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Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners were synthesized by the in-situ exothermic dispersion method using TiO2, C, Al and La2O3 powders as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the microstructures of the Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners. Commercial pure aluminum was refined by the Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners, aimed at investigating refining performance and the resistance to recession. The results show that the Al–TiO2– C–La2O3 refiner with 0.2% La2O3 is composed of α-Al, blocky Al3Ti, dispersive Al2O3 and TiC, which has a better refining effect on commercial pure aluminum than the Al– TiO2–C refiner. The average grain size refined by the above refiner is about 80 μm and it performs better and has a longer refining effect. The grain structure refined by Al–TiO2– C–La2O3 becomes finer within 5 min and remains the same after 120 min, while refined by the Al–TiO2–C refiner the equivalent times are 10 min and 30 min respectively.

A cationic covalent organic polymer with bifunctional active site was synthesized, which was treated by N, N'-bis(5-bromomethylsalicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine (salen ligand) and tris(1H-imidazol-1-yl) triazine (TIT) in the presence of aluminum ethoxide. The bifunctional cationic covalent organic polymer was investigated by various characterization technologies including PXRD, FT-IR, XPS, TG, SEM, EDS, N2-adsorption and CO2-adsorption. In this polymer, aluminum acts as lewis acid site and bromine ion acts as nucleophile, cooperatively catalyzing the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Due to its cooperative effect, a higher catalytic activity was found to exhibit 98.1% conversion of epichlorohydrin under optimized conditions (Initial pressure 1.0 MPa, 0.57 mol% catalyst of COP-Al, 90 °C, reaction time 18 h, in the absence of a co-catalyst). Notably, the heterogeneous catalyst still showed good activity and stability after five cycles. A salen-based cationic covalent organic polymers (COP-Al) was used as a bifunctional catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides with high activity under solvent-free and co-catalyst-free conditions.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel category of crystalline porous materials, which have become preferred heterogeneous catalysts for many reactions. MOFs are widely used in catalysis because of a combination of many advantages, such as large pore dimensions and surface area, abundant active sites, and possibility to be designed and modified after synthesis. As an important branch of the MOF family, lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs)—comprising a variety of multitopic organic ligands and Ln3+ ions/clusters—are a very fascinating MOF materials with complex and diverse topologies. As the functional metal center of MOFs, lanthanide metal ions have a higher coordination number and abundant coordination geometries compared with transition metal ions, which establishes the potential application of Ln-MOFs in the field of catalysis. In addition, Ln-MOFs have the same characteristics as MOFs, including structural diversity and tailorability, high surface area, and high thermal and chemical stability; therefore, Ln-MOFs and their derivatives are suitable for heterogeneous catalysis under various conditions. In this review, an overview of the recent developments achieved in Ln-MOF catalysis, including heterogeneous organic catalysis and photocatalysis over Ln-MOFs and their derivative materials, is provided.

An efficient synthesis of 3-(diarylallylidene)oxindoles from 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,1-diarylpropan-1-ol under metal-free conditions is described. NBS serves as a critical medium leading to a facile oxygen-migration in the transformation. The protocol has advantages of high efficiency, simple opreation, mild reaction conditions, good atom-economy, wide substrate scope and good yields of products. A detailed mechanism is proposed after careful investigation.

A rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of indoloquinazolinone from a readily available hypervalent iodonium reagent and N-carboxamide indole was developed. The protocol features broad functional group tolerance, mild conditions, and excellent yields. The target products were obtained simply by filtration, without tedious column chromatography. Notably, the noble metal catalyst system can be recycled effectively at least ten times. The strategy may be amenable to industrial production.

