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A Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) has two parts, a simple breathing tube and a mask. The mask at the laryngeal end of the tube aligns against the glottis and provides better channel of ventilation than the face mask. There have been modifications in the basic design of the LMA to incorporate gastric drainage channel and some devices are also equipped with a channel for intubation to secure airway by guiding endotracheal tube (ETT) through it. In this study we evaluated the performance of two LMA devices that can aid in rescue ventilation and are also equipped with a channel for intubation namely the BlockBuster LMA(2012) and the Fastrach/ Intubating LMA(1997) for blind oro-tracheal intubation in terms of First attempt success rate and Over-all success rate of intubation. A hundred consenting patients of age group 18-60 years and ASA status I or II, were randomly allocated into two groups Group BB (BlockBuster LMA) and Group FT (Fastrach LMA) with 50 patients each. Standard anesthesia technique was used for both groups. After insertion of airway device, cuff was inflated and ventilation was attempted (maximum 2 attempts). Once ventilation was achieved, ETT of appropriate size was inserted through LMA (maximum 2 attempts). The correct placement of ETT was confirmed by capnography. Data was collected for number of attempts of tracheal intubation, time taken for intubation and complications. First attempt success rate of intubation was more in Blockbuster LMA than Fastrach LMA. Over-all success rate of Intubation was 100% for both devices. Time taken for intubation and incidence of post-operative sore throat was less in BlockBuster LMA than Fastrach LMA(p-value Blockbuster LMA is better conduit for oro-tracheal intubation than Fastrach LMA in terms of higher first attempt success rate, lesser time taken for intubation and lesser post-operative complications.

Study Design: This is a descriptive study where we present our experience in managing complicated facial wounds over a period of 1 year at a level 1 trauma centre by a dedicated facial trauma team consisting of a plastic surgeon, a trauma surgeon and a Maxillofacial surgeon. Objective: Facial deformities have profound impact on the social and psychological aspect of a person’s life. Hence, management of facial wounds is very crucial. Most of the facial injuries are usually managed by emergency care physician and emergency surgeon. But certain wounds require specialised knowledge and care due to their complicated nature. The objective of this paper is to highlight those special types of wounds and the challenges they pose. It also aims to enumerate the best possible management according to each situation in a protocol-based manner, which will help in decision making by the attending emergency physician/surgeon. Methods: Facial lacerations were designated as “complicated” according to some pre-defined features and pre, intra and post operative data and photographs were collected by interviewing the concerned surgical team. The data were analysed and presented as different clinical scenarios. Results: The cases were broadly grouped under 6 scenarios according to the unique combination of difficulties faced and their specific management. The challenges faced were enumerated and the steps undertaken were also mentioned against them. Lastly, the scenarios were compared with available literature to find out the best possible management in each situation and to present them in a protocol-based manner. Conclusion: Protocol-based management of injuries to the different parts and specialised structures of the face is extremely helpful. Role of a specialised facial trauma team also should be emphasised in complicated facial injuries.

In this study, different in-situ phase development techniques in the aluminium matrix are analyzed based on results obtained by using these methods. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of aluminium-matrix composites reinforced by in situ titanium diboride (TiB2) have been analyzed in this paper. During the study, it is found that using in-situ methods for phase development in aluminium-based composites is more appropriate than other ex-situ methods. The interfaces between titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforcement and aluminium (Al)matrix are clean, and enhanced mechanical characteristics can be achieved.

Background and Aims: An acute hepatitis, caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a significant global health concern, especially in developing countries. HEV has 1 serotype and 8 genotypes, which are further divided into subtypes. Despite the availability of sporadic cases and outbreak data from India, specific information regarding HEV epidemiological data is lacking from central India. This study was conducted to understand epidemiological and molecular features of HEV in central India. Methods: In this 3-year study conducted from July 2012 to June 2015, IgM ELISA was used for the diagnosis of suspected HEV cases. For identifying the genotype, nRT PCR was conducted and the PCR products were sequenced and analysed. Clinical and demographic data were analysed using statistical tools to highlight the trends. Result: Out of 1,369 suspected cases, 341 (24.9%) were positive for HEV. The positivity was significantly higher in males (69.2%) and in the age group of > 15–45 years (72.5%). The HEV cases peaked during the summer. Subtypes 1a and 1f of genotype 1 were detected in the area during the study period. Conclusion: HEV is a major aetiological agent of viral hepatitis in central India with adults and males at higher risk of infection. Two subtypes of the virus were detected in the region. Continuous serological surveillance and molecular monitoring will help to understand the epidemiology of HEV infection, outbreak mitigation and aid in providing treatment.

