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Background: The objective of this work was to propose the treatment of the wastewater from Laguna da Jansen using adsorptive processes of residues of pineapple crown and shrimp chitosan. Methods: Residual substrates were distributed in 11 Erlenmeyers, and 250 mL of residual pond water were added; the solution was incubated under agitation at the times and amounts established by the Experimental Design (DCCR). After this period, analyses of pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, and nitrite, morphological analyses by SEM, and structural analyses by FTIR and XRD were performed. Results: The FTIR and SEM results showed that the biomass presented active chemical groups and a morphology rich in pores. The experimental design showed that the substrate content was the variable that influenced the lagoon effluent treatments for both tested biomasses; however, when observing the specific values of the response variables, the vegetable adsorbent was more efficient with the conditions of 15g of substrate and 30 days of process. Conclusion: Plant biomass is more efficient in the treatment of effluents rich in organic materials. It can be used in treatment plants as an alternative for the removal of toxic compounds present in wastewater and effluents.

Individuals affected by COVID-19 have an alteration in autonomic balance, associated with impaired cardiac parasympathetic modulation and, consequently, a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). This study examines the inter- and intrarater reliability of HRV) parameters derived from short-term recordings in individuals post-COVID. Sixty-nine participants of both genders post-COVID were included. The RR interval, the time elapsed between two successive R-waves of the QRS signal on the electrocardiogram (RRi), were recorded during a 10 min period in a supine position using a portable heart rate monitor (Polar® V800 model). The data were transferred into Kubios® HRV standard analysis software and analyzed within the stable sessions containing 256 sequential RRi. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.920 to 1.000 according to the intrarater analysis by Researcher 01 and 0.959 to 0.999 according to the intrarater by Researcher 02. The interrater ICC ranged from 0.912 to 0.998. The coefficient of variation was up to 9.23 for Researcher 01 intrarater analysis, 6.96 for Researcher 02 intrarater analysis and 8.83 for interrater analysis. The measurement of HRV in post-COVID-19 individuals is reliable and presents a small amount of error inherent to the method, supporting its use in the clinical environment and in scientific research.

Samuel Oliveira Costa,1 Suellen Nogueira Linares Lima,1 Maria Victória Nassif,2 Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas,1 Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez,1 Darlon Martins Lima,3 Matheus Coelho Bandeca2,3 1Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Maranhão, 65075-120, Brazil; 2Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, University of Tuiuti of Paraná, Curitiba, 82010-330, Brazil; 3Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, BrazilCorrespondence: Matheus Coelho BandecaPost-Graduation Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, Josue Montello, Renascença, São Luis, Maranhão, 65072-120, BrazilTel +55 98 982232998Fax +55 98 32144127Email mbandeca@gmail.comIntroduction: Critical failures in ceramic materials can be caused by the processing mode, which includes all steps taken in the manufacture of a ceramic part, from molding to firing.Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extended firing on bond strength in densely sintered ceramics of the zirconium reinforced lithium silicate, lithium disilicate, and feldspathic ceramic.Materials and Methods: Three types of ceramics were evaluated: zirconium reinforced lithium silicate, lithium disilicate, feldspathic ceramic. A total of 6 ceramic blocks, two for each material were used in the study. Each block was cut into four square sections. A total of 24 ceramic surfaces were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 4 surfaces per group) divided according to the variables: heat treatment: conventional firing or extended firing; test time: immediate (24 hours after cementation) or longevity (after 1000 cycles of thermocycling). The bond strength tests were performed in a semi-universal test machine for microshear bond strength. For data analysis, the Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to evaluate the normality between the groups measured, and regarding homoscedasticity (homogeneity of variances) by the Bartlett test. The comparisons between the groups were made using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: There was no statistically significant difference of the resistance values in relation to the thermal treatment methods (conventional firing and extended firing) in any ceramic group (p < 0.05). Among the times (immediate and long), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), with higher resistance values for immediate time.Conclusion: Extended firing did not influence the micro-shear bond strength of zirconium reinforced lithium silicate, lithium disilicate, feldspathic ceramic.Keywords: ceramics, CAD/CAM, dental cements, thermal cycle

