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Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg in 1927 of a camping excursion he and friends made to Ye Olde Mill south of Utica, OH. In this image, two tents are visible in a shaded clearing with the front fender of an automobile in the forefront. Ye Olde Mill served as a “pleasure resort” for excursions from Newark, OH, and later became a location for company picnics and parties. This photograph is part of the Rugg Family Collection.

Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg in 1927 of a camping excursion he and friends made to Ye Olde Mill south of Utica, OH. This blurred picture shows two of the campers in the interior of the mill building reading books in their sheets and bedding. Ye Olde Mill served as a “pleasure resort” for excursions from Newark, OH, and later became a location for company picnics and parties. The mill building pictured here was destroyed by a fire in 1986. This photograph is part of the Rugg Family Collection.

Color photograph taken by S.V. Rugg II of a building in Shawnee, OH which once housed a general store owned by Rugg’s grandfather, also named S.V. Rugg. The store was co-owned by John Storer of Shawnee and called “Storer and Rugg.” The two ran the business for about five years in the late 1860s and early 1870s. S.V. Rugg I relocated to Outville, OH in 1875. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company, though his own father owned a series of businesses including car dealerships. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections.

Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg in 1927 of a camping excursion he and friends made to Ye Olde Mill south of Utica, OH. The view in this photograph, taken from the mill and looking towards modern-day Ohio State Route 13, shows a house and gardens near the main building. This space is now occupied by offices and facilities of the Velvet Ice Cream company. Ye Olde Mill served as a “pleasure resort” for excursions from Newark, OH, and later became a location for company picnics and parties. The mill building, from which the photograph was taken, was destroyed by a fire in 1986. This photograph is part of the Rupp Family Collection.

Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg in 1927 of a camping excursion he and friends made to Ye Olde Mill south of Utica, OH. Taken on one of the upper floors of the mill building, this image shows a wooden bed frame and an interior view of the structure. Ye Olde Mill served as a “pleasure resort” for excursions from Newark, OH, and later became a location for company picnics and parties. The mill building pictured here was destroyed by a fire in 1986. This photograph is part of the Rugg Family Collection.

Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg in 1927 of a camping excursion he and friends made to Ye Olde Mill south of Utica, OH. Taken on one of the upper floors of the mill building, this image shows a number of wooden items—bed frame, infant rocker, and baby carriage among others—in storage at the site. Ye Olde Mill served as a “pleasure resort” for excursions from Newark, OH, and later became a location for company picnics and parties. The mill building pictured here was destroyed by a fire in 1986. This photograph is part of the Rugg Family Collection.

Color photograph taken by amateur photographer S.V. Rugg II in 1963 of the Outville Railroad Station building in Outville, OH. S.V. Rugg’s grandfather—also named Sylvester V. Rugg—and his great-uncles served as railroad agents for the B & O Railroad in Outville. The station was remodeled and relocated in Outville to stand behind the former home of Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg, son of S.V. Rugg I and father of S.V. Rugg II. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Color photograph taken by amateur photographer S.V. Rugg II in 1963 of the former residence of his grandfather, also named Sylvester V. Rugg, sited near Outville, OH. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was Samuel’s great-grandson and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by S.V. Rugg II of a building in Outville, OH that once housed his Great-uncle Elijah Rugg’s store. The original business dates to before 1900 and this photograph was taken in 1963. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife, Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg, had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company, though his own father owned a series of businesses including car dealerships. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections.

