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1. Designing Ocean Vision AI: An Investigation of Community Needs for Imaging-based Ocean Conservation

Author

Crosby, Alison, Orenstein, Eric C., Poulton, Susan E., Bell, Katherine L. C., Woodward, Benjamin, Ruhl, Henry, Katija, Kakani, and Forbes, Angus G.

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Ocean scientists studying diverse organisms and phenomena increasingly rely on imaging devices for their research. These scientists have many tools to collect their data, but few resources for automated analysis. In this paper, we report on discussions with diverse stakeholders to identify community needs and develop a set of functional requirements for the ongoing development of ocean science-specific analysis tools. We conducted 36 in-depth interviews with individuals working in the Blue Economy space, revealing four central issues inhibiting the development of effective imaging analysis monitoring tools for marine science. We also identified twelve user archetypes that will engage with these services. Additionally, we held a workshop with 246 participants from 35 countries centered around FathomNet, a web-based open-source annotated image database for marine research. Findings from these discussions are being used to define the feature set and interface design of Ocean Vision AI, a suite of tools and services to advance observational capabilities of life in the ocean., Comment: Accepted to ACM CHI 2023

Published
2023
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4. Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean

Author

Levin, Lisa A, Bett, Brian J, Gates, Andrew R, Heimbach, Patrick, Howe, Bruce M, Janssen, Felix, McCurdy, Andrea, Ruhl, Henry A, Snelgrove, Paul, Stocks, Karen I, Bailey, David, Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Beaverson, Chris, Benfield, Mark C, Booth, David J, Carreiro-Silva, Marina, Colaco, Ana, Eble, Marie C, Fowler, Ashley M, Gjerde, Kristina M, Jones, Daniel OB, Katsumata, K, Kelley, Deborah, Le Bris, Nadine, Leonardi, Alan P, Lejzerowicz, Franck, Macreadie, Peter I, McLean, Dianne, Meitz, Fred, Morato, Telmo, Netburn, Amanda, Pawlowski, Jan, Smith, Craig R, Sun, Song, Uchida, Hiroshi, Vardaro, Michael F, Venkatesan, R, and Weller, Robert A

Subjects
deep sea, ocean observation, blue economy, essential ocean variables, biodiversity, ocean sensors, Oceanography, Ecology
Published
2019

6. OBSERVING LIFE IN THE SEA USING ENVIRONMENTAL DNA

Author

Chavez, Francisco P., Min, Markus, Pitz, Kathleen, Truelove, Nathan, Baker, Jacoby, LaScala-Grunewald, Diana, Blum, Marguerite, Walz, Kristine, Nye, Charles, Djurhuus, Anni, Miller, Robert J., Goodwin, Kelly D., Muller-Karger, Frank E., Ruhl, Henry A., and Scholin, Christopher A.

Published
2021

8. Towards improved monitoring of offshore carbon storage: A real-world field experiment detecting a controlled sub-seafloor CO2 release

Author

Flohr, Anita, Schaap, Allison, Achterberg, Eric P., Alendal, Guttorm, Arundell, Martin, Berndt, Christian, Blackford, Jerry, Böttner, Christoph, Borisov, Sergey M., Brown, Robin, Bull, Jonathan M., Carter, Liam, Chen, Baixin, Dale, Andrew W., de Beer, Dirk, Dean, Marcella, Deusner, Christian, Dewar, Marius, Durden, Jennifer M., Elsen, Saskia, Esposito, Mario, Faggetter, Michael, Fischer, Jan P., Gana, Amine, Gros, Jonas, Haeckel, Matthias, Hanz, Rudolf, Holtappels, Moritz, Hosking, Brett, Huvenne, Veerle A.I., James, Rachael H., Koopmans, Dirk, Kossel, Elke, Leighton, Timothy G., Li, Jianghui, Lichtschlag, Anna, Linke, Peter, Loucaides, Socratis, Martínez-Cabanas, María, Matter, Juerg M., Mesher, Thomas, Monk, Samuel, Mowlem, Matthew, Oleynik, Anna, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Paxton, David, Pearce, Christopher R., Peel, Kate, Roche, Ben, Ruhl, Henry A., Saleem, Umer, Sands, Carla, Saw, Kevin, Schmidt, Mark, Sommer, Stefan, Strong, James A., Triest, Jack, Ungerböck, Birgit, Walk, John, White, Paul, Widdicombe, Steve, Wilson, Robert Euan, Wright, Hannah, Wyatt, James, and Connelly, Douglas

