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Figs 2E, M, 6G���I Acrapex malagasy Viette, 1967: 712 ���714, fgs 552a���b, 553. Acrapex malagasy ��� Poole 1989: 20 (catalogue). Diagnosis Easily separated from other species of the group by the large, plate-like juxta, with the base slightly fattened, without sclerotization, with a long and widening neck, ending on each side in a rounded apex, on both sides tufted with small-sized hairs (Fig. 2E). Material examined Holotype MADAGASCAR: ♂, Plateau de l���Imerina, Tananarive, Parc de Tsimbazaza, 1200 m a.s.l., 10 Oct. 1951 (MNHN, gen. prep. 4426). Several specimens are recorded by Viette (1967). Paratype MADAGASCAR: 2 ♂♂, same locality and date as holotype (MNHN); 3 ♂♂, same locality as holotype, 8 Nov. 1954, P. Viette leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. 4438). Description The description of the external features of the holotype by Viette (1967) was accurate (Fig. 6G���H). WINGSPAN. 17���20 mm (♂♂) according to Viette (1967); however, only one specimen is preserved in MNHN. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2E, M). (After Viette 1967) Additional description: juxta large, plate-like, base slightly fattened, without sclerotization, with long and widening neck, ending on each side in rounded apex, on both sides tufted with small-sized hairs; aedeagus short, stout, not curved, with two lateral areas adorned with short setae; hand-shaped vesica with tuft of needle-shaped cornutus, pointed obliquely downward. Bionomics Biology unknown. Distribution Madagascar. Only known from the type locality. The record is from secondary grassland replacing upland and montane forest (Mosaic #18) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Sudanian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & On��sime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["Viette P. 1967. Insectes Lepidopteres Noctuidae Amphipyrinae (Part.) et Melicleptriinae. Faune de Madagascar. ORSTOM-CNRS, Paris 20 (2): 394 - 417.","Poole R. W. 1989. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series, Fasc. 118). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4657886-D162-4D14-BCD4-46C7A02CC426 Figs 3E, 7F���G Diagnosis Female easily separated from females of other species of the group by the strongly curved and toothshaped ovipositor lobes (Fig. 3E). Etymology Named after the host-plant Miscanthus violaceus (K.Schum.) Pilg. in Uganda. Material examined Holotype UGANDA: ♀, Occidental Province, Kyenjojo, Kazizi, 00��33.865' N, 30��49.117' E, 1251 m a.s.l., 24 May 2014, ex larva (in stems of Miscanthus violaceus), B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G734). Description (Fig. 7F���G) Antennae fuscous dorsally and ochreous ventrally, fliform; fagellum adorned dorsally with black scales, palpus fuscous, eyes black. Head and base of thorax black, thorax ochreous; legs fuscous suffused with white scales, ringed with white; abdomen fuscous, dorsally suffused with grey scales, black ventrally, suffused with grey scales. FORE WING. Ground colour dark ochreous, suffused with fuscous, black and white scales, more heavily along veins and costal area; reniform indicated by few white scales, surrounded by some black scales; irrorated ochreous median area extended on distal side to termen; longitudinal grey median fascia along lower external margin of cell, ending obliquely at apex, adorned with two black elongated spots between veins; veins below cell adorned with grey, white and black scales; fringe grey white, slightly suffused with fuscous. Underside of fore wing with ground colour grey white, suffused with fuscous and some brown scales, more heavily on costa and close to termen. HIND WING. Ground colour white, strongly suffused with fuscous scales; veins slightly irrorated with fuscous scales, costa and apex more heavily suffused with fuscous scales; fringe grey white, suffused with fuscous. Underside of hind wing grey-white, suffused with fuscous scales, but much more heavily on costa and apex; veins slightly irrorated with fuscous scales. WINGSPAN. 22 mm (1 ♀). FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 3E). Corpus bursae elongated ovoid and globular, without signa; ductus seminalis from base of bursae; ductus bursae about one third length of corpus bursae, not sclerotised on bursa side, widening and sclerotised on ostial side; antrum narrow, band-like, slightly sclerotised, leaning on back and adorned with very narrow and strongly sclerotised plate divided in two in the middle. Ovipositor lobes relatively short (2 times as long as wide), with dorsal surface bearing numerous short and stout setae, apex of each lobe strongly curved and tooth-shaped. Bionomics Larvae were collected at the bottom of stems of M.violaceus growing in grasslands near marshes (Table 3); as many Acrapex species, A. miscantha sp. nov. is a markedly hygrophilous species. Unfortunately, no pictures were taken before pupation. Distribution Uganda. Only known from the holotype locality in Occidental Province close to Kyenjojo. This species was found in a mosaic of East African evergreen bushland and secondary Acacia wooded grassland (Mosaic #45) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Congolian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & On��sime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FD4E344-68BA-423B-AF86-347CAD502914 Figs 2D, L, 3C, 6C���F Diagnosis Male easily separated from males of other species of the group by the uncus being shovel-shaped at the apex and by the large, plate-like juxta, with a narrow pyriform base and a long and widening, slightly sclerotised neck (Fig. 2D); female easily separated from females of other species of the group by having the antrum strongly sclerotized, with a large, broad ventral plate, bilobate, widening to the front, anterior part shaped like a feshy lip, the posterior part concave (Fig 3C). Etymology Named after Kiakouama, the technician who collected this species in the Republic of the Congo. Type material Holotype REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: ♂, Kouilou Department, Lac Nanga, 04��56.090' S, 11��56.713' E, 2 m a.s.l., 17 Apr. 2013, ex light trap, B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G843). Paratypes REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: 4 ♂♂, same date and locality as holotype, ex light trap, B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G533-G537-G781); 4 ♀♀, same date and locality as holotype, ex light trap, B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G536); 1 ♂, Kouilou Province, Lac Loubi, 04��53.573' S, 11��55.535' E, 4 m a.s.l., 16 Apr. 2013, ex light trap, B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN). Description Both sexes look similar; however, the general shape of the female fore wing is more elongated at the apex than in the male and is paler (Fig. 6C���F); antennae bright ochreous dorsally and ochreous ventrally, fliform in female and slightly ciliate in male; fagellum adorned dorsally with grey scales, palpus ochreous grey, eyes fuscous brown. Head and base of thorax bright brown, thorax ochreous; legs ochreous, ringed with grey white; abdomen grey. FORE WING. Ground colour bright ochreous in both sexes, suffused with fuscous and brown scales, more heavily along veins and costal area, particularly in male; reniform indicated by few white scales, surrounded by some brown scales; longitudinal brown median fascia along lower external margin of cell, ending obliquely at apex; veins below cell adorned with white and fuscous scales; row of black elongated spots between veins on margin; fringe grey externally, ochreous suffused with fuscous internally. Underside of fore wing with ground colour ochreous, densely suffused with brown scales. HIND WING. Ground colour pale ochreous in male, more whitish in female; veins slightly irrorated, with fuscous scales, costa and apex more heavily suffused with fuscous scales; hind wing of male much more suffused with fuscous scales than that of female; fringe pale ochreous, suffused with fuscous and adorned with narrow fuscous line. Underside of hind wing pale ochreous in male, more whitish in female, suffused with brown scales but much more heavily on costa and apex; veins slightly irrorated with pale fuscous scales. WINGSPAN. 16���18 mm (4 ♂♂); 20���23 mm (7 ♀♀). MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2D, K). Uncus long, widening in distal third, shovel-shaped at apex, tufted with long hairs on upper side. Tegumen with medium-sized rounded penniculi, vinculum pointed, with medium-sized triangular saccus, valves short and broad, cucullus rounded and tufted, with medium-sized hairs, coastal margin slightly broadened on the inner side and produced into strong tooth-shaped spine, strongly sclerotized at apex, pointed and curved inwardly; juxta large, plate-like, base pyriform, without sclerotization, with long and widening, slightly sclerotized neck. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, with two lateral areas adorned with short setae; hand-shaped vesica with basal tuft of needle-shaped cornutus, pointed obliquely downward. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 3C). Corpus bursae long and globular, without signa; ductus bursae very short, with strongly sclerotized funnel-shaped connection with ostium; antrum strongly sclerotized, with large, broad ventral plate, bilobate, widening to the front, anterior part shaped like a feshy lip, posterior part concave; dorsal plate small, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes relatively short (2 times as long as wide), with pointed apex, dorsal surface bearing numerous short and stout setae. Bionomics Biology unknown. The moths were caught in a light trap in grasslands near marshes. Distribution Republic of the Congo. Known from two close localities only in the Kouilou region, south coast of Pointe Noire. Moths were found in a mosaic of lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (Mosaic #11A) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Congolian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & On��sime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

Figs 2G, O, 3F, 8A���D Acrapex parvaclara Berio, 1973: 150 ���152, fg. 33. Acrapex parvaclara ��� Poole 1989: 20 (catalogue). Diagnosis Male easily separated from males of other species of the group by the small rounded protuberance on each side of the apex of the juxta and by the small curved, hand-shaped vesica (Fig. 2G, O); female easily separated from females of other species of the group by the strongly sclerotized antrum, with a large, broad ventral plate, slightly bilobate, widening to the front, the anterior part shaped like a thin lip, the posterior part concave (Fig. 3F). Material examined Holotype DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: ♂, North Kivu, Ngesho, Sep. 1937, J. Ghesqui��re leg. (MRAC, gen. prep. Berio N 3755). Paratypes DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: 2 ♂♂, Sankuru, Dimbelenge, Apr. 1951, Dr Fontaine leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Sankuru, Lac Hukauda, Nov. 1951, Dr Fontaine leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Kindu, Dr Russo leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Katanga, Kimbai, Dec. 1925, Ch. Seydel leg. (MCSN). Other material CAMEROON: 1 ♀, Northwest Region, Babessi, 06��01.926' N, 10��33.112' E, 1203 m a.s.l., Dec. 2013, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G636); 1 ♂, Northwest Region, Ndop, 05��58.670' N, 10��24.410' E, 1182 m a.s.l., 4 Dec. 2013, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G605). UGANDA: 1 ♂, Kalinzu Forest, T.H.E. Jackson leg., B.M.E Afr. Exp. B.M. 1985-203 (BMNH, Noctuidae genitalia slide 2466); 1 ♀, South Buganda Region, Katonga, 00��01.577' S, 32��00.958' E, 1151 m a.s.l., 28 May 2014, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G715); 3 ♀♀, Western Region, Itojo, 00��50.546' N, 30��13.131' E, 1070 m a.s.l., 22 May 2014, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G713); 1 ♀, Western Region, Kanga-Bukama, 00��12.898' S, 30��05.624' E, 1277 m a.s.l., 21 May 2014, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G712). ZAMBIA: 2 ♂♂, Luapula Province, Kavumba, 11��29.074' S, 29��25.757' E, 1193 m a.s.l., 22 Mar. 2012, ex light trap (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G157). Redescription (Fig. 8A���D) Both sexes look similar; however, the general shape of the female fore wing is more elongated at the apex than in the male and fore wings are also paler in females; antennae ochreous, fliform in female, slightly ciliate in male; fagellum fuscous, adorned dorsally with black scales, palpus fuscous, eyes brown. Head and base of thorax fuscous, thorax ochreous; legs ochreous, ringed with white; abdomen fuscous, suffused with grey scales. FORE WING. Ground colour ochreous, suffused with fuscous, black and white scales, more heavily along veins and costal area; reniform indicated by few white scales, surrounded by some black scales; row of black elongated spots on veins in front of reniform; longitudinal fuscous median fascia along lower external margin of cell, ending obliquely at apex; veins below cell adorned with fuscous scales; row of black elongated spots between veins on margin; fringe white, slightly suffused with fuscous. Underside of fore wing with ground colour ochreous, strongly suffused with fuscous and some brown scales, more heavily on costa and close to termen. HIND WING. Ground colour white in female, white ochreous in male, suffused with fuscous scales; veins slightly irrorated with fuscous scales, costa and apex more heavily suffused with fuscous scales; fringe white, suffused with fuscous. Underside of hind wing white, suffused with fuscous scales, but much more heavily on costa and apex; veins slightly irrorated, with fuscous scales. 22 MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2G, O). Uncus long, widening in distal third, tapering in truncate apex, tufted with long hairs on upper side. Tegumen with medium-sized rounded penniculi, vinculum pointed, with medium-sized triangular saccus, valves short and broad, cucullus rounded and tufted with medium-sized hairs, coastal margin slightly broadened on inner side and produced into strong, tooth-shaped spine, sclerotized at apex, pointed and slightly curved inwardly; juxta large, plate-like, base slightly fattened, without sclerotization, with long and widening bilobate neck, ending on each side with small, rounded protuberance. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, with two lateral areas adorned with short setae; curved, hand-shaped vesica with basal tuft of needle-shaped cornutus, pointed obliquely downward. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 3F). Corpus bursae long and globular, without signum; ductus bursae very short, with strongly sclerotised funnel-shaped connection with ostium; antrum strongly sclerotized, with large, broad ventral plate, slightly bilobate, widening to the front, anterior part shaped like thin lip, posterior part concave; dorsal plate small, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes relatively short (2 times as long as wide), with bluntly pointed apex, dorsal surface bearing numerous short and stout setae. Bionomics Biology unknown. The moths were caught in a light trap in grasslands near woodlands. Distribution Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Zambia. Known from several localities at medium altitude between 1000 and 1200 m a.s.l. Moths were found in a mosaic of lowland rainforest and secondary grassland (Mosaic #11) and from a mosaic of Zambezian dry evergreen forest and wetter miombo woodland (Mosaic #21) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Congolian and to the Zambezian bioregion respectively (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & On��sime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["Berio E. 1973. Nuove species e generi di Noctuidae africane e asiatiche e note sinonimiche. Parte II. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" Giacomo Doria \" 79: 126 - 171.","Poole R. W. 1989. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series, Fasc. 118). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

