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2. Status and future development of Heating and Current Drive for the EU DEMO

Author

Tran, M.Q., Agostinetti, P., Aiello, G., Avramidis, K., Baiocchi, B., Barbisan, M., Bobkov, V., Briefi, S., Bruschi, A., Chavan, R., Chelis, I., Day, Ch., Delogu, R., Ell, B., Fanale, F., Fassina, A., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Figini, L., Fiorucci, D., Friedl, R., Franke, Th., Gantenbein, G., Garavaglia, S., Granucci, G., Hanke, S., Hogge, J.-P., Hopf, C., Kostic, A., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Latsas, G., Louche, F., Maquet, V., Maggiora, R., Messiaen, A., Milanesio, D., Mimo, A., Moro, A., Ochoukov, R., Ongena, J., Pagonakis, I.G., Peponis, D., Pimazzoni, A., Ragona, R., Rispoli, N., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Scherer, T., Spaeh, P., Starnella, G., Strauss, D., Thumm, M., Tierens, W., Tigelis, I., Tsironis, C., Usoltceva, M., Van Eester, D., Veronese, F., Vincenzi, P., Wagner, F., Wu, C., Zeus, F., and Zhang, W.

Published
2022
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3. Commissioning and first results of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Moseev, D., primary, Ponomarenko, S., additional, Laqua, H.P., additional, Stange, T., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Braune, H., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Kasparek, W., additional, Kuleshov, A., additional, Krier, L., additional, Lechte, C., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Nishiura, M., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Ragona, R., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Stordiau, P., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Wolf, R.C., additional, Zimmermann, J., additional, and W7-X Team, the, additional

Published
2024
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4. Development of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostics at Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Ponomarenko, S., Moseev, D., Stange, T., Krier, L., Stordiau, P., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G, Jelonnek, J., Kuleshov, A., Laqua, H. P., Lechte, C., Marsen, S., Nielsen, S. K., Oosterbeek, J. W., Plaum, B., Ragona, R., Rasmussen, J., Ruess, T., Salewski, M, Thumm, M., Zimmermann, J., Ponomarenko, S., Moseev, D., Stange, T., Krier, L., Stordiau, P., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G, Jelonnek, J., Kuleshov, A., Laqua, H. P., Lechte, C., Marsen, S., Nielsen, S. K., Oosterbeek, J. W., Plaum, B., Ragona, R., Rasmussen, J., Ruess, T., Salewski, M, Thumm, M., and Zimmermann, J.

Abstract

In this paper, we present the design and commissioning results of the upgraded collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. The diagnostic has a new radiometer designed to operate between the second and third harmonics of the electron cyclotron emission from the plasma at 171-177 GHz, where the emission background has a minimum and is of order 10-100 eV. It allows us to receive the scattered electromagnetic field with a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and extends the set of possible scattering geometries compared to the case of the original instrument operated at 140 GHz. The elements of the diagnostic are a narrowband notch filter and a frequency stabilized probing gyrotron that will allow measuring scattered radiation spectra very close to the probing frequency. Here, we characterize the microwave components applied to the radiometer and demonstrate the performance of the complete system that was achieved during the latest experimental campaign, OP2.1.

Published
2024

5. Commissioning and first results of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Moseev, D., Ponomarenko, S., Laqua, H.P., Stange, T., Nielsen, S.K., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Kuleshov, A., Krier, L., Lechte, C., Marsen, S., Nishiura, M., Plaum, B., Ragona, R., Ruess, T., Salewski, M., Stordiau, P., Thumm, M., Wolf, R.C., Zimmermann, J., Moseev, D., Ponomarenko, S., Laqua, H.P., Stange, T., Nielsen, S.K., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Kuleshov, A., Krier, L., Lechte, C., Marsen, S., Nishiura, M., Plaum, B., Ragona, R., Ruess, T., Salewski, M., Stordiau, P., Thumm, M., Wolf, R.C., and Zimmermann, J.