Published
2021
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15. Ecological variables for developing a global deep-ocean monitoring and conservation strategy

Author

Danovaro, Roberto, Fanelli, Emanuela, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Billett, David, Carugati, Laura, Corinaldesi, Cinzia, Dell’Anno, Antonio, Gjerde, Kristina, Jamieson, Alan J., Kark, Salit, McClain, Craig, Levin, Lisa, Levin, Noam, Ramirez-Llodra, Eva, Ruhl, Henry, Smith, Craig R., Snelgrove, Paul V. R., Thomsen, Laurenz, Van Dover, Cindy L., and Yasuhara, Moriaki

Published
2020
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17. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Author

Dornelas, Maria, Antão, Laura H., Moyes, Faye, Bates, Amanda E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, Dušan, Akhmetzhanova, Asem A., Appeltans, Ward, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnold, Haley, Ayyappan, Narayanan, Badihi, Gal, Baird, Andrew H., Barbosa, Miguel, Barreto, Tiago Egydio, Bässler, Claus, Bellgrove, Alecia, Belmaker, Jonathan, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bett, Brian J., Bjorkman, Anne D., Błazewicz, Magdalena, Blowes, Shane A., Bloch, Christopher P., Bonebrake, Timothy C., Boyd, Susan, Bradford, Matt, Brooks, Andrew J., Brown, James H., Bruelheide, Helge, Budy, Phaedra, Carvalho, Fernando, Castañeda-Moya, Edward, Chen, Chaolun Allen, Chamblee, John F., Chase, Tory J., Collier, Laura Siegwart, Collinge, Sharon K., Condit, Richard, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Cotano, Unai, Crow, Shannan Kyle, Damasceno, Gabriella, Davies, Claire H., Davis, Robert A., Day, Frank P., Degraer, Steven, Doherty, Tim S., Dunn, Timothy E., Durigan, Giselda, Duffy, J. Emmett, Edelist, Dor, Edgar, Graham J., Elahi, Robin, Elmendorf, Sarah C., Enemar, Anders, Ernest, S. K. Morgan, Escribano, Rubén, Estiarte, Marc, Evans, Brian S., Fan, Tung-Yung, Farah, Fabiano Turini, Fernandes, Luiz Loureiro, Farneda, Fábio Z., Fidelis, Alessandra, Fitt, Robert, Fosaa, Anna Maria, Franco, Geraldo Antonio Daher Correa, Frank, Grace E., Fraser, William R., García, Hernando, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Givan, Or, Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth, Gould, William A., Gries, Corinna, Grossman, Gary D., Gutierréz, Julio R., Hale, Stephen, Harmon, Mark E., Harte, John, Haskins, Gary, Henshaw, Donald L., Hermanutz, Luise, Hidalgo, Pamela, Higuchi, Pedro, Hoey, Andrew, Van Hoey, Gert, Hofgaard, Annika, Holeck, Kristen, Hollister, Robert D., Holmes, Richard, Hoogenboom, Mia, Hsieh, Chih-hao, Hubbell, Stephen P., Huettmann, Falk, Huffard, Christine L., Hurlbert, Allen H., Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo, Janík, David, Jandt, Ute, Jazdzewska, Anna, Johannessen, Tore, Johnstone, Jill, Jones, Julia, Jones, Faith A. M., Kang, Jungwon, Kartawijaya, Tasrif, Keeley, Erin C., Kelt, Douglas A., Kinnear, Rebecca, Klanderud, Kari, Knutsen, Halvor, Koenig, Christopher C., Kortz, Alessandra R., Král, Kamil, Kuhnz, Linda