Near-eutectic Al-Si alloys have low strength and high brittleness because of the presence of many eutectic b-Si flakes, needle-like Al-Fe-Si intermetallics, and coarse α-Al grains. This study disclosed the effects of cerium-rich RE (rare earth) element modification on orientation characters of crystals, formation of Al-Ce compounds, and microstructural refinement to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The RE addition depressed preferential growth along the close-packed and/or sub-closepacked planes and promoted growth along the non-closepacked planes, in which La and other elements were dissolved into needle-like Al11Ce3 phase. When the temperature decreased, Al11Ce3 was preferentially crystallized from the melts and then devitrified by attaching to the surface of β-Al5FeSi needles. Moreover, many small Al11Ce3 particles were precipitated in the matrix and on the Si surface by a T6 heat treatment. Eutectic β-Si phases were constructed into discontinuous networks, short rods, and even particles by RE additions, which were further transformed into fine nodules following the T6 treatment. α-Al grains and primary β-Al5FeSi needles were simultaneously refined. The addition of 1.0 wt.% REs and subsequent T6 treatment yielded the highest tensile strength, elongation, and hardness of the alloy.

An N-bromosuccinimide-mediated cascade reaction involving the cyclization/oxygen-migration/ring-contraction process of 3-(β, β-diaryl) indolylethanol was disclosed. A variety of spiro 3,3'-cyclopropyl oxindole derivatives were efficiently synthesized in good yields under mild reaction conditions. A possible mechanism was suggested based on intermediate isolation and computational studies.

This study aims to investigate the correlation between the trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and new renal damage in a nonhypertensive population.This prospective cohort study included a total of 14 382 nonhypertensive individuals, employees of Kailuan Group of Companies, who took part in five healthy examinations in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013, and 2014-2015, and had complete data. These individuals were divided into four groups according to the different trajectories of SBP: low-low, low-stable, middle-high, and high-high groups. The correlation between the trajectory of SBP and new renal damage in a nonhypertensive population was analyzed using a multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model.(a) A total of 14 382 individuals had complete data and the average age of these individuals was 44.6±10.8 years. Among these, 10 888 (75.7%) individuals were men and 3494 (24.3%) individuals were women. (b) These individuals were divided into four groups according to different trajectories of blood pressure: low-low group, accounting for 13.15% (blood pressure was106 mmHg); low-stable group, accounting for 53.91% (blood pressure was between 115 and 116 mmHg); middle-high group, accounting for 28.77% (blood pressure was between 125 and 131 mmHg); and high-high group, accounting for 4.6% (blood pressure was between 126 and 151 mmHg). (c) With the increase in the trajectory of SBP, the detection rate of renal damage increased gradually. From the low-low group to the high-high group, the detection rates of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m were 2.3, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.3%, respectively; the positive rates of urinary protein were 1.7, 2.9, 3.8, and 5.5%, respectively; and the detection rates of eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m or positive urinary protein were 4, 5.2, 7.3, and 9.3%, respectively (P0.05). (d) After adjustment for other confounding factors, multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis showed that compared with the low-low group, the risk of eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m increased by nearly 1.5 times in the high-high group and in the low-stable, middle-high, and high-high groups, the risks of positive urinary protein, eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m, or positive urinary protein increased by 1.48-2.34 and 1.20-1.70 times, respectively.In a nonhypertensive population, the high trajectory of SBP is a risk factor for kidney damage.

As a by-product of the oil industry, corn germ meal is mainly applied as a high-protein ingredient in animal feeds, without any application of the specific functional properties of corn germ protein (CGP). Factors influencing the gelation properties of CGP in relation to its dynamic rheology are still unclear owing to limited information.; Results: CGP concentrate was recovered by the isoelectric precipitation method, and factors affecting its gelation properties were investigated using a rheometer. A weak gel formed at natural pH with 0.3 mol L-1 NaCl, and the minimum gel-forming concentration was observed at 150 g kg-1 . Higher CGP protein concentrations induced stiffer gels, and linear relationships were found between protein concentration and gel stiffness (G') as well as between protein concentration and gel viscosity (G″). Lower heating and cooling rate promoted the formation of stiffer gels. CGP gelation was both NaCl- and pH-dependent. Sodium tripolyphosphate significantly increased gel stiffness with increasing concentration. No difference in gel elasticity (tanδ) was observed with the inclusion of various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium polyphosphate.; Conclusion: Heating and cooling rate, NaCl, protein concentration, pH and phosphates all impact the gel-forming ability of CGP concentrate. Desired gel properties can be obtained through adjustment of these factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