Abstract

Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostics measure the scattering spectrum of monochromatic incident radiation off collective fluctuations in the plasma. In this contribution, we present the first results from the upgraded CTS diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) operating in the frequency range between 172 and 176 GHz. This frequency range allows for minimization of noise originating from the electron cyclotron emission in the plasma. Consequently, the good signal-to-noise ratio allows measurements of fast ions or bulk plasma parameters with higher temporal resolution compared with the previously used 140 GHz system.

Published
2024

7. The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Author

Laqua H. P., Avramidis K. A., Braune H., Chelis I., Gantenbein G., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Jelonnek J., Jin J., Krier L., Lechte C., Leggieri A., Legrand F., Marsen S., Moseev D., Oosterbeek H., Rzesnicki T., Ruess T., Stange T., Thumm M., Tigelis I., and Wolf R. C.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The existing ECRH system at W7-X consists of 10 gyrotrons, with output power levels ranging from 0.6 MW up to 1.0 MW each at a frequency of 140 GHz, quasi-optical transmission lines and microwave launchers at the plasma vessel. Compared to other large fusion experiments, W7-X has a relatively low power-to-volume ratio. However high heating power is particularly necessary for achieving high plasma beta values, where the improved confinement of fast ions, one of the optimization criteria of W7-X, can be examined. It is therefore necessary to expand the ECRH systems in several consecutive steps. It is planned to increase the number of gyrotron positions from 10 to 12 and at the same time to evolve the gyrotron output power in several development steps from 1 MW to nominal 1.5 MW and, finally, up to 2 MW. At the same time, the transmission lines will also be upgraded for 2 MW operation. A special effort is also made to improve the reliability of the system by the fast control system.

Published
2023
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9. Parasitic-modes free, high-performance operation of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz Short-Pulse Prototype Gyrotron for ITER

Author

Rzesnicki, T., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Chelis, I., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Feuerstein, L., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jin, J., additional, Leggieri, A., additional, Legrand, F., additional, Lievin, C., additional, Marek, A., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Stanculovic, S., additional, and Thumm, M., additional

Published
2023
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11. Progress in High Power Gyrotron Development Projects at KIT

Author

Gantenbein, G., primary, Avramidis, K., additional, Ell, B., additional, Delpech, L., additional, Feuerstein, L., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Jin, J., additional, Krier, L., additional, Laqua, H. P., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Stanculovic, S., additional, and Thumm, M., additional

Published
2023
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14. A new 3MW ECRH system at 105 GHz for WEST

Author

Delpech, L. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. Ayreault, A. Batal, T. Bernard, J.-M. Bouquey, F. Chelis, I. Clairet, F. Corbel, E. Doceul, L. Durand, F. Dumont, R. Fonghetti, T. Gantenbein, G. Garibaldi, P. Giruzzi, G. Goodman, T. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Laqua, H. Legrand, F. Lievin, C. Magaud, P. Maget, P. Manas, P. Marsen, S. Regal-Mezin, X. Mollard, P. Mouyon, D. Nicolas, L. Ouerfelli, A. Pagonakis, I. Robinet, B. Ruess, T. Santraine, B. Thumm, M. Ioannidis, Z. the WEST team and Delpech, L. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. Ayreault, A. Batal, T. Bernard, J.-M. Bouquey, F. Chelis, I. Clairet, F. Corbel, E. Doceul, L. Durand, F. Dumont, R. Fonghetti, T. Gantenbein, G. Garibaldi, P. Giruzzi, G. Goodman, T. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Laqua, H. Legrand, F. Lievin, C. Magaud, P. Maget, P. Manas, P. Marsen, S. Regal-Mezin, X. Mollard, P. Mouyon, D. Nicolas, L. Ouerfelli, A. Pagonakis, I. Robinet, B. Ruess, T. Santraine, B. Thumm, M. Ioannidis, Z. the WEST team