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the inter-reliability of the Braden scale and its subscales for different patients assisted in the intensive care unit. We hypothesized that the Braden scale has low reliability in different populations. METHODS: This reliability study involved the Braden scale in intensive care unit of a hospital. A total of 200 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit in four different groups: neurological patients, sepsis, elderly, and adults affected by trauma. The Braden scale is a tool composed of six subscales for patient assessment: sensory perception, humidity, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction. The total score was also calculated. The Braden scale was applied by two different nurses with an interval of 20–30 min between applications. RESULTS: For all populations, kappa values considered unsuitable were observed for most categories of the Braden scale, ranging from 0.06–0.25. Only for the total Braden scale score was moderate reliability identified in all groups evaluated, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.48–0.75. CONCLUSIONS: Braden scale is not a reliable tool to be used in the intensive care unit, and we do not recommend the use of this scale to assess the risk of developing pressure injury.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate the internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals over 18 years old of both sexes, with Brazilian Portuguese as their native language. The structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The model fit was evaluated by the following indices: root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, standardized root mean square residual, and χ²/degrees of freedom. We used the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion to compare different structures of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 241 individuals participated in this study. The original structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire with 16 items and 3 domains was compared to a structure with 14 items and 3 domains. The internal structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire with 14 items showed better fit indices and lower Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. CONCLUSION: The best internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire in adults presents 3 domains and 14 items.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the impact of home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on the quality of life and aesthetic perception of patients. Material and methods A total of 107 patients between 18 and 38 years of age with good oral and general health and at least one anterior tooth in color A2 or darker were selected. Patients who previously underwent any type of bleaching procedures were excluded. All patients received a home bleaching treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide. Before beginning the bleaching treatment, the selected patients responded a form with the Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) questionnaire. One month after the bleaching treatment, the patients answered the same questionnaires again. The mean ΔE after bleaching was obtained for the canines and lateral and central incisors. The OHIP-14 and OASIS data were measured for the total sample before and after bleaching using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a 5% significance level. Results The effectiveness of whitening by significant color variation was observed in all groups of teeth with less variation in ΔE for central incisors. Comparing before and after bleaching, there was no significant difference in impact for any of the seven domains and total OHIP-14 scores, although a decrease was observed in the discomfort and psychological disability domains. As for the self-perception of dental aesthetics, measured by the OASIS, there was also no significant difference for all the items evaluated; however, it was possible to observe an increase in "concern with dental appearance" after bleaching. Conclusions Home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide did not have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and aesthetic perception, although there was a decrease in the domain of psychological discomfort and an increase in concerns about dental appearance. Key words:Tooth Bleaching, quality of life, self-perception, dental aesthetics.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Background: To evaluate the influence of the association of the universal adhesive system to different energy densities of the Nd:YAG laser on the hydraulic conductance of dentin. Material and Methods: Fifty bovine dentin discs were made. The samples were stratified into four groups (n = 10) according to the treatment performed; SBU- Adper Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE), SBU_60 - SBU associated with the Nd:YAG laser (60mJ, 10Hz, 0.6W - 47.77 J / cm²), SBU_80 - SBU associated with the Nd:YAG laser (80mJ, 10Hz, 0.8 W - 63.69 J / cm2) and C – dentin without treatment (smear layer). Hydraulic conductance measurements were taken 24 hours after the treatments (HC1) and after erosive challenge (HC2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) helped to visualize the dentin after the different treatments. Scheffe and Games-Howell statistical tests were used to analyze hydraulic conductance (α = 0.05). Results: The treated dentin (SBU, SBU_60, and SBU_80) reduced HC1 when compared to dentin with smear layer (C) (p < 0.001). The erosive challenge has increased HC2 in SBU_60 and C (p < 0.001), and did not promote a significant difference in SBU_80 and SBU. The SEM / EDX analyzes showed an irregular and semi-permeable barrier on the surfaces of the treated dentin. Conclusions: The association of universal adhesive with Nd:YAG can be an effective alternative for the occlusion of dentinal tubules, whereas higher energy per pulse Nd:YAG (SBU_80) can increase the resistance to permeability when exposed to the erosive challenge. Department of Dentistry Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (UNESP) Department of Post-Graduation Ceuma University (UNICEUMA) Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (UNESP)

Objective: This study investigated whether different aging protocols have effects on the bond strength of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems to dentin substrate. Methods: Molars were sectioned exposing the dentin, which was submitted to restorative procedures using two-step total-etch (ASB, Adper SingleBond2), two-step self-etch (CLF, Clearfil SEBond), or one-step self-etch (OPT, Optibond All-in-One) system and resin composite. The obtained blocks were sectioned to result in sticks to be submitted to bond strength and failure mode tests after 24h storage in distilled water (DW), or 180-day aging protocols in DW, artificial saliva (AS), citric acid (CA), or thermal cycling (TC). The types of failures were classified as adhesive, cohesive in dentin, cohesive in composite resin, and mixed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α=5%). The failure modes were descriptive under the relative frequencies form. Results: It was observed that ASB presented the higher bond strength(pp>0.05) after 24h. The bond strength obtained with ASB significantly overcame that of OPT when stored in DW or AS for 180 days (pp>0.05), while in CA or TC the values of CLF were significantly lower (pp>0.05), both of which had higher values than CLF(p Conclusion: For the two-step total-etch and two-step self-etch adhesives, the influence of aging in AS and TC was equivalent to that of storage in DW. The most deleterious effects occurred in CA, a situation in which self-etch adhesives displayed worse performance than the conventional type.

