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Hypoxic germination tolerance is an important trait for seedling establishment of direct-seeded rice. Our comparative metabolomics analysis revealed that weedy rice accumulated more sugar and amino acids than cultivated rice accumulated in the embryo and coleoptile tissues under hypoxic stress. At the transcriptional level, oxidative phosphorylation activity in weedy rice was higher than in cultivated rice that likely led to more efficient energy metabolism during hypoxic stress. Based on our comparative proteomics analysis, enriched proteins related to cell wall implied that the advantages in energy metabolism of weedy rice were ultimately reflected in the formation of tissue structures. In this study, we found that most of key hypoxic germination tolerance (HGT) genes shared the same genetic backgrounds with Oryza japonica, however, several of them genetically similar to other Oryza plant also play important roles. Our findings suggest weedy rice can serve as genetic resources for the improvement of direct-seeding rice.

Active surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIV) in wetlands and lakes is important for exploring the gene pool in wild birds. Through active surveillance from 2015 through 2019, 10,900 samples from wild birds in central China were collected, and 89 AIVs were isolated, including 2 subtypes of highly pathogenic AIV and 12 of low-pathogenic AIV; H9N2 and H6Ny were the dominant subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated that extensive intersubtype reassortments and frequent intercontinental gene exchange occurred in AIVs. AIV gene segments persistently circulated in several migration seasons, but interseasonal persistence of the whole genome was rare. The whole genomes of one H6N6 and polymerase basic 2 (PB2), polymerase acidic (PA), hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M, and nonstructural (NS) genes of one H9N2 virus were found to be of poultry origin, suggesting a spillover of AIVs from poultry to wild birds. Importantly, one H9N2 virus only bound to human-type receptor, and one H1N1, four H6, and seven H9N2 viruses possessed dual receptor-binding capacity. Nineteen of 20 representative viruses tested could replicate in the lungs of mice without preadaptation, which poses a clear threat of infection in humans. Together, our study highlights the need for intensive AIV surveillance.

Two dammarane glycosides (1-2) were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. The structures of new compounds were established by application of spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR, HRESIMS, and chemical hydrolysis. When evaluated against seven human cancer cell lines, the two compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells.

G protein subunit β1 (GNB1), the beta subunit of the G protein family, plays an important role in regulating transmembrane signal transduction. Although a recent study has demonstrated that GNB1 can bind the matrix protein 1 (M1) to facilitate M1 transport to budding sites and promote the release of progeny influenza A virus (IAV), whether the GNB1 protein has other functions in IAV replication requires further study. Here, we found that GNB1 promoted IAV replication, as virus yield decreased in GNB1 knockdown or knockout cells. GNB1 interacted with polymerase subunits PB2, PB1, and PA. Overexpressed GNB1 facilitated PB2 binding to importin α3, α5, and α7 promoting the nuclear import of PB2, enhancing viral RNA synthesis and polymerase activity. Altogether, our results demonstrated that GNB1 positively regulates virus replication by interacting with polymerase subunits and facilitating the nuclear import of PB2, which provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of IAV. IMPORTANCE Until now, there has been only one article on the role of GNB1 in IAV budding. No study has investigated the role of GNB1 in IAV replication. In this study, our research demonstrated that GNB1 could increase the interaction between PB2 and the importin α isoform and mediate the nuclear import of PB2. Therefore, GNB1 could promote viral replication and transcription. Our results provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and provide potential antiviral drug targets.

Two dammarane glycosides (

Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8–24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8–21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3–53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5–16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is caused by the arthropod-borne bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which is classified in family Rhabdoviridae and genus Ephemerovirus. However, it is still unclear whether yaks from the Tibetan plateau of China are exposed to BEFV. It is the first time that a survey was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of BEFV infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Tibetan Plateau of China. A total of 1123 serum samples were collected randomly from yaks from 2012 to 2015 and were assayed for BEFV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportions of positive serum samples were assessed among the 1123 samples, as well as factors of geographical origin and years. The results showed that there were 454 serum samples that tested positive for BEFV, and the total positive rate is 40.4 %. The prevalence in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 was 49.3, 36, 44.1, and 34.0 %, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (P 0.01). In different regions, the prevalence was ranged from 34.7 to 45.7 % with a significant difference among the different regions of (P 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that yaks in Tibet (Xizang autonomous region) (45.7 %) had 1.6 times (OR = 1.589, 95 % CI = 1.141-2.215, P 0.01) higher risk of being seropositive compared to yaks in Qinghai province, while no regional difference was found of Sichuan province compared to Qinghai (P 0.05). The prevalence in 2012 (49.3 %) was more than 1.8 time (OR = 1.880, 95 % CI = 1.350-2.619, P 0.001) at risk of acquiring the infection compared to the year of 2015. The prevalence of yaks in 2014 (44.1 %) had a 1.5 times (OR = 1.528, 95 % CI = 1.350-2.619, p 0.001) at risk of being seropositive compared to yaks in 2015, while no year difference was found of 2013 compared to 2015 (P 0.05). Our study suggests that the yaks from the high plateau are highly infected by BEFV, and geographical origin and years are main risk factors for BEF seroprevalence.