Abstract

The aim of the WEST experiments is to master long plasma pulses (1000s) and expose ITER-like tungsten wall to deposited heat fluxes up to 10 MW/m2. To increase the margin to reach the H-Mode and to control W-impurities in the plasma, the installation of an upgraded ECRH heating system, with a gyrotron performance of 1MW/1000s per unit, is planned in 2023. With the modifications of Tore Supra to WEST, simulations at a magnetic field B0∼3.7T and a central density ne0∼6 × 1019 m−3 show that the optimal frequency for central absorption is 105 GHz. For this purpose, a 105 GHz/1MW gyrotron (TH1511) has been designed at KIT in 2021, based on the technological design of the 140 GHz/1.5 MW (TH1507U) gyrotron for W7-X. Currently, three units are under fabrication at THALES. In the first phase of the project, some of the previous Tore Supra Electron Cyclotron (EC) system components will be re-installed and re-used whenever possible. This paper describes the studies performed to adapt the new ECRH system to 105 GHz and the status of the modifications necessary to re-start the system with a challenging schedule. © 2022

Published
2023

15. The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Author

Laqua, H., Avramidis, K., Braune, H., Chelis, I., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Krier, L., Lechte, C., Leggieri, A., Legrand, F., Marsen, S., Moseev, D., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-8565, Oosterbeek, J., Rzesnicki, T., Ruess, T., Stange, T., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4154-1455, Thumm, M., Tigelis, I., Wolf, R., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-5289, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Published
2023

16. Short-pulse frequency stabilization of a MW-class ECRH gyrotron at W7-X for CTS diagnostic

Author

W7-X Team, Krier, L., Avramidis, K. A., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Laqua, H. P., Marsen, S., Moseev, D., Noke, F., Ruess, T., Stange, T., Thumm, M., and Wolf, R. C.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Abstract

At the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, a 174 GHz Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic will be implemented. One of the 140 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) gyrotrons will be operated at around 174 GHz in a higher cavity mode, using it as source for the CTS mm-wave probing beam. To prevent any damage to the CTS receiver, a notch filter cuts out the high-power gyrotron signal at the entrance of the receiver. The bandwidth of the gyrotron signal determines the notch filter bandwidth. First proof-of-principle experiments on frequency stabilization were conducted on W7-X ECRH gyrotrons employing Phase-Locked Loop techniques. The gyrotron output frequency was controlled with the accelerating voltage, which is applied between the anode and cathode of the gyrotron diode-type Magnetron Injection Gun. Frequency stabilization experiments with 10 ms pulses were conducted at the gyrotron nominal frequency of 140 GHz as well as at 174 GHz. It is concluded that the gyrotron frequency could be stabilized for at least 3 ms at 140 GHz and 8 ms at 174 GHz. In the frequency spectrum, a clear main peak of the gyrotron frequency at 140 GHz with a full -15 dB linewidth of below 500 Hz was achieved.

Published
2023
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17. The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Author

W7-X Team, Laqua, H. P., Avramidis, K. A., Braune, H., Chelis, I., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Krier, L., Lechte, C., Leggieri, A., Legrand, F., Marsen, S., Moseev, D., Oosterbeek, H., Rzesnicki, T., Ruess, T., Stange, T., Thumm, M., Tigelis, I., Wolf, R. C., Poli, E., Liu, Y., and Udintsev, V.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600, W7-X, ECRH
Abstract

The existing ECRH system at W7-X consists of 10 gyrotrons, with output power levels ranging from 0.6 MW up to 1.0 MW each at a frequency of 140 GHz, quasi-optical transmission lines and microwave launchers at the plasma vessel. Compared to other large fusion experiments, W7-X has a relatively low power-to-volume ratio. However high heating power is particularly necessary for achieving high plasma beta values, where the improved confinement of fast ions, one of the optimization criteria of W7-X, can be examined. It is therefore necessary to expand the ECRH systems in several consecutive steps. It is planned to increase the number of gyrotron positions from 10 to 12 and at the same time to evolve the gyrotron output power in several development steps from 1 MW to nominal 1.5 MW and, finally, up to 2 MW. At the same time, the transmission lines will also be upgraded for 2 MW operation. A special effort is also made to improve the reliability of the system by the fast control system.