The aim of this double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the 6- and 18-month clinical performances of a new universal adhesive applied in the "no-waiting" (NW) technique to non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two evaluation criteria.One hundred and seventy-six restorations were assigned to four groups according to the adhesive system, adhesive strategy, and application mode: PrimeBond Active (PB) applied using the etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies with 20 s applications and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CQ) applied using the ER and SE strategies with the NW technique. The composite resin restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6 and 18 months using the World Dental Federation (FDI) and US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).No significant differences were observed among any of the groups or criteria after 6 months (p 0.05). After 18 months, 10 restorations were lost (p 0.05) (2 with PB-ER [95.5%; 95%CI: 92-100%], 4 with PB-SE [90.9%; 95%CI: 82-98%], 0 with CQ-ER [100%; 95%CI: 92-100%], and 4 with CQ-SE [90.9%; 82-98%]). The restorations performed with the SE strategy showed more marginal discrepancies than those performed with the ER strategy, mainly when the FDI criteria were used (p 0.05). Those that used the PB-SE showed fewer marginal discrepancies than those that used the CQ-SE (FDI; p 0.05). A few restorations showed marginal discrepancies after the USPHS analysis (p 0.05).The results when using the CQ-SE and -ER strategies with the NW technique were similar to those when using the PB-SE and -ER strategies in standard applications to non-carious cervical lesions after 6 and 18 months of clinical evaluation.After 6 and 18 months, the application of Clearfil Universal Bond Quick with the "no-waiting" technique showed similar clinical performance compared to the standard application of PrimeBond Active applied using the standard application time (20 s).ClinicalTrials.gov identifier RBR-5f9gps.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional stability of four extended-pour irreversible hydrocolloids (EPIHs). Material and Methods: Five samples per material (Cavex ColorChange, Cavex Orthotrace, Jeltrate Plus, and Orthoprint) were prepared following the manufacturers’ instructions. The samples were prepared using a cylindrical matrix coupled with a nylon-polyamide ring. Two parallel, 25-mm equidistant lines were made on its surface following ANSI/American Dental Association (ADA) Specification 18 for plaster reproducibility and compatibility and Specification 19 for linear dimensional change. The samples were stored in an environment with a relative humidity of 70% (± 3) and temperature of 28°C (± 2). Photo images were obtained using a digital camera to record images for 120 hours, with a standardized distance of 80cm between the lens and the specimen. Adobe Photoshop CS3 software was used for the measurement of the recorded images. The measurements refer to the equivalent distance between the two parallel lines printed on the samples. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons between the means of the groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) when EPIHs were compared at the same time of evaluation. Orthoprint, Cavex Orthotrace, and Cavex Colorchange presented with least dimensional stability up to 24 hours (p > 0.05) of storage, followed by Jeltrate Plus (48 hours). Conclusions: Storage of EPIHs for more than 24 hours for Cavex ColorChange and 48 hours for others EPIHs studied produces significant dimensional changes in the impressions stored at a humidity of 70% (± 3) and temperature of 28°C (± 2). Extended storage times produce large dimensional changes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estabilidad dimensional lineal de cuatro hidrocoloides irreversibles de vertido extendido (EPIH). Material y métodos: Se prepararon cinco muestras por material (Cavex ColorChange, Cavex Orthotrace, Jeltrate Plus y Orthoprint) siguiendo las instrucciones de los fabricantes. Las muestras se prepararon utilizando una matriz cilíndrica acoplada con un anillo de nailon-poliamida. Se hicieron dos líneas paralelas equidistantes de 25 mm en su superficie siguiendo la Especificación 18 de ANSI / American Dental Associadtion (ADA) para la reproducibilidad y compatibilidad del yeso y la Especificación 19 para el cambio dimensional lineal. Las muestras se almacenaron en un ambiente con una humedad relativa del 70% (± 3) y una temperatura de 28 ° C (± 2). Las imágenes fotográficas se obtuvieron utilizando una cámara digital para grabar imágenes durante 120 horas, con una distancia estandarizada de 80 cm entre la lente y la muestra. Se utilizó el software Adobe Photoshop CS3 para la medición de las imágenes grabadas. Las medidas se refieren a la distancia equivalente entre las dos líneas paralelas impresas en las muestras. Los datos se analizaron mediante el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey para comparaciones múltiples entre las medias de los grupos. Resultados: No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p> 0.05) cuando se compararon los EPIH en el mismo momento de la evaluación. Orthoprint, Cavex Orthotrace y Cavex Colorchange presentaron la menor estabilidad dimensional hasta 24 horas (p> 0.05) de almacenamiento, seguidos de Jeltrate Plus (48 horas). Conclusiones: El almacenamiento de EPIH por más de 24 horas para Cavex ColorChange y 48 horas para otros EPIH estudiados produce cambios dimensionales significativos en las impresiones almacenadas a una humedad del 70% (± 3) y temperatura de 28 ° C (± 2). Los tiempos de almacenamiento prolongados producen grandes cambios dimensionales. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade dimensional linear de quatro hidrocolóides irreversíveis de vazameto estendido (EPIHs). Material e Métodos: Cinco amostras por material (Cavex ColorChange, Cavex Orthotrace, Jeltrate Plus e Orthoprint) foram preparadas seguindo as instruções dos fabricantes. As amostras foram preparadas em matriz cilíndrica acoplada a um anel de náilon-poliamida. Duas linhas paralelas equidistantes de 25 mm foram feitas em sua superfície seguindo a especificação 18 da ANSI / American Dental Association (ADA) para reprodutibilidade e compatibilidade do gesso e a especificação 19 para mudança dimensional linear. As amostras foram armazenadas em ambiente com umidade relativa de 70% (± 3) e temperatura de 28 ° C (± 2). Imagens fotográficas foram registradas por 120 hrs, obtidas por meio de uma câmera digital, com distancia padronizada de 80cm entre a lente e o corpo de prova. O software Adobe Photoshop CS3 foi utilizado para a mensuração das imagens registradas. As medidas referem-se à distância equivalente entre as duas linhas paralelas impressas nas amostras. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas entre as médias dos grupos. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p> 0,05) quando os EPIHs foram comparados no mesmo momento da avaliação. Orthoprint, Cavex Orthotrace e Cavex Colorchange apresentaram menor estabilidade dimensional até 24 horas (p> 0,05) de armazenamento, seguido de Jeltrate Plus (48 horas). Conclusões: O armazenamento de EPIHs por mais de 24 horas para Cavex ColorChange e 48 horas para outras EPIHs estudadas produz mudanças dimensionais significativas nas impressões armazenadas a uma umidade de 70% (± 3) e temperatura de 28 ° C (± 2). Tempos de armazenamento estendidos produzem grandes mudanças dimensionais.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: This is a Questionnaire validity study conducted at a private university. The Brazilian version of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire was developed by means of the processes of translation, back-translation, committee review, and pretesting. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. For construct validity, the total score of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire was correlated with the Diabetes Knowledge Scale and the Diabetes Mellitus Risk Questionnaire. Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated in the present study. RESULTS: For construct validity and floor and ceiling effect measurements, a total sample of 100 participants was used. For reliability, a subsample of 34 participants out of the total sample was used. We identified adequate values for reliability (kappa between 0.46–1.00 and ICC 0.96) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). There were significant correlations between the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire and the Diabetes Mellitus Risk Questionnaire (rs=0.370, p

To evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and degree of conversion (DC) of universal adhesives on eroded dentin.One hundred thirty-four extracted (134) human third molars were selected for the study. After the dentin surface was exposed, 128 teeth were randomly assigned to 16 experimental groups as follows: dentin surfaces (sound dentin and eroded dentin), application of DMSO (without or with the application of DMSO), and adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self-etch [SE]). The universal adhesive systems iBond Universal (IBU) and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) were applied and the teeth were restored using a resin composite. After 24 h in distilled water at 37°C, the samples were sectioned and evaluated for μTBS. Selected sticks from each tooth were used for evaluating NL and DC. The remaining six teeth were used to measure the thickness of the collagen layer of the artificially eroded dentin using scanning electron microscopy. Data on μTBS, NL, and DC (%) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).Significantly lower μTBS (p = 0.0001) and DC (p = 0.01) were observed for eroded dentin than for sound dentin. However, a significant increase in the μTBS (p = 0.0007) and DC (p = 0.001) was observed for both substrates when DMSO was applied. Moreover, the application of DMSO decreased the concentration of silver nitrate at the bottom of the hybrid layer for both sound and eroded dentin (p = 0.002). Eroded dentin showed enlarged tubules with the presence of a collapsed collagen fibril layer approximately 5.0 ± 2.0 mm of thickness.The bonding performance of both tested universal adhesives improved on both sound and eroded dentin with DMSO pretreatment.

This clinical trial evaluated the effects of red wine exposure on the effectiveness of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide, degree of tooth sensitivity, and levels of periodontal inflammatory markers.Eighty participants were assigned to two groups, namely, those who drank red wine (experimental group), and those who did not drink red wine (control group). The experimental group participants rinsed their mouths with 25 mL of red wine four times a day during the bleaching period. Shade evaluation was assessed visually by using the Vita Classical and Vita Easyshade techniques. Tooth sensitivity was evaluated by the numeric and visual analog scales, and the salivary and gingival crevicular fluids were collected for assessment of nitric oxide (NO) levels, a marker of inflammation. Differences in color change were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The absolute risks of tooth sensitivity were compared by the Fisher exact test. Tooth sensitivity intensity data sets for both the visual analog scale and the numeric rating scale were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (α = .05). Repeated measures and two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test were used to assess time-course and differences between groups in NO production.The bleaching technique was effective regardless of wine consumption (P.05). Tooth sensitivity was classified as mild, with no differences between groups (P.05). Red wine reduced both the gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of NO (P.05).Red wine does not interfere with the effectiveness and sensitivity of at-home teeth bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide and protects against bleaching-induced inflammation.

Objective The purpose of this single-blind (evaluators) and parallel design study was to evaluate whether exposure to a cola-based soft drink during bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) affects color change and bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. Material and methods Forty-four patients with central incisors darker than A2 were selected. Participants who did not drink cola-based soft drinks were assigned to the control group (CG), while participants who drank a cola-based soft drink at least twice a day were assigned to the experimental group (EG). For the CG, foods with staining dyes were restricted. For the EG, there was no restriction on food and patients were asked to rinse their mouths with a cola-based soft drink for 30 s, 4 times daily. For both groups, 2 sessions with three 15 min applications of 35% HP were performed. Shade evaluation was assessed via subjective (VITA classical and VITA bleacheguide shade guides) and objective methods (Easyshade spectrophotometer) at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and post bleaching (1 week and 1 month). Patients recorded their sensitivity perceptions using a numerical rating scale and 0-10 visual analog scales. Variation in shade guide units and the 2 colors (DE) were evaluated with a Student's t-test (α = 0.05) and Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). Absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity were evaluated by a Chi-square test (α=0.05). Results Effective bleaching was observed for both groups after 30 days, without statistical difference (p > 0.08). There was no significant difference in absolute risk of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity between the 2 groups (p = 0.74). Higher and significant scores in pain scales were detected for the EG in comparison to the CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion Even that the cola-based soft drink exposure during in-office bleaching treatments did not affect the bleaching's effectiveness; patients reported a higher intensity in bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity.

A Neuralgia do Trigêmeo é descrita como uma dor excruciante, semelhante a um choque elétrico que acomete um ou mais ramos no nervo trigêmeo. O tratamento da Neuralgia do Trigêmeo (NT) continua sendo um desafio terapêutico. O tratamento farmacológico é de escolha, no entanto muitos pacientes tornam-se intolerantes a medicação, sendo encaminhados a cirurgia. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os dados de um grupo de pacientes diagnosticados com neuralgia do trigêmino (NT) atendidos no hospital universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, focando dados sociodemográficos, sintomatologia e tipo de tratamento. Foram coletados os seguintes dados de idade, sexo, anamnese, sintomas relatados, diagnóstico, comorbidades, tratamento e evolução. Foram incluídos os dados de 62 pacientes obtidos dos prontuários durante o período de acompanhamento. Os resultados mostraram que a incidência em todos as faixas etárias foi prioritariamente no gênero feminino, a sintomatologia mais relatada foi a dor em choque, unilateral. 25 % dos pacientes associaram o início dos sintomas a um evento antecessor como exodontia, tratamento endodôntico ou trauma. A medicação de escolha para o tratamento foi a Carbamazepina em 74 % dos pacientes, 20% dos pacientes não controlaram a dor com o tratamento e foram submetidos a cirurgia. Portanto, mais avanços em estudos científicos acerca dos mecanismos de dor e a descoberta de drogas mais precisas para controle da mesma será o caminho para o tratamento das dores neuropáticas trigeminais.