According to recent studies, food-borne microorganisms are closely related to human diseases, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome was found to be a common pathogenic mechanism underlying several kinds of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, neural deficiency, etc

New binuclear alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridyl complexes with flexible bridges have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. These compounds can gelate a variety of organic solvents via multiple intermolecular interactions such as metal–metal (Pt⋯Pt) and π–π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions, and van der Waals forces, which were confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, rheological studies, temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Moreover, compound 1b with a longer flexible bridge (–O(CH2)6O–) exhibited higher gelation ability than that of compound 1a with a shorter flexible bridge (–O (CH2)4O–). A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the xerogels from different organic solvents gave a visual image showing that fibrillar aggregates are entangled in three-dimensional network structures.

An aluminum matrix composite reinforced by TiC and Al2O3 particles was synthesized using TiO2, C, and Al powder by the in-situ reaction. The effects of deformation parameters on the microstructure of the TiC-Al2O3/Al composite were investigated using XRD, SEM and TEM. The result shows that the strain rate and deformation temperature influence the size, styles, and distribution of the second phase. Reinforcements are dispersed in a distribution with increasing deformation temperature and strain rate. However, broken Al3Ti exhibits redissolution phenomenon. The new precipitated Al3Ti phase will precipitate from the strain-induced solid solution when the total strain increases to a certain degree at a high deformation temperature.

Background This study was to assess effects of carvedilol on ventricular remodeling and expression of β 3 -adrenergic receptor (β 3 -AR) and Gi protein in a rat model of diabetes subjected to myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Rat model of type II diabetes was established by injection of streptozotion. MI was then induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were then randomly divided into two groups treated with either placebo (PL) or carvedilol (CA - 10mg·kg −1 ·d − 1 ). Additional controls consisted of sham-operated rats with diabetes (DS) and rats fed a normal diet subjected to myocardial infarction (NM). Echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies were performed to assess the structural and functional changes. β 3 -AR and Gi mRNA in the myocardium distal from the infarction region were measured, and β 3 -AR and Gi protein were measured with western blot. Results There were no significant differences in MI size among the three MI groups. In the PL group, LVEDd, LVWI, E/A and CVF were significantly increased, while LVEF and PW% significantly decreased as compared with the DS and NM groups. Compared with the DS group, the expression of β 3 -AR and Gi mRNA and protein in the PL group was significantly increased, however, in the CA group, β 3 -AR and Gi mRNA and protein were decreased. Conclusions The expression of β 3 -AR and Gi mRNA and protein was increased in diabetic rats subjected to MI as compared with rats subject to either condition alone. Carvedilol treatment prevented many of these deleterious effects.

The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway has been reported to protect cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury; however, the role of Shh and relevant molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9C2 was subjected to hypoxia and serum-starvation for 4 h. Cells were subsequently reoxygenated using 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the expression of Shh mRNA, while cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity and p53 expression were measured by western blotting and an MTT assay was subsequently used to assess cell viability. In addition, reactive oxygen species levels were measured using dichlorofluorescein and H/R-induced changes in the activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin activation were assessed using western blotting. H/R treatment decreased the cell viability of H9C2 cells, but activated endogenous Shh signaling. The activation of Shh signaling protected H9C2 myocardial cells from H/R-induced apoptosis and restored cell viability. In the present study, Shh signaling was demonstrated to serve a protective role against H/R by activating the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and promoting the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes to ameliorate oxidative stress. In summary, Shh signaling attenuated H/R-induced apoptosis through via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

“Spawn-burning” syndrome has become one of the most serious problem for edible mushroom cultivation in mushroom bags at high growth temperatures in China. The symptoms of spawn-burning are that the mushroom mycelia ceases growth, dies, and becomes contaminated with mould and bacteria. This article used Pleurotus eryngii as material to study the cause of spawn-burning syndrome. Spawn-burning of P. eryngii occurred at 34 °C, which was far lower than maximum growth temperature of 38 °C or the lethal temperature of 41 °C. Aerobic respiration increased at high growth temperature. At 34 °C, there was increased oxygen consumption by aerobic respiration and decreased dissolved oxygen content in the mushroom bags resulting in anoxia. Anaerobic respiration increased with higher anaerobic respiratory enzyme activities for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased. The anaerobic respiration metabolites of ethanol, acetaldehyde and lactate accumulated, which have an inhibitory effect on mushroom mycelia growth. In conclusion, inadequate oxygen supply in the bags to the mycelia was correlated to spawn-burning at high growth temperature. On this basis, methods to increase oxygen supply for mushroom bags will need to be developed to control spawn-burning for edible mushroom production.