Published
2023

21. Status and future development of Heating and Current Drive for the EU DEMO

Author

Tran, M.Q. Agostinetti, P. Aiello, G. Avramidis, K. Baiocchi, B. Barbisan, M. Bobkov, V. Briefi, S. Bruschi, A. Chavan, R. Chelis, I. Day, C. Delogu, R. Ell, B. Fanale, F. Fassina, A. Fantz, U. Faugel, H. Figini, L. Fiorucci, D. Friedl, R. Franke, T. Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Granucci, G. Hanke, S. Hogge, J.-P. Hopf, C. Kostic, A. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Latsas, G. Louche, F. Maquet, V. Maggiora, R. Messiaen, A. Milanesio, D. Mimo, A. Moro, A. Ochoukov, R. Ongena, J. Pagonakis, I.G. Peponis, D. Pimazzoni, A. Ragona, R. Rispoli, N. Ruess, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Spaeh, P. Starnella, G. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Tierens, W. Tigelis, I. Tsironis, C. Usoltceva, M. Van Eester, D. Veronese, F. Vincenzi, P. Wagner, F. Wu, C. Zeus, F. Zhang, W. Contributors from all Laboratories which have contributed to the Work Package HCD during 2014-2020 and Tran, M.Q. Agostinetti, P. Aiello, G. Avramidis, K. Baiocchi, B. Barbisan, M. Bobkov, V. Briefi, S. Bruschi, A. Chavan, R. Chelis, I. Day, C. Delogu, R. Ell, B. Fanale, F. Fassina, A. Fantz, U. Faugel, H. Figini, L. Fiorucci, D. Friedl, R. Franke, T. Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Granucci, G. Hanke, S. Hogge, J.-P. Hopf, C. Kostic, A. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Latsas, G. Louche, F. Maquet, V. Maggiora, R. Messiaen, A. Milanesio, D. Mimo, A. Moro, A. Ochoukov, R. Ongena, J. Pagonakis, I.G. Peponis, D. Pimazzoni, A. Ragona, R. Rispoli, N. Ruess, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Spaeh, P. Starnella, G. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Tierens, W. Tigelis, I. Tsironis, C. Usoltceva, M. Van Eester, D. Veronese, F. Vincenzi, P. Wagner, F. Wu, C. Zeus, F. Zhang, W. Contributors from all Laboratories which have contributed to the Work Package HCD during 2014-2020

Abstract

The European DEMO is a pulsed device with pulse length of 2 hours. The functions devoted to the heating and current drive system are: plasma breakdown, plasma ramp-up to the flat-top where fusion reactions occur, the control of the plasma during the flat-top phase, and finally the plasma ramp-down. The EU-DEMO project was in a Pre-Concept Design Phase during 2014-2020, meaning that in some cases, the design values of the device and the precise requirements from the physics point of view were not yet frozen. A total of 130 MW was considered for the all phases of the plasma: in the flat top, 30 MW is required for neoclassical tearing modes (NTM) control, 30 MW for burn control, and 70 MW for the control of thermal instability (TI), without any specific functions requested from each system, Electron Cyclotron (EC), Ion Cyclotron (IC), or Neutral Beam (NB) Injection. At the beginning of 2020, a strategic decision was taken, to consider EC as the baseline for the next phase (in 2021 and beyond). R&D on IC and NB will be risk mitigation measures. In parallel with progresses in Physics modelling, a decision point on the heating strategy will be taken by 2024. This paper describes the status of the R&D development during the period 2014-2020. It assumes that the 3 systems EC, IC and NB will be needed. For integration studies, they are assumed to be implemented at a power level of at least 50 MW. This paper describes in detail the status reached by the EC, IC and NB at the end of 2020. It will be used in the future for further development of the baseline heating method EC, and serves as starting point to further develop IC and NB in areas needed for these systems to be considered for DEMO. © 2022