Figs 2F, N, 3D, 7A–E Poecopa mediopuncta Bowden, 1956: 418 –420, fgs 6–9. Poecopa mediopuncta – Poole 1989: 818 (catalogue). Diagnosis Male easily separated from males of other species of the group by the broadly based, stout, strongly curved cornutus, pointed downward at a right angle (Fig. 2N); female easily separated from females of other species of the group by the small sclerotized area at the base of the ductus bursae and the weakly sclerotized antrum (Fig. 3D). Material examined Holotype GHANA: ♂, Gold Coast, Kwadaso, near Kumasi, 25 Jun. 1952, ex larva (in stems of Rottboellia compressa L.), J. Bowden leg. (BMNH 1953/9, Agrotidae genitalia slide 1338). Allotype GHANA: ♀, Gold Coast, mile 19–20 on Kumasi-Mampong Road, 31 Aug. 1951, ex larva (in stems of Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur. & Schinz.), J. Bowden leg. (BMNH 1953/11, Agrotidae genitalia slide 1337). Paratype GHANA: 1 ♂, same locality and date as allotype; 12 paratypes of both sexes were recorded in the original description; only one was found in BMNH. Other material CAMEROON: 1 ♂, Southwest Region, Limbe, Wete Wete, 04°04.417' N, 09°01.250' E, 30 m a.s.l., 2 Feb. 2007, ex larva (in stem of Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur. & Schinz.), B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G284). Description The descriptions of the external features of the male holotype and female allotype by Bowden (1956) were accurate. The male looks very similar to the female; however, the general colour of the fore wing is a little bit darker in the male than in the female (Fig. 7A–D). WINGSPAN. 20–32 mm (3 ♂♂); 33 mm (1 ♀). MALE AND FEMALE GENITALIA (Figs 2F, N, 3D). The genitalia of both sexes were described by Bowden (1956) with suffcient detail; however, it should be added that the vesica of the aedeagus is hand-shaped with a stout, broadly based, strongly curved cornutus, pointed downward at a right angle. Bionomics Acrapex mediopuncta is a markedly forest species inhabiting open patches of grasses along forest roads. Larvae collected in Ghana were reported from P. purpureum, R. compressa, S. arundinaceum and S. megaphylla (Bowden 1956) (Table 3). The few larvae collected in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo by our group were all from S. megaphylla; unfortunately, no pictures were taken before pupation. Larvae were collected at the bottom of young stems and were always solitary. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by A. mediopuncta larvae have a curled, brown, central leaf. No pupae were found in the stems, and therefore the borers probably pupate in the soil near exit holes. Distribution Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana and the Republic of the Congo. The records are from Guineo-Congolian rain forests, lowland rain forests and secondary grassland vegetation mosaics (Mosaics #1–3) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Congolian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & Onésime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["Bowden J. 1956. New species of African stem-boring Agrotidae (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research 47: 415 - 428.","Poole R. W. 1989. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series, Fasc. 118). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

Figs 1A–F, 2A–I, 3A Busseola cuprescens Hampson, 1910: 162. Busseola rufdorsata Hampson, 1910: 163. Acrapex cuprescens – Poole 1989: 19 (recombination, catalogue). Busseola rufdorsata – Poole 1989: 181 (catalogue). Diagnosis Male easily separated from males of other species of the group by the short and stout, slightly curved aedeagus and the vesica with a tuft of needle-shaped, horizontally oriented cornutus (Fig. 2I); female easily separated from females of other species of the group by the small sclerotized area of the ductus bursae on ostial side, half the length of the ductus bursae, and with the ventral plate of the ostium bursae sclerotized, slightly bilobate and invaginated on the back side (Fig. 3A). Material examined Holotype NIGERIA: ♂, Niger Province, Minna, 9 Oct. 1910, coll. Scott Macfe, 1911-269 (BMNH, Agrotidae genitalia slide 2276). Other material NIGERIA: 1 ♂, same locality as holotype; ♀, holotype of Busseola rufdorsata, Niger Province, Minna, 30 Sep. 1910, coll. Scott Macfe, 1911-269 (BMHN, Agrotidae genitalia slide 2273). Description The descriptions of the external features of the male holotype and of the female holotype of B. rufdorsata, by Hampson (1910) were accurate. The male looks very similar to the female; however, the general shape of the female’s fore wing is more elongated at the apex (Figs 1A–B, E–F). Descriptions of the genitalia of both sexes were not provided by Hampson (1910). WINGSPAN. 20 mm (2 ♂♂); 30 mm (1 ♀). MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2A, I). Uncus long, widening in distal third, truncated at apex, tufted with long hairs on upper side. Tegumen with medium-sized rounded penniculi, vinculum pointed, with mediumsized triangular saccus, valves short and broad, cucullus rounded and tufted, with medium-sized hairs, coastal margin slightly broadened on inner side and produced into a strong, tooth-shaped spine, roundly pointed and slightly curved inwardly; juxta large, plate-like, widening to the top without sclerotisation. Aedeagus short, stout, slightly curved, with two lateral areas adorned with short setae; hand-shaped vesica with a tuft of needle-shaped, horizontally oriented cornutus. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 3A). Corpus bursae short and globular, without signum; ductus bursae short, one third as long as corpus bursae, with a small sclerotized area on ostial side, half length of ductus bursae; ductus seminalis from basal part of bursa; ventral plate of ostial bursae sclerotized, slightly bilobate and invaginated on back side, dorsal plate large, broad and weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes relatively short and wide (twice as long as wide), with bluntly pointed apex, dorsal surface bearing numerous short and stout setae. Bionomics Biology unknown. Distribution Nigeria. Only known from the type locality. The record is from lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (Mosaic #11) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Sudanian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & Onésime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 7-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["Hampson G. F. 1910. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the Collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). IX. Noctuidae. Taylor and Francis, London.","Poole R. W. 1989. Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series, Fasc. 118). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:336CE140-8928-451F-A33F-CC74CBBEF930 Figs 3G, 8E���F, 9A Diagnosis Female easily separated from females of other species of the group by the sclerotized, band-like ventral plate, strongly concave on the front (Fig. 3G). Etymology The species epithet refers to the close similarity of the wing pattern with that of A. mediopuncta (Bowden, 1956). Material examined Holotype UGANDA: ♀, Southern Region, Kayanga Forest, 00��22.027' S, 30��06.722' E, 1447 m a.s.l., 6 Apr. 2006, ex larva (in stem of Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur. & Schinz.), B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G69). Paratypes KENYA: 2 ♀♀, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, 00��22.530' N, 34��53.660' E, 1430 m a.s.l., May 2007, ex larva (in stem of Setaria megaphylla), B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G31). UGANDA: 3 ♀♀, same date and locality as holotype, ex light trap, B. Le Ru leg. (MNHN, gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G32, G770). Description (Fig. 8E���F) Antennae ochreous, fliform; fagellum ochreous, palpus ochreous, eyes black. Head and base of thorax brown, thorax ochreous; legs brown, suffused with ochreous scales, ringed with ochreous; abdomen ochreous, suffused with fuscous scales. FORE WING. Ground colour bright ochreous, suffused with dark ochreous and fuscous scales, more heavily between veins and on costal area; reniform indicated by few white scales, surrounded by some black scales; longitudinal brown median fascia along lower external margin of cell, ending obliquely at apex, adorned with two black elongated spots between veins; row of black elongated spots between veins on margin; fringe ochreous, suffused with brown. Underside of fore wing with ground colour ochreous, heavily suffused with fuscous and brown scales. HIND WING. Ground colour grey white, strongly suffused with fuscous scales, more heavily on costa and apex; veins slightly irrorated, with fuscous scales; fringe grey white, suffused with fuscous. Underside of hind wing grey white, suffused with fuscous scales, but much more heavily on costa and apex; veins slightly irrorated, with fuscous scales. WINGSPAN. 26���32 mm (7 ♀♀). LARVAL L5 INSTAR (Fig. 9A). Length 20���25mm, width 2.5 mm; head smooth, black, prothoracic shield brown; body with ground colour dark pink, pinacula and caudal plate black. Young larvae very similar to mature ones. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 3G). Corpus bursae elongated, ovoid and globular, without signa; ductus seminalis from base of bursae; ductus bursae about less than half length of corpus bursae, not sclerotised on bursa side, widening and slightly sclerotised on ostial side; antrum ovoid, with sclerotized, band-like ventral plate, strongly concave on front; ovipositor lobes relatively short (2 times as long as wide), with bluntly pointed apex, dorsal surface bearing numerous short and stout setae. Bionomics Acrapex simillima sp. nov. is a markedly forest species, inhabiting open patches of grasses along forest roads. Larvae were all collected at the bottom of young stems of S. megaphylla (Table 3) and were always solitary. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by A. simillima sp. nov. larvae have a curled, brown central leaf. One pupa was found in a stem; however, as in most species of Acrapex, most larvae probably pupate in the soil near exit holes. Distribution Kenya and Uganda. The records are from Guineo-Congolian rain forests (Mosaic #1) (White 1983) (Fig. 4), belonging to the Congolian bioregion (Linder et al. 2012) (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku & On��sime Mubenga, 2017, Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of Fve new species from the Afrotropics, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 270 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.270, http://zenodo.org/record/889483, {"references":["Bowden J. 1956. New species of African stem-boring Agrotidae (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research 47: 415 - 428.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research 20: 1 - 356.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defned biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x"]}

Bruchidius ishwaensis (Decelle, 1958) Bruchus ishwaensis Decelle, 1958: 82 Bruchidius ishwaensis (Decelle): Decelle, 1979: 82 Material examined: Holotype (male) of Bruchus ishwaensis: Democratic Republic of Congo: ��� Holotypus ���, ���Genit ♂ / Br. 57 ���, ���Coll. Mus. Congo / Pl. d'Ischwa (Mahagi) / iii- 1942 / J. Vrydagh���, ��� Bruchus / ishwaensis n. sp. / det. J. Decelle 1958 ��� [MRAC]. Other material: Kenya: 9 ♂, 7 ♀, Garissa, 00�� 28 ��� 39 ������S 39 �� 33 ���00������E, 292m, i. 2002, ex Vachellia etbaica [1 ♂ 04903] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data, ex V. reficiens [1 ♂ 0 2102, 1♀ 0 2202, specimen Ki 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 16 ♂, 14 ♀, same data, ex V. zanzibarica [♂ 0 4602, 04702] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Baringo, 00�� 35 ��� 10 ������N 36 ��00��� 55 ������E, 1084m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. reficiens (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Kabarak, 00�� 10 ��� 26 ������S 35 �� 58 ��� 21 ������E, 1910m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. seyal (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Voi (Tsavo), 11.iv.��� 14.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]; 4 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 23.iii. ��� 4.iv. 1997, (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 8 ��� 18.vi. 1996, (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo W., Kitani Lodge, v. 2002 (A. Vojnits) [HNHM]. A small to medium-sized (1.4���2.5 mm) brown and reddish species, with white, yellow and brown setation; antennae usually testaceous in male, or with median segments more or less darkened; female usually with antennal segments 6 (7, 8)��� 10 blackened, shorter and less eccentric than in male; on pronotum, basal lobes, median line and two lateral spots white, narrow apical stripe and postero-lateral impressions yellow; on elytra, dark specimens with brown heart-shaped sutural spot, absent in lighter specimens; usually 4 lines of brown spots: at base, first fourth (interstriae 3, 7, 9), middle (interstriae 5, 7, 8, 9), and apex almost entirely. Other distinctive morphological traits: antenna strongly serrate and eccentric in male, shorter and less eccentric in female; mucro of posterior tibia strong and elongated; absence of particular arrangement of setae on first ventrite in male, in female last visible tergite without impression or foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 20���21). Median lobe elongated, slender (w/l = 0.10���0.12), basal lobe small and circular, ventral valve narrow, acutely triangular; internal sac with 3 series of sclerites: a large, elongated, roof-like, dented sclerite, with blunt apex, followed by four globular and dentate sclerites (anterior pair with 2 to 4 teeth, posterior pair usually with single tooth), then a group of 1 to 4 slender spines; tegminal strut with large carina, parameres narrow and elongated, cleft to about 84 % their length. In female, vagina short, without dorsal sclerite, spermathecal body pear-shaped (Fig. 22). Biology. Examined material reared from seeds of Vachellia etbaica, V. reficiens (Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. seyal and V. zanzibarica (S. Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr. Also reared from seeds of Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Y. Sj��stedt) P.J.H. Hurter (as Acacia lathouwersi) in the Democratic Republic of Congo by Decelle (1958), together with B. basilewskyi. Discussion. Very closely related with B. saudicus Decelle from Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Anton 2010); the two species differ in the shape of the large sclerite of the median lobe, and in the number of smaller sclerites, but both characters are highly variable in B. ishwaensis; antennae are also shorter and stouter in B. ishwaensis. Differs from B. aurivillii in its longer and more serrate antenna. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Somalia (Decelle 1979)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 468-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Decelle, J. (1958) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Deuxieme note). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 75 - 84.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330.","Anton, K. - W. (2010) Bruchinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 339 - 353."]}

