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Factors affecting the establishment of the gut microbiota in animals living in marine environments remain largely unknown. In terrestrial animals, however, it is well established that the juvenile environment has a major impact on the gut microbiota later in life. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is an anadromous fish important in aquaculture with a juvenile freshwater stage and an adult seawater stage. For wild salmon, there are major dietary changes with respect to availability of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC-n-3 PUFA) with lower abundance in freshwater systems. The aim of our work was therefore to determine the effect of a juvenile freshwater diet with high LC-n-3 PUFA, as compared to a diet low in LC-n-3 PUFA (designed to increase the endogenous LC-n-3 PUFA production), on the transition to a seawater gut microbiota for Atlantic salmon. We found a juvenile freshwater microbiota high in Firmicutes for fish raised with low LC-n-3 PUFA, while the microbiota for fish given high LC-n-3 PUFA feed was high in Proteobacteria. One hundred days after transfer to a common sea cage, fish that were given low LC-n-3 PUFA diets in freshwater showed significantly higher (p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis) Mycoplasma content (90 ± 7%; mean ± SD) compared to fish raised on a high LC-n-3 PUFA diet in freshwater (25 ± 31% Mycoplasma). Shotgun metagenome sequencing from fish raised with a low LC-n-3 PUFA diet identified a salmon-associated Mycoplasma in sea, being distinct from currently known Mycoplasma. The genome sequence information indicated a mutualistic lifestyle of this bacterium. Mycoplasma has also previously been identified as dominant (>70%) in sea-living adult Atlantic salmon. Taken together, our results suggest that the juvenile freshwater diet influences the establishment of the gut microbiota in marine Atlantic salmon.

This paper speaks to deans, department chairs, and members of tenure and promotion committees--that is, the gatekeepers of scholarly contributions in universities. It offers an extension of the article by Aguinis, Cummings, Ramani, and Cummings (2020a) on the "A is an A" approach to evaluating research contributions by proposing to consider the role of scholarly books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate administration of safe, easy-to-obtain, and constantly available sedatives and analgesia, is needed for pain reduction throughout curettage procedures. The goal of this study was to examine differences in propofol requirements and emergence time between propofol-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl combinations in patients undergoing curettage. A single-blind randomized controlled trial study was performed on 60 patients who underwent curettage procedures. The patients were divided into two groups: propofol-ketamine (PK) and propofol-fentanyl (PF). Blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation and BIS data were analysed using a t-test and Mann-Whitney test. This study showed that propofol requirements differ significantly (p

Preoperative fasting is to reduce the volume and acidity of gastric and further reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Preoperative fasting period often longer than the recommended time for various reasons in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between preanesthetic fasting duration and blood sugar level induction in pediatric patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients during period of January–Februari 2015 at the Central Surgical Installation of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The minimum, maximum, and mean (SD) fasting from food duration were 4, 15, and 8.7500 (3.48597) hours. The minimum, maximum, and mean (SD) fasting from drinks durations were 2, 15 and 12.56 (3.26) hours. The incidence of hypoglycemia was not found in this study. Based on the result of Spearman correlation test showed a statistically significant relationship between preanesthetic fasting duration and with blood glucose level during induction (p

Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) is conducted to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of EGDT in patients with severe sepsis in the emergency room (ER) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung who were going to undergo surgery and the factors that contributed to the success of EGDT. This study was a descriptive observational study that took place in June–August 2014. Subjects were ER patients, aged over 14 years old, who came with severe sepsis condition and were going to undergo surgery. The successful EGDT in this study was determined according to the surviving sepsis campaign (SSC) guideline such as a central venous pressure of 8–12 mmHg, mean arterial pressure of >65 mmHg, and central venous saturation of >70%. In this study, from 30 patients, 27 patients successfully underwent EGDT and the remaining 3 patients did not survive. Factors that affect the implementation of EGDT were divided into two factors: medical and non-medical factors. Medical factors were time needed to diagnose patient with severe sepsis, delay in laboratory findings, and abnormality of coagulation factors. The non-medical factors were family consent, procedures related to health insurance, and the availability of central venous catheter. In conclusions, EGDT is successfully achieved in 90% patients with severe sepsis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Factors that contribute to the successful achievement of EGDT include medical and non-medical factors.

Anesthesia and surgery is one of the causes of the incidence of hypothermia . This situation is not favorable for geriatric patients with impaired cardiopulmonary function. This was a prospective observational study with a descriptive case-control design on 129 geriatric patients post general and regional anaesthesia in the recovery room of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during the period of October 2011 to March 2012. The incidence of hypothermia in geriatric patients post anaesthesia in recovery room was 113 people (87.6%). There was a significant relationship between the incidence of hypothermia and the duration of care in the recovery room in geriatric patients who have undergone elective surgery at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung (p≤0.05) . Average the length of stay in recovery room was 110 minutes in patients experiencing hypothermia while it was 70 minutes in those whom did not experience hypothermia. In conclusions, the incidence of postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients was 87.6% and patients whom experienced hypothermia have a longer care in the recovery room.

Summary: Background: Loss‐of‐function mutations in the skin barrier gene filaggrin (FLG) increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD), but their role in skin barrier function, dry skin and eczema in infancy is unclear. Objectives: To determine the role of FLG mutations in impaired skin barrier function, dry skin, eczema and AD at 3 months of age and throughout infancy. Methods: FLG mutations were analysed in 1836 infants in the Scandinavian population‐based PreventADALL study. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dry skin, eczema and AD were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Results: FLG mutations were observed in 166 (9%) infants. At 3 months, carrying FLG mutations was not associated with impaired skin barrier function (TEWL > 11·3 g m−2 h−1) or dry skin, but was associated with eczema [odds ratio (OR) 2·89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·95–4·28; P < 0·001]. At 6 months, mutation carriers had significantly higher TEWL than nonmutation carriers [mean 9·68 (95% CI 8·69–10·68) vs. 8·24 (95% CI 7·97–8·15), P < 0·01], and at 3 and 6 months mutation carriers had an increased risk of dry skin on the trunk (OR 1·87, 95% CI 1·25–2·80; P = 0·002 and OR 2·44, 95% CI 1·51–3·95; P < 0·001) or extensor limb surfaces (OR 1·52, 95% CI 1·04–2·22; P = 0·028 and OR 1·74, 95% CI 1·17–2·57; P = 0·005). FLG mutations were associated with eczema and AD in infancy. Conclusions: FLG mutations were not associated with impaired skin barrier function or dry skin in general at 3 months of age, but increased the risk for eczema, and for dry skin on the trunk and extensor limb surfaces at 3 and 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research presented concerns organizational change and strategic fit, focusing on the relationship between a firm's strategy, resources, and environmental influences. A model to forecast strategic changes and performance implications is proposed, using data from 4000 savings and loan institutions in the US.