Published
2022

22. Ultra narrowband detection scheme for dark photon / axion around 30 GHz

Author

Miyazaki, Akira, Lofnes, Tor, Caspers, F., Spagnolo, P., Jelonnek, J., Ruess, T., Steinmann, J. L., Thumm, M., Miyazaki, Akira, Lofnes, Tor, Caspers, F., Spagnolo, P., Jelonnek, J., Ruess, T., Steinmann, J. L., and Thumm, M.

Abstract

We demonstrated that ultra narrowband filtering at 30 GHz dramatically enhances the signal-to-noise ratio to search for dark matter candidates which couple to millimeter waves. A coherent signal relatively locked between a synthesizer and a signal analyzer can be clearly distinguished from incoherent blackbody radiation after real time FFT over a long period. We propose a novel experiment for studying dark matter candidates.

Published
2022
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24. 2018 Status of the Measurement Capabilities for Fusion Gyrotrons at KIT/IHM

Author

Ruess T., Avramidis K. A., Fuchs M., Gantenbein G., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Lutz F. C., Ruess S., Rzesnicki T., Thumm M., Wagner D., Weggen J., and Jelonnek J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

This paper gives an overview about three key measurement capabilities at KIT/IHM for fusion gyrotrons. The discussed topics are: RF window test facility, low power launcher test setup and the frequency measurement setup placed at the high power test facility. Further, approaches for upgrading the setups to frequencies above 200 GHz are discussed.

Published
2018
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26. 2018 Status on KIT Gyrotron Activities

Author

Jelonnek John, Aiello G., Avramidis K., Gantenbein G., Grossetti G., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Kalaria P., Marek A., Pagonakis I. Gr., Rzesnicki T., Ruess S., Ruess T., Scherer T., Schmid M., Strauss D., Thumm M., Wilde F., Wu C., and Zein A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Published
2018
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27. European research activities towards a future DEMO gyrotron

Author

Jelonnek J., Aiello G., Alberti S., Avramidis K., Bertinetti A., Bruschi A., Chelis J., Franke T., Gantenbein G., Garavaglia S., Granucci G., Grossetti G., Illy S., Ioannidis Z.C., Jin J., Kalaria P., Latsas G.P., Laqua H., Leggieri A., Legrand F., Marek A., Pagonakis I.Gr., Peponis D., Savoldi L., Rzesnicki T., Ruess S., Ruess T., Scherer T., Schmid M., Strauss D., Tigelis I., Thumm M., Tran M.Q., Wilde F., Wu C., Zanino R., and Zein A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Published
2017
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28. Towards a 1.5 MW, 140 GHz gyrotron for the upgraded ECRH system at W7-X

Author

Avramidis, K.A. Ioannidis, Z.C. Aiello, G. Bénin, P. Chelis, I. Dinklage, A. Gantenbein, G. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Laqua, H.P. Leggieri, A. Legrand, F. Marek, A. Marsen, S. Pagonakis, I.G. Ruess, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I. Wagner, D. Weggen, J. Wolf, R.C. the Wendelstein 7-X Team