Self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene hydrogels (RGHs) were fabricated by the facile chemical reduction of a graphene oxide (GO) dispersion with ammonia using acetaldehyde oxime as reducing and doping agent. The chemical reduction of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The hierarchical porosity and structures of the resulting RGHs can be demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and N2 sorption experiments. Benefiting from the developed porosity with micro-meso hierarchical pore texture, the specific capacitance of RGHs exhibited high specific capacitances of 230.4, 155.3, 234.2, 155.1 and 191.8 F g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 for RGHs-1, RGHs-2, RGHs-5, RGHs-10 and RGHs-15 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. More importantly, the RGHs maintained high capacitances of 167.1, 110.4, 142.3, 106.9 and 142.3 F g−1 (the retention rates are 72.5, 71.1, 60.8, 68.9 and 74.2% for RGHs-1, RGHs-2, RGHs-5, RGHs-10 and RGHs-15) at a very high current density of 20 A g−1, indicating good electrochemical stability and a high degree of reversibility in the repetitive charge/discharge cycling test.

Molecular forces involved in corn germ proteins (CGP) gelation were investigated using a rheometer. With the inclusion of urea and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), the storage moduli (G′) of CGP gels tends to decrease. This is an indication that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds are present. The involvement of propylene glycol (PG) provides evidence that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are present. The impact of thiocyanate (NaSCN) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) further proves the involvement of hydrogen bonds. The effects of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) reveal that involvement of disulfide bonds contribute to CGP gel stiffness. Reheating and recooling tests revealed that during the initial cooling phase the gel is thermally reversible and higher levels of G′ suggested more hydrogen bonds are formed when recooled. It can be deduced that hydrogen bonds play a greater role than hydrophobic interactions from the increasing G′ during cooling and recooling.

Due to their hydrophobic characteristics, hydrophobins function in a broad range of processes in the growth and development of filamentous fungi. In this study, a novel hydrophobin, PN1, was purified from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus nebrodensis by first removing other proteins from mycelial cell walls with hot SDS solution. The molecular mass of PN1 was approximately 10.7 kDa. The N-terminal AA sequence was QESPVNQCNTGSIEECKTVQ, which did not match that of any other mushroom hydrophobin described thus far. Levels of hydrophobin PN1 protein in the tissue of fruiting bodies was decreased by fruiting body development under low temperatures. Low levels of hydrophobin PN1 was correlated to the formation of water-soaked blotches on fruiting body tissues that appeared dark and translucent, and were usually sunken. In addition, hydrophobin PN1 levels were correlated with protecting fruiting bodies against surface bacterial colonization and multiplication. Low levels of hydrophobin PN1 resulted in water-soaked blotches that had high levels of surface bacteria belonging to multiple species when compared with nonsymptomatic tissue of fruiting bodies with higher hydrophobin PN1. These results show a direct link between mushroom hydrophobins and resistance of mushrooms to bacterial attack.

With the development of rural tourism, the cooperation of villages has become very important. Identifying the status and importance of each village can contribute to better understanding of the integrated rural tourism management and sustainable rural tourism development. The research focused on 46 villages of Yesanpo scenic spot in China (39°35'-40° north latitude, and 115°16'- 115°30' east longitude). Integrating the method of Geographical Information System (GIS) and social network analysis, the spatial centrality and interrelation of each village in Yesanpo tourism destination were evaluated. The results showed that Xinggezhuang is the spatial core village of the whole 46 villages in Yesanpo tourism areas; Xinggezhuang, Nanzhuang, Zhenchang, Daze, Liujiahe and Zishikou are sub-core villages of the six tourism spots. Magezhuang, Ximagezhuang, Eyu, Zishikou, Daze, Shangzhuang, Zhenchang and Xiazhuang should be support of the core villages, which provide subsidiary services and connects with other nodes. The results also indicated that the study of the village centrality will contribute to build an integrated hierarchy structure and to provide sufficient basis for further development of rural tourism destination.