Color photograph taken by amateur photographer S.V. Rugg II in 1963 of the former residence of his father, Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg, sited south of Outville, OH. S.V. lived in this home in the years after his birth. The house was built by F.M. in the early 1910s and occupied for only a few years before the family relocated to Newark, OH in 1916. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife, Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg, had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was F.M.’s son and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken of Sylvester V. “S.V.” Rugg II in the backyard of a home on West Church Street, near the intersection with Neal Avenue in Newark, OH. The picture, likely taken by a member of the S.V.’s family of Newark, OH, shows him sitting and holding a rabbit with an undeveloped 21st Street, now a major Newark thoroughfare, in the background. S.V. Rugg provided no explanation of the connection of this house to the Rugg family. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by local photographer S.V. Rugg II in 1939 during the construction of the new Newark High School. The building is located on the north side of West Main Street between Fifth Street and Sixth Street in Newark, OH. The building replaced a previous structure built in 1885 and became the primary structure for the High School. An Annex building was built next to the main structure in 1908 and a gymnasium added to the complex in 1925-1926, and these remained active during the use of the new High School. The Newark Public School System was founded in 1848. Developed at the impetus of local citizens, the first elections for school directors was held on August 12, 1848. The first classes took place in extra spaces at local churches, residences, and several small schoolhouses. The Board of Education adopted a formal course of study in September 1849. The first dedicated school system building, Central School, was built in 1851 on West Church Street.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, the crowd looks down West Main Street to the west as the parade moves east, possibly with a marching band marking the start of the procession. The buildings in the background stand on the southwest corner of the intersection of West Main and Fifth Street. All of the buildings on that corner have since been demolished. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph of Janice “Jan” Rugg, daughter of Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg taken in 1924. In this view, Jan sits upon a horse in the backyard of the family’s new home at 120 Jefferson Road in Newark, OH. F.M. had moved his family from Outville, OH to Newark in 1916 and lived in two different homes prior to the construction of the residence on Jefferson in the early 1920s. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was F.M.’s son and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, two antique fire engines are pulled by reenactors as part of the Granville Fire Department’s display for the parade. Crowds watch as the wagons move east down West Main Street towards the city square. The Oldsmobile dealership stands at 67 West Main Street in the background, and several residences and businesses can be seen in the distance on South Fifth Street. The structures on Fifth Street have been demolished. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Robbins Brothers Circus parade in Newark, OH on May 9, 1938. Camels lead the way in this slightly blurry image down an unknown street in Newark before a line of five elephants, a main attraction at Robbins Bros. Circus. Some residents walk on the sidewalk by the parade while others stand and watch its progress among parked automobiles. The show in Newark began Monday, May 9 on Locust Street and featured 3 rings and 250 animals, including 20 elephants. Robbins Bros. Circus was operated by Fred Buchanan in the 1920s and 1930s. Its home base was near Des Moines, IA and the show featured a large menagerie. That first iteration of the business closed in the early 1930s, but the name and some of the wagons were reused in 1938 in a second Robbins Bros. Circus venture. The second venture was affiliated with the Cole Bros. Circus.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The float of the Marietta Concrete Corporation rolls west down West Church Street, displaying examples of its construction services. The Y.M.C.A building stands in the background at the southwestern corner of Church Street and Third Street with the Annex building to its right. A four-story building is visible on the southeastern corner of the intersection. Only the Y.M.C.A building remains standing. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. This float, from an unknown group pulled by an automobile, depicts an imagined frontier scene with costumed hunters pursuing a racoon up a tree. The mid-nineteenth century, brick-constructed Newkirk House at 63 West Main Street and the neighboring Oldsmobile dealership stand in the background amidst the crowd of onlookers. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. Two mounted riders move east down West Main Street towards the city square and crowds look on from either side of the street. Of note in this view are the multi-story Sam Alban Furniture building at 57 West Main Street on the right and the Nash-Lafayette car dealership in the center. The latter building has been demolished. