also received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 777394. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. His research was also supported by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East of England (ARC EoE) programme. T.M.M. is supported by U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) grant MH117014. The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the NIHR, NHS or Department of Health and Social Care. We acknowledge with gratitude the generous support of Drs Dennis and Mireille Gillings in strengthening the collaboration between S.B.-C. and T.B., and between Cambridge University and the Institut Pasteur. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. A full list of the authors and affiliations in the AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP group is provided in the Supplementary Information. The iPSYCH team was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003), NIMH (1U01MH109514-01 to ADB) and the universities and university hospitals of Aarhus and Copenhagen. The Danish National Biobank resource was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. High-performance computer capacity for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility was provided by the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to ADB). We thank Jonathan Sebat for sharing the de novo variant calls in the SPARK and SSC datasets., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Warrier, Varun [0000-0003-4532-8571], Havdahl, Alexandra [0000-0002-9268-0423], Moore, Tyler M [0000-0002-1384-0151], Rosengren, Anders [0000-0002-6682-1288], Hurles, Matthew E [0000-0002-2333-7015], Geschwind, Daniel H [0000-0003-2896-3450], Børglum, Anders D [0000-0001-8627-7219], Grove, Jakob [0000-0003-2284-5744], Martin, Hilary C [0000-0002-4454-9084], Bourgeron, Thomas [0000-0001-8164-9220], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Pennsylvania, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), Harvard University-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and S.B.-C. received funding from the Wellcome Trust (214322\Z\18\Z). For the purpose of open access, we have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. S.B.-C. also received funding from the Autism Centre of Excellence, the SFARI, the Templeton World Charitable Fund, the MRC and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England. Any views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the funder. Some of the results leading to this publication have received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 777394 for the project AIMS-2-TRIALS. This joint undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the EFPIA and Autism Speaks, Autistica and the SFARI. V.W. is funded by St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge. T.B. has received funding from the Institut Pasteur, the CNRS, the Bettencourt–Schueller and the Cognacq–Jay Foundations, the APHP and the Université de Paris Cité. We acknowledge with gratitude the generous support of D. and M. Gillings in strengthening the collaboration between S.B.-C. and T.B. and between Cambridge University and the Institut Pasteur. The iPSYCH team was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R102-A9118, R155-2014-1724 and R248-2017-2003), the NIMH (1U01MH109514-01 to A.D.B.) and the universities and university hospitals of Aarhus and Copenhagen. The Danish National Biobank resource was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. High-performance computer capacity for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility was provided by the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to A.D.B.). We thank J. Sebat for sharing the de novo variant calls in the SPARK and SSC datasets. We are grateful to all families at the participating SSC sites as well as the principal investigators (A. Beaudet, R. Bernier, J. Constantino, E. Cook, E. Fombonne, D. Geschwind, R. Goin-Kochel, E. Hanson, D. Grice, A. Klin, D. Ledbetter, C. Lord, C. Martin, D. Martin, R. Maxim, J. Miles, O. Ousley, K. Pelphrey, B. Peterson, J. Piggot, C. Saulnier, M. State, W. Stone, J. Sutcliffe, C. Walsh, Z. Warren and E. Wijsman). We are grateful to all families in the SPARK study, the SPARK clinical sites and SPARK staff.