Background The implementation of restorative procedures that guarantee success and optimize clinical time is the target of investigations in Restorative Dentistry. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sonic insertion of bulk-fill (BF) and conventional (C) resin composites on the microtensile bond-strength (µ-TBS) and cure depth (CD) of large and deep class I restorations. Material and Methods Fifty-six healthy human premolars were selected and occlusal cavities (4 x 4 x 3 mm; factor C = 5) were prepared. TC - Tetric N-Ceram (BF), SF - SonicFill (BF), and Z350 - Filtek Z350 XT (C) composite resins were used to restore the cavities, using sonic (S) and non-sonic (NS) insertion techniques. A group restored with conventional incremental insertion (I) using Z350 XT resin was performed serving as a control. Teeth were prepared for microtensile bond-strength test (µ-TBS). And also, restoration depths of 1 and 4 mm were measured with an automatic microhardness indenter (50 g -15 s) to determine the CD. Results were evaluated using ANOVA, Scheffe, and Games-Howel posthoc test (α = 0.05). Results Types of resins and insertion techniques present statistical differences for µ-TBS and CD (p ≤ 0.001). The µ-TBS was higher respectively for the groups SF > TC > Z350; however, the sonic insertion for SF and Z350 (I) did not present significant differences in µ-TBS. Higher microhardness values were observed on the surface (1mm). At a depth of 4 mm Z350 (I)> SF(S)> SF(NS)> TC(S/NS)> Z350(S/NS) (p< 0.001). Pearson’s Correlation of bond strength and base micro-hardness was significant (p ≤ 0.001), strong, and positive (0.955). Conclusions The influence of sonic insertion is material dependent, influenced only the microhardness of the SonicFill resin and did not interfere with the bond strength and cure depth of other bulk fill and conventional resin composite. Key words:Composite resins, dentin, hardness tests, tensile strength, Bulk-fill resins, sonic insertion.

The failure of endodontic treatment is linked to the presence of Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals. The scope of this study was to evaluate the influence of the energy dose and frequency of photodynamic therapy (PDT cycles), as well as the volume of bacterial suspensions (BS) in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic form.In four successive assays BS of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 were irradiated with a diode laser (40 mW) using the photosensitizer (PS) methylene blue (MB) (0.005 μg/mL). Group 1 - Effect of energy dose: 100 μ L of BS and 100 μ L of PS were irradiated by 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 minute s. Group 2 - Effect of PDT cycles: The BS received 1, 2, 3 or 4 PDT cycles (in each cycle 100 m L of PS was added and irradiated by 2.5 minutes). Group 3 - Effect of energy dose and bacterial suspension volume: 10 μ L of BS and 10 μ L of PS were irradiated similar to group 1. Group 4 - Effect of energy dose, bacterial suspension volume and PDT cycles: 10 μ L of BS and 10 μL of PS were irradiated according to group 2. The laser source and MB isolated represented the controls.The mean log reduction after separate applying laser light and MB were 0.01 and 0.07, respectively. It was found that wells with 100 μ L of BS irradiated with 2.4 to 24 J of energy did not cause significant bacterial elimination (p 0.05), on the other hand PDT cycles above 12 J increased significantly bacterial elimination (p 0.05). In 10 μ L wells irradiation from 12 J of energy provided higher bacterial elimination (p 0.05) which combined with PDT cycle resulted in the logarithmic elimination of E. faecalis (p 0.05).The energy dose, the volume of the bacterial suspension and, especially, the PDT cycles optimized the bacterial elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic form.

Objective This randomized double-blind clinical trial compared tooth sensitivity (TS), bleaching efficacy, and cytokine levels after applying in-office bleaching treatments containing 15% and 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP15% and HP35%, respectively). Methods Twenty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to receive HP15% or HP35% treatment. The bleaching agent was applied in three 15-min applications per session. Two bleaching sessions were separated by a 1-week interval. The participants scored TS using a visual analog scale and numerical rating scale. Bleaching efficacy was determined by subjective and objective methods. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from three jaws sites per patient for the analysis of fluid volume. Flow cytometry was used to analyze gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma. All measurements were obtained before and after bleaching. All data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Results The absolute risk and intensity of TS was higher for HP35% than for HP15% (p > 0.002). One month post-bleaching, HP35% produced more bleaching than HP15% (p = 0.02). However patient perception (p = 0.06) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.53) with regard to bleaching were not significantly different. No significant differences existed in the gingival fluid volume (p > 0.38) or in any cytokine level (p > 0.05) for either HP concentration. Conclusion Treatment: with HP35% is more effective than HP15%, but generates a greater risk and intensity of TS. No inflammatory changes occurred despite the difference in the HP concentrations. Clinical significance Hydrogen peroxide at a lower concentration (e.g., 15%) should be considered a good treatment alternative for in-office bleaching because the higher concentration for in-office bleaching generates a greater risk and intensity of TS for patients.

AIM This study aimed to evaluate the influence of labial and dentogingival characteristics on facial and smile attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different close-up photographs each of six women models with different labial and dentogin-gival characteristics were obtained. One of the models was considered standard. Photographs were arranged in an album were evaluated by 100 laypersons, and 30 dentists who ranked each close-up of the models from according to the degree of attractiveness from first to sixth place, with first being the model considered most attractive and justified the reasons for choosing. RESULTS The standard model received the best scores for both lips (7.75) and face (5.18). Medium-sized lips were preferred (p < 0.05), and the smile positively or negatively interfered with esthetic perception depending on the dentogingival alteration present. Diastema was the alteration that had the greatest negative influence. CONCLUSION Not all dentogingival alterations interfere with esthetic evaluation. The lips are not decisive in facial attractiveness. Attraction is assessed significantly differently by laypeople than by dentists. The smile directly influences the analysis of facial beauty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dentogingival alterations may be imperceptible, especially when evaluating the facial joint, so its correction will not always be necessary.