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. This image shows two horse-drawn carriages moving west on West Main Street while a young man stands in the street. The photograph is blurred, but the two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen in the center with the block of three-story, nineteenth-century buildings to its left. The Nash-Lafayette automobile dealership, now demolished, stands on the left side of the image behind the carriages. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The Old Guards Fife and Drum Corps march west on West Main Street with an American flag as the buildings on both the north and south sides of West Main and the Licking County Courthouse appear in the background. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen to the right with the Sears sign visible. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. Shown here is the centerpiece of the parade, the Conestoga wagon with “For the Ohio Country” written on the side. This oxen-pulled wagon was taken by the reenactors from town to town across the states that formed the Northwest Territories in order to commemorate the event. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken in 1919 of Overland Garage, and later known as Rugg Motors. The business was located at 62 West Main Street in Newark, OH. The owner of Overland, Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg, stands second from the left in the light suit. To his left is Fred Lippencott, company salesman. In the center of the image stands Caleb Beta, mechanic, an unnamed mechanic, and “Shorty,” who washed the automobiles. To the right of the photograph, next to a 1919 Overland #90, are Mr. Stevenson, salesman, Ralph Edwards, manager, and Josephine Reynolds, bookkeeper. F.M. Rugg purchased the garage in 1916 and moved his family to Newark from Outville. The building remains standing. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company, though his own father, F.M. Rugg, owned a series of businesses including car dealerships. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. Reenactors dressed in costume as “The Pioneers and Indians” pass by crowds on West Main Street heading east with the mid-nineteenth century, brick-constructed Newkirk House at 63 West Main Street and the neighboring Oldsmobile dealership in the background. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken of Mary Isadore Rugg in the backyard of a home on West Church Street, near the intersection with Neal Avenue in Newark, OH. The picture, likely taken by a member of the family of Sylvester V. “S.V.” Rugg of Newark, OH, shows Mary seated on a rabbit hutch with an undeveloped 21st Street, now a major Newark thoroughfare, in the background. S.V. Rugg provided no explanation of the connection of this house to the Rugg family. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was F.M.’s son and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In the distance, a marching group can be seen moving east towards the City Square and Licking County Courthouse as the gathered spectators watch for the next entry in the parade. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen in the center with the block of three-story, nineteenth-century buildings to its left. The Licking County Courthouse appears in the background. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, a Conestoga wagon serves as the parade entry for Woodrow Wilson Jr. High School with an accompanying group of students in historic costumes. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, the float for several service organizations—Lions, Kiwanis, and Rotary—rests in a long line of other parade entries, including horse-drawn buggies, bicycles, and automobiles. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen in the center with the block of three-story, nineteenth-century buildings to its left. The Nash-Lafayette automobile dealership, now demolished, stands on the left side of the image. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph of Sylvester “S.V.” Rugg II with his second toy car taken in Newark, OH in 1919. Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg had moved his family from Outville, OH to Newark in 1916. This photograph was taken at the second family home in Newark at Granville Street and Woods Avenue. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph of a picnic outing in Licking County taken in 1917. Pictured here are the Rugg and Williams families of Newark, OH. Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg had recently moved his family from Outville, OH to Newark, OH in 1916. The Williams family were the Ruggs’ neighbors at Granville Road and Central Avenue in Newark. Pictured here are F.M., his wife, Mary, and their children, Janice “Jan” and Sylvester “S.V.” Their neighbor, Anna Williams, also appears in this photograph along an unknown stream. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife, Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg, had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. This image shows a pair of uncovered wagons moving east on West Main Street towards the city square. Of note in this view are the multi-story Sam Alban Furniture building at 57 West Main Street on the right and the Nash-Lafayette car dealership in the center. The western wall of the former Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen to the extreme left. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area included in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Color photograph taken by amateur photographer Sylvester V. Rugg II in 1963 of the Outville Hay and Grain Company building in Outville, OH. The building remains standing at the corner of Outville Road and Walnut Street in Outville near the railroad line. An unknown man stands next to the building.