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OBJECTIVE: Summaries of health research can be a complementary way to return value to participants. We assess how research participants engage with summaries via email communication and how this can be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We look at correlations between demographic subgroups and engagement in a longitudinal dataset of 305 626 participants (77% are classified as underrepresented in biomedical research) from the All of Us Research Program. We compare this against engagement with other program communications and use impact evaluations (N = 421 510) to measure the effect of tailoring communication by (1) eliciting content preferences, (2) Spanish focused content, (3) informational videos, and (4) article content in the email subject line. RESULTS: Between March 2020 and October 2021, research summaries reached 67% of enrolled participants, outperforming other program communication (60%) and return of results (31%), which have a high uptake rate but have been extended to a subset of eligible participants. While all demographic subgroups engage with research summaries, participants with higher income, educational attainment, White, and older than 45 years open and click content most often. Surfacing article content in the email subject line and Spanish focused content had negative effects on engagement. Video and social media content and eliciting preferences led to a small directional increase in clicks. DISCUSSION: Further individualization of tailoring efforts may be needed to drive larger engagement effects (eg, delivering multiple articles in line with stated preferences, expanding preference options). Our findings are likely a conservative representation of engagement effects, given the coarseness of our click rate measure. CONCLUSIONS: Health research summaries show promise as a way to return value to research participants, especially if individual-level results cannot be returned. Personalization of communication requires testing to determine whether efforts are having the expected effect.

Abstract Lipoprotein(a) has been shown to be disruptive to local endothelial cells, whose integrity is critical to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Cross‐sectional analysis has shown an association between lipoprotein(a) and prevalent hypertension, though it is unclear if lipoprotein(a) increases risk of incident hypertension. To assess this, the authors measured baseline lipoprotein(a) among 5307 normotensive patients (median age 26 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12–50) and used Cox proportional hazard models to generate hazard rations (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI; median follow‐up 10‐years). The authors categorized lipoprotein(a) as 50 mg/dL, and performed subgroup analysis of adults >50 years at baseline. Incident hypertension was defined as a measured BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or a new ICD‐9/10 code. After adjustment, hypertension for patients with baseline lipoprotein(a) 15–50 mg/dL was 0.91 (0.72–1.16), 1.05 (0.79–1.38), and 1.02 (0.83–1.26; vs. 50 years, lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL was associated with increased incident hypertension (1.62 [1.17–2.26]).

Introduction: In postmodern art, the body has been a focal point as a subject, medium, and tool for artistic creation, as well as a site for experiencing and perceiving art. Scholars in the humanities have challenged conventional definitions of the body, and artists have visually depicted these new interpretations. One postmodern approach to body representation in painting is the depiction of fragmented bodies and disembodied limbs. This study aims to explain the theoretical origins of the emergence of disembodied limbs in Iranian paintings of the late 14th century A.H. and the semantic implications of this visual fragmentation. The research seeks to answer the question: “What is the reference for depicting disembodied limbs in 1990s Iranian paintings, and what themes do these visual representations convey”?Methodology: This qualitative research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary data. From the statistical population, which includes paintings by Iranian artists featuring fragmented bodies or disembodied limbs from the 1990s, samples that primarily depict disembodied limbs were selected and analyzed based on the theoretical foundations of the study.Findings: The decentralization of the body’s unity in the research samples does not refer to disability, physical suffering, or death. Instead, it signifies abstract concepts such as transformation and metamorphosis, challenging classical definitions of the body, social critique, expressions of mental and metaphysical states, and recollecting a lost past that exists only in memory.Conclusion: The emergence of disembodied limbs in 1990s Iranian paintings is influenced by postmodern rationality and a shift in human perspectives towards the external and internal worlds. By defamiliarizing conventional methods of body representation, painters create a space for critiquing and challenging predetermined thought patterns and generating new concepts that reflect the human condition in the contemporary era.

