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155 results on '"Rubin, R.H."'

6. Imaging findings in acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical significance of the halo sign.

Author

Greene, R.E., Schlamm, H.T., Oestmann, J.W., Stark, P., Durand, C., Lortholary, O., Wingard, J.R., Herbrecht, R., Ribaud, P., Patterson, T.F., Troke, P.F., Denning, D.W., Bennett, J.E., Pauw, B.E. de, Rubin, R.H., Greene, R.E., Schlamm, H.T., Oestmann, J.W., Stark, P., Durand, C., Lortholary, O., Wingard, J.R., Herbrecht, R., Ribaud, P., Patterson, T.F., Troke, P.F., Denning, D.W., Bennett, J.E., Pauw, B.E. de, and Rubin, R.H.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) of the chest may be used to identify the halo sign, a macronodule surrounded by a perimeter of ground-glass opacity, which is an early sign of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). This study analyzed chest CT findings at presentation from a large series of patients with IPA, to assess the prevalence of these imaging findings and to evaluate the clinical utility of the halo sign for early identification of this potentially life-threatening infection. METHODS: Baseline chest CT imaging findings from 235 patients with IPA who participated in a previously published study were systematically analyzed. To evaluate the clinical utility of the halo sign for the early identification and treatment of IPA, we compared response to treatment and survival after 12 weeks of treatment in 143 patients who presented with a halo sign and in 79 patients with other imaging findings. RESULTS: At presentation, most patients (94%) had > or =1 macronodules, and many (61%) also had halo signs. Other imaging findings at presentation, including consolidations (30%), infarct-shaped nodules (27%), cavitary lesions (20%), and air-crescent signs (10%), were less common. Patients presenting with a halo sign had significantly better responses to treatment (52% vs. 29%; P<.001) and greater survival to 84 days (71% vs. 53%; P<.01) than did patients who presented with other imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients presented with a halo sign and/or a macronodule in this large imaging study of IPA. Initiation of antifungal treatment on the basis of the identification of a halo sign by chest CT is associated with a significantly better response to treatment and improved survival.

Published
2007

11. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis.

Author

Herbrecht, R., Denning, D.W., Patterson, T.F., Bennett, J.E., Greene, R.E., Oestmann, J.W., Kern, W.V., Marr, K.A., Ribaud, P., Lortholary, O., Sylvester, R.J., Rubin, R.H., Wingard, J.R., Stark, P., Durand, C., Caillot, D., Chandrasekar, P.H., Thiel, E. van, Hodges, M.R., Schlamm, H.T., Troke, P.F., Pauw, B.E. de, Herbrecht, R., Denning, D.W., Patterson, T.F., Bennett, J.E., Greene, R.E., Oestmann, J.W., Kern, W.V., Marr, K.A., Ribaud, P., Lortholary, O., Sylvester, R.J., Rubin, R.H., Wingard, J.R., Stark, P., Durand, C., Caillot, D., Chandrasekar, P.H., Thiel, E. van, Hodges, M.R., Schlamm, H.T., Troke, P.F., and Pauw, B.E. de

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 185528.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole that is active against aspergillus species. We conducted a randomized trial to compare voriconazole with amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. METHODS: In this randomized, unblinded trial, patients received either intravenous voriconazole (two doses of 6 mg per kilogram of body weight on day 1, then 4 mg per kilogram twice daily for at least seven days) followed by 200 mg orally twice daily or intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 to 1.5 mg per kilogram per day). Other licensed antifungal treatments were allowed if the initial therapy failed or if the patient had an intolerance to the first drug used. A complete or partial response was considered to be a successful outcome. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients in the voriconazole group and 133 patients in the amphotericin B group with definite or probable aspergillosis received at least one dose of treatment. In most of the patients, the underlying condition was allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation, acute leukemia, or other hematologic diseases. At week 12, there were successful outcomes in 52.8 percent of the patients in the voriconazole group (complete responses in 20.8 percent and partial responses in 31.9 percent) and 31.6 percent of those in the amphotericin B group (complete responses in 16.5 percent and partial responses in 15.0 percent; absolute difference, 21.2 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, 10.4 to 32.9). The survival rate at 12 weeks was 70.8 percent in the voriconazole group and 57.9 percent in the amphotericin B group (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.88). Voriconazole-treated patients had significantly fewer severe drug-related adverse events, but transient visual disturbances were common with voriconazole (occurring in 44.8 percent of patients). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with invasive aspergillosis, initial therapy with voriconazole led to better responses and improve

Published
2002

27. International conference for the development of a consensus on the management and prevention of severe candidal infections

Author

Edwards, J.E., Bodey, G.P., Bowden, R.A., Büchner, T., Pauw, B.E. de, Filler, S.G., Ghannoum, M.A., Glauser, M., Herbrecht, R., Kauffman, C.A., Kohno, S., Martino, P., Meunier, A., Mori, H, Pfaller, M.A., Rex, J.H., Rogers, T.R., Rubin, R.H., Solomkin, J.S., Viscoli, C., Walsh, T.J., White, M., Edwards, J.E., Bodey, G.P., Bowden, R.A., Büchner, T., Pauw, B.E. de, Filler, S.G., Ghannoum, M.A., Glauser, M., Herbrecht, R., Kauffman, C.A., Kohno, S., Martino, P., Meunier, A., Mori, H, Pfaller, M.A., Rex, J.H., Rogers, T.R., Rubin, R.H., Solomkin, J.S., Viscoli, C., Walsh, T.J., and White, M.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
1997

34. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus disease in organ transplant recipients with oral ganciclovir or oral acyclovir prophylaxis

Author

Rubin, R.H., primary, Kemmerly, S.A., additional, Conti, D., additional, Doran, M., additional, Murray, B.M., additional, Neylan, J.F., additional, Pappas, C., additional, Pitts, D., additional, Avery, R., additional, Pavlakis, M., additional, Del Busto, R., additional, DeNofrio, D., additional, Blumberg, E.A., additional, Schoenfeld, D.A., additional, Donohue, T., additional, Fisher, S.A., additional, and Fishman, J.A., additional

Published
2000
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41. HST Spectroscopy of the Orion Nebula

Author

Rubin, R.H., primary, Ferland, G.J., additional, Dufour, R.J., additional, Walter, D.K., additional, O'dell, C.R., additional, Baldwin, J.A., additional, Hester, J.J., additional, and Martin, P.G., additional

Published
1996
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45. Principles of antimicrobial therapy in the transplant patient.

Author

Rubin, R.H. and Marty, F.M.

Subjects
*ANTI-infective agents, *ANTIBACTERIAL agents, *DRUGS, *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc., *PATIENTS, *ORGAN donation
Abstract

Comments on antimicrobial therapy techniques suitable for organ transplant patients. Analysis of how microbial load can become a major determinant for the prognosis for a given infected patient; Explanation of the direct link between early diagnosis and effective therapy; Requirement of continuous reassessment of therapy.

Published
2004
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46. Temperature variations from Hubble Space Telescope imagery and spectroscopy of NGC 7009.

Author

Rubin, R.H., Bhatt, N.J., Dufour, R.J., Buckalew, B.A., Barlow, M.J., Liu, X., Storey, P.J., Balick, B., Ferland, G.J., Harrington, J.P., and Martin, P.G.

Subjects
*PLANETARY nebulae, *TEMPERATURE of stars
Abstract

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFPC2 imagery and STIS long-slit spectroscopy of the planetary nebula NGC 7009. The primary goal was to obtain high spatial resolution of the intrinsic line ratio [O iii] 4364/5008 and thereby evaluate the electron temperature (T[sub e]) and the fractional mean-square T[sub e] variation (t[sub A][sup 2]) across the nebula. The WFPC2 T[sub e] map is rather uniform; almost all values are between 9000–11 000 K, with the higher T[sub e] values closely coinciding with the inner He[sup ++] zone. The results indicate very small values–&lsim;0.01– for t[sub A][sup 2] throughout. Our STIS data allow an even more direct determination of T[sub e] and t[sub A][sup 2], albeit for a much smaller area than with WFPC2. We present results from binning the data along the slit into tiles that are 0.5-arcsec square (matching the slit width). The average [O iii] temperature using 45 tiles (excluding the central star and STIS fiducial bars) is 10 139 K; t[sub A][sup 2] is 0.0035. The measurements of T[sub e] reported here are an average along each line of sight. Therefore, despite finding remarkably low t[sub A][sup 2], we cannot completely rule out temperature fluctuations along the line of sight as the cause of the large abundance discrepancy between heavy element abundances inferred from collisionally excited emission lines compared to those derived from recombination lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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47. Pharmacokinetic imaging: a noninvasive method for determining drug distribution and action.

Author

Fischman, A.J., Alpert, N.M., Rubin, R.H., Fischman, Alan J, Alpert, Nathaniel M, and Rubin, Robert H

Subjects
MEDICAL imaging systems, PHARMACOKINETICS, RADIONUCLIDE imaging, POSITRON emission tomography
Abstract

Advances in positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and the ability to label a wide variety of compounds for in vivo use in humans, have created a new technology for making precise physiological and pharmacological measurements. Due to the noninvasive nature of these approaches, repetitive and/or continuous measurements have become possible. Thus far, these techniques have been primarily used for one-time assessments of individuals. However, experience suggests that a major use of this technology will be in the evaluation of new drug therapies. Already, these techniques have been used to measure precisely and noninvasively the pharmacokinetics of a variety of antimicrobial, antineoplastic and CNS agents. In the case of CNS drugs, imaging techniques (particularly PET) have been used to define the classes of neuroreceptors with which the drug interacts. The physiological, pharmacological and biochemical measurements that can be performed noninvasively using modern imaging techniques can greatly facilitate the evaluation of new therapies. These measurements are most likely to be useful during drug development in preclinical studies and in phase I/II human studies. Preclinically, new drugs can be precisely compared with standard therapies, or a series of analogues can be screened for further development on the basis of performance in animal models. In Phase I/II, imaging measurements can be combined with classical pharmacokinetic data to establish optimal administration schedules, evaluate the utility of interventions in specific clinical situations, and aid in the design of Phase III trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

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