To study the therapeutic effect of rhSCF early administration on rhesus monkeys with severe acute radiation sickness(ARS).Twelve adult monkeys totally exposed to 7.0 Gy6 animals treated with rhSCF all survived, while 2 in irradiated controls survived on 40 day after radiation. rhSCF treatment promoted hematopoiesis recovery significantly, increased the nadir of white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets, and simplified supportive care in ARS rhesus monkeys.RhSCF injection soon after TBI taken shows an significant therapeutic efficiency on rhesus monkeys with severe acute radiation sickness.

Gelation property, thermal property, protein subunits distribution, and molecular forces involved in gelation of alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate were investigated using texture analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and various reagents. Results showed that salts and pH played important roles in gel firmness, and a power law relationship between gel firmness and protein concentration was observed. The effects of various reagents revealed that disulfide bonds play a major role in soy protein gel formation, while the involvement of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and/or hydrophobic interactions also occurred in gel networks. Thermal analysis indicated that both alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate and commercial soy protein isolate (isoelectric precipitation) have undergone serious denaturation, while the gel firmness of alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate was significantly greater than that of commercial soy protein isola...

Pleurotus eryngii is a commercially important edible mushroom cultivated widely in Asia, Europe, and North America. We developed a new type of solid spawn (stick spawn) to cultivate P. eryngii. Adopting stick spawn in P. eryngii cultivation reduced spawn running time and improved the yield and biological efficiency (BE). The spawn running time of artificial logs inoculated with stick spawn was only 29.9 days, whereas that of the artificial logs inoculated with sawdust spawn was 53.2 days. The use of stick spawn reduced the spawn running time by 23.3 days (43.8%) compared with the use of sawdust spawn. In addition, adopting stick spawn increased the mushroom yield by 11.5% compared with the use of sawdust spawn. In conclusion, the use of stick spawn resulted in shorter spawn running time and higher mushroom yield and BE.

Hot compression behavior of TiC–Al2O3/Al composites was studied using the Gleeble-1500 system at a temperature range of 300–550 °C and at strain rate range of 0.01–10.00 s−1. The associated structural changes were studied by TEM observations. The results show that stress level decreases with deformation temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing, which can be represented by a Zener–Hollomon parameter in an exponent-type equation with hot deformation activation energy Q of 172.56 kJ·mol−1. Dynamic recovery occurs easily when strain rates are less than 10.00 s−1. Dynamic recrystallization can occur at strain rate of 10.00 s−1.

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), P53 and telomerase on angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma tissue. Methods A total of 95 surgical resection samples of gastric cancer tissue after pathological diagnosis are collected to observe the VEGF, P53 and telomerase expression using immunohistochemical methods. Relationship between their expression and its influence on angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma tissue were analyzed. Results Microvascular density (MVD) and the expression of VEGF, P53 and telomerase were positively correlated. Expression of VEGF and P53 protein were related to tumor type and lymph metastasis, and also a correlation was observed between P53 and VEGF. The telomerase expression had no correlation with VEGF, and P53. Conclusions VEGF angiogenesis has a angiogenesis promoting effect on gastric cancer tissue development and plays an important role in tumor generation and metastasis. Mutant P53 promotes the tumor angiogenesis generation by adjusting VEGF. Telomerase has a certain role in promoting activity of angiogenesis through different way rather than P53.

Orthogonal experiment method was used on DC CMT welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. The tensile test was carried out on the CMT5305 microcomputer control universal testing machine .The effect regular of welding current, arc length correction and welding speed on tensile strength and elongation was analyzed and acquired the optimal combination of process parameters. That is, welding current is 62A, arc length correction is +30% and welding speed is 50cm/min. The microhardness test on joints was carried out. Its found that the curve of microhardness is "W" shaped and the micro-hardness of HAZ is minimum and that of weld zone is maximum.