To analyze the clinical efficacy and possible influencing factors of autologous hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Clinical data of 40 MM patients received auto-HSCT in the Department of Hematology of Henan Cancer Hospital from September 2010 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the clinical curative efficiency was summarized and the related factors were analyzed.The curative efficiency of the patients before transplantation was 9(22.5%) with complete remission(CR), 5(12.5%) with very good partial remission(VGPR), 26(65%) with partial remission(PR), respectively, one of them was PR after 3 recurrences. The curative efficiency after transplantation was 22(55%) with complete remission(CR), 12(30%) with very good partial remission(VGPR), 6(15%) with partial remission(PR), respectively. And 2 cases were CR after double transplantation. Median follow-up time was 28.4 (3.1 to 88) months,15 cases presented disease progression, 7 cases were dead, 3-year estimated progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) rate were 45.1% and 82% respectively. Unvariate analysis showed that the OS was affected by ISS stage (P0.05), CR and VGPR (P0.05) after transplantation; PFS was affected by ISS stage (P0.01), before transplantation induction therapy (27 cases with bortezomizomi or thalidomide) (P0.05), disease risk stratification (6 cases in high risk group) (P0.05) , CR and VGPR (P0.05) before transplantation, CR and VGPR (P0.01) after transplantation. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for OS were ISS stage, CR and VGPR after transplantation; the independent prognostic factors for PFS were the CR, VGPR, ISS stage after transplantation and induction therapy before transplant.Auto-HSCT can improve the clinical efficacy and survival rate of MM patients; ISS stage, CR and VGPR after transplantation are independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS, and induction therapy before transplantation is also an independent prognostic factor for PFS.

In this study, a fluorescent nanoprobe based on liposome was synthesized by the hydrophobic interaction of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and indocyanine green(ICG).The nanoprobe was called LipoICG. In order to enhance the stability of liposome, we made a new LipoICG by coating it with human serum albumin (HSA). The new fluorescent nanoprobe, H-LipoICG, was produced for tumor imaging. The LipoICG and H-LipoICG were observed as spherical shape with uniform size distribution. The particle size of LipoICG was 94.47 nm, zeta potential was-43.5 m V and encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 81.5%.The particle size of H-LipoICG was 121.5 nm, zeta potential was-32.3 m V and EE was 98.2%.The coating of HSA could enhance the stability of liposome and increase the EE of ICG. Studies on drug release demonstrated that the release of ICG in H-LipoICG was slower than LipoICG, which suggests that HSA may reduce the ICG leakage from liposome, the fluorescence intensity could be enhanced in the nanoprobe. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that LipoICG and H-LipoICG was not toxic for MCF-7 cells with good biocompatibility. In the study of biodistribution in mice, our experiments demonstrated that H-LipoICG had better tumor targeting ability and exhibited an enhanced fluorescence intensity than LipoICG. An optimize tumor contrast was observed after 8 h intravenous administration, the tumor margins could be clearly detected for up to 24 h after injection. So, H-LipoICG was an effective fluorescent probe for tumor imaging.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in new-born piglets with subsequent economic losses to swine industry. In the current study, gene encoding of 381aa-792aa spike protein (S1) with the main epitope relative to virus neutralization of PEDV was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into vector pET-30A(+). The plasmid was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Meanwhile, recombinant protein expression was induced by isopropy1-β-galactopyranoside (IPTG). After denaturation and renaturation of inclusion bodies, the S1 protein was obtained by using purified recombinant S1 protein in immunized female BALB/c mice. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against S1 protein, named 4C7 by hybridoma technique were gained successfully. The result showed that MAb can specifically respond to S1 protein and PEDV via ELISA, Western bolt and immunofluorescence assay methods. A sandwich ELISA (S-ELISA) was established by using the captured monoclonal antibodies 4C7. The sensitivity and specificity were compared between S-ELISA and RT-PCR, which showed similar sensitivity and specificity. This work indicated that S-ELISA would be a significant tool alongside a specific diagnostic reagent for PEDV in future.