Bruchidius elnairensis (Pic, 1931) Bruchus elnairensis Pic, 1931: 35 Bruchidius voltaicus Decelle, nomen nudum: Nongonierma, 1978, Varaigne-Labeyrie & Labeyrie, 1981 Bruchidius acaciaephilus Anton, 2000: 246 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 171) Material examined. Kenya: 13 ♂, 12 ♀, Kabarnet, 00° 28 ’ 14 ’’, 35 ° 51 ’07’’E, 1365m, 18.vi. 2007, ii. 2003, ex Vachellia dolichocephala [2 ♂ 0 1614, 0 1714, specimen E 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Burkina-Faso, Ghana, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. A medium-sized (2.0– 2.5 mm) species, with brown red integument and darkened areas; basal antennal segments and legs yellowish, apical antennal segments red-brown. Vestiture dense, with denser yellowish to white setae: sides of pronotum, meso- and metasternites, a small triangle at base of last visible tergite; pronotal disc with ill-defined median longitudinal yellowish-whitish band, sometimes with small white spot on each side of it; elytra often with oblong yellowish, whitish and brownish marks, with two irregular transverse whitish bands and striking longitudinal whitish mark in middle of interval 3, sometimes elytra predominantly yellowish with indistinct paler spots; last visible tergite whitish with two basal yellowish spots. Ventrite 1 with small baso-central patch of semierect thin setae. In female, last visible tergite with pair of deep foveae with shiny margin and setous central area. Genitalia (Figs. 5–6). Median lobe of moderate length (w/l = 0.13); ventral valve subtriangular, with semicircular row of about eight setae in basal half and acute apical tip; internal sac with subapical median longitudinal agglomeration of about twelve large blunt denticles, at mid part with paired oblique, apically combined agglomerations of eight moderate, sharp denticles each, basally followed by paired oval agglomerations of about 20 small needles each (Fig. 5). Lateral lobes simple, cleft to half their length, with about eight setae at apex; tegminal strut moderate, with short median carina. In female, vagina long and membranous, without dorsal sclerite. Biology. Examined material reared from Vachellia dolichocephala (Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr. Also recorded from seeds of V. amythethophylla (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. hockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger, V. flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. gerrardii, V. s e ya l and V. seyal var. fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Discussion. Bruchidius elnairensis is distinguished from the closely related B. aurivillii by having vestiture predominantly yellowish, last visible tergite broader, paired foveae near apex of female last visible tergite, paired and only apically combined agglomerations of denticles in mid part of internal sac, larger paired agglomeration of higher number of needles in basal part of internal sac, lateral lobes slimmer and less separated. Distribution. Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Senegal (Anton & Delobel 2003), and Sudan (Pic 1931). Bruchidius eminingensis Delobel, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius eminingensis: Kenya: “ Kenya, Emining / Acacia seyal seyal / S 00° 17 ’ 52 ’’ E 35 ° 55 ’ 17 ’’, 1384m, / 18 juin 2007 / B. LeRu coll.” “genitalia: lame Delobel 17607 ” “ Bruchidius eminingensis n.sp., Delobel des., 2014 ”[MNHN]. Paratypes: 3 ♂ 5 ♀, same data as holotype [1 ♀, 17507, specimen GK 101 used for DNA extraction] [CBGP]. Other material. Kenya: 3 ♂, Machakos, S 01° 50 ’09’’ E 37 ° 26 ’ 24 ’’, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex Vachellia seyal [3 ♂ 0 8108, 0 8408, 11208] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.2–2.4 mm; width: 1.0– 1.1 mm. Body oval, stout, about half as deep as long, last visible tergite slanted about 10 ° from vertical, slightly turned under in apical one-fourth. Body yellowish brown to reddish brown, underside and face black; antenna and four anterior legs light testaceous, posterior legs somewhat darker, last tarsal segments black; disc of last visible tergite more or less blackened. Vestiture dense but not completely hiding integument, made of slightly scaly white, yellowish and brown setae; pronotum disc mainly brown, with large white prescutellar spot, scutellum white; elytra mainly yellowish, in holotype with brown oval spot between basal and apical thirds of elytral suture and interstriae 1–3, absent in light specimens; small dark spots in basal fourth of interstria 3, in interstriae 7 and 9, at apex of intervals 2, 4– 5, and 7–9; last visible tergite densely and almost uniformly whitish. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width 1.46 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.32 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.2; width at bottom of sinus composed of 5–6 ommatidia; interocular carina blunt, ending basally in a bare tubercle. Antenna measuring one-fourth body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 wider than long, following ones transverse, moderately eccentric, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.1); length of antennomeres: 1.1; 1.0; 1.1; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.8. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.3) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra oval, regularly widened beyond humerus, widest before middle, 1.1 times longer than combined width; two strong teeth at base of interstria 4; striae thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femur incrassated, 1.8 times wider than mid femur, mesoventral margin without preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro two thirds width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about half mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 moderately emarginated, ventrite 4 shorter medially than laterally, base of ventrite 1 with a large circular impression bearing short, dense setae; last visible abdominal tergite shield-shaped, only slightly longer than wide (l/w = 1.04). Genitalia (Figs. 7–8): Median lobe stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.17), ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with rounded tip, bearing on each side 2–4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac densely lined with round denticles, middle of sac smooth, apical part with large dorsal pouch densely lined with short and elongated spines. Basal strut elongated, subtriangular, without keel, lateral lobes as long as basal strut, cleft to 65 % their length; apex of parameres with eight long setae. Female similar to male, last visible tergite reddish with disc black, regularly convex, setation yellowish, denser on basal and apical triangles, also along more or less distinct mid-line; spermatheca comma-shaped, with smooth surface, without visible vaginal sclerite. Biology. Both series were reared from Vachellia seyal seeds. Discussion. Bruchidius eminingensis is most similar to B. nongoniermai Delobel, from which it is separated on the basis of details of aedeagus shape and ornamentation: B. nongoniermai (Figs. 9–10) has a more slender median lobe, with saccus devoid of translucent tubercles in anterior part, but completely lined with minute needles. It can be further distinguished by body color and ecology: B. nongoniermai is a light yellowish species that feeds in Vachellia kirkii (Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr. seeds. This species of acacia is restricted to the sahelian zone (Chad, Mali, Sudan) (Delobel 2007). Several undescribed species with similar external morphology exist in the Southeastern part of Africa; they cannot be distinguished from one another without a careful examination of genital morphology. Etymology. Named after the locus typicus, the town of Emining in Kenya. Distribution. Kenya. Bruchidius gerrardiicola Delobel, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius gerrardiicola: Kenya: “ Kenya, Gilgil / Acacia gerrardii 2036m / S 00° 23 ’ 45 ’’ E 36 ° 18 ’ 45 ’’ / 29 octobre 2007 / B. LeRu coll.” “genitalia: lame Delobel 06508” “ Bruchidius gerrardiicola sp. nov., Delobel des, 2014 ” [MNHN]. Paratypes: 10 ♂ 10 ♀, same data as holotype, [1 ♀, 0 7108, specimen GK 881 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Other material: Kenya: 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Emining, S 00° 17 ’ 52 ’’ E 35 ° 55 ’ 17 ’’, 1384m, 18.vi; 2007, ex Vachellia seyal [2 ♂, 17007, 17407, specimen GK 100 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♂, SE Kenya, Voi (Tsavo), 11.iv.– 14.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, same data but 23.iii.– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.2–2.4 mm; width: 1.3–1.4 mm. Body oval, stout, about half as deep as long, last visible tergite slanted about 20 ° from vertical, humped and turned under in apical one-fourth. Body dark brown, lighter on elytral disc and apex; basal five to seven antennal segments and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish-brown with extreme base blackened; last antennal segment black or reddish brown, last tarsal segments black. Vestiture dense but not completely hiding integument, made of slightly scaly white, yellowish and black setae; pronotum disc variegated, with dark and white areas, and a median longitudinal white line; a black oval spot between basal third and apical fourth of elytral suture, on interstriae 1–3; interstriae 4, 6, 8 yellowish, 3, 5, 7, 9 with alternating white and dark spots; a wide strand of dense white setation along side, from behind eye to upper part of ventrites; last visible tergite whitish, with denser setation along midline, especially at base. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width about 1.44 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.32 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.2; width at bottom of sinus composed of 6–7 ommatidia; interocular carina well defined, disc of clypeus with large, isolated punctures. Antenna measuring one-third body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 as wide as long, following ones transverse, moderately eccentric, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.2); length of antennomeres: 2.3; 1.0; 1.4; 1.6; 1.8; 1.6; 1.7; 1.6; 1.6; 1.8; 2.8. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.4) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra oval, regularly widened beyond humerus, widest near middle, about as long as combined width; two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; odd interstriae distinctly wider than even interstriae, striae thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femur incrassated, 2.4 times wider than mid femur, mesoventral margin with minute preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro as long as width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about half mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 slightly emarginated, ventrite 4 about as long medially as laterally, ventrite 1 with a round spot of thin white erect setae at base; last visible abdominal tergite subcircular, only slightly longer than wide (l/w = 1.06), disc with large, partly coalescent punctures. Genitalia (Figs. 11–12). Median lobe moderately stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.15), ventral valve ogival, well sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 3–4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac smooth, middle of sac with two rows of more than 20 closely packed, slender, thorn-like sclerites and two lateral groups of 3–4 spines, apical part of sac with a small batch of minute translucent granulation. Basal strut without keel, lateral lobes slightly shorter than basal strut, cleft about three-fourths their length; apex of parameres with seven long setae. Biology. Larvae were reared from seeds of two Vachellia species: V. gerrardii and V. seyal. Discussion. Bruchidius gerrardiicola is most similar to B. glomeratus n. sp., from which it is separated on the basis of aedeagus ornamentation: in addition to the median strand of densely packed spines, B glomeratus shows a few slender spines in distal position; these additional spines are also present here, but are more numerous and in medial position. The saccus of B. gerrardiicola also lacks the sclerotized plates present in B. glomeratus. In females, the last visible tergite is less markedly bulging than in B. glomeratus. Etymology. From the name of one of the identified host plant, Vachellia gerrardii. Distribution. Kenya. Bruchidius glomeratus Delobel, sp. nov. Bruchidius sp. KE05: Kergoat et al., 2005, 2007, 2008 Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius glomeratus: Kenya: “ Kenya, Kangonoi / 1 °06’ 20 ’’S 37 ° 41 ’ 51 ’’E, 1850m / i. 2002, ex graines Acacia etbaica / B. Le Ru coll.“, “ Bruchidius glomeratus sp. nov. / A. Delobel des. 2014 ”, “ Holotype ”. Paratypes, 3 ♂, 8 ♀, same data as holotype [1 ♂, slide 0 2502, two females dissected, genitalia in glycerin, specimen Kc 11 used for DNA extraction] [CBGP, MNHN]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.1–2.2 mm; width: 1.3 mm. Body stout, last visible tergite slanted about 10 ° from vertical, humped and turned under in apical one-fourth. Body reddish-brown, except center of sternites and claws, darker; antennal base and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish-brown; antennae progressively blackened from segment 5 or 6, segment 11 lighter than preceding ones. Vestiture not completely hiding integument, made of short and thin, dull white setae, almost uniform, except for large dark rhomboid spot along posterior part of elytral suture and interstriae 2–3; additional more or less inconspicuous brownish spots at basal fourth of interstria 3 and middle of interstriae 9–10; a wide strand of dense white setation along side, from behind eye to upper part of ventrites; last visible tergite whitish, with denser setation along midline, especially at base. Male. Head short, eyes widely separated, bulging, maximum head width about 1.36 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.29 times head width including eyes; face wide, distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / minimum distance between eyes = 2.1; width at bottom of sinus composed of 6–7 ommatidia; no interocular carina, but a small shining bulge. Antenna about one fourth body length; segments 1–4 moniliform, 5 as wide as long, following ones transverse, almost symmetrical, 11 rounded apically (l/w = 1.0); length of antennomeres: 1.4; 1.0; 0.9; 0.9; 1.1; 1.0; 1.0; 1.0; 1.0; 1.1; 1.6. Pronotum subcampaniform, wider at base than long (w/l = 1.3) its sides slightly convex medially; disc with small, dense punctures. Elytra not wider at base than pronotum, but regularly widened beyond humerus, widest near middle, 1.1 times longer than combined width; two small teeth at base of interstria 4; striae on disc thin and sharp, interstriae flat, shining. Hind femora moderately incrassated, mesoventral margin with minute preapical tooth; hind tibia strongly widened apically, with mucro shorter than width of first tarsomere; lateral denticle about 2 / 3 mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half the latter. Abdomen with ventrite 5 deeply emarginated, ventrite 4 very short medially, ventrite 1 with a small round spot of erect setae at basal 0.4 of segment; last visible abdominal subcircular, only slightly longer than wide, disc with large, partly coalescent punctures. Genitalia (Figs. 13–14). Median lobe moderately stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), ventral valve ogival, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 4 setae; basal one-fourth of internal sac smooth, middle of sac with two rows of about 17 closely packed, slender, thorn-like sclerites, saccus with four slender spines and a pair of lightly sclerotized structures. Basal strut elongated, slender, with inconspicuous keel, lateral lobes shorter than basal strut, cleft to about three-fourths their length; apex of parameres with four long setae and three shorter ones. Female. Similar to male, but antennae shorter, last visible tergite not turned under, reddish brown, with sharp apical bulge surrounded by black, flattened circular area, base of tergite with white triangle; sternite 5 about twice longer than sternite 4. Biology. Larvae were reared from seeds of Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., an East-African species restricted to Somali-Masai woodland (ILDIS, 2014). Discussion. Bruchidius glomeratus is morphologically most similar to B. basilewskyi (Decelle) and B. gerrardiicola n. sp. In B. basilewskyi, the pronotum is more transverse and strongly bulging laterally, its posterior legs are almost entirely black, as is its last visible tergite; the arrangement of large spines in the internal sac (Fig. 15) is quite similar with that of B. glomeratus (Fig. 13), but it lacks the four additional elongated spines in the posterior area. Bruchidius glomeratus can be also separated from B. gerrardiicola by the shape of the black elytral spot (rhomboid in B. glomeratus, subcircular in B. gerrardiicola). It has also close morphological affinities with B. grandemaculatus (Pic), a usually larger species with body colour darker and antenna light brown. Male genitalia of the three species show a very close relationship, with an arrangement of spines that is also met in species with “eyed” female last visible tergite (Anton & Delobel, 2003), particularly in B. elnairensis; male genitalia in B. grandemaculatus are of a quite different type. In female, last visible tergite is less bulging than in B. grandemaculatus, but more than in B. gerrardiicola. Etymology. Past participle (masculine) of Latin verb glomerare, “to group”, referring to the dense longitudinal grouping of spines in the median part of the internal sac. Distribution. Kenya., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 460-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1931) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 58, 34 - 36.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Varaigne-Labeyrie, C. & Labeyrie, V. (1981) First data on Bruchidae which attack the pods of legumes in Upper Volta of which eight species are man consumed. Series Entomologica, 19, 83 - 96.","Anton, K. - W. (2000) Descriptions of four new species of the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 18, 245 - 252.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Delobel, A. (2007) Description of previously reported but hitherto undescribed African Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 18, 687 - 720.","ILDIS (2014) International Legume Database and Information Service. Legume Web. Available from: http: // www. ildis. org (accessed 18 February 2015)"]}

Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K., Kergoat, Gael J. (2015): Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3931 (4): 451-482, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1