Subjects
Male, Autism Spectrum Disorder, CHILDREN, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, Nonverbal communication, AGE, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Intellectual Disability, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Limited evidence, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Autistic Disorder, Association (psychology), COMMON, SPECTRUM DISORDER, 030304 developmental biology, RISK, ARCHITECTURE, 0303 health sciences, IDENTIFICATION, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, medicine.disease, Educational attainment, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Adaptive behaviour, Schizophrenia, Autism, Female, SIMONS SIMPLEX COLLECTION, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Funder: Wellcome Trust (Wellcome); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100004440, Funder: Templeton World Charity Foundation (Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc.); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011730, The substantial phenotypic heterogeneity in autism limits our understanding of its genetic etiology. To address this gap, here we investigated genetic differences between autistic individuals (nmax = 12,893) based on core and associated features of autism, co-occurring developmental disabilities and sex. We conducted a comprehensive factor analysis of core autism features in autistic individuals and identified six factors. Common genetic variants were associated with the core factors, but de novo variants were not. We found that higher autism polygenic scores (PGS) were associated with lower likelihood of co-occurring developmental disabilities in autistic individuals. Furthermore, in autistic individuals without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID), autism PGS are overinherited by autistic females compared to males. Finally, we observed higher SNP heritability for autistic males and for autistic individuals without ID. Deeper phenotypic characterization will be critical in determining how the complex underlying genetics shape cognition, behavior and co-occurring conditions in autism.

Published
2020

45. Enhancement of indirect functional connections with shortest path length in the adult autistic brain

Author

Guo, Xiaonan, Simas, Tiago, Lai, Meng‐Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Ruigrok, Amber N. V., Bullmore, Edward T., Baron‐Cohen, Simon, Chen, Huafu, and Suckling, John

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypical brain functional organization. Here we investigated the intrinsic indirect (semi‐metric) connectivity of the functional connectome associated with autism. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 65 neurotypical adults (33 males/32 females) and 61 autistic adults (30 males/31 females). From functional connectivity networks, semi‐metric percentages (SMPs) were calculated to assess the proportion of indirect shortest functional pathways at global, hemisphere, network, and node levels. Group comparisons were then conducted to ascertain differences between autism and neurotypical control groups. Finally, the strength and length of edges were examined to explore the patterns of semi‐metric connections associated with autism. Compared with neurotypical controls, autistic adults displayed significantly higher SMP at all spatial scales, similar to prior observations in adolescents. Differences were primarily in weaker, longer‐distance edges in the majority between networks. However, no significant diagnosis‐by‐sex interaction effects were observed on global SMP. These findings suggest increased indirect functional connectivity in the autistic brain is persistent from adolescence to adulthood and is indicative of reduced functional network integration.

Published
2019

47. COVID-19 health and social care access for autistic people and individuals with intellectual disability: A European policy review.

Author

Oakley, Bethany, primary, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Ruigrok, Amber, additional, Baranger, Aurélie, additional, Takow, Christian, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Cusack, James, additional, Doherty, Mary, additional, Violland, Pierre, additional, Wroczyńska, Agnieszka, additional, Simonoff, Emily, additional, Buitelaar, Jan, additional, Gallagher, Louise, additional, and Murphy, Declan, additional

Published
2020
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48. Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project