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. A cattle-pulled covered wagon, part of a parade entry from an unidentified organization, moves east down West Main Street as the crowd watches. The Oldsmobile dealership stands at 67 West Main Street in the background, and several residences and businesses can be seen in the distance on South Fifth Street. The structures on Fifth Street have been demolished. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society float, “Americans,” with reenactors in costume moves along West Church Street and children on bicycles pass the display. Of note in this view are the two-story Arcade Annex at 19-21 West Church Street next to the taller Y.M.C.A building to the left and Riley’s Bakery to the right. The Annex building, part of an early, downtown shopping mall, is no longer extant. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. A crowd gathers on both sides of West Main Street as they await the next participant in the parade. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen in the center with the block of three-story, nineteenth-century buildings to its left and the Licking County Courthouse in the distance. The Nash-Lafayette automobile dealership, now demolished, stands on the left side of the image. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, a series of automobiles moved west down East Church Street, passing through the intersection of Third Street and Church Street. The Y.M.C.A building stands at the southwest corner of Third and Church Streets, and the steeple of the 2nd Presbyterian Church can be seen on the north side of the street. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, a wagon in the Conestoga style moved west down East Church Street, passing through the intersection of Third Street and Church. The Y.M.C.A building at the southwest corner of the Third and Church Streets and the steeple of the 2nd Presbyterian Church can be seen on the north side of the street. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area included in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. In this view, the parade float of Denison University can be seen moving east down West Main Street with participants dressed in period costume seated on the bed of the wagon. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen clearly with the Sears sign, while the Nash-Lafayette automobile dealership, now demolished, stands on the left side as people throng both sides of the street. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The crowds watch two wagons pass east from West Main Street toward the city square. Of note in this view are the multi-story Sam Alban Furniture building at 57 West Main Street on the right and the Nash-Lafayette car dealership in the center. The latter building has been demolished. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local photographer S.V. Rugg II in 1939 during the demolition of the Newark High School. The building was located on the north side of West Main Street between Fifth Street and Sixth Street in Newark. The building under demolition pictured here was built in 1885 and was the primary structure for the High School. An Annex building was built next to the main structure in 1908 and a gymnasium added to the complex in 1925-1926. In this view, the demolition of the old building is nearing completion, with the stone foundation and rear walls of the building part of the few remains of the structure. A new high school building was built on the same location in 1939. The Annex building can be seen on the left side of the image. The Annex building was demolished in 1980. The Newark Public School System was founded in 1848. Developed at the impetus of local citizens, the first elections for school directors was held on August 12, 1848. The first classes took place in extra spaces at local churches, residences, and several small schoolhouses. The Board of Education adopted a formal course of study in September 1849. The first dedicated school system building, Central School, was built in 1851 on West Church Street.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The parade float of Denison University, a horse-drawn wagon with participants dressed in period costume seated on the bed, moves east down West Main Street towards the courthouse square. The mid-nineteenth century, brick-constructed Newkirk House at 63 West Main Street and the neighboring Oldsmobile dealership stand in the background amidst the crowd of onlookers. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The Old Guards Fife and Drum Corps marches west down West Church Street in front of a horse-drawn vehicle while onlookers watch. The Y.M.C.A building and the Arcade Annex stand in the background to the left and right respectively. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Robbins Brothers Circus parade in Newark, OH on May 9, 1938. In this view, mounted performers carry U.S. flags before a large, horse-drawn wagon with a band seated on the roof. Residents of Newark watch amidst automobiles on an unknown city street. The show in Newark began Monday, May 9 on Locust Street and featured 3 rings and 250 animals, including 20 elephants. Robbins Bros. Circus was operated by Fred Buchanan in the 1920s and 1930s. Its home base was near Des Moines, IA and the show featured a large menagerie. That first iteration of the business closed in the early 1930s, but the name and some of the wagons were reused in 1938 in a second Robbins Bros. Circus venture. The second venture was affiliated with the Cole Bros. Circus.