Aiming at the problems of the air flow of railway refrigerated transport equipment, the air distribution of the B10 railway refrigerated car was optimized. This paper find the best position of air supply outlet in the car, the main part of the outlet should be placed at the distance from the position of air return side 7300mm until the tail of the car. The research has been applied and the effect is good.

O curso da Academia Europeia de Polícia designado de “Mentoring, Monitoring and Advising” é essencialmente dirigido a elementos das Forças e Serviços de Segurança que vão desempenhar funções em missões de gestão de crises fora da União Europeia. O esforço cooperacional é no sentido de uniformizar procedimentos quando os elementos das várias políciais da União Europeia vão desempenhar essas missões em países terceiros, sendo relevantes para estas situações as tarefas de orientar, monitorizar e aconselhar. Torna-se desta forma pertinente analisar qual a importância deste curso, organizado pela Guarda Nacional Republicana, no âmbito da formação na Academia Europeia de Polícia. No sentido de analisar da melhor forma a importância suprarreferida, foi utilizado como base de trabalho os Relatórios de Reação à Formação que contêm informação relativo a este curso nos últimos 3 anos. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho de investigação resume-se à análise documental, mais precisamente aos relatórios que contêm questionários onde os participantes e os formadores respondem no final de cada curso para recolher a perceção e opinião dos mesmos. Depois de efetuar a análise, é possível chegar à conclusão de quais os aspetos considerados pelos participantes de pouco ou muito positivo e o que sugerem para os próximos cursos. Concluiu-se que o curso organizado pela Guarda Nacional Republicana encontra-se a um nível bastante satisfatório. No entanto, o curso deveria prolongar-se relativamente ao tempo do mesmo pois os participantes referiram que o período de formação neste âmbito é muito reduzido e desta forma, a atividade torna-se demasiada intensa e cansativa, não conseguindo manter o nível de aprendizagem elevada. Este curso contribui para a obtenção de uma certificação internacional realçando a afirmação da excelência da formação da Guarda Nacional Republicana. The course of the European Police College designated "Mentoring, Monitoring and Advising" is essentially directed to elements of the Forces and Security Services that will perform functions in crisis management missions outside the European Union. The operational effort is in order to regulate procedures to turn easy when elements of several police forces of the European Union perform these missions in foreign countries. So it’s relevant to these situations that exists some guidance, monitoring and advising before and during those missions. It is these pertinently to analyze how important this course is, organized by the National Guard, as part of training in the European Police College. In order to analyze the best way of this importance it was used as a base the reaction reports to the formation that contains information about this course in the last three years. The methodology adopted in this research work comes down to the documentary analysis, and the reports containing questionnaires where participants and trainers answered in the end of each course to collect their perception and opinion. After completing the analysis, it is possible to conclude the aspects considered by the participants and suggest that for the next courses. It was concluded that the course organized by the National Guard it’s in a very satisfactory level but the course should extend its duration. It was noted by the participants that the period for this training is very short because in this way the activity becomes too intense and tiring, that results in a difficulty to keep the high level learning. This course helps to obtain an international certification emphasizing the affirmation of the excellence of the formation of the National Guard.

To investigate the effect of Yisui Shengxue Granule (益髓生血颗粒, YSSXG), a complex Chinese medicine, on the oxidative damage of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease. Twenty-two patients with HbH disease and 22 healthy volunteers were observed. YSSXG was given to patients with HbH disease for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month treatment, blood parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and reticulocyte percent (Ret)] were examined; inclusion bodies in erythrocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); activities of antioxidant defense enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (Cat)] and erythrocyte membrane malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. In patients with HbH disease, measured values of RBC and Hb obtained from the first to the third months after treatment with YSSXG were significantly higher than before treatment (P 0.05) or MDA concentration (P>0.05). However, compared with the healthy counterparts, SOD, GSH-Px, and Cat activities presented at high levels (P

This paper tries to offer lessons about the very long run aspects of a future economy reliant predominantly on renewable energy sources. The evidence is based on past economies and civilizations and their experiences of economic expansion driven by renewable energy resources. The paper proposes that economies around the world, since antiquity, have managed to survive, and even develop and grow driven by renewable energy sources. Successful long run economic growth depended on sound management of demand, supply and trade of wood fuel. Where governments failed to develop appropriate policies, growth and development was severely constrained. Despite the uncertainty about the future, this paper proposes that researchers start to consider the nature of long run economic growth and appropriate policies within renewable energy systems.

