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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVC syndrome) due to a retrosternal goiter is exceptionally rare, with only a handful of documented cases in medical literature. The utilization of radionuclide venography is a valuable, noninvasive procedure that plays a crucial role in the comprehensive assessment of these rare occurrences. We present here a case of 55-year-old male patient referred to nuclear medicine department for evaluation of neck swelling. He had neck swelling for a past 06 years accompanied by dyspnea on lying down and had visibly dilated veins in the neck and anterior chest wall. Based on sign and symptoms of the patient, superior vena cava syndrome was provisional diagnosis and radionuclide venography with thyroid scan (and SPECT/CT) were performed. Scintigraphic findings favored SVC syndrome secondary to retrosternal goiter. Patient was referred to surgical department where subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. Histopathology showed benign thyroid nodular disease. The patient is now clinically stable, on thyroxine and his symptoms have resolved. Radionuclide venography stands out as a non-invasive and safe diagnostic tool that not only aids in the initial identification of SVC syndrome but also provides essential insights into collateral circulation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We report a case of a 54-year-old female patient with carcinoma of the left breast with persistent methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in sclerotic osseous lesions. These lesions were finally declared treated osseous metastatic lesions due to non-avidity on the 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography [F-18 FDG Positron emission tomography (PET-CT)] scan, normalization of CA-15.3, and resolution of bone pains. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been reported previously. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old woman with persistent backache was referred for further evaluation by a Tc99m MDP bone scan. A Tc99mmMDP bone scan showed wide-spread skeletal metastatic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive marrow disease involving the spine and iliac bones. A bone marrow biopsy revealed metastatic carcinoma with a tumor phenotype favoring breast primary. On further workup, the patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast and was treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors along with hormone therapy and bisphosphonates, followed by radiation therapy for bone metastasis. The skeletal metastatic disease remains static on three consecutive Tc99m MDP bone scans, despite the clinical improvement and decreased tumor marker levels. The F-18-FDG-FDG-CT scan done for monitoring treatment response revealed multiple non-avid sclerotic osseous lesions, favoring treatment response. The patient was continued with the same treatment, and a follow-up Tc99m MDP bone scan after 6 months revealed no interval change in the reported lesions compared to the initial scan. However, a synergistically performed F-18 FDG PET-CT scan again showed multiple non-avid sclerotic osseous lesions suggestive of treated metastasis. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of 18-F-FDG PET-CT in evaluating the treatment response, especially in patients with symptomatic improvement and falling tumor marker levels with static disease on repeated Tc99m MDP bone scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer, which was once a relatively uncommon aspect of oncology, has significantly increased worldwide. This tendency makes opening new horizons and finding new modalities for both its diagnosis and therapy all the more crucial. The concept of theranostics in thyroid cancer has shown potential in individualizing treatments, and tailoring therapies to the specific molecular characteristics of the patient's cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hot kidneys had been reported on bone scan in few patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their cause is unknown. This study was conducted to compare the 99mTc-MDP renal parenchymal retention on bone scan in HCC patients with normal controls and chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and to correlate it in HCC patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Methods: Fifteen normal, 15 CLD, and 85 HCC patients with normal serum urea and creatinine underwent bone scan. Renal parenchymal retention index (PRI) in terms of the kidney-to-lumbar vertebrae counts ratio was calculated, and its mean was compared between these three groups by using Student's t-test. Last consecutive 25 HCC patients underwent 99mTc DTPA dynamic renal scan, and mean PRI in patients with normal GFR (group I, n = 6) was compared with those with deranged GFR (group II, n = 19). Results: Mean PRI was 26.8% higher in CLD patients than control group (p = 0.000). Mean PRI in HCC group was 99.7% higher than control (p = 0.000) and 59.6% higher than that of CLD group (p = 0.004). GFR was deranged in 76% of HCC patients. Mean PRI was 36.9% higher in group II than group I at p = 0.023. Conclusion: Renal parenchymal retention on bone scan is significantly higher in HCC patients than normal control and CLD patients. In HCC patients, it was significantly higher in patients with reduced GFR than those with normal GFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]