Aim This study aims to evaluate the effect of erbium: Yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on the enamel microshear bond strength (µSBS), followed by the utilization of etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems. Materials and methods A total of 32 molars were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction producing 64 samples that were randomized into two groups (n = 32): single bond 2 (SB2) (etch-and-rinse system; 3M), SB universal (SBU) (universal etching system; The SB2 and SBU groups were then divided into two subgroups (n = 16): (i) enamel was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (λ = 2.94 μm, 60 mJ, 10 Hz), and (ii) enamel served as a control. The samples were restored with TPH3 (Dentsply), stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours, and subjected to a microshear test. Results Kruskal–Wallis (p Conclusion The previous irradiation of enamel with Er:YAG laser does not interfere with the performance of simplified two-step etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems. Clinical significance The increasing use of Er:YAG laser is important to evaluate the influence of this irradiation on the adhesion of restorative materials. Thus, to obtain the longevity of the restorative procedures, it is necessary to know the result of the association of the present adhesive systems to the irradiated substrate. How to cite this article De Jesus Tavarez RR, Rodrigues LLC, Diniz AC, Lage LM, Torres CRG, Bandeca MC, Firoozmand LM. Does Erbium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser to Enamel improve the Performance of Etch-and-rinse and Universal Adhesives? J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):278-282.

Este estudo investigou a ação do extrato hidroalcoóde Arrabidaea chica (AchE) contra C. albicans, bem como seu efeito na citotoxicidade em fibroblastos e queratinócitos e alterações nas propriedades físico/mecânicas de resina de PMMA. A susceptibilidade da C. albicans ao AchE foi avaliada por meio da CIM e CFM. Para os testes de suscetibilidade, biofilmes de C. albicans foram desenvolvidos em disco de resina acrílica de PMMA por 48 horas e imersos em 5 grupos, tampão fosfato-salino, hipoclorito de sódio 1% ou em AchE na CIM, 5xCIM ou 10xCIM. A citotoxicidade do AchE (10, 50 e 100 µg/m) em fibroblastos e queratinócitos foi avaliada pelo método MTT sendo a água destilada e NaOCl l% utilizados como controles. Para avaliação das propriedades físico/mecânicas (rugosidade superficial, alteração de cor e resistência flexural), discos foram imersos nos 5 grupos já descritos. Os discos foram incubados e os testes foram realizados após 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de imersão. O AcHE foi considerado um forte inibidor e com potencial bactericida. A 10 µg/mL não apresentou citotoxicidade, comparando-se ao grupo controle. Demais grupos experimentais foram citotóxicos, porém, com valores menores quando comparados ao NaOCl 1%. Não houve diferenças significativas nas propriedades físico/mecânicas independente do grupo ou tempo avaliados. O AchE, quando utilizado em altas concentrações, foi citotóxico em células fibroblastos e queratinócitos e, independente das concentrações utilizadas, não interferiu nas propriedades físico/mecânicas das resinas PMMA.

Background The failure of endodontic treatment is linked to the presence of microorganisms, particularly Enterococcus faecalis , in the root canals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine irradiated by a high-power curing light on a planktonic suspension culture of E. faecalis . Methods Bacterial suspensions of E. faecalis were adjusted and then mixed in a 1:1 proportion, in triplicate, in treatment groups by varying the length of irradiation time (120 and 240 s) and the molarity of the erythrosine (5 and 10 μM). In order to verify the post-treatment bactericidal effect, a count of the viable bacteria was performed (CFU mL −1 ) and transformed into Log10 CFU. The one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was applied to check for differences between the groups. Results The bacteria were completely eradicated in the groups that used PDT with 5 μM 240 s, 10 μM 120 s and 10 μM 240 s (p ≪ 0.001). The effect of the PDT 5 μM 120 s group was significant (p ≪ 0.05) in comparison with the groups using only light or only erythrosine. Positive control (exposure to 2.5% NaClO for 120 and 240 s) completely eradicated E. faecalis . The negative control (PBS) did not alter the quantities of E . faecalis CFU with 9.605 Log10 CFU at 120 s and 9.621 Log10 CFU at 240 s. Conclusion PDT with erythrosine in a concentration of 10 μM and high-power LED is capable of totally eliminating E. faecalis in planktonic suspension.

Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez,1 Lauber Jose dos Santos Almeida Júnior,2 Tayanne Christine Gomes Guará,1 Izabella Santos Ribeiro,1 Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho,1 Leily Macedo Firoozmand2 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ceuma University (CEUMA), 2Department of Dentistry I, University Federal of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface treatment and different types of composite resin on the microshear bond strength of repairs. Materials and methods: Seventy-two specimens (n=72) were prepared using a nanoparticle resin and stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C for 24 h. After this period, the specimens (n=24) were restored with microhybrid resin P60 (3M ESPE), nanoparticle resin Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE), and Bulk Fill Surefil SDR Flow (Dentsply) composite resins. Previously, the surfaces of the samples were treated, forming the following subgroups (n=12): (A) conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s, and (B) abrasioned with a diamond tip for 3 s and conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid. In all groups, before insertion of the composite resin, the adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 was actively applied and photopolymerized for 20 s. Results: The microshear test was executed to assess bond strength. Kruskal–Wallis (p

A pandemia por COVID-19 causou mudanças bruscas no cotidiano da população mundial, gerando necessidades adaptativas que nem sempre assimiladas de forma saudável por todos. Por esse motivo, os relatos de distúrbios, emocionais e físicos, são frequentes e com intensidades diferentes nos mais variados grupos. Entre as manifestações mais comuns estão as alterações no sono e o nível de estresse. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o perfil de estresse e qualidade do sono de estudantes de odontologia após um mês de isolamento social e a influência dessas variáveis na rotina do estudo. Material e métodos: foi delineado um estudo observacional transversal aplicado usando o formulário Google. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e instrumentos de avaliação do Índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh, escala de sonolência de Epworth e escala de estresse percebido de Cohen. Resultados: Cerca de 62,5% dos 136 alunos avaliados apresentaram sono de má qualidade. Seus níveis de estresse eram elevados, com mediana de 32. A rotina de estudos estava comprometida em 62,5% dos alunos. Conclusão: O estresse induziu a baixa qualidade do sono e interferiu diretamente na rotina do estudo dos participantes, estabelecendo assim uma relação de causa e efeito.