Objective To observe the after-effect duration of kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy on Mediterranean anemia. Methods To observe the kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy on 58 cases of Mediterranean anemia and the influence of various relative factors on the after-effect duration. Results The after-effect duration on 58 cases varied from 3-6 months, about 4 months on average, and was not influenced by sex, clinical types, genetic types, types of Mediterranean anemia and other factors. Conclusion Kidney-nourishing and marrow-replenishing therapy used to treat Mediterranean anemia can not only produce good therapeutic effect during treatment but also keep after effect lasting for about 4 months, indicating that the therapy used to treat Mediterranean anemia has good clinical after effect.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and genetic background in patients with beta-thalassemia. METHODS TCM syndromes were surveyed in the selected 78 patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia including 120 parents. The gene mutations were detected separately. The frequency and score of TCM syndromes between the offspring and their parents in different family types were analyzed, and the differences were compared. RESULTS The 73 families were divided into two family types by hereditary characteristics. Family type one meant that genotypes of one of the parents were normal, while the offspring genotypes were heterozygous and were exactly the same as another parent. In the 22 families of type one, the heterozygous offspring manifested 6 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as spontaneous perspiration, dry mouth and dry throat, pale or sallow complexion, tidal fever and night sweating, lassitude and pale fingernails. The heterozygous parents manifested 5 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, aversion to cold and cold limbs, tinnitus, dry mouth and dry throat. The normal parents manifested 3 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, and spontaneous perspiration. TCM syndrome score in the heterozygous offspring was higher than that in the heterozygous and normal parents, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Family type two meant that genotypes of both parents were heterozygous, while the offspring genotypes were heterogenic duplex heterozygotes. In the 51 families of type two, the offspring manifested 9 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as pale or sallow complexion, spontaneous perspiration, dry mouth and dry throat, pale fingernails, tidal fever and night sweating, lassitude, frequent attack of common cold, dysphoria with feverish sensation in chest, and yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera. The parents manifested 3 high-frequency symptoms and signs such as lassitude in loins and knees, dizziness, aversion to cold and cold limbs. TCM syndrome score in the offspring was significant higher than that in the parents (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yisui Shengxue Granule (YSSXG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for reinforcing kidney and nourishing blood, in treating hemoglobin H (HbH) disease. METHODS YSSXG was given orally to 25 patients with HbH disease in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (high incidence area for HbH disease in China) for 3 months as one therapeutic course, 3 times a day, 10 g YSSXG was given each time (dose of YSSXG for children should be reduced properly), and blood transfusion was not given to HbH patients during the course of treatment. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), HbH and reticulocyte (Ret) were observed before and after YSSXG treatment, and side effects were observed during the course of treatment. Meanwhile, the genotype was examined, and the clinical efficacy of YSSXG in treating HbH patients with different genotype was evaluated. RESULTS The levels of Hb, RBC and Ret were obviously increased after YSSXG treatment from the first month to the end of treatment (P

Objective: Multiple evidence suggests an involvement of the dopamine neurotransmitter system in Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, we explore the association of 3’UTR region of 40 bp variable tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) in Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 305 OCD patients and 435 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. OCD was diagnosed with the Forth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria. After polymerase chain reaction of VNTR was used to evaluate the 40 bp VNTR polymorphism in DAT1, a case-control association analysis was performed by the χ2 test. Results: The results showed that no association was found between OCD patients and controls for the genotype distribution (X2 =0.743, P=0.690, df=2) as well as allelic (X2=0.172, P=0.678, OR=0.928, 95% Cl=0.885-1.224) distribution. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the 40 bp VNTR polymorphism in DAT1 may not be associated with susceptibility to OCD in the Chinese Han population studied. However, this result needed to be replicated from different populations.