Abstract

For the required upgrades of the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating system at the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, the development of a 1.5 MW 140 GHz Continuous Wave (CW) prototype gyrotron has started. KIT has been responsible to deliver the scientific design of the tube (i.e. the electron optics design and the RF design), with contributions from NKUA and IPP. The prototype gyrotron has been ordered at the industrial partner, Thales, France, and is expected to be delivered in 2021. In parallel, a short-pulse pre-prototype gyrotron has been developed at KIT, to provide the means for a first experimental validation of the scientific design in ms pulses, prior to the construction of the CW prototype. This paper reports on the status of the 1.5 MW CW gyrotron development, focusing on the scientific design and its numerical and experimental validation. © 2021 Konstantinos A. Avramidis, Zisis C. Ioannidis, Gaetano Aiello, Patrick Bénin, Ioannis Chelis, Andreas Dinklage, Gerd Gantenbein, Stefan Illy, John Jelonnek, Jianbo Jin, Heinrich P. Laqua, Alberto Leggieri, François Legrand, Alexander Marek, Stefan Marsen, Ioannis Gr. Pagonakis, Tobias Ruess, Tomasz Rzesnicki, Theo Scherer, Dirk Strauss, Manfred Thumm, Ioannis Tigelis, Dietmar Wagner, Jörg Weggen, Robert C. Wolf, the Wendelstein 7-X Team

Published
2021

29. Research on Gyrotron Components and Control for Advanced EC Heating, Plasma Control and Diagnostics

Author

Jelonnek J., Aiello G., Alberti S., Avramidis K., Braune H., Bruschi A., Chelis I., Ell B., Franke T., Gantenbein G., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Jin J., Laqua H., Latsas G., Marek A., Marsen S., Moseev D., Oosterbeek J.W., Peponis D., Krier L., Ruess T., Rzesnicki T., Savoldi L., Scherer T., Spaeh P., Stanculovic S., Stange T., Strauss D., Thumm M., Tigelis I., Tran M.Q., Wolf R., and Wu C.

Subjects
Plasma Control and Diagnostics, Gyrotron Components, Control for Advanced EC Heating
Abstract

Research on Gyrotron Components and Control for Advanced EC Heating, Plasma Control and Diagnostics.

Published
2021

31. Frequency Stabilization of Megawatt-Class 140 GHz Gyrotrons at W7-X Using an Off-the-Shelf PLL System

Author

Krier, L., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Braune, H., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ioannidis, Z., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Laqua, H. P., additional, Marsen, S., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Noke, F., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Stange, T., additional, Thumm, M., additional, and Wolf, R. C., additional

Published
2021
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33. Overview of recent gyrotron R&D towards DEMO within EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive

Author

Avramidis, K.A. Aiello, G. Alberti, S. Brücker, P.T. Bruschi, A. Chelis, I. Franke, T. Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Genoud, J. George, M. Granucci, G. Grossetti, G. Hogge, J.-P. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z.C. Jelonnek, J. Jin, J. Kalaria, P.C. Latsas, G.P. Marek, A. Pagonakis, I.G. Peponis, D.V. Ruess, S. Ruess, T. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Schmid, M. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I. Wu, C. Zein, A. Zisis, A. Tran, M.Q.

Abstract

Gyrotron R&D within the EUROfusion Work Package Heating and Current Drive (WPHCD) is addressing the challenging requirements posed on gyrotrons by the European concept for a demonstration fusion power plant (EU DEMO). These requirements, as specified within WPHCD, ask for highly reliable and robust long-pulse operation of the gyrotron, delivering 2 MW of microwave power at frequencies above 200 GHz with a high overall efficiency above 60% and the option for fast frequency step-tunability. To meet these targets, which are clearly beyond today's state-of-the-art, the R&D activities within WPHCD are organized in five main branches: these are the experimental verification of the advanced coaxial gyrotron technology at long pulses, the development of a coaxial gyrotron meeting the EU DEMO requirements, the development of multi-stage depressed collectors for enhanced energy recovery, the development of large broadband diamond windows to allow fast frequency tunability of the gyrotron, and the studies on further innovations and improvement of critical gyrotron components, in view of optimization of performance, reliability, and industrialization. The paper presents the progress made on these activities, the recent results, and the near-term planning. The major recent achievements include (i) the experimental validation of the fabrication of the new, water-cooled components for the longer-pulse coaxial gyrotron at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, by demonstrating 2.2 MW at 170 GHz with 33% efficiency without depressed collector, (ii) the design of key components for a 2 MW, 170/204 GHz dual-frequency coaxial gyrotron, (iii) the design of a two-stage depressed collector with 77% efficiency, (iv) the first-ever production, in an industrial plasma reactor, of large chemical vapor deposition diamond wafers of 180 mm diameter, (v) the procurement of an advanced electron gun with coated emitter edges, and (vi) advances in the theoretical and numerical modelling for investigating improved concepts for the gyrotron beam tunnel and cavity. © EURATOM 2019.