Author

Tillmann, Julian, San José Cáceres, Antonia, Chatham, Chris H., Crawley, Daisy, Holt, Rosemary, Oakley, Bethany, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bölte, Sven, Buitelaar, Jan K., Durston, Sarah, Ham, Lindsay, Loth, Eva, Simonoff, Emily, Spooren, Will, Murphy, Declan G., Charman, Tony, Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baumeister, Sarah, Beckmann, Christian, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Cornelissen, Ineke, Dell’ Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Ecker, Christine, Faulkner, Jessica, Frouin, Vincent, Garcés, Pilar, Goyard, David, Hayward, Hannah, Hipp, Joerg, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J. H., Kundu, Prantik, Lai, Meng-Chuan, D'Ardhuy, Xavier Liogier, Lombardo, Michael, Lythgoe, David J., Mandl, René, Mason, Luke, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Moessnang, Carolin, Mueller, Nico, O'Dwyer, Laurence, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Oranje, Bob, Pandina, Gahan, Persico, Antonio M., Ruggeri, Barbara, Ruigrok, Amber, Sabet, Jessica, Sacco, Roberto, Toro, Roberto, Tost, Heike, Waldman, Jack, Williams, Steve C. R., Wooldridge, Caroline, Zwiers, Marcel P., Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, University of Vienna [Vienna], F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Mannheim], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health [Mannheim], University Hospital Mannheim | Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University [Nijmegen], Stockholm County Council, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre [Nijmegen], South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, This work was supported by EU‐AIMS (European Autism Interventions), which receives support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115300, the resources of which are composed of financial contributions from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (grant FP7/2007‐2013), from the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies' in‐kind contributions, and from Autism Speaks, The EU‐AIMS LEAP group : Jumana Ahmad, Sara Ambrosino, Bonnie Auyeung, Sarah Baumeister, Christian Beckmann, Thomas Bourgeron, Carsten Bours, Michael Brammer, Daniel Brandeis, Claudia Brogna, Yvette de Bruijn, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Ineke Cornelissen, Flavio Dell’ Acqua, Guillaume Dumas, Christine Ecker, Jessica Faulkner, Vincent Frouin, Pilar Garcés, David Goyard, Hannah Hayward, Joerg Hipp, Mark H. Johnson, Emily J.H. Jones, Prantik Kundu, Meng‐Chuan Lai, Xavier Liogier D'ardhuy, Michael Lombardo, David J. Lythgoe, René Mandl, Luke Mason, Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg, Carolin Moessnang, Nico Mueller, Laurence O'Dwyer, Marianne Oldehinkel, Bob Oranje, Gahan Pandina, Antonio M. Persico, Barbara Ruggeri, Amber Ruigrok, Jessica Sabet, Roberto Sacco, Roberto Toro, Heike Tost, Jack Waldman, Steve C.R. Williams, Caroline Wooldridge, and Marcel P. Zwiers., We thank all participants and their families for their efforts to participate in the study., European Project: 115300,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-03-2010,EU-AIMS(2012), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Medical Faculty [Mannheim], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Tillmann, Julian [0000-0001-9574-9855], Bölte, Sven [0000-0002-4579-4970], Charman, Tony [0000-0003-1993-6549], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, Intelligence, Psychological intervention, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Borderline intellectual functioning, Activities of Daily Living, Psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Genetics (clinical), Research Articles, Adaptive behavior, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Cognition, Europe, symptom severity, Phenotype, Autism spectrum disorder, Cohort, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, adaptive functioning, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual functioning, psychiatric symptoms, Neuroscience (all), Neurology (clinical), 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Sex Factors, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Autism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 204820.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition and IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social-communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social-communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645-657. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social-communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability-adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity.

Published
2019

49. Additional file 1: of The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism

Author

Uzefovsky, Florina, Bethlehem, Richard, Shamay-Tsoory, Simone, Ruigrok, Amber, Holt, Rosemary, Spencer, Michael, Chura, Lindsay, Varun Warrier, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Bullmore, Ed, Suckling, John, Floris, Dorothea, and Baron-Cohen, Simon

Abstract

Figure S1. Analysis of residual head movement based on DVARS, which is a time series of the root mean squares (RMS) of the derivatives of the timecourses of all within-brain voxels for each volume. The analysis was conducted using code publishes by the Brain and Mind Lab at Aalto University, Finland. (PDF 345 kb)

Published
2019
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50. 10Kin1day: A Bottom-Up Neuroimaging Initiative