Introduction Depression and anxiety are common in dementia, with a devastating impact. However, there remains a lack of evidence-based psychological therapies for this clinical group. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT), a talking therapy which addresses feelings of shame and stigma, has shown benefits in other clinical populations. This study is a mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of group CFT for people with dementia and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, to determine if a future definitive RCT is feasible.Methods and analysis 50 people with mild-to-moderate dementia and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression will be randomised to either the intervention arm (12 sessions of group CFT plus treatment as usual (TAU)) or the control arm (TAU). Primary outcome measures include the feasibility of conducting an RCT in terms of recruitment, acceptability, suitability of secondary outcome measures and fidelity. Blind assessments will be conducted at baseline, approximately 16 weeks and 6 months follow-up, to collect data on depression, anxiety, quality of life, quality of the carer–patient relationship, cognition, self-compassion and carer burden. Qualitative interviews will be used to gather participant, carer/supporter and clinician perspectives on the value, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the London Riverside REC (Ref: 23/LO/0535) and the Health Research Authority (HRA) ethical approval process through the Integrated Research Application System (IRAS ID: 327086). We plan to publish the results in open-access peer-reviewed journals, present data at conferences and provide feedback to the study participants, sponsors and funders.Trial registration number ISRCTN20868432.

This study explores the essence and dimensions of modern humanity from the perspective of the Quran, focusing on the views of Muhammad Iqbal and Plato. In modern society, there is a prevailing notion that religion and science are irreconcilable entities, complicating the understanding of their relationship. This study aims to analyze the views of Iqbal and Plato on the essence and dimensions of modern humanity. The research method employed is a literature review, utilizing primary data from Iqbal's “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam” and Plato's “The Republic.” Secondary data include books, journals, essays, and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that Iqbal perceives the essence of humanity in its spiritual entity, complemented by intelligence, belief, and morality, while Plato identifies three essential elements of humanity: spirit, reason (intellect), and desire (appetite).

This paper presents the outcomes of a research experiment on the drying process of seaweed. There are numerous approaches to clustering data, such as partitioning and the Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm (HCA). The HCA has been implemented in binary tree structures to visualize data clustering. We conducted a comparative analysis of the four primary methodologies utilized in HCA, namely: 1) single linkage, 2) complete linkage, 3) average linkage, and 4) Ward's linkage. Clustering validation is widely recognized as a crucial issue that significantly impacts the effectiveness of clustering algorithms. Clustering validation can be identified, such as internal and external validation. Internal clustering validation, in particular, holds significant importance in the realm of data science. With this article, the main goal is to do an empirical evaluation of the traits that a representative set of internal clustering validation indices, namely Connectivity, Dunn, and Silhouette, show. In this paper, the HCA applies two distance functions between Euclidean and Manhattan distances to analyze the entanglement function and internal validity.

Background: Cardiac arrest is a crucial problem because it has a short rescue time and requires optimal assistance competence. The global incidence of cardiac arrest is 50-60 per 100,000 per year, while in Indonesia it is 10,000 per year or 30 incidents every day. This is an important problem that must be addressed immediately, apart from improving skills, by using innovative supporting tools. This tool is still very limited and does not even exist in Indonesia.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of digital resuscitation pads (petitions) on the accuracy of compression of cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation.Methods: The number of samples in this study was 46 respondents as the case group and as the control group. In the case group, we provided the innovative Digital Resuscitation Pad tool and the rhythm of tapping to perform compressions, while in the control group they were only guided by the rhythm of tapping. The inclusion criteria include respondents who have practiced CPR for lay people appropriately. The instrument uses a questionnaire with a validity test of r table 0.621 and reliability r table 0.539. The analysis uses the Wilcoxon test using total sampling.Results: Based on the researchers' findings in this research, in the control group, 56.52% of respondents performed inappropriate compression, meaning that 26 respondents, more than half of the respondents provided compression that was not of good quality. After being given the Digital Resuscitation Pad, compression quality increased to 86.95% or 29 respondents provided quality compression.Conclusions: There is an influence of the Digital Resuscitation Pad on the accuracy of Cardiac and Pulmonary Resuscitation compressions. Researchers concluded that the Pad Digital Resuscitation device could improve the quality of student compressions over a measurable distance even though BMI indirectly plays an important role in nurses' performance in providing optimal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