Published
2019

34. Nuclear Fusion (FUSION): Plasma Heating Systems -Microwave Plasma Heating & Current Drive System

Author

Gantenbein, Gerd, Avramidis, K., Franck, J., Fuchs, M., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kalaria, P., Kobarg, Th., Lang, R., Leonhardt, W., Marschall, M., Mellein, D., Meier, A., Pagonakis, I., Papenfuß, A., Ruess, S., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Scherer, Theo A., Schmid, M., Strauss, D., M. Thumm, M., Wadle, S., Weggen, J., Wu, Ch., Zein, A., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Munk, R., Plaum, B., Remppel, F., Röhlinger, H., Roth, B., Schlüter, K. H., Wolf, S., Zeitler, A., Berndt, B., Braune, H., Hollmann, F., Jonitz, L., Laqua, H., Marsen, S., Noke, F., Preynas, M., Purps, F., Reintrog, A., Schulz, T., Stange, T., Uhren, P., Weißgerber, M., and Wilde, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2019

35. DEMO-Relevant Gyrotron Research at KIT

Author

Avramidis, K. A., primary, Jin, J., additional, Kalaria, P. C., additional, Marek, A., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, S., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Strauss, D., additional, Aiello, G., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Tran, M. Q., additional, Wu, C., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Brucker, P. T., additional, Ell, B., additional, Franke, T., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Grossetti, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, and Ioannidis, Z. C., additional

Published
2019
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36. Automated Generation of High-Order Modes for Tests of Quasi-Optical Systems of Gyrotrons for W7-X Stellarator

Author

Ruess, T., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Ioannidis, Z., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jin, J., additional, Lutz, F.-C., additional, Marek, A., additional, Ruess, S., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Wagner, D., additional, Weggen, J., additional, and Jelonnek, J., additional

Published
2019
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40. Overview of Recent Gyrotron R&D at KIT in View of the EU DEMO

Author

Avramidis, K. A., primary, Aiello, G., additional, Brucker, P. T., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, George, M., additional, Grossetti, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Joannidis, IZ. C., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kalaria, P. C., additional, Marek, A., additional, Pazonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, S., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Strauss, D., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Wu, C., additional, Zein, A., additional, Jelonnek, J., additional, Franke, T., additional, and Tran, M. Q., additional

Published
2018
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41. Development and First Operation of the 170 GHz, 2 MW Longer-Pulse Coaxial-Cavity Modular Gyrotron Prototype at KIT

Author

Rzesnicki, T., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Joannidis, Z. C., additional, Jin, J., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, S., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Weggen, J., additional, and Jelonnek, J., additional

Published
2018
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42. KIT coaxial gyrotron development: from ITER toward DEMO

Author

Ruess, S., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Fuchs, M., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Ioannidis, Z., additional, Illy, S., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kalaria, P. C., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Weggen, J., additional, Zein, A., additional, and Jelonnek, J., additional

Published
2018
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44. KIT in-house manufacturing and first operation of a 170 GHz 2 MW longer-pulse coaxial-cavity pre-prototype gyrotron

Author

Ruess, S., primary, Avramidis, K. A., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Ioannidis, Z., additional, Illy, S., additional, Kalaria, P. C., additional, Kobarg, T., additional, Pagonakis, I. Gr., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Weggen, J., additional, and Jelonnek, J., additional