A., Kuo, Chao-Yang, Kushner, David J., Laguionie-Marchais, Claire, Lancaster, Lesley T., Lee, Cheol Min, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Lévesque, Esther, Lightfoot, David, Lloret, Francisco, Lloyd, John D., López-Baucells, Adrià, Louzao, Maite, Madin, Joshua S., Magnússon, Borgþór, Malamud, Shahar, Matthews, Iain, McFarland, Kent P., McGill, Brian, McKnight, Diane, McLarney, William O., Meador, Jason, Meserve, Peter L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Meyer, Christoph F. J., Michelsen, Anders, Milchakova, Nataliya, Moens, Tom, Moland, Even, Moore, Jon, Moreira, Carolina Mathias, Müller, Jörg, Murphy, Grace, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Myster, Randall W., Naumov, Andrew, Neat, Francis, Nelson, James A., Nelson, Michael Paul, Newton, Stephen F., Norden, Natalia, Oliver, Jeffrey C., Olsen, Esben M., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Pabis, Krzysztof, Pabst, Robert J., Paquette, Alain, Pardede, Sinta, Paterson, David M., Pélissier, Raphaël, Peñuelas, Josep, Pérez-Matus, Alejandro, Pizarro, Oscar, Pomati, Francesco, Post, Eric, Prins, Herbert H. T., Priscu, John C., Provoost, Pieter, Prudic, Kathleen L., Pulliainen, Erkki, Ramesh, B. R., Ramos, Olivia Mendivil, Rassweiler, Andrew, Remillard, Suzanne M., Richardson, Anthony J., Richardson, J. Paul, van Rijn, Itai, Rocha, Ricardo, Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Kevin P., Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Denise, Rudstam, Lars, Ruhl, Henry, Ruz, Catalina S., Sampaio, Erica M., Rybicki, Nancy, Rypel, Andrew, Sal, Sofia, Salgado, Beatriz, Santos, Flavio A. M., Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula, Scanga, Sara, Schmidt, Jochen, Schooley, Robert, Setiawan, Fakhrizal, Shao, Kwang-Tsao, Shaver, Gaius R., Sherman, Sally, Sherry, Thomas W., Siciński, Jacek, Sievers, Caya, da Silva, Ana Carolina, da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues, Silveira, Fabio L., Slingsby, Jasper, Smart, Tracey, Snell, Sara J., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Gabriel B. G., Souza, Flaviana Maluf, Souza, Vinícius Castro, Stallings, Christopher D., Stanforth, Rowan, Stanley, Emily H., Sterza, José Mauro, Stevens, Maarten, Stuart-Smith, Rick, Suarez, Yzel Rondon, Supp, Sarah, Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio, Tarigan, Sukmaraharja, Thiede, Gary P., Thorn, Simon, Tolvanen, Anne, Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani, Totland, Ørjan, Twilley, Robert R., Vaitkus, Gediminas, Valdivia, Nelson, Vallejo, Martha Isabel, Valone, Thomas J., Van Colen, Carl, Vanaverbeke, Jan, Venturoli, Fabio, Verheye, Hans M., Vianna, Marcelo, Vieira, Rui P., Vrška, Tomáš, Vu, Con Quang, Van Vu, Lien, Waide, Robert B., Waldock, Conor, Watts, Dave, Webb, Sara, Wesołowski, Tomasz, White, Ethan P., Widdicombe, Claire E., Wilgers, Dustin, Williams, Richard, Williams, Stefan B., Williamson, Mark, Willig, Michael R., Willis, Trevor J., Wipf, Sonja, Woods, Kerry D., Woehler, Eric J., Zawada, Kyle, and Zettler, Michael L.