Black and white photograph of Francis Merle "F.M" Rugg in an automobile taken in the early 1920s when he owned garage and automobile dealership in Newark, OH. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was F.M.’s son and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph of a picnic outing in Licking County taken in 1917. Pictured here are the Rugg and Williams families of Newark, OH with several unidentified individuals, standing in a stream. Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg had recently moved his family from Outville, OH to Newark, OH in 1916. The Williams family were the Ruggs’ neighbors at Granville Road and Central Avenue in Newark. Pictured here are F.M. and his children, Jan and Sylvester “S.V.,” James Dwight Williams and his wife, Anna. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife, Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg, had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph of Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg and Mary Isadore (Harrison) Rugg and their family taken around 1917. Shown here are the Ruggs’ children—Janice “Jan” and Sylvester “S.V.”—and Mary’s relatives—grandmother Emeline Wilkins, brother Otto Harrison and Rose Harrison, his wife, and an unidentified young woman seated near S.V. The photograph was possibly taken near Harrison family home in Jersey Township, Licking County. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife, Anna Nancy (Imel) Rugg, had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, Ephraim “E.T.” Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph of Sylvester V. “S.V.” Rugg II, son of Francis Merle “F.M.” Rugg, taken in 1924. S.V. stands with his dog, Wusky, at the new family home at 120 Jefferson Road in Newark, OH. F.M. had moved his family from Outville, OH to Newark in 1916 and lived in two different homes prior to the construction of the residence on Jefferson in the early 1920s. The Ruggs of Licking County were a large family of successful entrepreneurs and businessmen. The patriarch of the family, Samuel Rugg (1815-1901), father of S.V. Rugg I, arrived in Perry County, OH as a young boy. He became a successful farmer and profited from owning land with coal deposits. He and his wife Anna (Nancy) Imel had ten children and relocated to a farm in Licking County near the village of Outville. Samuel used his wealth to set his children upon their own entrepreneurial endeavors. The most successful of these was the business of his son, E.T. (Ephraim) Rugg, whose rope and halter store in Alexandria, OH would grow to become a major manufacturer of lawn mowers in Newark, OH. S.V. Rugg II donated a large number of photographs and family history notes that are now part of the Licking County Library’s local history collections. S.V. Rugg II was F.M.’s son and E.T.’s grandnephew and worked for the E.T. Rugg Company.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. Shown here is the centerpiece of the parade, the Conestoga wagon with “For the Ohio Country” written on the side. This oxen-pulled wagon was taken by the reenactors from town to town across the states that formed the Northwest Territories to commemorate the event. Mounted figures precede the wagon while those on foot follow after as it passes east down West Main Street toward the courthouse square. The two-story Sears Building at 33 West Main Street can be seen in the center with the block of three-story, nineteenth-century buildings to its left. The Nash-Lafayette automobile dealership, now demolished, stands on the left side of the image. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Robbins Brothers Circus parade in Newark, OH on May 9, 1938. Pictured here is a horse-drawn wagon transporting caged animals with the “Robbins Bros. Circus” written on the side. Onlookers watch on an unknown city street while the circus parade passes. The show in Newark began Monday, May 9 on Locust Street and featured 3 rings and 250 animals, including 20 elephants. Robbins Bros. Circus was operated by Fred Buchanan in the 1920s and 1930s. Its home base was near Des Moines, IA and the show featured a large menagerie. That first iteration of the business closed in the early 1930s, but the name and some of the wagons were reused in 1938 in a second Robbins Bros. Circus venture. The second venture was affiliated with the Cole Bros. Circus.

Black and white photograph taken by local resident Sylvester V. Rugg II of the Northwest Territory Parade that shows the progression through the city of Newark, OH on May 4, 1938. The Granville Co-operative Company of Granville, OH presents a float with historical reenactments on the flatbed of a truck. The mid-nineteenth century, brick-constructed Newkirk House at 63 West Main Street and the neighboring Oldsmobile dealership stand in the background amidst the crowd of onlookers. The Northwest Territory Parade celebrated the sesquicentennial of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the formal organization of the Territory in 1788. The geographic area in this organization included the modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota. The Parade of 1938 recreated part of the pioneers’ path from Ipswich, MA to Marietta, OH, where the caravan arrived on April 7, 1938 for the 150th anniversary of the landing at Marietta. The caravan continued through Ohio in April and May, moved west into the other states that once formed the Northwest Territories, and returned to Ohio in October 1938.