Insect chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that are required for the degradation of glycosidic bonds of chitin. In this study, we identified and characterized a full-length cDNA of the chitinase gene (BdCht2) in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. The cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1449 bp that encodes 483 amino acid residues and 126- and 296-bp non-coding regions at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. The BdCht2 genome has four exons and three introns. The predicted molecular mass of the deduced BdCht2 is approximately 54.3 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 5.97. The 977 bp 5' flanking region was identified and the transcription factor binding sites were predicted. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of BdCht2 had 34%–66% identity to that of chitinases identified in other insect species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that BdCht2 was mainly expressed during the larval-pupal and pupal-adult transitions. The tissue-specific expression showed that the highest expression was in the integument, followed by the fat body and other tissues. Moreover, the expression of BdCht2 was upregulated significantly upon 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) at different dose injections after 8 h compared to that of the control. Starvation also increased the expression of BdCht2 in the third-instar larvae and was suppressed again by re-feeding the insects. These results suggest that BdCht2 plays an important role in the molting process of B. dorsalis larvae and can be regulated by 20E.

Bacterial brown blotch disease, caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, has been one of the most serious bacterial diseases of the oyster mushroom. Resistance to disease has been a priority in breeding programs for the oyster mushroom. In this study, a set of 37 Pleurotus ostreatus strains was tested for resistance to the pathogen P. tolaasii by two methods, with inoculations on pileus and spawned substrate under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that the protocol with inoculation on spawned substrate was sensitive and adequate for testing resistance of oyster mushroom to brown blotch disease. According to the disease severity of fruiting bodies with inoculation on spawned substrates, strain ACCC50618 was resistant; ACCC50236 was moderate resistant; and the others were susceptible to the pathogen P. tolaasii (ACCC 01267). However, it was difficult to differentiate the resistance of P. ostreatus strains to P. tolaasii by inoculation on the pileus. This is the first report about resistance evaluation of P. ostreatus to brown blotch disease.

As a by-product of the oil industry, corn germ meal is mainly applied as a high-protein ingredient in animal feeds, without any application of the specific functional properties of corn germ protein (CGP). Factors influencing the gelation properties of CGP in relation to its dynamic rheology are still unclear owing to limited information.CGP concentrate was recovered by the isoelectric precipitation method, and factors affecting its gelation properties were investigated using a rheometer. A weak gel formed at natural pH with 0.3 mol LHeating and cooling rate, NaCl, protein concentration, pH and phosphates all impact the gel-forming ability of CGP concentrate. Desired gel properties can be obtained through adjustment of these factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Auricularia auricula-judae, also known as black wood ear, is one of the most popular edible mushrooms in China. But the confusion about cultivars has limited the development of A. auricula-judae production. In this article, 17 polymorphic SSR markers were cloned and used to differentiate the cultivars of A. auricula-judae. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these SSR ranged from 0.10 to 0.84, while the average was 0.47. The number of alleles detected for each locus was 2–11, with an average of 4.7 alleles per locus. The dendrogram, based on 17 SSR markers by UPGMA clustering, could differentiate the 16 A. auricula-judae cultivars in this study. In fact, the 16 cultivars analyzed in this study could be efficiently differentiated using a combination of three polymorphic SSR loci with high PIC. The total of 17 polymorphic SSR loci could also be amplified correctly in the A. polytricha strains surveyed. This is the first report on the development of SSR markers in the genus Auricularia.

In this paper, rare earth La modifying ZL101 alloy was studied by using of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, universal materials tester and small-load Brinell hardness. The influence of T6 heat treatment of the alloy’s microstructure and properties was also studied. The results show that microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy have much obvious modification effect at modification temperature (690°C). The microstructure and mechanical properties are improved remarkably when La content is up to 0.15wt%.