Published
2018

18. Biotic and human vulnerability to projected changes in ocean biogeochemistry over the 21st century.

Author

Mora, Camilo, Wei, Chih-Lin, Rollo, Audrey, Amaro, Teresa, Baco, Amy R, Billett, David, Bopp, Laurent, Chen, Qi, Collier, Mark, Danovaro, Roberto, Gooday, Andrew J, Grupe, Benjamin M, Halloran, Paul R, Ingels, Jeroen, Jones, Daniel OB, Levin, Lisa A, Nakano, Hideyuki, Norling, Karl, Ramirez-Llodra, Eva, Rex, Michael, Ruhl, Henry A, Smith, Craig R, Sweetman, Andrew K, Thurber, Andrew R, Tjiputra, Jerry F, Usseglio, Paolo, Watling, Les, Wu, Tongwen, and Yasuhara, Moriaki

Subjects
Humans, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Seawater, Earth (Planet), Time Factors, Human Activities, Oceans and Seas, Geological Phenomena, Earth, Planet, Earth, Planet, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Ongoing greenhouse gas emissions can modify climate processes and induce shifts in ocean temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, and productivity, which in turn could alter biological and social systems. Here, we provide a synoptic global assessment of the simultaneous changes in future ocean biogeochemical variables over marine biota and their broader implications for people. We analyzed modern Earth System Models forced by greenhouse gas concentration pathways until 2100 and showed that the entire world's ocean surface will be simultaneously impacted by varying intensities of ocean warming, acidification, oxygen depletion, or shortfalls in productivity. In contrast, only a small fraction of the world's ocean surface, mostly in polar regions, will experience increased oxygenation and productivity, while almost nowhere will there be ocean cooling or pH elevation. We compiled the global distribution of 32 marine habitats and biodiversity hotspots and found that they would all experience simultaneous exposure to changes in multiple biogeochemical variables. This superposition highlights the high risk for synergistic ecosystem responses, the suite of physiological adaptations needed to cope with future climate change, and the potential for reorganization of global biodiversity patterns. If co-occurring biogeochemical changes influence the delivery of ocean goods and services, then they could also have a considerable effect on human welfare. Approximately 470 to 870 million of the poorest people in the world rely heavily on the ocean for food, jobs, and revenues and live in countries that will be most affected by simultaneous changes in ocean biogeochemistry. These results highlight the high risk of degradation of marine ecosystems and associated human hardship expected in a future following current trends in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

Published
2013

23. Integrating ocean observations across body‐size classes to deliver benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution information

Author

Ruhl, Henry A., Bett, Brian J., Ingels, Jeroen, Martin, Adrian, Gates, Andrew R., Yool, Andrew, Benoist, Noëlie M.A., Appeltans, Ward, Howell, Kerry L., Danovaro, Roberto, Ruhl, Henry A., Bett, Brian J., Ingels, Jeroen, Martin, Adrian, Gates, Andrew R., Yool, Andrew, Benoist, Noëlie M.A., Appeltans, Ward, Howell, Kerry L., and Danovaro, Roberto

Abstract

Invertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both the feasibility and impact of establishing Benthic Invertebrate Abundance and Distribution as a Global Ocean Observing System—Essential Ocean Variable, including: (1) quantifying individual body size, (2) identifying the well-quantified portions of sampled body-size spectra, (3) taking advantage of (semi-)automated information processing, (4) application of metadata standards such as Darwin Core, and (5) making data available through internationally recognized access points. These practices enable broader-scale analysis supporting research and sustainable development, such as assessments of indicator taxa, biodiversity, biomass, and the modeling of carbon stocks and flows that are contiguous over time and space.

Published
2023

24. Designing Ocean Vision AI: An Investigation of Community Needs for Imaging-based Ocean Conservation

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory, Crosby, Alison, Orenstein, Eric, Poulton, Susan, Bell, Katherine, Woodward, Benjamin, Ruhl, Henry, Katija, Kakani, Forbes, Angus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory, Crosby, Alison, Orenstein, Eric, Poulton, Susan, Bell, Katherine, Woodward, Benjamin, Ruhl, Henry, Katija, Kakani, and Forbes, Angus

Published
2023

26. Reply to: Ecological variables for deep-ocean monitoring must include microbiota and meiofauna for effective conservation

Author

Danovaro, Roberto, Fanelli, Emanuela, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Billett, David, Carugati, Laura, Corinaldesi, Cinzia, Dell’Anno, Antonio, Gjerde, Kristina, Jamieson, Alan J., Kark, Salit, McClain, Craig, Levin, Lisa A., Levin, Noam, Ramirez-Llodra, Eva, Ruhl, Henry A., Smith, Craig R., Snelgrove, Paul V. R., Thomsen, Laurenz, Van Dover, Cindy L., and Yasuhara, Moriaki

Published
2021
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27. Climate and food supply influences on mobile epibenthic megafauna populations in the abyssal NE Pacific from 1989 to 2004