Introduction The adhesive systems and the techniques currently used are designed to provide a more effective adhesion with reduction of the protocol application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of universal adhesive systems on enamel in different etching modes (self-etch and total etch). Materials and methods The mesial and distal halves of 52 bovine incisors, healthy, freshly extracted, were used and divided into seven experimental groups (n = 13). The enamel was treated in accordance with the following experimental conditions: FUE-Universal System – Futurabond U (VOCO) with etching; FUWE – Futurabond U (VOCO) without etching; SB-Total Etch System – Single Bond 2 (3M); SBUE-Universal System – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) with etching; SBUWE – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) without etching; CLE-Self-etch System – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) was applied with etching; CLWE – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) without etching. The specimens were made using the composite spectrum TPH (Dentsply) and stored in distilled water (37 ± 1°C) for 1 month. The microshear test was performed using the universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000 with the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The bond strength values were analyzed using statistical tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test) with Bonferroni correction. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), where FUE (36.83 ± 4.9 MPa) showed the highest bond strength values and SBUWE (18.40 ± 2.2 MPa) showed the lowest bond strength values. The analysis of adhesive interface revealed that most failures occurred between the interface composite resin and adhesive. Conclusion The universal adhesive system used in dental enamel varies according to the trademark, and the previous enamel etching for universal systems and the self-etch both induced greater bond strength values. Clinical significance Selective enamel etching prior to the application of a universal adhesive system is a relevant strategy for better performance bonding. How to cite this article Diniz ACS, Bandeca MC, Pinheiro LM, dos Santos Almeida LJr, Torres CRG, Borges AH, Pinto SCS, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Firoozmand LM. Influence of Different Etching Modes on Bond Strength to Enamel using Universal Adhesive Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):820-825.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tooth loss and the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and methods One hundred fifty patients with an average age of 49.2 (±14.06) years were divided into three groups (n = 50/group) according to the degree of tooth loss: GI (dentate – control), GII (edentulous), GIII (partially dentate). After performing anamnesis and clinical examination, a questionnaire was used, so that the patients could fill in information on signs and symptoms of TMD. After analyzing this information, it was possible to classify the degree of severity of TMD. As age is a confounding variable to the level of TMD, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to check for differences in the degree of TMD between groups (covariate = age). A post hoc test (Bonferroni) was performed to compare the groups two by two (5% significance level). Results The mean level of TMD according to the groups was GI – 1.95; GII – 2.15; GIII – 2.55. There were significant differences between the study groups (p > 0.05). A post hoc test (Bonferroni) confirmed the difference between edentulous patients and the other groups. Conclusion The tooth loss is directly related to the signs and symptoms of TMD. The degree of TMD was significantly higher in edentulous patients. How to cite this article Malheiros AS, Carvalhal ST, Pereira TL, Filho EMM, Tonetto MR, Gonçalves LM, Bandeca MC, De Jesus Tavarez RR. Association between Tooth Loss and Degree of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):235-239.

Introduction: The study aimed to correlate the Periapical Index (PAI), obtained by way of periapical radiographs, with the volume of chronic periapical lesion, obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in the permanent teeth. Methods and Materials: Radiographs and CBCT images were selected from 35 single-rooted permanent teeth, with fully formed apices, with a diagnosis of pulp necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis that was radiographically visible. Two independent raters evaluated the radiographs on two separate occasions and classified the periapical lesions in accordance with Ørstavik’s PAI. The periapical lesion volume was calculated in the CBCT images. The correlation between the PAI and the lesion volume was calculated using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: There was a positive, moderate correlation between the PAI and the volume (rs=0.596; P

AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of dental prophylaxis techniques on surface roughness of composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 nanohybrid resin composite test specimens were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 12). They were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and submitted to the finishing and polishing technique. For the prophylactic techniques, in group G1, a mixture of pumice stone and distilled water was used with the aid of a rubber cup; in group G2, Herjos-F prophy paste was used with a rubber cup; and in group G3, a bicarbonate jet spray was used. Afterward, all the samples were repolished using the Soflex pop-on disks. A roughness meter was used to measure surface roughness at three points in time: Before the prophylactic techniques (1st evaluation), afterward (2nd evaluation), and following repeat polishing (3rd evaluation). RESULTS It was found that roughness values changed significantly between the 1st and 2nd evaluations (p < 0.05) and between the 2nd and 3rd evaluations (p < 0.05), showing that the change in roughness depended on the type of prophylactic treatment. Roughness was significantly higher after the bicarbonate jet (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prophylaxis using the sodium bicarbonate jet significantly altered the roughness of nanoparticle-reinforced resin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental prophylaxis is the most common practice employed to remove bacterial plaque and other coatings. However, one side effect of the cleaning may be a rougher surface subject to degradation and staining. The correct use of prophylactic devices and avoiding prolonged use on resin restorations reduce surface roughness.