To investigate the effect of Yisui Shengxue Granule (, YSSXG), a complex Chinese medicine, on the oxidative damage of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease.Twenty-two patients with HbH disease and 22 healthy volunteers were observed. YSSXG was given to patients with HbH disease for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month treatment, blood parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and reticulocyte percent (Ret)] were examined; inclusion bodies in erythrocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); activities of antioxidant defense enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (Cat)] and erythrocyte membrane malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined.In patients with HbH disease, measured values of RBC and Hb obtained from the first to the third months after treatment with YSSXG were significantly higher than before treatment (P0.01). Measured values of Ret from the second to the third months after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (P0.05 and P0.01, respectively). Prior to treatment with YSSXG, TEM images of RBCs showed the presence of numerous inclusion bodies. After treatment with YSSXG, the amount and volume of inclusion bodies decreased. Treatment with YSSXG also led to a significant increase in SOD activity (P0.01), a decrease in Cat activity (P0.01), and no significant differences in GSHPx activity (P0.05) or MDA concentration (P0.05). However, compared with the healthy counterparts, SOD, GSH-Px, and Cat activities presented at high levels (P0.01) both before and after treatment.YSSXG could improve the degree of hemolysis and anemia in patients with HbH disease. The mechanism may be related to its antioxidative effects, which could elevate the activity of total SOD in erythrocytes and efficiently inhibit the oxidative precipitation of β-globin chains.

The clinical characteristics of 357 patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease from the Guangxi province of Southern China were studied. One hundred and ninety-one (53.3%) patients were diagnosed with HbH-Constant Spring, 19 were diagnosed with HbH Westmead. Ten patients were shown to have coinherited HbH-Constant Spring/QS with a β-thalassemia mutation. Coinheritance of the β-thalassemia gene does not alleviate anemia (8.2 ± 2.3 vs. 7.6 ± 1.7 g/dl, p = 0.276), or influence age at diagnosis (20.2 ± 19.6 vs. 12.9 ± 11.0 years, p = 0.276). Ferritin levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with the nondeletional form of the disease (475 ± 719 vs. 249 ± 264 ng/ml, p = 0.005).

To investigate the carrier ratio and the genotype of thalassemia among students of secondary school in Chongzuo, Guangxi.From June 10-20, 2008 among 7 regions of Chongzuo, 1 secondary school was randomly chosen from each region, and the number of student volunteers was determined by 0.5 per thousand proportion of the local population size. 1097 students were screened, including 515 boys and 582 girls of 12-16 year olds. Among them, 968 cases were Zhuang (438 boys and 530 girls) 128 cases were Han (76 boys and 52 girls) and one case was Yao nationalities (boy). Analysis of blood cells was detected by Cell Dyn 1700 automatic hemocyte analysator while hemoglobin F (HbF) and hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) were detected by hemoglobin autoanalyse variant. Among those with HbAor = 4% that belonged to beta-thalassemia before alpha and beta-thalassemia gene were analyzed to identify the genotypes. If HbA2 was4% but MCVor = 80 fl, alpha-thalassemia gene was analyzed.Among 1097 cases, 218 were alpha-thalassemia (19.87%), 50 were beta-thalassemia (4.56%) and 13 were combination of alpha beta-thalassemia (1.19%). The overall detected ratio was 25.62%. 133 cases with thalassemia were boys (25.83%) and 148 were girls (25.43%) with no significant difference (P0.05). 255 cases of thalassemia were Zhuang (26.34%), and 25 were Han nationality (19.52%). The detected ratio among Zhuang nationality was higher than in Han nationality and with significant difference statistically (P0.01). 3 kinds of deletion (-alpha(3.7)/, -alpha(4.2)/, --(SEA)/) and another 3 kinds of non-deletion (alpha alpha(CS)/, alpha alpha(WS)/, alpha alpha(QS/) alpha-thalassemia genotype were identified, with a higher rate of alpha alpha(WS)/. Among the beta-thalassemia genotype, CD41-42 appeared the most common genotype. MCV of thalassemia was lower than in the controls, with significant difference (P0.01). 78-90 fl of alpha-thalassemia was detected from the MCV specimen. If taken MCV79 fl as the positive phenotype of thalassemia, 32 cases were misdiagnosed. The rate of missed diagnosed cases was 2.97%.Rate of thalassemia carrier among students of secondary school in Chongzuo, Guangxi was considered to be high, especially those belonged to Zhuang nationality were higher than the Hans. The carrier rate of alpha alpha(WS)/ was higher, with CD41-42 the most common genotype.