Author

Ruhl, Henry A

Abstract

The effects of climate on abyssal megafaunal populations are largely unknown. Photo-transecting techniques have been used at a long-term abyssal study site in the NE Pacific to examine the population dynamics of mobile echinoderms on a roughly seasonal basis from 1989-2004. At 4,100 m depth, these animals live in a relatively stable environment with no light and relatively invariant temperatures. The primary habitat variables at the site are the quantity and quality of the particulate organic carbon (POC) that sinks from the surface waters above. Significant time-lagged correlations indicate that climatic variations related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation can influence surface ocean productivity and the amount of POC that is exported to the abyssal benthos.All of the ten most dominant fauna at the site had order of magnitude or greater fluctuations in abundance with the most prominent differences occurring between 1989-1998 and 2001-2004. Increases in abundance were often linked to increases in smaller individuals suggesting that population fluctuations were the result of recruitment, biological interactions, and mortality. Significant correlations also exist between changes in the POC food supply and the abundance of several mobile megafauna with measurable changes in abundance lagging changes in food supply by 6 or more months. Some species, such as the holothuroid Elpidia minutissima, increased in abundance during periods of low food supply while other echinoderms thrived during periods of higher food flux.One assumption of the line-transect methodology used here is that non-random aggregations are not present at scales or patterns that might bias density estimates. To help verify this assumption a three-term local quadrat variance technique was employed and found few aggregations that might bias the abundance estimates presented. A significant shift in megafauna community structure occurred between the 1989-1998 and 2001-2004 periods. An analysis of the rank abundance distributions of megafauna indicated that the overall species dominance changed between the two periods. This shift in equitability was also linked to the POC flux further indicating that these animals have differential responses to the food supply. This and other longterm research have indicated that interannual-scale climatic fluctuations could be influencing abyssal populations thousands of meters beneath the ocean surface.

Published
2006

39. EMSO : A Distributed Infrastructure for Addressing Geohazards and Global Ocean Change

Author

BEST, MAIRI, FAVALIgg, PAOLO, BERANZOLI, LAURA, CANNAT, MATHILDE, CAGATAY, NAMIK, DAÑOBEITIA, JUAN JOSE, DELORY, ERIC, DE STIGTER, HENKO, FERRÉ, BÉNÉDICTE, GILLOOLY, MICK, GRANT, FIONA, HALL, PER O.J., LYKOUSIS, VASILIOS, MIENERT, JUERGEN, DE MIRANDA, JORGE MIGUEL ALBERTO, OAIE, GHEORGHE, RADULESCU, VLAD, ROLIN, JEAN-FRANÇOIS, RUHL, HENRY, and WALDMANN, CHRISTOPH

Published
2014

42. Perspectives In Visual Imaging for Marine Biology and Ecology: From Acquisition to Understanding

Author

Durden, Jennifer M, primary, Schoening, Timm, additional, Althaus, Franziska, additional, Friedman, Ariell, additional, Garcia, Rafael, additional, Glover, Adrian G, additional, Greinert, Jens, additional, Stout, Nancy Jacobsen, additional, Jones, Daniel, additional, Jordt, Anne, additional, Kaeli, Jeffrey, additional, Köser, Kevin, additional, Kuhnz, Linda, additional, Lindsay, Dhugal, additional, Morris, Kirsty, additional, Nattkemper, Tim, additional, Osterloff, Jonas, additional, Ruhl, Henry, additional, Singh, Hanumant, additional, Tran, Maggie, additional, and Bett, Brian, additional

Published
2016
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43. The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and interoperable instrumentation for ocean observation

Author

Lantéri, Nadine, Ruhl, Henry, Gates, Andrew, Martínez, Enoc, del Rio Fernandez, Joaquin, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Cannat, Mathilde, Delory, Eric, Embriaco, Davide, Huber, Robert, Matabos, Marjolaine, Petihakis, George, Reilly, Kieran, Rolin, Jean-François, van der Schaar, Mike, André, Michel, Blandin, Jérôme, Cianca, Andrés, Francescangeli, Marco, Garcia, Oscar, Hartman, Susan, Lagadec, Jean-Romain, Legrand, Julien, Pagonis, Paris, Piera, Jaume, Remirez, Xabier, Toma, Daniel M., Marinaro, Giuditta, Moreau, Bertrand, Santana, Raul, Wright, Hannah, Dañobeitia, Juan José, Favali, Paolo, Lantéri, Nadine, Ruhl, Henry, Gates, Andrew, Martínez, Enoc, del Rio Fernandez, Joaquin, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Cannat, Mathilde, Delory, Eric, Embriaco, Davide, Huber, Robert, Matabos, Marjolaine, Petihakis, George, Reilly, Kieran, Rolin, Jean-François, van der Schaar, Mike, André, Michel, Blandin, Jérôme, Cianca, Andrés, Francescangeli, Marco, Garcia, Oscar, Hartman, Susan, Lagadec, Jean-Romain, Legrand, Julien, Pagonis, Paris, Piera, Jaume, Remirez, Xabier, Toma, Daniel M., Marinaro, Giuditta, Moreau, Bertrand, Santana, Raul, Wright, Hannah, Dañobeitia, Juan José, and Favali, Paolo