The tubular electro-thermal component will produce thermal stress when water in the tube is heated by electricity, which is one of important factors to cause the fracture. In this paper, the finite element simulation and theoretical analyzing methods are used to analyze the thermal stress field of the electro-thermal component tube with different substrates, i.e., quartz glass and borosilicate glass. The result shows that under the same condition, the highest temperature of electro-thermal component using borosilicate glass substrate is higher than that using quartz substrate. When in service, the inner surface of electro-thermal component endures tensile stress and the outer surface endures compressive stress. The inner surface produces greater thermal stress and therefore fracture is more likely to emerge on the inner surface. Therefore, in order to prevent forming of the fracture and reduce the thermal stress, compared with borosilicate glass, priority should be given to quartz glass as the material for manufacturing electro-thermal component.

TiC-Al2O3 particles were fabricated in situ by contact reaction（CR） in an Al–Ti2O–C system. The reaction behavior and formation path of Al2O3, TiC were investigated. Results show that the reaction temperature for the CR is higher than that for the directly sintering due to different thermal conductibility of mediums. The typical layered reaction products were observed. A proposed core–shell model explained the structure formation for the CR composites. Al3Ti and Al4C3 were suggested transition phases during the contact reaction process.

To investigate the relationship between expression of Smad3, Smad7 and ventricular remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction.Myocardial infarction was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in rats (n = 11) and sham-operated rats were used as control (n = 10). The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), mean blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), collagen content in the un-infarcted area were examined. The mRNA levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)beta(1), Smad 3, Smad7 were determined by RT-PCR.Compared with controls, the level of HW/BW, LVEDP and collagen content were significant increased. The mRNA expression of TGFbeta(1) and Smad3 was significantly increased in areas of myocardial infarction, border of the infarction, interventricular septum and right ventricle. The expression of Smad7 mRNA in these areas was decreased.These results indicated that TGFbeta(1)-Smads signaling was correlated to the ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Smad3 might promote the process while Smad7 inhibit the process.

To evaluate the effects of ACEI, AT1 receptor antagonism, and combination of these two drugs on ventricular remodeling, and the vary of eNOS in rats with myocardial infarction (MI).Eighty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups at twenty-four hours after MI, and treated for 2 weeks and 6 weeks. (1) MI-placebo (n = 22); (2) MI-Fosinopril (n = 20, 10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)); (3) MI-Irbesartan (n = 23, 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)); (4) MI-Fosinopril + Irbesartan (n = 21, 10 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) + 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)); and sham-ligation. Mean blood pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were evaluated, as well as ventricular weight (VW)/body weight (BW) ratio. The total collagen was quantified by histomorphometry. The expressions of eNOS mRNA and protein within the noninfarction zone were determined by RT-PCR and histomorphometry.Acute myocardial infarction resulted in a significant increase of LVEDP (P0.05), LVDd (P0.01), and VW/BW (P0.01), and total collagen (at 2 weeks 6.1 +/- 0.7 vs 3.6 +/- 0.5 and at 6 weeks 5.1 +/- 0.8 vs 3.6 +/- 0.4, P0.01) in noninfarcted region. Treatment with fosinopril, irbesartan and combination of these two drugs improved them. At the sixth week, irbesartan and combination therapy decreased more significantly total collagen compared with fosinopril (3.4 +/- 0.7 and 3.3 +/- 0.7 vs 4.2 +/- 0.6, P0.05). The level of eNOS mRNA expression increased more significantly in combination therapy group than in fosinopril or irbesartan group alone (at 2 weeks 1.55 +/- 0.17, at 6 weeks 1.61 +/- 0.16, P0.01). eNOS protein increased.Fosinopril or irbesartan alone, and combination of these two drugs can improve hemodynamics, limited myocardial hypertrophy, attenuated the development of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the noninfarcted left ventricule. The use of irbesartan, especially combined with fosinopril was more effective than fosinopril alone in the suppression interstitial fibrosis. Combination therapy was more effective than fosinopril and irbesartan alone in enhancing eNOS mRNA and protein expression.

Substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and leu-enkephalin in plasma and gastric juice of patients with precancerous lesions and gastric cancer