This real life case explains the term Intrapreneurship with its own story. This case provides an opportunity to examine role of leadership and Entrepreneurship in the context of Haitian International and will also help in understanding the role of clear organizational policies, channels of communication in taking a decision. This case has also discussed some assumptions and dilemmas faced by the protagonist, before taking a decision. This case study reveals the dilemmas of an employee of Haitian International, who was offered a better opportunity then regular working, but was really skeptical to adapt with it easily. What assumptions he had and how he dealt with them all to finally take a decision. The case was designed after a detailed interview and several meetings with protagonist and his reporting manager. As the company and the leaders are based in China the culture of entrepreneurship mindset in India as well as China was analyzed before the writing took place. This case outlines all situations from protagonist’s point of view, what was unknown and what was known to him. This case gives insights on what all pressures he faced, what assumptions are being made and the end points that helped him to take a decision. This case can be a good resource for discussions among management students and corporate Managers and it can be implemented in their organizational policies before they are offered to employees. Employees who are being offered to be intrapreneurs can use it as a guide, if they are stuck somewhere, before they make a decision

Aims and Objectives: Biomedical waste management has become a concern with increasing number of dental practitioners in India. Being health care professionals, dentists should be aware regarding safe disposal of biomedical waste and recycling of dental materials to minimize biohazards to the environment. The aim of the present study was to assess awareness regarding biomedical waste management as well as knowledge of effective recycling and reuse of dental materials among dental students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students belonging from all dental colleges of Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India) from February 2016 to April 2016. A total of 500 students (208 males and 292 females) participated in the study, which was conducted in two phases. A questionnaire was distributed to assess the awareness of biomedical waste management and knowledge of effective recycling of dental materials, and collected data was examined on a 5-point unipolar scale in percentages to assess the relative awareness regarding these two different categorizes. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyzed collected data. Results: Forty-four percent of the dental students were not at all aware about the management of biomedical waste, 22% were moderately aware, 21% slightly aware, 7% very aware, and 5% fell in extremely aware category. Similarly, a higher percentage of participants (61%) were completely unaware regarding recycling and reusing of biomedical waste. Conclusion: There is lack of sufficient knowledge among dental students regarding management of biomedical waste and recycling or reusing of dental materials. Considering its impact on the environment, biomedical waste management requires immediate academic assessment to increase the awareness during training courses.

This study is an attempt to evaluate the use of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) to promote wound healing and osseous regeneration in human third molar extraction sockets. PRP was prepared after two centrifugation and the gelling agent used was freshly prepared 10% calcium chloride.PRP gel was placed in one of the extracted sockets of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. IOPA Xrays were used to evaluate the wound dehiscence, probing depth, bone density & alveolar bone level after 1st, 2nd and 7th day and 3rd & 6th month respectively. On evaluation, it was found that PRP grafted sockets showed dehiscence in 8% cases. The decrease in alveolar bone level was highly significant in PRP grafted sockets in 3rd and 6th month post operatively. There was significant difference between pre-operative density of adjacent bone and bone formed in extraction sockets at 3rd and 6th month in PRP grafted sockets. There was significant reduction in probing depth from initial period to 3 and 6 months in both the groups, but PRP grafted sockets showed greater decrease in probing depth. PRP is an inexpensive and widely available modality to minimize postoperative complication and enhance both hard and soft tissue healing potentials. This autologous product eliminates concern about immunogenic reaction and disease transmission. Its beneficial outcomes in dental clinic, including decrease in bleeding and rapid wound healing hold promise for further procedures.PRP is thus a new application in tissue engineering and developing area for clinician and researchers.