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A diesel dual-fuel engine uses two fuels designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, the specific fuel consumption of diesel dual-fuel engines has increased. However, in combination with alternative fuels, namely compressed natural gas injected through air intake, the use of diesel fuel can be reduced. However, using two fuels in a diesel dual-fuel engine increases the equivalent ratio; therefore, the air and fuel mixture becomes richer because the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is partially replaced by compressed natural gas. This results in incomplete combustion and increases exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This study aims to improve the combustion process in dual-fuel diesel engines by improving the air-fuel ratio; thus, it can approach the stoichiometric mixture by adding combustion air forcibly to produce complete combustion to reduce CO and HC emissions. An experimental approach using a single-cylinder diesel engine modified into a diesel dual-fuel engine powered by crude palm oil biodiesel and compressed natural gas was adopted. The combustion air was forcibly added to the cylinder using an electric supercharger at different air mass flow rates ranging from 0.007074 to 0.007836 kg/s and different engine loads (1000 to 4000 watts). The results indicated that adding more air to the cylinder could produce complete combustion, reducing the emission levels produced by a diesel dual-fuel engine. An air mass flow rate of 0.007836 kg/s can reduce CO, HC, and particulate matter emissions by averages of 60.55%, 49.63%, and 86.87%, respectively, from the standard diesel dual-fuel engine. Increasing in the amount of oxygen concentration improves the quality of the air-fuel ratio, which results in improved combustion and thereby reducing emissions.

Islamic banks are growing from year to year. Many developed countries with Moslem minority populations have implemented it including countries in the European region. This article examined the development of Islamic banks and Islamic finance in the European countries, namely Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. It turned out that the development of Islamic finance in England became the center of the development of Islamic banking in Europe. Other countries such as France and Germany are also competing to open up opportunities for Islamic finance. However Islamic finance has not developed much, in Netherland. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods, in which the research was based on literature (library), the data and theoretical matters used in this paper were derived from reliable and clear sources such as books, internet and previous related studies. Bank Islam semakin berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Banyak negara-negara maju dengan penduduk minoritas muslim sudah menerapkannya. Termasuk negara-negara yang berada di kawasan Eropa. Dalam artikel ini diteliti tentang perkembangan Bank Islam dan keuangan Islam yang ada di bagian negara-negara Eropa yaitu Inggris, Perancis, Jerman, dan Belanda. Ternyata dalam perkembangan keuangan islam di Inggris menjadi sentral dari perkembangan bank islam di Eropa. Negara-negara lain seperti Perancis dan Jerman juga berlomba untuk membuka peluang bagi keuangan islam. Namun, di Belanda keuangan islam belum banyak perkembangan. Dalam pengerjaan jurnal ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif , dimana penelitian tersebut berdasarkan literatur (kepustakaan ), materi-materi dari makalah ini merupakan berasal dari buku, internet dan juga penelitian terdahulu sehingga semua yang didapat berasal dari sumber-sumber terpercaya dan jelas.

Alfonso Carleo,1,2,* Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko,3,* Thomas Koeck,4 Harald Mischak,4,5 Małgorzata Czajkowska-Malinowska,6 Adriana Rozy,3 Tobias Welte,1,2 Sabina Janciauskiene1,2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), DZL Hannover, Germany; 3Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland; 4Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany; 5Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; 6Department of Lung Diseases and Respiratory Failure, Regional Center of Pulmonology, Bydgoszcz, Poland *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Differentiating between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with normal (PiMM) or deficient (PiZZ) genetic variants of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is important not only for understanding the pathobiology of disease progression but also for improving personalized therapies. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether urinary peptides reflect the A1AT-related phenotypes of COPD. Urine samples from 19 clinically stable COPD cases (7 PiMM and 12 PiZZ A1AT) were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. We identified 66 peptides (corresponding to 36 unique proteins) that differed between PiZZ and PiMM COPD. Among these, peptides from the collagen family were the most abundant and divergent. A logistic regression model based on COL1A1 or COL5A3 peptides enabled differentiation between PiMM and PiZZ groups, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.71% for COL1A1 and a sensitivity of 91.67% and specificity of 85.71% for COL5A3. Furthermore, patients with PiZZ presented low levels of urinary peptides involved in lipoproteins/lipids and retinoic acid metabolism, such as apolipoprotein A-I and C4, retinol-binding protein 4 and prostaglandin-H2 d-isomerase. However, peptides of MDS1 and EVII complex locus, gelsolin and hemoglobin alpha were found in the urine of COPD cases with PiZZ, but not with PiMM. These capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry-based results provide the first evidence that urinary peptide content differs between PiMM and PiZZ patients with COPD. Keywords: alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, COPD, urine, peptidomics, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, phenotypes, peptides, biomarkers, collagen