4D printing is recognised for its numerous potential applications due to its reaction towards stimulus factors. However, limited research has focused on what, why, and how this stimulus-response works. This study reveals the mechanism used to stimulate 4D printing reactions. Complex printing via design structure and mechanical control on fibre orientations are promising techniques compared with chemical modifications, which are difficult to control, particularly for commercialisation.

Objective:. To quantify the association between insurance and hospital admission following minor isolated extremity firearm injury. Background:. The association between insurance and injury admission has not been examined. Methods:. This was an observational retrospective cohort study of minor isolated extremity firearm injury captured in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient and Emergency Department Databases in 6 states (New York, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Florida, and Maryland) from 2016 to 2017 among patients aged 16 years or older. The primary exposure was insurance. Admitted patients were propensity score matched to nonadmitted patients on age, extremity Abbreviated Injury Score, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index with exact matching within hospital to adjust for selection bias. A general estimating equation logistic regression estimated the association between insurance and odds of admission in the matched cohort while controlling for sex, race, injury intent, injury type, hospital profit type, and trauma center designation with observations clustered by propensity score-matched pairs within hospital. Results:. A total of 8151 patients presented to hospital with a minor isolated extremity firearm injury between 2016 and 2017 in 6 states. Patients were 88.0% male, 56.6% Black, and 71.7% aged 16 to 36 years old, and 22.1% were admitted. A total of 2090 patients were matched on propensity for admission. Privately insured matched patients had 1.70 higher adjusted odds of admission and 95% confidence interval of 1.30 to 2.22, compared with uninsured after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Conclusions:. Insurance was associated with hospital admission for minor isolated extremity firearm injury.

The ongoing debate surrounding the hadiths on Aisha’s age of marriage has givenrise to two main positions among Muslim scholars, namely: the rejectors, thosewho reject the hadiths’ validity and propose the view that Aisha got married atan older age, and the defenders, those who defend them as valid hadiths andaccept that Aisha consummated her marriage at the early age of nine years old. Inthis study, we examine this issue through the opposing arguments offered by twocontemporary Muslim scholars: Jasser Auda, who represents the view of hadithrejectors, and Jonathan Brown, who represents those who accept the validity of thehadiths. These two scholars have been chosen to represent these two standpointsmainly because of their novel and distinctive theoretical contributions to theongoing debate. Entangled in this debate is the issue of whether pre-modernreality can be assessed by using modern norms. We employ critical analysis onthe epistemological and methodological aspects surrounding the two scholars’interpretations of the hadiths of Aisha’s age of marriage. We argue that threesignificant features distinguish Auda and Brown’s dispositions. These are: first,their different conceptions of the interplay between politics, knowledge, andmemory; second, their differing epistemological approaches to hadith science;and third, their opposing assumptions about the universality of modern norms.

East Java Province is one of the provinces with an extremely poor population in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that explain the effect of poverty, specifically on working households, which are expected to provide insights into policies to alleviate extreme poverty in East Java. This study uses microdata from the 2022 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) at the household level in East Java, which has 38 districts/cities. By using binary logistic regression analysis, the results show that gender, education, marital status, age generation, employment status, and business field of the head of the household have a significant effect on the chances of becoming an extremely poor household. Furthermore, special policies are needed related to demographic and employment factors at the household level in alleviating extreme poverty in East Java.