Abstract

The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing

Published
2022

44. The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy: Addressing Global Challenges in the Deep Sea Through Collaboration

Author

Smith, Leslie M., Cimoli, Laura, LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana, Pachiadaki, Maria, Phillips, Brennan, Pillar, Helen, Stopa, Justin E., Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Beaulieu, Stace E., Bell, Katherine L.C., Harden-Davies, Harriet, Gjerde, Kristina M., Heimbach, Patrick, Howe, Bruce, Janssen, Felix, Levin, Lisa A., Ruhl, Henry A., Soule, Adam, Stocks, Karen, Vardaro, Michael F., Wright, Dawn J., Smith, Leslie M., Cimoli, Laura, LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana, Pachiadaki, Maria, Phillips, Brennan, Pillar, Helen, Stopa, Justin E., Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Beaulieu, Stace E., Bell, Katherine L.C., Harden-Davies, Harriet, Gjerde, Kristina M., Heimbach, Patrick, Howe, Bruce, Janssen, Felix, Levin, Lisa A., Ruhl, Henry A., Soule, Adam, Stocks, Karen, Vardaro, Michael F., and Wright, Dawn J.

Abstract

The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS) is an international, community-driven initiative that facilitates collaboration across disciplines and fields, elevates a diverse cohort of early career researchers into future leaders, and connects scientific advancements to societal needs. DOOS represents a global network of deep-ocean observing, mapping, and modeling experts, focusing community efforts in the support of strong science, policy, and planning for sustainable oceans. Its initiatives work to propose deep-sea Essential Ocean Variables; assess technology development; develop shared best practices, standards, and cross-calibration procedures; and transfer knowledge to policy makers and deep-ocean stakeholders. Several of these efforts align with the vision of the UN Ocean Decade to generate the science we need to create the deep ocean we want. DOOS works toward (1) a healthy and resilient deep ocean by informing science-based conservation actions, including optimizing data delivery, creating habitat and ecological maps of critical areas, and developing regional demonstration projects; (2) a predicted deep ocean by strengthening collaborations within the modeling community, determining needs for interdisciplinary modeling and observing system assessment in the deep ocean; (3) an accessible deep ocean by enhancing open access to innovative low-cost sensors and open-source plans, making deep-ocean data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, and focusing on capacity development in developing countries; and finally (4) an inspiring and engaging deep ocean by translating science to stakeholders/end users and informing policy and management decisions, including in international waters.

Published
2022

45. The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy: Addressing Global Challenges in the Deep Sea Through Collaboration

Author

Smith, Leslie M, Cimoli, Laura, LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana, Pachiadaki, Maria, Phillips, Brennan, Pillar, Helen, Stopa, Justin E, Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Beaulieu, Stace E, Bell, Katherine LC, Harden-Davies, Harriet, Gjerde, Kristina M, Heimbach, Patrick, Howe, Bruce, Janssen, Felix, Levin, Lisa A, Ruhl, Henry A, Soule, Adam, Stocks, Karen, Vardaro, Michael F, Wright, Dawn J, Smith, Leslie M, Cimoli, Laura, LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana, Pachiadaki, Maria, Phillips, Brennan, Pillar, Helen, Stopa, Justin E, Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Beaulieu, Stace E, Bell, Katherine LC, Harden-Davies, Harriet, Gjerde, Kristina M, Heimbach, Patrick, Howe, Bruce, Janssen, Felix, Levin, Lisa A, Ruhl, Henry A, Soule, Adam, Stocks, Karen, Vardaro, Michael F, and Wright, Dawn J

Abstract

The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS) is an international, community-driven initiative that facilitates collaboration across disciplines and fields, elevates a diverse cohort of early career researchers into future leaders, and connects scientific advancements to societal needs. DOOS represents a global network of deep-ocean observing, mapping, and modeling experts, focusing community efforts in the support of strong science, policy, and planning for sustainable oceans. Its initiatives work to propose deep-sea Essential Ocean Variables; assess technology development; develop shared best practices, standards, and cross-calibration procedures; and transfer knowledge to policy makers and deep-ocean stakeholders. Several of these efforts align with the vision of the UN Ocean Decade to generate the science we need to create the deep ocean we want. DOOS works toward (1) a healthy and resilient deep ocean by informing science-based conservation actions, including optimizing data delivery, creating habitat and ecological maps of critical areas, and developing regional demonstration projects; (2) a predicted deep ocean by strengthening collaborations within the modeling community, determining needs for interdisciplinary modeling and observing system assessment in the deep ocean; (3) an accessible deep ocean by enhancing open access to innovative low-cost sensors and open-source plans, making deep-ocean data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, and focusing on capacity development in developing countries; and finally (4) an inspiring and engaging deep ocean by translating science to stakeholders/end users and informing policy and management decisions, including in international waters.