Past work on mathematics teachers' content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has resulted in mixed findings about the strength of the relationship between and development of these constructs. The current study uses data from the Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M) to examine the relationship between these knowledge types and the opportunity to learn mathematics within teacher preparation programs across 17 different countries. We consider the relationships between these constructs in various countries to further explore how teacher knowledge can be supported by their experiences in teacher education.

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Introduction: The definition of ultra-rare disease in terms of its prevalence varies between the sources, usually amounting to ca. 1 in 1.000.000 births. Nonetheless, there are even less frequent disorders, such as Ogden syndrome, which up to this day was diagnosed in less than 10 patients worldwide. They present typically with a variety of developmental defects, including postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor delay and hypotonia. This disorder is caused by the heterozygous mutations in NAA10 gene, which encodes N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, involved in protein biosynthesis. Therefore, Ogden syndrome belongs to the broader group of genetic disorders, collectively described as NAA10-related syndrome.Case report: We present a case of a Polish male infant, born in 39. GW with c-section due to the pathological cardiotocography signal. Hypotrophy (2400 g) and facial dysmorphism were noted in the physical examination. From the first minute, the child required mechanical ventilation - a nasal continuous positive airway pressure. For the first 27 days, the patient was treated in a neonatal intensive care unit, where a series of examinations were conducted. On their basis, the presence of the following defects was determined: muscular ventricular septal defects, patent foramen ovale, pectus excavatum, clubfoot and axial hypotonia. Child was then consequently referred to the genetic clinic for counselling. Results of the tests allowed the diagnosis of Ogden syndrome. In the following months the patient’s condition worsened due to the numerous pulmonary infections. Despite the advanced treatment including the variety of medications, the patient eventually died at the age of 10 months.Conclusion: This case report presents a tenth patient diagnosed with Ogden syndrome reported worldwide. It expands the morphologic and clinical phenotype, emphasizing the possible severity of pneumonological disorders in these patients, which may pose a greater threat to a child’s life than more frequently described cardiovascular dysfunctions associated with this syndrome.

Thiamethoxam, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely accepted for use against various chewing and sucking insect pests. In this particular study, the authors examined the dissipation kinetics and metabolism of thiamethoxam in wheat using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) methodology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) over two years during the same cropping season. Residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in wheat plants were investigated following foliar spray of thiamethoxam at recommended dose (12.5 g a.i. ha−1) and four times the recommended dose (50.0 g a.i. ha−1) at earhead formation stage. Total residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in leaves at 0 day (2 h after spray) ranged from 3.69 to 14.36 mg kg−1 for the two doses over the two years. Clothianidin was the only metabolite detected in leaves at 0 day (2 h after spray); however at 7 days after spray nitroguanidine, N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam and 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine were also detected. Total residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in soil at 0 day (2 h after spray) ranged from 0.23 to 0.84 mg kg−1. Thiamethoxam residue in leaves and soil followed first order kinetics with half-life ranging from 9.04 to 15.50 days for the two doses over the two study years. Residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolites in leaves, straw and grain at harvest time for both the doses were below their limit of quantification (0.01 mg kg−1). This information could be helpful for evaluating both regulatory and food safety decisions regarding use of neonicotinoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]