Bruchidius tanaensis (Pic) comb. nov. Bruchus tanaensis Pic, 1921 Material examined. Holotype (male) of Bruchus tanaensis: Kenya: " TYPE " [red], " type " [Pic's handwriting], " Tana River / B.E.A.", "G. Babault / juin 1915 " "Genit. ♂ / Br. Pic. 55 (not recovered)" " Bruchus tanaensis Pic " [unidentified handwriting], "Muséum Paris / Coll. M. Pic", " Bruchus / tanaensis Pic " [Decelle's handwriting]; this specimen lacks right elytron and hind femur [MNHN]. Allotype (female): Kenya: " Tana River / B.E.A.", "G. Babault / mai 1915 ", "Muséum Paris / 1930 / Coll. G. Babault", " TYPE " [red], Bruchus / tanaensis / n. sp." [Pic's handwriting], "Muséum Paris / Coll. M. Pic", " Bruchus / tanaensis Pic " [Decelle's handwriting] [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 4 ♂ 12 ♀, Kabarak, 00° 10 ’ 26 ’’S 35 ° 58 ’ 21 ’’E, 1910m, 18.vi. juin 2007, ex Vachellia seyal [1 ♂ 17207, specimen GK 104 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂ 5 ♀, Kapenguria, 01° 18 ’ 44 ’’S 35 ° 13 ’07’’E, 1894m, vii. 2002, ex V. hockii [♂ 0 4203, ♀ 0 2514, specimen GK 357 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Machakos, 01° 13 ’ 13 ’’S 37 ° 26 ’ 24 ’’E, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex V. seyal [2 ♂ 0 8308, 0 2211, specimen GK 385 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 4 ♂ 5 ♀, Masii, 01° 24 ’ 27 ’’S 37 ° 29 ’ 53 ’’E, 1319m, vi. 2002, ex V. hockii [1 ♂ 0 5503, specimen K 213 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; Oltepesi, 01° 32 ’ 30 ’’S 36 ° 33 ’07’’E, 1665m, v. 2002, ex V. nubica [specimen K 313 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; Rongai, 00° 11 ’ 56 ’’S 35 ° 50 ’06’’E, 2104m, ix. 2002, ex Senegalia mellifera mellifera [1 ♂ 14902] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]. Republic of South Africa: 1 ♂, Natal, Weenen (2840 ft), viii–ix. 1823 [1 ♂ 06209] (H.P. Thomasset) [MNHN], 1 ♀, same data but i–ii. 1826, with label “ Bruchus spadiceus / J. Decelle det. 1965 ” (H.P. Thomasset) [MNHN]. A medium-sized (2.7–2.8 mm) species with body short and ovate, integument reddish-brown, antennae (except central segments), fore and middle legs yellowish red. A black spot on frons, antennal segments 7–10 brownishblack, apical segment usually markedly lighter than preceding ones, thoracic sternites partly black. On elytra, posterior 2 / 3 of 1 st and 2 nd interstriae darkened (sometimes dark area extended into an oval spot), humeral callus black. Last visible tergite reddish-brown with disc more or less blackened in females. Vestiture mainly white and yellowish, not completely covering integument, recumbent; on pronotum, a longitudinal strip opposite scutellum, reaching to 1 st third of pronotum length, two very small spots about middle of disc, and sides, white; scutellum white; on elytra, white linear spots on interstriae 3, 5, 7, 9, separated by strips of blackish setae. On remaining interstriae, vestiture mainly yellowish. A black spot on suture between basal third and apical fourth. Upper parts of thoracic sternites with dense white setation. Elytra with shallow protuberance bearing two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4. Ventrite 1 with large basal circular area of thin, semi-erect setae. Female last visible tergite with disc black, slightly heart-shaped, about as long as wide, strongly convex medially in apical 2 / 3. Genitalia (Figs. 23–24). Median lobe moderately stout (w/l = 0.17); ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing numerous sensilla and on each side a row of 3 to 4 setae; hinge sclerites large, subrectangular to subtriangular, strongly sclerotized; internal sac proximally with a few sensilla, saccus densely lined with setae and spicules and a group of small translucent spines. Basal strut without keel. Lateral lobes cleft to about two thirds of their length; apex of parameres with numerous long setae. In female, vagina long and membranous, no sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Material from Kenya was reared from seeds of several species of Mimosoideae: Senegalia mellifera mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger, V. hockii, V. nubica (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. seyal. Discussion. The genitalia of the male holotype are presumed lost. The identity of types is assumed mainly on the basis of antennal color, with segments 7–10 markedly blackened as in specimens listed here, strongly sclerotized hinge sclerites, and saccus with moderately strong spines. Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo (Decelle 1951, 1958), Kenya, and Republic of South Africa., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 472-473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1921) Insectes coleopteres. Rhipidocerides, helodides, malacodermes divers, dermestides, bruchides, monommides, heteromeres, hilophilides et anthicides. In: Babault, G. (Ed.), Voyage de M. Guy Babault dans l'Afrique Orientale Anglaise. Resultats scientifiques, Paris, pp. 1 - 32.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Decelle, J. (1958) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Deuxieme note). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58, 75 - 84."]}

Conicofrontia sesamoides Hampson, 1902 (Figs. 2 e��� 2 h, 3 d, 3 h, 3 l, 4 d) Conicofrontia sesamoides Hampson, 1902: 296. Conicofrontia sesamiodes (ex errore) Hampson, 1910: 338 (recte sesamoides in Tams & Bowden, 1953: 651). Type material. Holotype (female) of Conicofrontia sesamoides: South Africa: Eastern Cape formerly Cape Colony, Transkei, no locality name, no collection date, Agrotidae genitalia slide 1212, 1947- 345 [BMNH]. Other material: South Africa: 1 ♂, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, xii. 1909 [Agrotidae genitalia slide 1214] (G.F. Leigh, Coll.) [BMNH]; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Karkloof River, 29 �� 13.416 ���S, 30 �� 21.456 ���E, 1128m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in Miscanthus capensis (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Karkloof Forest, 29 �� 16.282 ���S, 30 �� 21.381 ���E, 12913m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in M. capensis, [1 ♀ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 302] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Schevers Farm, 29 �� 10.448 ���S, 30 �� 21.243 ���E, 1053m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in M. capensis (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Oak Hotel, 29 �� 49.182 ���S, 30 �� 10.414 ���E, 1069m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in M. capensis [1 ♂ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 306] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Minerva Game Reserve, 29 �� 47.275 ���S, 30 �� 11.172 ���E, 1584m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in M. capensis [1 ♂ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G642, 1♀ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 305] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♀, Eastern Cape, Slykraal, 33 �� 22.185 ���S, 26 �� 28.585 ���E, 348m a.s.l., xi. 2009, ex larvae in M. capensis [1 ♀ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 307] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]. Redescription. The female holotype (Hampson 1902) and the male have been poorly described. Like for other Conicofrontia spp., the general shape of the female���s forewing is more elongated at the apex than that of the male. Additions to the previous descriptions (Figs. 2 e��� 2 h): antennae ochreous, filiform in female, serrate in male, cilia short, fasciculate, flagellum adorned dorsally with brown scales, palpus ochreous. Head and front of thorax ochreous brown, tegulae bisque, legs brown ringed with bisque, abdomen bisque suffused with brown scales. Forewing: male: a longitudinal dark brown fascia from the base along the lower margin of the cell partly within the cell, partly without, extending to just before the termen; the cell bisque, all other areas (costa, apex, termen and inner margin) bisque suffused with brown scales; a small subterminal black spot on vein 5, a postmedial row of 3���4 black spots between the veins, all veins towards the apex adorned with bisque scales. Fringe bisque adorned successively with a narrow basal grey line, a thick bisque line and a thick brown line. Hindwing; grey strongly suffused with brown scales; fringe bisque with a thick wide basal line highlighted in the middle with a narrow brown line. Underside of the forewing buff, costa, apex and inner margin bisque suffused with brown scales, less suffusion in the inner margin. Underside of hindwing bisque suffused with brown scales but more densely on costa and apex. The wing pattern of the female is very similar but all colours brighter. Wingspan 24���27 mm (males) (n = 9); 26���30 mm (females) (n = 9). Male (27 - 24 - 24-25 - 25-27 - 25 - 25-26), Female (29-30 - 28 - 27-29 - 26-29 - 30 - 25) Male genitalia (Figs. 3 d, 3 h). Uncus long and wide, tapering to a fine point and tufted with long hair on the upperside; tegumen with medium-size rounded peniculi, vinculum with medium-size triangular saccus; valves elongate and narrow; cucullus elongate, rounded at apex and tufted with medium size hairs; sacculus with an heavily sclerotized and dentate clavus pointed to the apex, all dents with the same size; the presence of a sclerotized and heavily dentate plate across the upper edge of the sacculus, costal margin with a small sclerotized ridge-like expansion roundly pointed and slightly curved inwardly; the juxta plate-like narrowing at the tip. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, manica with a two-lobed sclerotization, less than one fifth length of the aedeagus, ending in a spinose tip; vesica with two small dentate ventral cornuti, less than one sixth length of the aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 3 l). Corpus bursae long and cylindrical with one signa; ductus seminalis from the basal part of the bursa; ductus bursae short, broad and strongly sclerotized on the ostium side; ventral plate of ostium bursae sclerotized bilobate deeply invaginated at middle, thus forming an oval-shaped ventral wall of antrum; dorsal plate large, broad, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes short and wide (2.5 times longer than wide) with many stout bristles in addition to the small setae and an apical crest of short stout bristles. Larvae L 5 instar (Fig. 4 d): length, 30���35mm, width, 3.5 mm; head smooth, red brown, prothoracic shield orange brown; body with ground colour buff, dorsally suffused with pink, pinacula and caudal plate orange brown. Young larvae are very similar in appearance to mature ones. Bionomics. Conicofrontia sesamoides is a markedly hygrophilous species inhabiting grasses along banks of streams, rivers and marshes. Larvae were collected at the bottom of young stems Miscanthus capensis stems, always solitary. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by C. sesamoides larvae have a curled, brown, central leaf. Damaged stems had a small hole (ca. 2 mm diameter) located approximately 10 cm from ground level. We suspect that the larvae disperse when they reach the fourth instar. No pupae were found in stems, and therefore borers probably pupate in the soil. Infestation of sugar cane fields, Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus, was also recently observed in the Republic of South Africa by Bruno Le Ru (Y. Assefa. pers. com.). Distribution. Republic of South Africa. The ten records are from Afromontane (Mosaic no 19) and Afromontane related (Mosaic n�� 20, 24, 48) vegetation mosaics (White 1983) (Fig. 6). Remarks. Easily separated from other Conicofrontia species with the long juxta plate-like, dentate clavus pointed to the apex and the ventral plate of ostium bursae sclerotized bilobate deeply invaginated at middle, thus forming an oval-shaped ventral wall of antrum., Published as part of Ru, Bruno Le, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Conlong, Desmond, Pallangyo, Beatrice, Berg, Johnnie Van Den, Ong'Amo, George & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, A revision of the genus Conicofrontia Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), with description of a new species: new insights from morphological, ecological and molecular data in Zootaxa 3925 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/237179, {"references":["Hampson, G. F (1902) The moths of South Africa (Part II). Annals of the South African Museum, 2, 255 - 446.","Hampson, G. F. (1910) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). IX. Noctuidae. Taylor and Francis, London, 552 pp.","Tams, W. H. T. & Bowden, J. (1953) A revision of the African species of Sesamia Guenee and related genera (Agrotidae- Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 645 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300026717","White, F. (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research, 20, 1 - 356."]}

Bruchidius meridionalis Anton & Delobel, 2003 Bruchidius meridionalis Anton & Delobel, 2003: 174 Material examined. Kenya: 13 ♂, 18 ♀, Mogotio, 00��05��� 29 ������S 35 �� 56 ���06������E, 1686m, 18.vi. 2007, ex Vachellia gerrardii [1 ♂ 17397, specimen GK 112 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of South Africa, Rwanda and Zambia. A small (1.8���2.7 mm), yellowish to reddish-brown species with darker and paler spots in elytral interstriae; elytra with double-toothed protuberance at base of interstriae 3���4; in male, a large pear-shaped area with short erect setae in basal angle of first ventrite; in female, last visible tergite with a pair of flat, unmargined, micropunctate foveae. Genitalia [see Figs. 19���23, p. 176 in Anton & Delobel 2003]: Median lobe moderately elongated (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), basal hood little widened; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with two lateral groups of 3���5 setae each; no hinge sclerite; internal sac densely lined with thin spines of various sizes; its median area with two rows of 10���17 denticles having point as long as base; gonopore wide, sclerotized; tegminal strut narrow, with obsolete keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 4 / 5 their length; apex not modified, bearing 8���11 setae; in female, vagina long and membranous, a dorsal ovoid dentate sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia gerrardii, V. sieberiana and other unidentified Vachellia species. Discussion. Bruchidius meridionalis can be distinguished from the morphologically closely related B. centromaculatus by having a wider eye separation, protuberances always present at base of elytra, smaller teeth at base of elytral striae 2���4, shorter median lobe, lower number of denticles in internal sac, basal denticles as large as remaining ones, and smaller ratio of base to point of denticles. Distribution. Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Anton & Delobel 2003), Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Rwanda, and Zambia., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190."]}

Bruchidius raddianae Anton & Delobel, 2003 Bruchidius sahelicus Decelle, 1979 (nomen nudum) Bruchidius raddianae Anton & Delobel, 2003: 178 Material examined. Egypt: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Ras Mohamed, 25.iv. 2001, ex Vachellia tortilis raddiana [1 ♀ 02301] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, A��n Sukna, 15.vi. 2001, ex V. t. raddiana [2 ♂ 0 3701, 00503] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Karhur Tall, 7.ii. 2003, ex V. ehrenbergiana [1 ♀ 02203] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Assuan, 3.vii. 2002, ex V. tortilis (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]. Iran: 1 ♂, Bushehr, ex V. farnesiana [1 ♂ 0 0 611, specimen GK 335 used for DNA extraction] (L. Abbaszadeh) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bushehr, 30.v. 2012, ex Hydnocarpus sp. [1 ♂ 05713] (N. Farrar) [CBAD]. Israel: 1 ♂, Negev, vi. 1996, ex V. t. raddiana [specimen Bd 11 used for DNA extraction] (D. Ward) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Bitaron, vi. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana (K. Or.) [CBAD]; 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Wadi Saif, vii. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana, (K. Or.) [CBAD]. Morocco: 1 ♀, Vall��e du Agdz, 24.v. 2003 (A. Jaeger) [CBAD]. Senegal: 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Khatali, 29.iv. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [4 ♂ 11295, 12602, 12702, 12802, 2 ♀ 11695, 12695] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; Dahra, v. 1998, ex V. t. raddiana [2 ♀ 0 2700, 02800] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bok�� Namadi, 30.i. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana [specimen R 11 used for DNA extraction] (M. Semb��ne) [CBGP]. United Arab Republic: 1 ♂, Wadi Safad, 31.i.��� 21.ii. 2006, light trap [1 ♂ 05308] (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Maidaq, 21.xii. 2005 ��� 2.iii. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 2 ♀, same data, 14���25.i. 2006 (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Al-Ajban, 22.x.��� 9.xi. 2005, Malaise trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 27.v.��� 26.vi. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Khor-Al-Kwair, 24.iv.��� 2.v. 2007, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Hatta, 4.��� 11.iv. 2006, light trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Mahafiz, 19���26.iv. 2006, water trap (A. Van Harten) [CBAD]. Other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Algeria, Burkina- Faso, India, Jordan, Lybia, Mali, Niger, Oman, Sri Lanka, Sudan and Tunisia. A small to medium-sized (1.4���2.7 mm) species, from light yellowish to checkered with blackish and whitish spots, elytra with double-toothed protuberance at base of striae 3���4, and a sharp isolated tooth at stria 2. Other distinctive morphological traits: in male, a large circular spot of short erect setae in basal angle of first ventrite; last visible tergite of female with pair of small foveae with shiny margin. Genitalia [see Figs. 25���28, p. 189 in Anton & Delobel 2003]: Internal sac entirely lined with small broad or slim based spines, and 3���6 large denticles with base as long as point; lateral lobes separated to about 80 % their length; tegminal strut with very small carina. In female, vagina long, no dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia farnesiana, V. flava, V. gerrardii negevensis (Zohary) Ragup. et al., V. hockii, V. nilotica tomentosa, V. seyal, V. tortilis, V. tortilis raddiana, and an unidentified species of Hydnocarpus (Achariaceae). Dichrostachys cinerea, Senegalia senegal and V. sieberiana are other possible hosts. Distribution. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen (Anton & Delobel 2003)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 470-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330."]}