Introduction[1]: Feed additives are commonly used in poultry feed to enhance performance, promote health, and increase nutrient efficiency. The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed has been prevalent for years. However, due to concerns regarding the accumulation of antibiotic residues in poultry products and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, antibiotics are no longer considered desirable additives in poultry feed. As a non-therapeutic alternative to antibiotics, probiotics have been introduced as suitable candidates to promote growth. Probiotics have beneficial effects on poultry digestive enzymes, improve intestinal absorption, and neutralize toxins produced by harmful microorganisms, ultimately improving the immune system and economic performance. Among the most popular probiotic bacteria are Lactobacilli, as they are generally classified as safe bacteria. Materials and methods Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri ABRIG25 (MF686485)) and salivarius (L. salivarius NABRII59 (MH595987) isolated from the digestive tract of Guilan’s native chicks and Mazandaran’s duck respectively, were prepared up to 1.36×109 CFU using MRS medium at 37 ° C, under anaerobic conditions. 300 one-day-old male Arbor-Acres chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments, 4 replications (15 chicks per replicate). Experimental treatments were: 1- Basic diet as control group (Cont), 2- Basic diet + 100 g / ton Avilamycin as antibiotic group (Anti), 3- Basic diet + 200 g / ton commercial probiotic (Lacto-feed®) (Plac), 4- Basic diet + 1 g / Kg of L. salivarius NABRII59 (MH595987) bacterial powder (Pls1), and 5- basic diet + 1 g / kg of L. reuteri ABRIG25 (MF686485) bacterial powder (Plr1). Daily feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers were determined and recorded in starter, grower, and finisher periods. On day 42, two chicks were slaughtered from each replicate and the weight of internal organs and carcass cuts were recorded as a percentage of carcass weight. Chicken antibody reaction were determined using SRBS suspension. On days 22 and 35 of the rearing period, two chicks were randomly selected from each cage and 0.1 cc of SRBC solution was injected into to the wing’s vein, intravenously. Humoral immunity test was applied on days 29 and 42, using 1 cc of blood taken from the wing vein of chickens. The hemagglutination reaction was recorded based on the last two dilutions as SRBC’s antibody using the logarithm and the antibody titer against Newcastle was determined by hem agglutination inhibition (HI) test. On day 42, blood samples were taken randomly from 2 birds per replication to evaluate blood-serum parameters including glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL. All data were analyzed using SAS software v.9.1 (2012) in GLM procedure using a completely randomized design, and comparison of statistical means was performed, using Duncan's method at the level of 0.05. Results and Discussion: The present study investigated the effect of native probiotic isolates (Plr1, Pls1) compared to commercial probiotics (Plac) and antibiotics (Anti) on the growth performance of chickens. The results showed no significant differences in daily feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio between experimental treatments. However, two native probiotic isolates (Plr1, Pls1), the commercial probiotic (Plac), and the antibiotic (Anti) resulted in a significant reduction (P

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekspresi gen IL-6 pada tikus model Alzheimer yang diinduksi AlCl3 setelah diberi sel punca. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional control study yang menggunakan 18 sampel RNA hewan coba yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (K, AlCl3­, AlCl3+MSC-WJ). Hasil: Rata-rata rasio ekspresi gen IL-6 yang didapatkan pada kelompok K, AlCl3, AlCl3+MSC-WJ berturut-turut adalah 1,6; 1,8; dan 1,1. Didapatkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna setiap kelompok hewan coba dengan nilai p = 0,010 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah terjadinya penurunan ekspresi gen IL-6 pada tikus model Alzheimer yang diberi sel punca (MSC-WJ).

Reading fluency has been identified as a critical competency for reading success. Accurate and automatic word recognition, one component of fluency, is normally assessed through reading rate (Oral Reading Fluency--ORF). While norms for ORF exist through grade 8, norms beyond grade 8 are largely unknown. The present study attempted to establish ORF norms associated with successful adult readers (college graduates), thus establishing a ceiling ORF target range for success in fluency. Results indicate that a word recognition accuracy range of 98-100% and an automaticity range of 138-158 words read correctly per minute on high school level reading material are associated with average performance by college graduates. Results are discussed in terms of implications for monitoring students' progress in fluency in the secondary grades and beyond.