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Background The real-world exposure levels of non-therapeutic antibiotics and neonicotinoids in type 1 diabetes (T1D) children and their associations as environmental triggers through gut microbiota shifts remained unknown. We thus investigated the antibiotics and neonicotinoids’ exposure levels and their associations with gut microbiota in pediatric T1D. Methods Fifty-one newly onset T1D children along with 67 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Urine concentrations of 28 antibiotics and 12 neonicotinoids were measured by mass spectrometry. Children were grouped according to the kinds of antibiotics’ and neonicotinoids’ exposures, respectively. The 16S rRNA of fecal gut microbiota was sequenced, and the correlation with urine antibiotics and neonicotinoids’ concentrations was analyzed. Results The overall detection rates of antibiotics were 72.5% and 61.2% among T1D and healthy children, whereas the neonicotinoids detection rates were 70.6% and 52.2% (P = 0.044). Children exposed to one kind of antibiotic or two or more kinds of neonicotinoids had higher risk of T1D, with the odd ratios of 2.579 and 3.911. Furthermore, co-exposure to antibiotics and neonicotinoids was associated with T1D, with the odd ratio of 4.924. Antibiotics or neonicotinoids exposure did not affect overall richness and diversity of gut microbiota. However, children who were exposed to neither antibiotics nor neonicotinoids had higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae than children who were exposed to antibiotics and neonicotinoids alone or together. Conclusion High antibiotics and neonicotinoids exposures were found in T1D children, and they were associated with changes in gut microbiota featured with lower abundance of butyrate-producing genera, which might increase the risk of T1D.

Objective To investigate the effects of rosuvastatin on the expression profile of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes miRNA gene in the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and screen the differentially expressed miRNAs before and after treatment, and elucidate the mechanisms of rosuvastatin calcium in the treatment of patients with ACS. Methods Nine cases were selected from the patients with ACS treated in the General Hospital of Jinan Military Command from Mar. to Jul. of 2012, with other 9 cases selected as controls, whose degree of coronary artery stenosis was less than 50% as confirmed by 320CT. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated by immunomagnetic beads method. miRNAs of CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by miRNA gene chip technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs between ACS patients and normal control, and those in ACS patients before and after treatment were screened. Three of the maximum difference miRNAs were selected and followed by verification by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results More than 1900 genes were detected by gene microarray, of which more than 300 genes showed significant differences in expression. Comparing the ACS patients and normal controls, 126 genes were significantly up-regulated, including miRNA-21, miRNA-142, and miRNA-20a; and 202 genes were significantly down-regulated, including miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-1273f. A total of 157 genes were significantly up-regulated after treatment with rosuvastatin calcium (20mg/d×10d), such as miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-663b; and 137 genes were significantly down-regulated, such as miRNA-4789, miRNA-5692c, and miRNA-26a. The results were validated by RT-PCR and they were same as miRNA microarray. Conclusion Rosuvastain may play a role in the treatment of patients with ACS by regulating a series of miRNAs such as miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-4789. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.02.04

Short-term load forecasting for streaming load data is an important issue for power system planning, operation and control. Smart meters of Advanced Meter Infrastructure distributed around the distribution power grid produce streams of load at high-speed. The collected data can be characterized as a non-stationary continuous flow. A stream-based short-term demand forecasting model based on ARIMA is proposed. This method is used to forecast hourly electricity demand for next few days ahead. The performance of this methodology is validated with streaming data collected in real-time from the power grid.

The principle of quasi-synchronous discrete fourier transform (DFT) algorithm was introduced and the simulation on the algorithm was carried out. The quasi-synchronous DFT algorithm is independent of the first sample point and it is able to start sampling at any moment. The maximum relative amplitude error and phase error of the algorithm are 0.05 % and 5.4° when the frequency of the signal is between 49.5 Hz and 50.5 Hz. The accuracy of quasi-synchronous DFT algorithm can be improved by scores of times than that of DFT algorithm.

This paper puts forward a dielectric barrier discharge detection system using PMT for photoelectric element. According to faint light signal characteristics and testing purpose of dielectric barrier discharge, this system is designed, including three parts: optical fiber transmission, photoelectric conversion and signal processing circuit. This paper introduces design and ideas of the system framework and presents circuit design parameter. Results in atmospheric pressure of dielectric barrier discharge detection experiment show that the system has high sensitivity, fast response, can effectively distinguish discharge and interference signals, gather more signals in different areas.

Introduces the analog phase compensation technology used in electronic instrument transformer, put forward a method of digital phase compensation in electronic transformer and carries out in the 220KV electronic instrument transformer measurement system, the resolution ratio of the phase compensation is 1 second and the maximum range of the phase compensation is 270 second, which can meet the phase adjustment of electronic instrument transformer; compares the analog compensation technology and digital phase compensation technology, analyzes their characteristics and different applications.