Ru, Bruno Le, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Conlong, Desmond, Pallangyo, Beatrice, Berg, Johnnie Van Den, Ong'Amo, George, Kergoat, Gael J. (2015): A revision of the genus Conicofrontia Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), with description of a new species: new insights from morphological, ecological and molecular data. Zootaxa 3925 (1), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.4

Conicofrontia diamesa (Hampson, 1920) (Figs. 1 e��� 1 h, 3 b, 3 f, 3 j, 4 b) Arenostola diamesa Hampson, 1920: 257. Conicofrontia diamesa (Hampson): Tams & Bowden, 1953: 652. Material examined. Holotype (male) of Arenostola diamesa: Republic of South Africa: Zululand, Eshowe, xii 1916, Agrotidae genitalia slide 1292, E.E. Platt Coll. [BMNH]. Other material: Republic of South Africa: 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Eston, 29 �� 55.102 ���S, 30 �� 37.222 ���E, 673m a.s.l., 02.ii. 2009, ex larva (in stem of Cymbopogon sp.) [2 ♂ gen. prep LERU Bruno/G 300 -G643, 2♀ gen. prep LERU Bruno/G 55 -G 301] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]. Redescription. The male holotype was poorly described by Hampson (1920). The male looks very similar to the female, however the general shape of the female���s forewing is more elongated at the apex. Additions to the previous descriptions (Figs. 1 e��� 1 h): antennae ochreous, filiform in female, serrate in male, cilia short, fasciculate, flagellum adorned dorsally with brown scales, palpus brown, eyes red brown. Head and front of thorax ochreous brown, tegulae bisque, legs brown ringed with bisque, abdomen brown ochreous, anal tuft ochreous. Forewing: a longitudinal brown fascia suffused with fuscous scales from the base along the lower margin of the cell partly within the cell, partly without, extending to just before the termen; the cell, costa, apex, termen and inner margin bisque with areas between veins suffused with fuscous scales in apex and termen; 2���3 small black spots along the upper margin of the cell, sometimes one additional black spot in front of the cell. Fringe bright ochreous or bisque adorned successively from the base with a narrow basal brown line, a thick bisque line and a thick brown line. Hindwing; grey bistre strongly suffused with brown scales; fringe bistre with a narrow grey bistre line at the base. Underside of the forewing bistre suffused with brown and fuscous scales on the costa and apex, strongly suffused with brown scales from the cell to the termen, less suffusion in the inner margin. Underside of hindwing grey uniformly suffused with brown and fuscous scales but more densely on costa and apex; veins of both forewing and hindwing adorned with fuscous scales. Wingspan 24���27 mm (males) (n = 6); 26���28 mm (females) (n = 6). Male (27, 26, 25, 25, 24, 26), Female (27, 28, 26, 26, 27, 27) Male genitalia (Figs. 3 b, 3 f). Uncus long and wide, tapering to a fine point and tufted with long hair on the upperside; tegumen with medium-size rounded peniculi, vinculum with medium-size triangular saccus; valves elongate and narrow, cucullus elongate, rounded at apex and tufted with medium size hairs; sacculus with an heavily sclerotized and dentate clavus, dents larger at both ends; the presence of a sclerotized and heavily dentate plate across the upper edge of the sacculus, costal margin with a small sclerotized ridge-like expansion roundly pointed and slightly curved inwardly; the juxta plate like, short and becoming smaller towards the top. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, manica with a two-lobed sclerotization, less than one fifth length of the aedeagus, ending in a spinose tip; vesica with two strongly dentate ventral cornuti, almost one third length of the aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 3 j). Corpus bursae long and cylindrical with one signa; ductus seminalis from the basal part of the bursa; ductus bursae broad and strongly sclerotized on the ostium side; ventral plate of ostium bursae sclerotized bilobate deeply invaginated at middle, thus forming a circular-shaped ventral wall of antrum; dorsal plate large, broad, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes short and wide (1.5 times longer than wide) with many stout bristles in addition to the small setae and an apical crest of short stout bristles. Larvae L 5 instar (Fig. 4 b): length, 30���35mm, width, 3.5 mm; head smooth, orange brown, prothoracic shield yellow orange; body with ground colour buff, dorsally suffused with pink, pinacula pale yellow and caudal plate brown. Young larvae are very similar in appearance to mature ones. Bionomics. Conicofrontia diamesa is a hygrophilous species inhabiting grasses along banks of streams, rivers and marshes. Larvae were collected at the bottom of young stems of Cymbopogon sp. stems, always solitary. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by C. diamesa larvae have a curled, brown, central leaf. Damaged stems had a small hole (ca. 2 mm diameter) located approximately 10 cm from ground level. We suspect that the larvae disperse when they reach the fourth instar. No pupae were found in stems, and therefore borers probably pupate in the soil. Distribution. South Africa. The two records are from Afromontane (Mosaic no 19) vegetation mosaic (White 1983) (Fig. 6). Remarks. Easily separated from other Conicofrontia species with the short juxta plate-like, the dentate clavus with dents larger at both ends, the two strong dentate ventral cornuti of the vesica and the ventral plate of ostium bursae, sclerotized bilobate, deeply invaginated at middle, thus forming a circular-shaped ventral wall of antrum., Published as part of Ru, Bruno Le, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Conlong, Desmond, Pallangyo, Beatrice, Berg, Johnnie Van Den, Ong'Amo, George & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, A revision of the genus Conicofrontia Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), with description of a new species: new insights from morphological, ecological and molecular data in Zootaxa 3925 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/237179, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1920) On new genera and species of Lepidoptera Phalaenae, with the characters of two new families. Novitates Zoologicae, 26, 253 - 282.","Tams, W. H. T. & Bowden, J. (1953) A revision of the African species of Sesamia Guenee and related genera (Agrotidae- Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 645 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300026717","White, F. (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research, 20, 1 - 356."]}

Conicofrontia bipartita (Hampson, 1910) Le Ru, comb. nov., stat. rev. (Figs. 1 a��� 1 d, 3 a, 3 e, 3 i, 4 a) Phragmatiphila bipartita Hampson, 1910: 272 Conicofrontia sesamoides: Tams & Bowden, 1953: 651 Material examined. Holotype (female) of Phragmatiphila bipartita: Republic of South Africa: E. Transvaal, White River, xii 1906, Agrotidae genitalia slide 1271, A.T. Cooke Coll., 1906 - 314 [BMNH]. Other material: Republic of South Africa: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kwazulu-Natal, Karkloof, 29 �� 16.282 ���S, 30 �� 21.381 ���E, 1291m asl, 08.ii. 2007, ex larva (in stem of Miscanthus capensis (Nees) Andersson) [1 ♂ gen. prep LERU Bruno/ G504, 1♀ gen. prep LERU Bruno/ 304] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]. Redescription. The female holotype was poorly described by Hampson (1910). The male is described here for the first time; externally it looks very similar to the female, however the general shape of the female���s forewing is more elongated at the apex than that of the male. Additions to the previous descriptions (Figs. 1 a��� 1 d): antennae ochreous, filiform in female, serrate in male, cilia short, fasciculate, flagellum adorned dorsally with brown scales, palpus brown. Head and front of thorax ochreous brown, tegulae bright ochreous, legs brown ochreous, abdomen greyish ochreous. Forewing: a longitudinal dark brown fascia from the base along the lower margin of the cell partly within the cell, partly without, extending to just before the termen; the cell ochreous, all other areas (costa, apex, termen and inner margin) ochreous suffused with brown scales; A small subterminal black spot on vein 5, all veins towards the apex adorned with ochreous scales. Fringe ochreous adorned successively with a narrow basal black line, a narrow ochreous line and a thick light brown line. Hindwing; grey strongly tinged with brown veins suffused with brown scales; fringe grey with a narrow basal grey-white line highlighted at the base with a narrow brown line. Underside of the forewing uniformly ochreous; slightly suffused with brown scales on the costa and apex, strongly suffused with brown scales from the cell to the termen, less suffusion in the inner margin. Underside of hindwing ochreous uniformly suffused with brown scales but more densely on costa and apex; veins of both forewing and hindwing adorned with ochreous scales. Wingspan 35 mm (1 male), 34 mm (1 female). Male genitalia (Figs. 3 a, 3 e). Uncus long and wide, tapering to a fine point and tufted with long hair on the upperside; tegumen with medium-size rounded peniculi, vinculum with medium-size triangular saccus; valves elongate and narrow; cucullus elongate, rounded at apex and tufted with medium size hairs; sacculus with an heavily sclerotized and dentate clavus, all dents with the same size; the presence of a sclerotized and slightly dentate plate, pear shaped, across the upper edge of the sacculus, costal margin with a small sclerotized ridge-like expansion roundly pointed and slightly curved inwardly; the juxta oblong, elongated pear-shaped without sclerotization with a long and narrow neck shortly bifid. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, manica with a two-lobed sclerotization, less than one fifth length of the aedeagus, ending in a Spinoza tip; vesica with two ventral cornuti slightly dented, one-quarter length of the aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 3 i). Unfortunately the bursa copulatrix can not be described as it has been spoiled during the genitalia preparation; ductus bursae broad and strongly sclerotized on the ostium side; ventral plate of ostium bursae sclerotized bilobate with small lobes funnel-shaped; dorsal plate large, broad, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes relatively long and narrow (2.5 times longer than wide) with many stout bristles in addition to the small setae and an apical crest of short stout bristles. Larvae L 5 instar (Fig. 4 a): length, 35���40mm, width, 4.0 mm; head smooth, orange brown, prothoracic shield pale yellow; body with ground colour buff, dorsally suffused with pink, pinacula pale yellow and caudal plate brown. Young larvae are very similar in appearance to mature ones. Conicofrontia bipartita: 1 a���male upper side, 1 b���male under side, 1 c���female upper side, 1 d���female under side. Conicofrontia diamesa: 1 e���male upper side, 1 f���male under side, 1 g���female upper side, 1 h���female under side. Conicofrontia lilomwa: 2 a���male upper side, 2 b���male under side, 2 c���female upper side, 2 d���female under side. Conicofrontia sesamoides: 2 e���male upper side, 2 f���male under side, 2 g���female upper side, 2 h���female under side. Conicofrontia diamesa: 3 b���male genitalia, 3 f���male penis, 3 j���female genitalia. Conicofrontia lilomwa: 3 c���male genitalia, 3 g���male penis, 3 k���female genitalia. Conicofrontia sesamoides: 3 d���male genitalia, 3 h���male penis, 3 l���female genitalia. Conicofrontia bipartita: 4 a; Conicofrontia diamesa: 4 b; Conicofrontia lilomwa: 4 c; Conicofrontia sesamoides: 4 d. Bionomics. Conicofrontia bipartita is a markedly hygrophilous species inhabiting grasses along banks of streams, rivers and marshes. Second and third instar larvae were collected at the bottom of Miscanthus capensis inflorescence stems, always gregarious. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by C. bipartita larvae have a dry, brown inflorescence. We suspect that the larvae disperse when they reach the fourth instar. No pupae were found in stems, and therefore borers probably pupate in the soil. Distribution. South Africa. The two records are from Afromontane (Mosaic no 19) vegetation mosaic (White 1983) (Fig. 6). Remarks. Easily separated from C. sesamoides with which it has been confused by Tams & Bowden (1953). The juxta is plate-like in C. sesamoides while it is pear-shaped in C. bipartita, with the valves broader at basal half in C. bipartita compared to C. sesamoides and the clavus much more elongated toward the apex in C. sesamoides., Published as part of Ru, Bruno Le, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Conlong, Desmond, Pallangyo, Beatrice, Berg, Johnnie Van Den, Ong'Amo, George & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, A revision of the genus Conicofrontia Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), with description of a new species: new insights from morphological, ecological and molecular data in Zootaxa 3925 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/237179, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1910) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). IX. Noctuidae. Taylor and Francis, London, 552 pp.","Tams, W. H. T. & Bowden, J. (1953) A revision of the African species of Sesamia Guenee and related genera (Agrotidae- Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 645 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300026717","White, F. (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research, 20, 1 - 356."]}