Objective This study evaluated in vitro the mechanical changes of 0.018” (0.45 mm) and 0.016 × 0.022” (0.40 × 0.55 mm) thermoactivated nickel-titanium archwires subjected to heat treatment on their distal ends. Materials and methods Ten archwires in diameters 0.018” and 0.016 × 0.022” by different manufacturers Ormco, Morelli, Orthometric and Unitek were tested. Each tested archwire had an experimental side, submitted to heat treatment, and an annealing-free control. Tests for load/deflection were performed using a universal testing machine, with temperature control in the austenitic transformation phase through temperaturecontrolled chamber. The variables showed normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), the t-student test was applied in order to observe the difference between the experimental and control groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion Heat treatment carried out in the region corresponding to the first molar distal region on thermoactivated nickel-titanium archwires did not influence the load/deflection values in adjacent portion. How to cite this article Bramante FS, da Fonseca Junior FM, Pinzan-Vercelino CRM, de Araújo Gurgel J, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Filho EMM, Tonetto MR, Borges AH, Bandéca MC. Deflection Evaluation of Thermoactivated Nickel-Titanium Archwires after Heat Treatment on their Distal Ends. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):91-95.

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the bond strength of composite resins on enamel previously treated with whitening strips. Materials and methods A total of 48 bovine incisors were allocated to four experimental groups (n = 12 each): G1 (WSC)— treated with 9.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D White Whitestrips® Advanced Vivid/CREST); G2 (WSO)—treated with 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (3D WhiteTM/Oral B); G3 (WG)—treated with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide gel with fluorine, calcium and potassium nitrate (White Class®/FGM); and G4 (C)—control not subjected to bleaching treatment. The specimens were subjected to bleaching over 2 weeks following the manufacturers’ instructions. Following the elaboration of the composite resin test specimens, the samples were stored in artificial saliva and subsequently subjected to the microshear test using the universal testing machine (EMIC®). The bond strength values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical test (5%). Results Significant differences were observed among the investigated groups (p < 0.05). The G3-WG exhibited greater values compared with the control group and the groups treated with strips, G1-WSC and G2-WSO. Analysis of the bond interface revealed that a large fraction of the failures occurred at the enamel-resin interface. Conclusion The bond strength decreased following 14 days of treatment with bleaching strips, whereas the whitening gel with 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, calcium and fluorine increased the bond strength. How to cite this article Firoozmand LM, dos Reis WLM, Vieira MA, Nunes AG, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Tonetto MR, Bramante FS, Bhandi SH, de Oliveira Roma RV, Bandeca MC. Can Whitening Strips interfere with the Bond Strength of Composite Resins? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):259-263.

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate, by means of the push-out test, the effect of the anatomical customization of the fiber post on the bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement. Methods. Twelve endodontically treated, human, upper central incisors were randomly divided into two groups (n=6): control (glass fiber posts cemented with Relyx® U200) and customized (glass fiber posts anatomically customized with translucent composite resin cemented with Relyx U200). The roots were sectioned into three slices, cervical, middle, and apical, and photographed with a digital camera attached to a stereomicroscopic loupe. The images were analyzed by software, for evaluation of the cement line. The slices were subsequently submitted to the push-out test until the post had completely extruded, and the fracture mode was analyzed with a stereomicroscopic loupe. Results. The results showed significant differences between the groups in the different root thirds in relation to the area occupied by air bubbles (p<0.05). Bond strength, when all the thirds are considered, was 8.77 ± 4.89 MPa for the control group and 16.96 ± 4.85 MPa for the customized group. Conclusion. The customized group showed greater bond resistance than the control group and a more uniform cement layer.

Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez,1 Gisele Lima Bezerra,2 Karla Janilee de Souza Penha,3 Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres,4 Leily Macedo Firoozmand5 1Department of Dentistry, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), 2Dentistry Program, Ceuma University (UNICEUMA), 3Dentistry Program, Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, São Luís, MA, 4Restorative Dentistry Department, ICT UNESP University, São Paulo, 5Dentistry Department I, Federal University of Maranhão,UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro bond strength of metal brackets bonded with: total etch, total etch with erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG) and self-etching adhesive systems, submitted to thermal-mechanical cycling, simulating 1 year of orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods: For the study, 80 bovine incisors were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n=16 each): XT- acid etching + Transbond XT, XT/Er:YAG- Transbond XT associated with Er:YAG laser irradiation (λ=2.94 μm, 60 mJ, 10 Hz) and SEP- Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer. Samples were submitted to thermal-mechanical cycling, simulating 1 year of orthodontic treatment. Afterward, the shear bond strength test was performed in a universal test machine at a speed of 0.5mm/min. Samples were evaluated under a stereomicroscope and by scanning electron microscopy for analysis of enamel surface and adhesive remnant index. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney (with Bonferroni correction) statistical tests.Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups studied (p

Objective. The aim was to evaluate the influence of multiple factors on the periapical status of endodontically treated (ET) teeth. Methods. The patients were clinically and radiographically reevaluated after root canal therapy. The quality of the root-filled canals, coronal restorations, intraradicular posts, dental caries, and periodontal parameters were associated with the teeth’s periapical status. Results. The 122 patients provided 154 ET teeth; 97.4% teeth were asymptomatic, and 75.5% had a normal periapical status. The percentage of perfect, satisfactory, and deficient root-filled canals was of the order of 41.6%, 46.1%, and 12.3%, respectively. The percentage of adequate and inadequate coronal restorations was 31.2% and 68.8%, respectively. A total of 14.9% teeth had intraradicular posts, and 29.2% had cavitated carious lesions in the dentin. Gingival bleeding was observed in 31.8% of teeth, and dental biofilm was visible in 58.4%. A total of 11.7% showed pathologic tooth mobility, and 22.1% teeth were diagnosed with periodontal disease. Conclusions. Carious lesions, gingival bleeding, and tooth mobility were significantly associated with the occurrence of periapical lesions in root-filled canals.