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van den Heuvel, Martijn P., Scholtens, Lianne H., van der Burgh, Hannelore K., Agosta, Federica, Alloza, Clara, Arango, Celso, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Basaia, Silvia, Benders, Manon J. N. L., Beyer, Frauke, Booij, Linda, Braun, Kees P. J., Busatto Filho, Geraldo, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Chan, Sandra S. M., Chen, Eric Y. H., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Dietsche, Bruno, Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Durston, Sarah, Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Emsley, Robin, Filippi, Massimo, Frodl, Thomas, Gorges, Martin, Graff, Beata, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gasecki, Dariusz, Hall, Julie M., Holleran, Laurena, Holt, Rosemary, Hopman, Helene J., Jansen, Andreas, Janssen, Joost, Jodzio, Krzysztof, Jancke, Lutz, Kaleda, Vasiliy G., Kassubek, Jan, Masouleh, Shahrzad Kharabian, Kircher, Tilo, Koevoets, Martijn G. J. C., Kostic, Vladimir S., Krug, Axel, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Edwin H. M., Lett, Tristram A., Lewis, Simon J. G., Liem, Franziskus, Lombardo, Michael, V, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Margulies, Daniel S., Markett, Sebastian, Marques, Paulo, Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, McDonald, Calm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne L., Menchon, Jose M., Montag, Christian, Moreira, Pedro S., Morgado, Pedro, Mothersill, David O., Merillat, Susan, Mueller, Hans-Peter, Nabulsi, Leila, Najt, Pablo, Narkiewicz, Krzysztof, Naumczyk, Patrycja, Oranje, Bob, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Peper, Jiska S., Pineda, Julian A., Rasser, Paul E., Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Reuter, Martin, Rosa, Pedro G. P., Ruigrok, Amber N., V, Sabisz, Agnieszka, Schell, Ulrich, Seedat, Soraya, Serpa, Mauricio H., Skouras, Stavros, Soriano-Mas, Cares, Sousa, Nuno, Szurowska, Edyta, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Valk, Sofie L., van den Berg, Leonard H., van Erp, Theo G. M., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van Leeuwen, Judith M. C., Villringer, Arno, Vinkers, Christiaan C. H., Vollmar, Christian, Waller, Lea, Walter, Henrik, Whalley, Heather C., Witkowska, Marta, Witte, A. Veronica, Zanetti, Marcus, V, Zhang, Rui, de Lange, Siemon C., van den Heuvel, Martijn P., Scholtens, Lianne H., van der Burgh, Hannelore K., Agosta, Federica, Alloza, Clara, Arango, Celso, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Basaia, Silvia, Benders, Manon J. N. L., Beyer, Frauke, Booij, Linda, Braun, Kees P. J., Busatto Filho, Geraldo, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Chan, Sandra S. M., Chen, Eric Y. H., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Dietsche, Bruno, Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Durston, Sarah, Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Emsley, Robin, Filippi, Massimo, Frodl, Thomas, Gorges, Martin, Graff, Beata, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gasecki, Dariusz, Hall, Julie M., Holleran, Laurena, Holt, Rosemary, Hopman, Helene J., Jansen, Andreas, Janssen, Joost, Jodzio, Krzysztof, Jancke, Lutz, Kaleda, Vasiliy G., Kassubek, Jan, Masouleh, Shahrzad Kharabian, Kircher, Tilo, Koevoets, Martijn G. J. C., Kostic, Vladimir S., Krug, Axel, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Edwin H. M., Lett, Tristram A., Lewis, Simon J. G., Liem, Franziskus, Lombardo, Michael, V, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Margulies, Daniel S., Markett, Sebastian, Marques, Paulo, Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, McDonald, Calm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne L., Menchon, Jose M., Montag, Christian, Moreira, Pedro S., Morgado, Pedro, Mothersill, David O., Merillat, Susan, Mueller, Hans-Peter, Nabulsi, Leila, Najt, Pablo, Narkiewicz, Krzysztof, Naumczyk, Patrycja, Oranje, Bob, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Peper, Jiska S., Pineda, Julian A., Rasser, Paul E., Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Reuter, Martin, Rosa, Pedro G. P., Ruigrok, Amber N., V, Sabisz, Agnieszka, Schell, Ulrich, Seedat, Soraya, Serpa, Mauricio H., Skouras, Stavros, Soriano-Mas, Cares, Sousa, Nuno, Szurowska, Edyta, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Valk, Sofie L., van den Berg, Leonard H., van Erp, Theo G. M., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van Leeuwen, Judith M. C., Villringer, Arno, Vinkers, Christiaan C. H., Vollmar, Christian, Waller, Lea, Walter, Henrik, Whalley, Heather C., Witkowska, Marta, Witte, A. Veronica, Zanetti, Marcus, V, Zhang, Rui, and de Lange, Siemon C.

Published
2019

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