Published
2022

46. The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and Interoperable Instrumentation for Ocean Observation

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Lantéri, Nadine, Ruhl, Henry A., Gates, Andrew R., Martínez, Enoc, Río, Joaquín del, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Cannat, Mathilde, Delory, Eric, Embriaco, Davide, Huber, Robert, Matabos, Marjolaine, Petihakis, George, Reilly, Kieran, Rolin, Jean-François, Van der Schaar, Mike, André, Michel, Blandin, Jérôme, Cianca, Andrés, Francescangeli, Marco, García-Sánchez, Óscar, Hartman, Susan E., Lagadec, Jean-Romain, Legrand, Julien, Pagonis, Paris, Piera, Jaume, Remirez, Xabier, Toma, Daniel M., Marinaro, Giuditta, Moreau, Bertrand, Santana, Raul, Wright, Hannah, Dañobeitia, Juan José, Favali, Paolo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Lantéri, Nadine, Ruhl, Henry A., Gates, Andrew R., Martínez, Enoc, Río, Joaquín del, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Cannat, Mathilde, Delory, Eric, Embriaco, Davide, Huber, Robert, Matabos, Marjolaine, Petihakis, George, Reilly, Kieran, Rolin, Jean-François, Van der Schaar, Mike, André, Michel, Blandin, Jérôme, Cianca, Andrés, Francescangeli, Marco, García-Sánchez, Óscar, Hartman, Susan E., Lagadec, Jean-Romain, Legrand, Julien, Pagonis, Paris, Piera, Jaume, Remirez, Xabier, Toma, Daniel M., Marinaro, Giuditta, Moreau, Bertrand, Santana, Raul, Wright, Hannah, Dañobeitia, Juan José, and Favali, Paolo

Abstract

The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing

Published
2022

47. The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy: Addressing Global Challenges in the Deep Sea Through Collaboration

Author

Smith, Leslie M., primary, Cimoli, Laura, additional, LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana, additional, Pachiadaki, Maria, additional, Phillips, Brennan, additional, Pillar, Helen, additional, Stopa, Justin E., additional, Baumann-Pickering, Simone, additional, Beaulieu, Stace E., additional, Bell, Katherine L.C., additional, Harden-Davies, Harriet, additional, Gjerde, Kristina M., additional, Heimbach, Patrick, additional, Howe, Bruce, additional, Janssen, Felix, additional, Levin, Lisa A., additional, Ruhl, Henry A., additional, Soule, Adam, additional, Stocks, Karen, additional, Vardaro, Michael F., additional, and Wright, Dawn J., additional

Published
2022
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50. The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and Interoperable Instrumentation for Ocean Observation

Author

Lantéri, Nadine, primary, Ruhl, Henry A., additional, Gates, Andrew, additional, Martínez, Enoc, additional, del Rio Fernandez, Joaquin, additional, Aguzzi, Jacopo, additional, Cannat, Mathilde, additional, Delory, Eric, additional, Embriaco, Davide, additional, Huber, Robert, additional, Matabos, Marjolaine, additional, Petihakis, George, additional, Reilly, Kieran, additional, Rolin, Jean-François, additional, van der Schaar, Mike, additional, André, Michel, additional, Blandin, Jérôme, additional, Cianca, Andrés, additional, Francescangeli, Marco, additional, Garcia, Oscar, additional, Hartman, Susan, additional, Lagadec, Jean-Romain, additional, Legrand, Julien, additional, Pagonis, Paris, additional, Piera, Jaume, additional, Remirez, Xabier, additional, Toma, Daniel M., additional, Marinaro, Giuditta, additional, Moreau, Bertrand, additional, Santana, Raul, additional, Wright, Hannah, additional, Dañobeitia, Juan José, additional, and Favali, Paolo, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

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