Conicofrontia lilomwa Le Ru, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 a��� 2 d, 3 c, 3g, 3 k, 4 b) Type material. Holotype (male) of Conicofrontia lilomwa: Tanzania: Iringa region, Njombe, Lilomwi, 09�� 36.203 ���S, 35 �� 10.875 ���E, 1555 m a.s.l., i. 2012, ex light trap [gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 88] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]. Paratypes: Tanzania: 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Iringa region, Njombe, Iboya, 09�� 25.541 ���S, 35 ��03.690���E, 1664 m a.s.l., iv. 2014, ex light trap [1 ♂ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G76, 2♀ gen. prep. LERU Bruno/G 682 -G 707] (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♀, Iringa region, Njombe, Lilomwi, 09�� 36.203 ���S, 35 �� 10.875 ���E, 1555m a.s.l., iii. 2008, ex larvae in stem of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 5 ♂, same data as holotype (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, Iringa region, Njombe, Igosi, 09�� 18.443 ���S, 34 �� 29.132 ���E, 2119m a.s.l., i. 2012, ex light trap (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]; 1 ♂, Iringa region, Sao Hill, 08�� 27.421 ���S, 35 �� 10.036 ���E, 1845m a.s.l., i. 2012, ex light trap (B. Le Ru, leg.) [MNHN]. Description. The male looks brighter the female, and the general shape of the female���s forewing is more elongated at the apex than that of the male (Figs. 2 a��� 2 d). Antennae ochreous, filiform in female, serrate in male, cilia short, fasciculate, flagellum adorned dorsally with brown scales, palpus brown. Male: head and front of thorax ochreous, tegulae bright ochreous legs brown, abdomen grey ochreous. Forewing: a longitudinal brown fascia from the base along the lower margin of the cell partly within the cell, partly without, extending to just before the termen; the cell bistre, all other areas (costa, apex, termen and inner margin) ochreous suffused with fuscous and bistre scales; a small subterminal black spot on vein 5, a postmedial row of 3���4 black spots between the veins, all veins towards the apex adorned with bistre scales. Fringe bistre adorned with a narrow basal brown line. Hindwing; grey strongly suffused with brown scales; fringe bistre with a narrow basal brown line. Underside of the forewing uniformly brown chocolate, all veins adorned with ochreous scales. Underside of hindwing, grey uniformly suffused with brown scales but more densely on costa and apex; veins adorned with ochreous scales. Female: head and front of thorax brown chocolate, tegulae ochreous, legs brown, abdomen grey ochreous. Forewing: a longitudinal brown fascia from the base along the lower margin of the cell partly within the cell, partly without, extending to just before the termen; the cell dark ochreous, all other areas (costa, apex, termen and inner margin) dark ochreous suffused with brown scales; a small subterminal black spot on vein 5, a postmedial row of 3���4 black spots between the veins, all veins towards the apex adorned with ochreous scales. Fringe ochreous adorned with a narrow basal brown line. Hindwing; grey strongly suffused with brown scales; fringe grey ochreous with a narrow basal brown line. Underside of the forewing grey ochreous strongly suffused with brown scales, all veins adorned with ochreous scales. Underside of hindwing, grey uniformly suffused with brown scales but more densely on costa and apex; veins adorned with brown scales. Wingspan 24���26 mm (males) (n = 10); 25���29 mm (females) (n = 9). Male (24-26 - 25 - 24 - 24 - 24-26 - 26 - 26 - 25), Female (25 - 25-27 - 27-28 - 27-29 - 29 - 25) Male genitalia (Figs. 3 c, 3g). Uncus long and wide, tapering to a fine point and tufted with long hair on the upperside; tegumen with medium-size rounded peniculi, vinculum with medium-size triangular saccus; valves elongate and narrow, cucullus elongate, rounded at apex and tufted with medium size hairs; sacculus with a small sclerotized clavus without dent; the presence of a sclerotized and pear shaped plate across the upper edge, costal margin with a small sclerotized ridge-like expansion roundly pointed and slightly curved inwardly; the juxta short and pear-shaped. Aedeagus short, slightly curved, manica with a two-lobed sclerotization, less than one fifth length of the aedeagus, ending in a spinose tip; vesica with two dentate ventral cornuti, almost one fifth length of the aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 3 k). Corpus bursae long and cylindrical with one signa; ductus seminalis from the basal part of the bursa; ductus bursae broad and strongly sclerotized on the ostium side; ventral plate of ostium bursae sclerotized bilobate with medium size lobes bean shaped; dorsal plate large, broad, weakly sclerotized. Ovipositor lobes short and wide (2 times longer than wide) with many stout bristles in addition to the small setae and an apical crest of short stout bristles. Larvae L 5 instar (Fig. 4 c): length, 30���35 mm, width, 3.5 mm; head smooth, black, prothoracic shield dark brown; body with ground colour buff, dorsally suffused with pink, pinacula and caudal plate black. Young larvae are very similar in appearance to mature ones. Etymology. Named after the village of Lilomwa in Tanzania. Bionomics. Conicofrontia lilomwa is a markedly hygrophilous species inhabiting grasses along banks of streams, rivers and marshes. Larvae were collected at the bottom of young stems of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. Typically, plants exhibiting signs of infestation by C. lilomwa larvae have a curled, brown, central leaf. We suspect that the larvae disperse when they reach the fourth instar. No pupae were found in stems, and therefore borers probably pupate in the soil. Distribution. Tanzania. The four recorded localities are from Afromontane (Mosaic no 19) vegetation mosaic (White 1983) (Fig. 6). Remarks. Easily separated from other Conicofrontia specie s with the short juxta pear shaped, the small clavus without dent, and the ventral plate of ostium bursae, sclerotized bilobate bean-shaped., Published as part of Ru, Bruno Le, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Conlong, Desmond, Pallangyo, Beatrice, Berg, Johnnie Van Den, Ong'Amo, George & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, A revision of the genus Conicofrontia Hampson (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina), with description of a new species: new insights from morphological, ecological and molecular data in Zootaxa 3925 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/237179, {"references":["White, F. (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Natural Resources Research, 20, 1 - 356."]}

Bruchidius aurivillii (Blanc, 1889) Bruchus mimus Gyllenhal, 1833: 43 (preoccupied) Mylabris aurivillii Blanc, 1889: 42 Bruchidius aurivillii (Blanc): Schilsky, 1905: 36 Bruchus senegalensis Pic, 1912: Anton, 2010: 341 Material examined. Type (male) of Mylabris aurivillii: Tunisia: ���Bled Thala / ex Acacia tortilis (Bonnet) / ��clos en aout���, ��� Type ���, ���M. / aurivillii / E. Blanc / types ��� ���Museum Paris / 1922 / Coll. L. Bedel���, ��� lectotype / J. Decelle des., 1972 ���; paratypes: 2 ♂, 6 ♀, same data as lectotype [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Nguruman, 01�� 45 ��� 50 ������S, 36 �� 3 ��� 59 ������E, 712m, vi. 2002, ex Vachellia tortilis spirocarpa [2 ♂ 11202, 14802, specimen Sp 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, 5 ♀, Magadi, 01�� 52 ��� 25 ������S, 36 �� 18 ��� 20 ������E, 666m, 19.i. 2013, ex V. t. raddiana (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Marigat, 00�� 25 ��� 56 ������N, 35 �� 57 ��� 42 ������E, 1152m, 17.v. 2007, ex V. tortilis, [specimen GK 95 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP]. Senegal: 1 ♂, Fleuve, Bok�� Namadi, 30.i. 1999, ex. V. tortilis [specimen Ac 11 used for DNA extraction] (M. Semb��ne) [CBGP]; 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Khatali (between Dara and D��ali), 29.iv. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [1 ♂ 11595, 3♀ 12895, 12995, 13095] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Ndiengue Diaw, 16.iii. 1996, ex V. t. raddiana (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 21 km N. D��ali, 25.iii. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, Rao, 20.v. 1995, ex V. t. raddiana [3 ♂ 10995, 11095, 11195] (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Lamsar, 16.iii. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]. A medium-sized (2.1 ���3.0 mm) species with yellowish to reddish brown integument and various darker areas, antennae and 4 anterior legs light testaceous, posterior legs slightly darker. Vestiture generally pale, with more or less extended brown patches: pronotum mostly brown, with median longitudinal line and basal lobes, white or yellowish; usually elytra with three irregular transversal rows of dots and apex, often more or less extended circular or rhomboid sutural spot, brown; last visible tergite light coloured, with base and median line more densely setose, and often a brown elongated spot on each side. Other major morphological traits are as follows: two minute teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; last visible tergite of female moderately bulging in apical one-third, without foveae; base of ventrite 1 of male with large patch of short yellowish erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 3���4): median lobe short, stout (w/l = 0.20), apically widened, dorsal valve braced by strongly sclerotized ring, ventral valve acutely subtriangular, with two groups of 5 setae, internal sac lined with transparent tubercles, in proximal part a short dentate sclerite that lays in dorsal position when evaginated, followed by a long sclerite composed of 15���20 fused teeth, and a pair of short lateral teeth; apically a pair of leaf-like, lightly sclerotized plates. Tegminal strut with large carina, parameres short and apically truncated, cleft to 63 % their length and with about 10 setae. Biology. Reared from seeds of Vachellia tortilis, V. t. raddiana and V. t. spirocarpa. Discussion. Bruchidius senegalensis was a replacement name for B. mimus Gyllenhal from Senegal. Subsequently the name senegalensis was erroneously used by authors for several other species (B. centromaculatus, B. cretaceus and B. meridionalis); the identity of B. senegalensis was established by Anton & Delobel (2003). Distribution. Algeria (de Luca 1962), Burkina Faso (Nongonierma 1978), Chad (Hoffman 1965), Kenya, Mali (Nongonierma 1978), Mauritania (Nongonierma 1978), Morocco (de Peyerimhoff 1926), Saudi Arabia (Anton pers. com.), Senegal, Tunisia, and Yemen (Anton pers. com.)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 458-459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Blanc, E. (1889) La description d'une nouvelle espece de Mylabridae (Bruchide) de Tunisie. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 9, 42 - 44.","Gyllenhal, L. (1833) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus primus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 296 pp. [pp. 386 - 681]","Schilsky, J. (1905) Bruchidae. In: Kuster, H. C. & Kraatz, G. (Eds.), Die Kafer Europa's. Nach der Natur beschrieben. Heft 41. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 1 - 100.","Pic, M. (1912) Renseignements generaux sur les bruchides. L'Echange, 28, 68 - 69.","Anton, K. - W. (2010) Bruchinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 339 - 353.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","de Luca, Y. (1962) Contributions aux Bruchides (Col.) d'Algerie. Leurs hotes. Leurs parasites. Leurs stations. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle d'Afrique du Nord, 7, 1 - 115.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Hoffmann, F. (1965) Coleopteres Bruchides et Dermestides recoltes par J. Mateu dans l'Ennedi. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 27 A (1), 196 - 197.","de Peyerimhoff, P. (1926) Notes sur la biologie de quelques Coleopteres phytophages du Nord Africain (quatrieme serie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 95, 319 - 390."]}

Bruchidius uberatus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus uberatus F��hraeus, 1839: 40 Bruchus baudoni Caillol, 1908: 8 (synonymy in Decelle, 1966: 111) Bruchidius baudoni (Caillol): Pic, 1913: 17 Bruchidius uberatus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1966: 110 Material examined. Egypt: 1 ♂ Philae, 8.v. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Bahareya, 21.xii. 2000, ex V. n. tomentosa [1 ♂ 0 0 201, 1♀ 02614] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Bahareya, 19.ii. 2003, ex V. nilotica [1 ♂ 06303] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Maadi, 22.xii. 2000, ex V. n. tomentosa [1 ♂ 01301] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]. Senegal: 1 ♀, Dakar-Hann, 16.xii. 1994, ex Senegalia senegal, (M. Tran) [CBAD]; Richard-Toll, 21.iii. 1999, ex V. n. adansonii [specimen U 41 used for DNA extraction] (M.T. Gueye) [CBGP]; Popenguine, 31.xi. 1994, ex V. nilotica (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, M���Bour, 21.xii. 1994, ex V. nilotica (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; M���Bour, 18.i. 1995, ex V. n. adansonii (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Bandia, 18.i. 1995, ex V. n. (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]; Ross-Bethiot, 20.v. 1995, ex V. n. tomentosa (H. & A. Delobel) [CBAD]. United Arab Emirates: 1 ♂, Hatta, 4-11.iv. 2006, light trap [1 ♂ 03810] (A. van Harten) [CBGP]. A medium to large-sized (2.6���4.7 mm) species, body light to dark brown, antennae and four anterior legs testaceous, often darkened, posterior legs reddish brown; pronotum with dense white setae on basal lobes and two lateral dots; elytra with white elongated spots separated by brown to black intervals in odd interstriae, even interstriae yellowish to largely dark brown; last visible tergite entirely white or with a median line of white setae, dark spots at base and middle, apex largely dark; female usually darker than male. Other distinctive morphological traits are as follows: antenna short, strongly serrate from segment 4 in male; base of interstria 4 bulging, with two wide teeth; first ventrite with small basal patch of erect setae; last visible tergite strongly turned under apically in male; in female antenna shorter, serrate from segment 5, last visible tergite regularly convex except faint bulge beyond middle, often almost bare, shining, without foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 25���26): Median lobe elongated, almost cylindrical (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.14), basal hood moderately widened; ventral valve large, subtriangular, with two lateral groups of 6 setae; no hinge sclerite; basal half of internal sac with 12���16 large thorn-like sclerites with broad base and blunt tip, followed by two median, hooked circular sclerites, then a pair of large thorn-like sclerites; posterior part of internal sac with a cluster of stout spicules; apical third with dense setation, ending in a setose tube; gonopore not sclerotized; basal strut narrow, with large keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 3 / 4 their length; apex straight, bearing about 18 short and long setae. In female, vagina long, entrance of bursa copulatrix with dorsal ovoid sclerite bearing a strong thorn-like spine oriented posteriorly, its surface lined with minute teeth. Biology. Examined material was reared from the seeds of Vachellia nilotica (including V. n. tomentosa and V. n. adansonii) and Senegalia senegal. Also occasionally obtained from seeds of Vachellia flava, V. tortilis, and V. sieberiana in Mali and Senegal (Nongonierma 1978). Discussion. As underlined beforehand B. uberatus is morphologically closely related to B. haladai. Distribution. Angola (Decelle 1975), Burkina Faso (Nongonierma 1978), Egypt, Guinea (Zacher 1936), India (Allard 1895), Ivory Coast (Gillon et al. 1992), Mali, Mauritania (Nongonierma 1978), Namibia (Zacher 1936), Republic of South Africa (Van Tonder 1985), Senegal, Sudan (F��hraeus 1839), and United Arab Emirates., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 473, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus Dom. L. Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, O. J. Fahraeus et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quintus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 970 pp.","Caillol, H. (1908) Catalogue des Coleopteres de Provence, 1 ere partie. Societe Linneenne de Provence, Marseille, 521 pp.","Decelle, J. (1966) La bruche sud-americaine des acacias: Pseudopachymerina spinipes (Erichson). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 102, 109 - 116.","Pic, M. (1913) Coleopteres exotiques en partie nouveaux. L'Echange, 29, 142 - 144.","Nongonierma, A. (1978) Contribution a l'etude biosystematique du genre Acacia Miller en Afrique occidentale. These de Doctorat d'Etat, mention Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, 451 pp.","Decelle, J. (1975) Les Coleopteres Bruchides d'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 89, 15 - 32.","Zacher, F. (1936) Beitrag zur Nahrpflanzenkenntnis der Samenkafer (Col. Bruch. - Lariidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 7, 10 - 13.","Allard, E. (1895) Note sur les Bruchides recueillis dans l'Inde Anglaise, par M. Andrewes, de Londres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 225 - 228.","Gillon, Y., Rasplus, J. - Y. & Boughdad, A. (1992) Utilisation des graines de Legumineuses par un peuplement de Bruchidae et d'Anthribidae en zone de mosaique foret-savane (Lamto: Cote-d'Ivoire). Journal de Zoologie Africaine, 106, 421 - 443.","Van Tonder, S. J. (1985) Annotated records of southern African Bruchidae (Coleoptera) associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophylactica, 17, 143 - 148."]}

Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus, 1839) Bruchus albosparsus F��hraeus, 1839: 52. Bruchus spadiceus F��hraeus, 1839: 54, syn. nov. Bruchus advena Wollaston, 1870: 26 (synonymy in Decelle 1972: 236) Tuberculobruchus albosparsus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1951: 180 Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus): Vayssi��re, 1961: 244 Bruchidius spadiceus (F��hraeus): Decelle, 1972: 236 Material examined. Type (female) of Bruchus albosparsus: Republic of South Africa: ��� Typus ��� ���Terra Caffrorum / Ecklon & Zeyher��� ��� 459 / 64 ��� ��� 111 / 73 ��� [NHRS]; specimen in poor condition, both elytra detached from body, left one glued to abdomen, both posterior legs missing, last abdominal tergite lifted, genitalia missing. Type (female) of Bruchus spadiceus: Republic of South Africa: ��� Typus ��� ���Br: spadiceus / Dej. / Prope b. sp.:Dr��ge��� ��� 464 / 64 ��� ��� 112 / 73 ��� [NHRS]; specimen with last abdominal tergite lifted, genitalia missing, antennae and legs complete. Other material: Democratic Republic of Congo: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Isangi Port, 00�� 46 ��� 52 ������N, 24 �� 16 ��� 25 ������E, 383m, 03.v. 2010, ex acacia seeds [2 ♂ 0 1610, 0 1710, specimen GK 360 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. Kenya: 19 ♂ 31 ♀, Machakos, 01�� 50 ���09������S, 37 �� 26 ��� 24 ������E, 1665m, 23.i. 2008, ex Vachellia seyal seyal seeds [4 ♂ 0 2311, 0 2411, 0 2511, 0 8508, 2♀ 0 3511, 0 3611, specimen GK 397 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 13 ♂, 10 ♀, Nairobi, Icipe Campus, 01�� 13 ��� 13 ������S, 36 �� 53 ��� 38 ������E, 1619m, 11.i. 2008, ex Vachellia xanthophloea seeds [1 ♂ 0 7608, specimens GK 398 and GK 399 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Gilgil, 00�� 23 ��� 45 ������S, 36 �� 18 ��� 45 ������E, 2036m, 29.x. 2007, ex Vachellia gerrardii seeds [1 ♀ 03011] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 12 ♂, 12 ♀, Isinya, 01�� 40 ��� 23 ������S, 36 �� 51 ���07������E, 1827m, ii. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica seeds [2 ♂ 0 3202, 0 3502, specimen Kg 11 =KE06 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Magadi, 01�� 29 ��� 49 ������S, 36 �� 37 ��� 15 ������E, 1748m, 06.i. 2007, ex Vachellia seyal seyal seeds [1 ♂ 0 9307, specimen GK 58 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]. A small to medium-sized (1.7���2.7 mm) species, with a short ovate body, integument of lighter specimens yellowish red with brown markings, darker specimens mostly black, with yellowish red areas. Elytral base darkened, especially in humeral area, elytra with a common black spot beyond middle, not reaching apex, antennae (except central segments darkened in darker specimens), fore and middle legs yellowish red, hind legs reddish brown, with black coxae. Thoracic sternites and ventrites more or less extensively blackened medially. Last visible tergite yellowish red to reddish-brown with disc more or less darkened in female. Vestiture mainly whitish or yellowish, not completely covering integument, recumbent; areas of denser white hair: on pronotum, a longitudinal strip opposite scutellum, reaching to the first third of pronotum length, two very small spots about middle of disc, and sides, white; scutellum white; on elytra, white linear spots on interstriae 3, 5, 7, 9, and at mid-length on intervals 5, 7, 8, 9, separated by strips of blackish setae. On remaining interstriae, setation mainly yellowish. A black spot on suture between basal third and apical fourth. Upper parts of thoracic sternites with dense white setae. Last visible tergite with dense and uniform vestiture of whitish setae. Elytra with shallow protuberance bearing two small teeth at base of striae 3 and 4. Ventrite 1 with large basal circular area of thin, semi-erect setae. Genitalia (Figs. 1���2). Median lobe slender, subcylindrical (w/l = 0.12), ventral valve subtriangular, moderately sclerotized, with acute tip, bearing on each side 2 to 4 (usually 3) setae; hinge sclerites linear, hardly sclerotized, or absent; internal sac proximally with a few sensilla, saccus almost smooth, with only a few minute and translucent spines. Basal strut without keel. Lateral lobes cleft to about half their length; apex of parameres with numerous long setae. Female genital tract without dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix, in some specimens one or a few minute spines are visible under phase contrast. Biology. Material from Kenya was reared from seeds of a number of Mimosoideae: Vachellia gerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter, V. nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb., V. seyal (Del.) P.J.H. Hurter, V. xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter; material from Democratic Republic of Congo from an unidentified species of acacia. Reported in Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton and V. nilotica (as Acacia arabica) seeds in Sudan (Peake 1952). Bruchidius albosparsus was also reported (as B. spadiceus) from V. tortilis tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi in Botswana (Ernst et al. 1989), from V. tortilis spirocarpa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. tortilis tortilis seeds in Israel (Vayssi��re 1961; Halevy, 1974), from S. cinerea (Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. davyi (N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. k a r ro o (Hayne) Banfi & Galasso and V. luederitzii (Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr. in Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe (Van Tonder 1985), and from V. tortilis raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr. and V. tortilis spirocarpa seeds in Tanzania (Lamprey et al. 1974; Pellew & Southgate 1984). Discussion. Color differences between the types of B. spadiceus (body globally lighter, antennae entirely testaceous) and B. albosparsus (body darker, especially underside, antennae slightly darkened medially) fall well within the range of individual variation commonly observed in the genus. Hence the synonymy B. spadiceus = B. albosparsus. Distribution. Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt (Shaumar 1963), Israel, Kenya, Namibia (Zacher 1936), Tanzania, Republic of South Africa, Saint Helena (Wollaston 1870), Sudan, and Zimbabwe., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 456-458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Fahraeus, O. I. (1839) Genera et species curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus Dom. L. Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, O. J. Fahraeus et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quintus. - Pars prima. Roret, Paris, 970 pp.","Wollaston, T. V. (1870) On the Coleoptera of St. Helene. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 18 - 37. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696100","Decelle, J. (1972) La faune terrestre de l'ile Ste Helene. 2. Insectes. 9. Coleoptera. 32. Fam. Bruchidae. Annales du Musee Royal d'Afrique Centrale (8 °, Sc. Zool.), 192, 235 - 237.","Decelle, J. (1951) Contribution a l'etude des Bruchidae du Congo Belge (Col. Phytophaga). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 45, 172 - 192.","Vayssiere, P. (1961) Les bruchides en Israel. Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique appliquee, 8, 236 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3406 / jatba. 1961.6804","Peake, G. C. (1952) On a bruchid seed borer in Acacia arabica Wild. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 317 - 324. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040517","Van Tonder, S. J. (1985) Annotated records of southern African Bruchidae (Coleoptera) associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophylactica, 17, 143 - 148.","Lamprey, H. F., Halevy, G. & Makacha, S. (1974) Interactions between Acacia, bruchid seed beetles and large herbivores. East African Wildlife Journal, 12, 81 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.1974. tb 00109. x","Pellew, R. A. & Southgate, B. J. (1984) The parasitism of Acacia tortilis seeds in the Serengeti. African Journal of Ecology, 22, 73 - 75. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.1984. tb 00679. x","Shaumar, N. F. H. (1963) A monographic revision of the Bruchidae of Egypt (U. A. R.). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique d'Egypte, 47, 141 - 196.","Zacher, F. (1936) Beitrag zur Nahrpflanzenkenntnis der Samenkafer (Col. Bruch. - Lariidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 7, 10 - 13."]}

Bruchidius centromaculatus (Allard, 1868) Bruchus centromaculatus Allard, 1868: 20 Bruchidius centromaculatus Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161 Bruchus lanceolatus Motschulsky, 1874: 211 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Bruchidius sahlbergi Schilsky, 1905:no. 94 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Bruchus albonotatus Pic, 1930: 13 (synonymy in Anton & Delobel, 2003: 161) Material examined. Egypt: 3 ♂, Bahareya, 18.xii. 2002, ex Vachellia nilotica [1 ♂ 0 0 403, specimen Cf 41 used for DNA extraction] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, Bahareya, 3.xii. 2002, ex V. farnesiana [2 ♂ 0 0 703, 00803] (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Giza, 12.xii. 2002, ex Dichrostachys cinerea (G. F��di��re) [CBAD]; Phylae, 23.iii.��� 4.iv. 1993, ex acacia seeds (G. Couturier) [CBAD]. Kenya: 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Mogotio, 1 ��05��� 29 ������S, 35 �� 56 ���06������E, 1686m, 18.vi. 2007, ex V. gerrardii [1 ♂ 0 9507, specimen GK 54 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD, CBGP]; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Suam, 00�� 29 ��� 27 ������N, 35 �� 50 ��� 31 ������E, 1894m, i. 2003, ex V. sieberiana [1 ♂ 03303] (B. Le Ru) [CBAD]. Senegal: 1 ♂, Lamsar, 18.iii. 1999, ex V. t. raddiana [1 ♂ 02600] (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]; Ross-B��thiot, 21.iii. 1999, ex V. nilotica [specimen Cf 41 used for DNA extraction] (M.T. Gueye) [CBAD, CBGP]; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Ngazobil, 2.xii. 1995, ex V. sieberiana [3 ♂ 12495, 13595, 0 2296, 0 0 497, 1♀ 13599] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Ngazobil, 25.i. 1997, ex V. sieberiana [1 ♂ 00297] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; 1 ♂, Nianing, 3.vii. 1999, V. sieberiana (A. & H. Delobel) [CBGP]; 2 ♂, Diagle, 13.i. 1996, ex Senegalia macrostachya [2 ♂ 0 1796, 00297] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD, CBGP]; 1 ♂, Pout, i. 1996, ex S. polyacantha campylacantha [1 ♂ 02796] (A. & H. Delobel) [CBAD]; other material as listed in Anton & Delobel (2003), including specimens from Burkina-Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Israel, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. A medium to large-sized (2.1���3.1 mm) species, from light yellowish to checkered with blackish and whitish spots; elytral intervals 1 and 2 blackened beyond half length, antennae and legs yellowish, apical antennal segments often darker; ventrite 1 with baso-central pear-shaped area with dense, semi-erect thinner setae in male; in female, last visible tergite with pair of oblong, micropunctate foveae that are devoid of shiny margin; Genitalia [see Figs. 1���7, p. 163 in Anton & Delobel 2003]. Internal sac slender (w/l = 0.12), entirely lined with small broad-based spines or slim based spines, and 19 to 44 large denticles with base twice as long as point; lateral lobes separated to about 80 % their length; tegminal strut with very small carina; in female, vagina long and membranous, with dorsal dentate sclerite. Biology. Reared from seeds of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., Senegalia dudgeoni (Craib ex Holland) Kyal. & Boatwr., S. polyacantha campylacantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr., S. macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., V. gerrardii, V. nilotica adstringens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. n. nilotica, V. n. tomentosa (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., V. sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. Boatwr., V. tortilis and V. t. raddiana. Discussion. Bruchidius centromaculatus is morphologically related to B. arabicus and can be distinguished by having broader apical antennal segments, no or only shallow protuberances at base of elytra, apically broader male last visible tergite, paired foveae at apex of female last visible tergite, distinctly lower number of denticles in internal sac, dentate sclerites in bursa copulatrix [see Figs. 1 a���c in Decelle 1979 for habitus and male genitalia of B. arabicus]. Distribution. Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, and Sudan., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwena��lle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (F��hraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on page 459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Allard, E. (1868) Melanges entomologiques. Etude sur le groupe des bruchides d'Europe et du Bassin de la Mediterranee. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 11, 83 - 124.","Anton, K. - W. & Delobel, A. (2003) African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with \" eyed \" female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 159 - 190.","Motschulsky, V. (1874) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de Coleopteres rapportes de ses voyages par feu Victor Motschoulsky. 13 - Article. Bruchides. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 47, 203 - 252.","Schilsky, J. (1905) Bruchidae. In: Kuster, H. C. & Kraatz, G. (Eds.), Die Kafer Europa's. Nach der Natur beschrieben. Heft 41. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 1 - 100.","Pic, M. (1930) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 56, 1 - 36.","Decelle, J. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 318 - 330."]}