The paper first discusses the feasibility of the wireless communication in GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) substation. The signals inside GIS according to ISA100 standard are first classified and then a scheme to transmit some of the signals by ZigBee wireless is given. A demo example is shown to verify the proposed scheme. In the end, some future modifications and conclusion are discussed.

To determine the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), by itself alone or in combination with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), on height in young girls (bone age≥10 years) with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).Eighty girls with ICPP (9.0±0.7 years old) from six medical centers across Southeast and Southwest China participated in this study. They were allocated to treatment with GnRHa+rhGH (n=31) and GnRHa (n=49) respectively. Girls in the GnRHa+rhGH group (bone age 11.18 ±0.53 years) were treated with GnRHa for 25.29±6.92 months and rhGH for 12.87±7.02 months. Girls in the GnRHa group (bone age 11.03 ±0.50 years) were treated with GnRHa for 25.96±8.95 months. The height standard deviation for bone age (HtSDS-BA), predicted adult height, near-adult height and net height increase before and after treatment were recorded for girls in both groups.HtSDS-BA was significantly improved after treatment for both groups (P0.01) and the HtSDS-BA value was superior in the GnRHa+rhGH group over the GnRHa group (P0.01). Values in near adult height (157±6 cm vs 157±4 cm), net height increase after treatment (4.68 cm vs 3.89 cm), and predicted adult height after drug withdrawal (161±5 cm vs 158±5 cm) were higher in the GnRHa+rhGH group than the GnRHa group, but the differences were not significant.Both GnRHa plus rhGH and GnRHa alone can improve the near adult height in girls with ICPP with a bone age ≥10 years to a similar extent. Adult height predicted based on bone age in ICPP girls following drug withdrawal is usually overestimated and precautions should be taken when this parameter is used.

Familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) is due to constitutive activation of a mutant luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LH/CGR) leading to elevated testosterone synthesis in testicular Leydig cells. In the present study, we have analyzed the LHCGR gene for members of a Chinese FMPP family.Physical examinations have included assessment of penile length, testicular volume and pubic hair. Bone age assessment, levels of testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulations tests were measured. DNA was extracted from blood samples of the proband and his parents using an QIAGEN Blood DNA Mini Kit. The 11 exons of LHCGR gene were amplified using an AmpliTaq PCR system, and the PCR products were sequenced using an ABI3130xl Genetic Analyzer.The affected boy was 3 year and 1 month old and showed typical clinical manifestation of peripheral precocious puberty. His height was 116.8cm (+5.1s) and Tanner stages were PH 2. Testicular volume was 8 mL bilaterally, penile was 8.5 cm × 2.5 cm. Basal testosterone was 2310 ng/L and bone age was 9 years. GnRH stimulation test revealed a prepubertal response to gonadotropin. The peak of LH was 2.66 IU/L, and the peak of FSH was 1.03 IU/L. Upon sequencing exon 11 of the LHCGR, a heterozygous point mutation of nucleotide 1703 from C to T was detected, which resulted in an amino acid transition from Ala (GCC) to Val (GTC) at position 568. Thus the mutation of LHCGR gene was confirmed to be constitutively active. After treating with aromatase inhibitors for half a year, the patient showed an increase in bone age and height by half a year and 4 cm, respectively. The same point mutation was detected in the patient's father, but did not have any influence on his puberty development.A novel point mutation of the LHCGR gene has been identified in a family affected with FMPP. The c.1703CT mutant LHCGR was confirmed to be constitutively active, which has led to maturation and proliferation of Leydig cells. The variable phenotype within the family suggested variable expressivity of the disease.

To study the causes and prognosis of peripheral precocious puberty.The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were detected by a simplified gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. The etiologies of 125 children with peripheral precocious puberty were explored by ultrasound scans and bone age assessment. A total of 102 cases were followed up for 3 months to 7.5 years.The etiological distribution of these children was as follows: exogenous hormones intake (n=80), ovarian cyst (n=11), McCune-Albright syndrome (n=11), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (n=5), ovarian teratoma (n=1), masculine adrenal tumor (n=1), feminine adrenal tumor (n=1), and handle pituitary tumor (n=1). The causes in 14 cases were unknown. Follow-up showed that the sexual characteristics of 72 cases due to exogenous hormones intake subsided after 1-6 months. Of 11 cases with ovarian cysts, the sexual characteristics subsided spontaneously in 8 cases after 1 to 4 months, but one case was transformed to central precocious puberty after 2 years and three months. One child with ovarian cysts underwent an operation and than the sexual characteristics subsided. The sexual characteristics of the patient who had an ovarian teratoma subsided after operation. The clinical symptoms of children with McCune-Albright syndrome or CAH were alliaviated partly after treatment, and 7 cases were transformed to central precocious puberty. The clinical symptoms of 2 cases of adrenal tumors subsided after operation. One child with handle pituitary tumor died one year after operation.Varied causes may contribute to peripheral precocious puberty and therefore must be carefully identified through history taking, physical examination, and auxiliary examinations. The prognosis may differ for patients with different etiologies of peripheral precocious puberty.