Published
2018
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45. European research activities towards a future DEMO gyrotron

Author

Jelonnek, J. Aiello, G. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. and Bertinetti, A. Bruschi, A. Chelis, J. Franke, T. and Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Granucci, G. Grossetti, G. and Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. C. Jin, J. Kalaria, P. Latsas, G. P. Laqua, H. Leggieri, A. Legrand, F. Marek, A. and Pagonakis, I. Gr. Peponis, D. Savoldi, L. Rzesnicki, T. and Ruess, S. Ruess, T. Scherer, T. Schmid, M. Strauss, D. and Tigelis, I. Thumm, M. Tran, M. Q. Wilde, F. Wu, C. and Zanino, R. Zein, A.

Published
2017

46. Developments of fusion gyrotrons for W7-X, ITER and EU DEMO: Ongoing activities and future plans of KIT

Author

Jelonnek, J., primary, Aiello, G., additional, Avramidis, K., additional, Gantenbein, G., additional, Grossetti, G., additional, Illy, S., additional, Ioannidis, Z. C., additional, Jin, J., additional, Kalaria, P., additional, Marek, A., additional, Pagonakis, I. G., additional, Rzesnicki, T., additional, Ruess, S., additional, Ruess, T., additional, Scherer, T., additional, Schmid, M., additional, Strauss, D., additional, Thumm, M., additional, Wilde, F., additional, Wu, C., additional, and Zein, A., additional

Published
2017
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47. KIT coaxial gyrotron development: from ITER toward DEMO.

Author

Kallfass, Ingmar, Vossiek, Martin, A. Hein, Matthias, Ruess, S., Avramidis, K. A., Fuchs, M., Gantenbein, G., Ioannidis, Z., Illy, S., Jin, J., Kalaria, P. C., Kobarg, T., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Schmid, M., Thumm, M., Weggen, J., Zein, A., and Jelonnek, J.

Published
2018
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49. Current Status of the KIT Coaxial-Cavity Long-Pulse Gyrotron and its Key Components.

Author

Avramidis, K. A., Gantenbein, G., Ioannidis, Z., Illy, S., Kalaria, P. C., Kobarg, T., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Weggen, J., Ruess, S., Thumm, M., and Jelonnek, J.

Subjects
GYROTRONS, RADIO frequency, COOLING systems, MAGNETRONS, ELECTRON beams, BAKING, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

Today's performance requirements for future DEMO gyrotrons are an operating frequency > 200 GHz and an output power of 2 MW. A total gyrotron efficiency of better than 60 % must be achieved. Multi-purpose/multi-frequency operation and frequency step-tunability are required also. It has been shown earlier, that the coaxial-cavity technology is a promising candidate [1] for future fusion power plants. In [1] a world record RF output power at 170 GHz of 2.2 MW has been presented in short-pulse operation (~ few milliseconds). However, it has to be proven that the coaxial-cavity technology can be used in steady-state operation. That shall be achieved by upgrading the existing 2 MW 170 GHz short-pulse prototype with a cooling system and the implementation of advanced Magnetron Injection Guns (MIGs) [3]. Both, the advanced MIGs as well as the longpulse gyrotron will show the way towards a possible solution for DEMO with a significantly higher output power at higher operating frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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50. 2018 Status on KIT Gyrotron Activities.

Author

Avramidis, K., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Kalaria, P., Marek, A., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Rzesnicki, T., Ruess, T., Schmid, M., Wu, C., Zein, A., Jelonnek, John, Ruess, S., Thumm, M., Wilde, F., Aiello, G., Grossetti, G., and Scherer, T.

Subjects
ELECTRON cyclotron resonance heating, GYROTRONS, CURRENT-drive heating, NUCLEAR fusion, MILLIMETER waves, SUBMILLIMETER waves
Published
2018
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