Bruchidius grandemaculatus (Pic, 1933) Bruchus grandemaculatus Pic, 1933: 20. Bruchidius grandemaculatus (Pic): Zampetti, 1988: 102. Material examined. Type (male) of Bruchidius grandemaculatus: Kenya: “Lamu I. / Kenya Colony ” “ April–May 1911 / H.J.A. Turner” “Museum Paris / coll. Pic” “ Type ” [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Tsavo, Mackinnon, 3 ° 43 ’ 54 ’’S 39 °02’07’’E, 379m vii. 2001, ex Vachellia nilotica seeds [1 ♂ 0 5501, 2♀ 0 5401, 0 5601, specimen G 11 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 8 ♂, 13 ♀, Kerio 00° 32 ’ 26 ’’N 35 ° 31 ’ 31 ’’E, 1282m, 17.vii. 2007, ex V. tortilis spirocarpa seeds [1 ♂ 09707] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Marigat, 00° 28 ’ 13 ’’N 35 ° 54 ’ 30 ’E, 1265m, 18.vi. 2007, ex Senegalia senegal seeds [1 ♂ 06708] (B. Le Ru) [MNHN]; 3 ♂, Marigat, 00° 20 ’ 49 ’’N 35 ° 56 ’00’’E, 1322m, 17.v. 2007, ex S. senegal seeds (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 10 ♂, 16 ♀, Malindi, 03°08’03’’S 40 °08’05’’E, 33m, 31.xii. 2007, ex V. nilotica seeds [specimen GK 210 used for DNA extraction] (B. Le Ru) [CBGP, MNHN]; 1 ♀, Tsavo (Voi), 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo, 23.iii– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Halada) [OLML]. A medium to large-sized (2.6–4.4 mm) species, body color variable, darker specimens with elytra largely black, with disc brownish, and lighter specimens mostly tawny, with black markings only in apical fourth of elytra; female darker than male, elytra largely black with elongated spots of light setae in interstriae; anterior legs and antennae testaceous, posterior legs reddish brown with base often black; last visible tergite brown, with a median and two lateral lines of white setae. Other distinctive morphological traits: antenna short, submoniliform; elytra with wide protuberance bearing two large blunt teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; ventrite 1 with small basal ovoid area of thin, semi-erect setae; last visible tergite strongly turned under apically in male; in female, with two large and shallow apical impressions surrounding a narrow median bulge. Genitalia (Figs. 16–17). Median lobe elongated, slightly widened apically (w/l = 0.13), basal hood moderately widened; ventral valve small, subtriangular, folded in middle, with two lateral groups of 2–3 setae; basal third of internal sac densely lined with strands of tubercles that are strongly sclerotized anteriorly, and become translucent posteriorly; posterior part of internal sac with various spinules and setae, and a complex structure composed of lightly sclerotized plates with dense setation and a pair of small lateral pockets; gonopore wide, sclerotized; basal strut narrow, with small keel; lateral lobes cleft to about 80 % their length; apex bearing 6 setae. In female, vagina short, no dorsal sclerite at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Examined material was reared from seeds of three Mimosoideae collected in Kenya: Senegalia senegal, Vachellia nilotica and V. tortilis spirocarpa. Discussion. As underlined beforehand, B. grandemaculatus is morphologically similar to B. glomeratus. It differs by is larger size, darker coloration and the color of its antennae. In female, the last visible tergite is also more bulging than in B. glomeratus. Male genitalia of both species are also quite distinctive (see Figs. 16–17 for B. grandemaculatus and Figs. 13–14 for B. glomeratus). Distribution. Burundi (Pic 1933), Democratic Republic of Congo (Pic 1933), Kenya, and Somalia (Zampetti 1988). Bruchidius haladai Delobel, sp. nov. Type material. Holotype (male) of Bruchidius haladai: Kenya: “ Kenya, Malindi / ex Acacia nilotica 33m / S 03°08.054’ E 40 °08.098’ / 31 décembre 2007, B. Le Ru coll.” “Genitalia: lame Delobel 00814” “ Holotype ” “ Bruchidius / haladai sp. nov. / Delobel des., 2014 ” [MNHN]. Paratypes: 8 ♂, 12 ♀, same data as holotype [2 ♂ 0 7809, 0 7909, 1♀ 00410] [MNHN]. Other material: Kenya: 7 ♂, Voi (Tsavo), 11–14.iv. 1997 [1 ♂ 13607, specimen GK 245 used for DNA extraction] (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Tsavo, Voi, 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 [1 ♂ 06909] (M. Halada) [OLML]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tsavo, Voi, 22.xi– 2.xii. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, Voi, 13–17.xii. 1997 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 2 ♀, Voi, 8–18.xi. 1996 (M. Snizek) [OLML]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tsavo, Voi, 23.iii.– 4.iv. 1997 (M. Snizek) [OLML]. Zimbabwe, 1 ♂, 50km NW Chipinge, 25.i. 1998 (M. Halada) [OLML]. Description. Length (pronotum-last visible tergite): 2.9 mm; width: 1.7 mm. Body stout, last visible tergite vertical. Integument dark brown to black, antennomeres 1–4 (5) reddish brown, (5) 6–10 black, 11 reddish brown apically; mouthparts and vertes reddish; anterior legs yellowish brown with femora partly blackened and last 2 or 3 tarsomeres black; posterior legs dark brown to black; base of last visible tergite lighter coloured. Vestiture made of long, moderately dense white, yellowish, brown and black setae; pronotum with black setae anteriorly, disc with diffuse brown spots; basal lobe with long white or yellowish setae; on elytra, black dots arranged in two transversal stripes on interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9; a wide longitudinal stripe along suture (except in basal fourth), on interstriae 1 and 2, and 3 in posterior third; apex black with 4–5 small brown dots; last visible tergite with two dark basal dots and small irregular black areas. Male. Head short, with eyes strongly bulging, maximum head width 1.7 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.17 times head width including eyes; face long and very narrow, with distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 4.1; eye cleft only to middle, width at bottom of sinus composed of 12 ommatidia; carina on frons not defined, interocular tubercle distinct, flattened, dull. Punctuation of face irregular, apex of clypeus straight, alutaceous. Antenna measuring 0.85 times body length; antennal segments 2–3 moniliform, of equal length, together shorter than 4, 5– 10 widened apically, serrate, strongly eccentric, 4 as wide as long, 5–10 much wider than long, 8 1.3 times wider than long, 11 oval (l/w = 2.2). Length of antennomeres: 2.4; 1.0; 1.0; 2.7; 2.8; 2.8; 3.1; 2.9; 3.2; 3.5; 5.1. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, with greatest width at base (w/l = 1.33), its sides bulging near middle, not expanded behind eyes; its surface irregular, with two oblique impressions, on sides of basal lobe and near middle. Disc with punctures strong, coalescent and ocellate. Elytra 1.12 times longer than combined width, their sides convex, maximum width beyond middle; two strong teeth at base of interstria 4. Striae on disc shallow and narrow, with punctures small; interstriae shining, with strong microsculptures and rows of large punctures. Hind femora moderately incrassated, mesoventral margin with strong preapical denticle; hind tibiae apically strongly widened, with dorsomesal and ventral carinae complete, lateral reaching base, and a ventro-lateral carina not reaching apex; apex of tibia with mucro about as long as width of tarsomere 1 at base; lateral denticle about 1 / 3 mucro length, and dorsal denticles about half as long as lateral denticle. First tarsomere ventrally with small denticle. Abdomen with ventrite 5 deeply emarginate; ventrite 1 basally with small patch of white setae. Last visible abdominal tergite subtriangular, 1.1 times longer than wide at base, with apex not turned under, in female without foveae. Genitalia (Figs. 18–19). Median lobe of moderate length, stout (maximum width excluding basal hood/ total length = 0.16), not apically widened; basal hood large and wide, not emarginate; ventral valve acutely triangular, bearing two lateral groups of 5 setae; dorsal valve braced by a wide sclerotized ring; no hinge sclerites; basal part of internal sac with 18 strongly sclerotized spines; saccus lined with minute pointed tubercles, and with two small thorn-like sclerites; distal tube with long, dense needles. Basal strut with large keel; lateral lobes cleft to 80 % their length, pubescent; apex of parameres with about 15 short setae. Female. Similar to male, but antennae shorter, segments 1–4 moniliform, 5–10 more or less darkened, sometimes whole antenna reddish brown. Vagina long and membranous, with a small thorn-like sclerite in dorsal position at entrance of bursa copulatrix. Biology. Reared from Vachellia nilotica seeds. Discussion. Bruchidius haladai compares most closely with B. uberatus, from which it differs mainly in a very distinctive arrangement of large sclerotized teeth in the internal sac (Fig. 18; see Fig. 25 for B. uberatus). Bruchidius uberatus has a wide distribution in Africa (from Mauritania and North Africa to Republic of South Africa and Namibia, also present in the Arabic Peninsula, Iran and India, whereas B. haladai seems restricted to East Africa. A stout median lobe, pointed ventral valve, numerous large spines in the internal sac, basal strut with large dorsal keel, are also met in a species that belong to a phylogenetically distant lineage (Delobel et al. 2013); B. hinnulus (Fåhraeus). Bruchidius haladai however differs from B. hinnulus in the smaller number and larger size of spines in the internal sac. Etymology. Species dedicated to Marek Halada, who collected several specimens in the Tsavo National Park. Distribution. Kenya and Zimbabwe., Published as part of Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le, Genson, Gwenaëlle, Musyoka, Boaz K. & Kergoat, Gael J., 2015, Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 3931 (4) on pages 466-467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/244566, {"references":["Pic, M. (1933) Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, 61, 3 - 36.","Zampetti, M. F. (1988) Notes on bruchids from East Africa Coleoptera, Bruchidae. Fragmenta Entomologica, 21, 101 - 110.","Delobel, A., Anton, K. - W., Le Ru, B. P. & Kergoat, G. J. (2013) Morphology, biology and phylogeny of African seed beetles belonging to the Bruchidius ituriensis species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy, 24, 39 - 63."]}

Bruchidius quadrispinosus sp. nov. (Figs 2–3, 10–12) Type locality. Kenya, Nairobi Co., Nairobi, icipe research complex, Kasarani Constituency-International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), 01°13.230′S, 36°53.636′E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (dissected [11108]), ‘ KENYA, Nairobi, ICIPE / ex Acacia xanthophloea pods / 01°13.230’S 36°53,636’E / 11.i.2008, B. Le Ru coll. // Holotype // Bruchidius quadrispinosus n. sp., Delobel & Le Ru des. 2015’ (MNHN). PARATYPES: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MNHN); 1 J, Kenya-S, Kibwezi, Hunters’ Lodge, 2.xii.1997, M. Snizek, dissected (OÖLM). Description. Length: 2.9 mm; width: 1.6 mm. Body moderately stout, last visible tergite slanted about 20° from vertical. Integument testaceous to dark reddish brown, with elytral suture and sides blackened; antennae and four anterior legs testaceous, posterior legs reddish brown, abdominal sternites testaceous, with central part darkened or not; last tarsomeres and antennomeres (8)9–10(11) blackened; last visible tergite testaceous in male, largely black in female. Vestiture made of scaly, whitish, fulvous and blackish setae, with white markings: on pronotum, a wide basal triangle and longitudinal line becoming thinner anteriorly and two small dots; elytra fulvous with lighter dots, more strikingly at basal third of intervals 3, 5, 7, 9, apex dark; last visible tergite almost uniformly white in male, in female narrowly greyish anteriorly and laterally with basal white triangle, rest of tergite black. Male. Head short, eyes strongly bulging, maximum head width about 1.5 times width behind eyes; eyes separated by 0.3 times head width including eyes; face wide, with distance between posterior rim of eyes and apex of clypeus / distance between eyes = 2.4; eye moderately cleft, width at bottom of sinus composed of 7–8 ommatidia; frons with blunt carina and strong and shiny bulge posteriorly. Punctation of face small and dense, clypeus visibly alutaceous. Antenna (Fig. 10) moderately long, measuring 0.38 times body length; antennal segments 1–4 submoniliform, 5 slightly widened apically, as wide as long, and following segments strongly eccentric, transverse, 11 apically rounded, 1.5 times longer than wide. Lengths of antennomeres: 1.6: 1.0: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.2: 1.3: 1.3: 2.2. Pronotum sub-trapezoidal, transverse, at base much wider than long (W/L = 1.7), its sides slightly convex medially; oblique impression on sides of basal lobe strong; disc with strong and dense punctation. Elytra basally wider than pronotal base, slightly longer (L/W = 1.08) than their combined width, disc flattened; dented elevation at base of striae 3 and 4, teeth closer to each other than to elytron base; striae narrow, with small punctures, interstriae wide and flat, strongly alutaceous. Hind femur moderately incrassated, twice wider than median femur; mesoventral margin with small acute preapical denticle; hind tibia short, strongly widened towards apex, with ventral, lateral and dorsomesal carinae complete; apex of tibia with mucro shorter than tarsomere 1 width, lateral denticle about half mucro length. First tarsomere ventrally with small acute denticle. Abdomen with ventrite 5 strongly emarginated, its length medially about half as long as sternite 4, about one third its lateral length; ventrite 1 with patch of dense setae at basal angle well developed. Last visible tergite shield-shaped, only slightly longer than wide, strongly convex in apical half, its apex strongly turned under. Genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 11) of moderate length (maximum width excluding basal hood / total length = 0.20), subcylindrical, moderately widened apically; basal hood narrow, not notched apically; ventral valve subtriangular, with sinuated sides, tip acute and bearing numerous sensilla, with two lateral groups of 5–6 setae; dorsal valve braced with sclerotized ring; pair of hinge sclerites; internal sac elongated, lined in basal third with hyaline ctenoid scales and small needles; four large thorns in central third, followed by smooth zone, devoid of needles or setae; apical bulb large, densely lined with very thin needles, gonopore large, circular. Basal strut (Fig. 12) with obsolete dorsal keel; lateral lobes slender, cleft 70 % of their length, pubescent; apex of parameres with about 6 long and 10–12 shorter setae. Female. Similar to male, but last visible tergite less convex, ventrite 5 about as long as ventrite 4. Darker than male: integument almost entirely black, except antennae and legs, only slightly darker than male; elytral disc brown, rest of elytra black, its vestiture checked black, brown and yellowish, with large black sutural marking in middle of intervals 1–3. Differential diagnosis. The external morphology of B. quadrispinosus sp. nov. is very similar to that of the Bruchidius albosparsus species group as a whole. General body shape and color, and more particularly the presence of a black marking in the middle of elytral suture (striking in female specimen) are typical for members of the group. The large thorn-like spines in central part of the internal sac are of a type never found in the B. albosparsus group, but thorn-like sclerites do exist, even though in a smaller size and in a different arrangement, in at least two other members of the group, namely B. uberatus (Fåhraeus, 1895) and in another, yet undescribed species. Also, the pair of anterior sclerites usually named ‘hinge sclerites’ is quite similar to those found in B. albosparsus itself. Host plant. Larvae develop in seeds of Vachellia xanthophloea (L.) Willd. Etymology. Specific epithet (masculine adjective) meaning ‘with four spines’, a reference to the ornamentation of internal sac. Distribution. Kenya (Makueni and Nairobi County)., Published as part of Delobel, Alex & Ru, Bruno Le, 2015, New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), pp. 261-272 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1) on pages 265-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5302702

Delobel, Alex, Ru, Bruno Le (2015): New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (1): 261-272, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5302702, {"references":["ANTON K.-W. 1998: Revision of the genus Bruchidius. Part I: the B. seminarius group (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 573: 1-13.","ANTON K.-W. & DELOBEL A. 2003:African species of the Bruchidius centromaculatus group with 'eyed' female pygidium (Coleoptera: Bruchidae: Bruchinae). Genus 14: 159-190.","DECELLE J. 1979: Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Bruchidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 318-330.","DELOBEL A. 2007: Description of previously reported but hitherto undescribed African Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Genus 18: 687-720.","DELOBEL A. 2010: Seed beetles associated with Alysicarpus vaginalis in Vietnam (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 21: 1-9.","DELOBEL A. & LE RU B. 2009: On some poorly known species of South African seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Genus 20: 411-427.","DELOBEL A., LE RU B., GENSON G., MUSYOKA B. K. & KERGOAT G. J. 2015: Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fahraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3931: 451-482.","ERNST W.H. O., DECELLE J. E. & TOLSMA D. J. 1990: Predispersal seed predation in native leguminous shrubs and trees in savannas of southern Botswana. African Journal of Ecology 28: 45-54.","ILDIS 2014: International Legume Database and Information Service (Legume Web). Permanent web publication available from: http://www.ildis.org (last accessed in November 2014).","KERGOAT G. J., DELOBEL A., FEDIERE G., LE RU B. & SILVAIN J.-F. 2005: Both host-plant phylogeny and chemistry have shaped the African seed-beetle radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 602-611.","KERGOAT G. J., DELOBEL A., LE RU B. & SILVAIN J.-F. 2008: Seed-beetles in the age of the molecule: recent advances on systematics and host-plant association patterns. Pp. 59-86. In: JOLIVET P., SANTIAGO-BLAY J. & SCHMITT M. (eds): Research on Chrysomelidae, volume 1. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 432 pp.","KINGSOLVER J. M. 1970:A study of male genitalia in Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 72: 370-414.","NILSSON J.A. & JOHNSON C. D.1993:A taxonomic revision of the palm bruchids (Pachymerini) and a description of the world genera of Pachymerinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 41: 1-104.","VAN TONDER S. J. 1985: Annotated records of Southern African Bruchidae associated with acacias, with a description of a new species. Phytophilactica 17: 143-148.","WWW 2014: World Wide Wattle. Permanent web publication available from: http://www.worldwidewattle.com (last accessed in November 2014).","YUS RAMOS R. 2008: Catalogo comentado de los bruquidos de las islas Canarias (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Vieraea 36: 21-54."]}